1another name used by some for the same place—عَرَفَةُ
The place [or mountain] where the pilgrims halt on the day of عَرَفَة [mentioned above], [described by Burckhardt as a granite hill, about a mile, or a mile and a half, in circuit, with sloping sides, rising nearly two hundred feet above the level of the adjacent plain,] said to be nine miles, or twelve miles, from Mekkeh.
[We alighted at 'Arafát]—نَزَلْنَا عَرَفَةَ
Such a phrase, with عَرَفَة, is like a post-classical phrase, and it is said to be not genuine Arabic.
[I alighted at 'Arafát]—نَزَلْتُ بِعَرَفَةَ
J says it is a place in, or at, Minè, but that is incorrect, unless he means near Minè.
عَرَفَاتٌ is a [proper] name in the plural form, and so is not itself pluralized. It is as though the term عَرَفَةٌ applied to every distinct portion of it.
As Fr says, it correctly has no singular. It is determinate, as denoting a particular place, and so does not admit the article ال, differing from الزَّيْدُونَ [because this is a proper name common to a number of persons].
[lit. These are 'Arafát, in a good state]—هٰؤُلَآءِ عَرَفَاتٌ حَسَنَةً
The adjective is put in the accusative case because it is indeterminate [as a denotative of state, like مُصَدِّقًا in the saying وَهُوَ الحَقُّ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا مَعَهُمْ in the Kur 2:85].
It is declinable (مَصْرُوفَةٌ [more properly مُعْرَبَةٌ]) because the ت is equivalent to the ى and و in مُسْلِمِينَ and مُسْلِمُونَ, the tenween becoming equivalent to the ن. Being used as a proper name, it is therefore left in its original state, as مُسْلِمُونَ is when used as a proper name.
That is, it is declinable in the manner of مُسْلِمَاتٌ and مُؤْمِنَاتٌ, the tenween being like the one that corresponds to the masculine plural ending ن, not the tenween of full declinability, because it is a proper name and of the feminine gender, and so it does not take the article ال.
عَرَفَاتٌ was so named because Adam and Eve knew each other there after their descent from Paradise; or because Gabriel, when he taught Abraham the rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage, said to him, “Have you known?”, and he replied, “I have known”; or because it is a place sanctified and magnified, as though it were made fragrant; or because the people know one another there; or, Er-Rāghib: because of men making themselves known there by religious services and prayers.
Qur’ān 2:91 matched to Lane’s own quotation of it Lane cites “Kur ii. 85”
Show Lane's original text
The place [or mountain] where the pilgrims halt (Mgh, O, Msb, K) on the day of عَرَفَة [above mentioned], (O, K,) [described by Burckhardt as a granite hill, about a mile, or a mile and a half, in circuit, with sloping sides, rising nearly two hundred feet above the level of the adjacent plain,] said to be nine miles, (Msb,) or twelve miles, (K,) from Mekkeh; (Msb, K;) said by J to be a place in, or at, Minè, but incorrectly, (K, TA,) unless thereby be meant near Minè; (TA;) also called by some عَرَفَةُ ; (Mgh, Msb;) but the saying نَزَلْنَا عَرَفَةَ , (S, O, K,) or نَزَلْتُ بِعَرَفَةَ , (Msb,) [We, or I, alighted at عَرَفَة ,] is like a post-classical phrase, (S, O, K,) and (S, O) it is said to be (Msb) not genuine Arabic: (S, O, Msb:) عَرَفَاتٌ is a [proper] name in the pl. form, and therefore is not itself pluralized: (S, O, K:) it is as though the term عَرَفَةٌ applied to every distinct portion thereof: (TA:) as Fr says, it has, correctly, no sing.; (S, O;) and it is determinate as denoting a particular place; (Sb, S, O, K, TA;) and therefore not admitting the article ال ; (Sb, TA;) differing from الزَّيْدُونَ [because this is a proper name common to a number of persons]: you say, هٰؤُلَآءِ عَرَفَاتٌ حَسَنَةً [lit. These are 'Arafát, in a good state], putting the epithet in the accus. case because it is indeterminate [as a denotative of state, like مُصَدِّقًا in the saying وَهُوَ الحَقُّ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا مَعَهُمْ , in the Kur ii. 85]: (S, O:) it is decl. ( مَصْرُوفَةٌ [more properly مُعْرَبَةٌ ]) because the ت is equivalent to the ى and و in مُسْلِمِينَ and مُسْلِمُونَ , (S, O, K,) the tenween becoming equivalent to the ن , therefore, being used as a proper name, it is left in its original state, like as is مُسْلِمُونَ when used as a proper name: (Akh, S, O, K:) [i. e.,] it is decl. in the manner of مُسْلِمَاتٌ and مُؤْمِنَاتٌ , the tenween being like that which corresponds to the masc. pl. termination ن , not the tenween of perfect declinability, because it is a proper name and of the fem. gender, wherefore it does not admit the article ال . (Msb.) عَرَفَاتٌ was thus named because Adam and Eve knew each other ( تَعَارَفَا ) there (IF, O, K, TA) after their descent from Paradise: (TA:) or because Gabriel, when he taught Abraham the rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage, said to him “ Hast thou known? ” ( أَعَرَفْتَ ), (O, K,) and he replied “ I have known ” ( عَرَفْتُ ): (K:) or because it is a place sanctified and magnified, as though it were rendered fragrant ( عُرِّفَ i. e. طُيِّبَ ): (O, K:) or because the people know one another ( يَتَعَارَفُونَ ) there: or, accord. to Er-Rághib, because of men's making themselves known ( نِتَعَرُّفِ العِبَادِ ) there by religious services and prayers. (TA.)