maṣdarوَعْدٌ إِيعَادٌmuḍāriʿيَعِدُ
Core sense — he promised; he threatened him with evilgenerated
1.1figurative · مجازHe promised him good—وَعَدَهُ خَيْرًا
maṣdar وَعْدٌ and عِدَةٌ [in which the ة is a substitute for the elided و], or this last is a quasi-maṣdar; and مَوْعِدٌ and مَوْعِدَةٌ, or the last of these is a quasi-maṣdar; and مَوْعُودٌ and مَوْعُودَةٌ, these last two being maṣdars of the measures مَفْعُولٌ and مَفْعوُلَةٌ: He promised.
It is transitive directly, and also by means of the preposition ب, though some say that in this case the ب is redundant; and most of the lexicologists disallow it with this form of the verb, allowing it only with أَوْعَدَ.
He threatened him with evil—وَعَدَهُ شَرًّا
It is used with reference to good and to evil alike.
And, according to some, وعده بِخَيْرٍ and بِشَرّ.
He promised good—وَعَدَ
He threatened, or threatened with, evil—أَوْعَدَ
When neither good nor evil is mentioned, one says the first of these if good is meant, and the second if evil is meant.
with which وَعِيدٌ is synonymous, this being an irregular maṣdar [or quasi-maṣdar].
He threatened him, or threatened him with evil—أَوْعَدَهُ
Also توعّدهُ, maṣdar تَوَعُّدٌ and اتّعدهُ.
He promised good—اوعد خَيْرًا
He threatened, or threatened with, evil—اوعد بِشَرٍّ
But this is rare.
When ب is introduced after this form of the verb, it relates only to evil; but one also says اوعده شَرًّا.
1.1.1
The Arabs regard failure to perform a promise as a lie, but failure to carry out a threat as generosity.
A poet says: [And if I threaten him or promise him, I fail to carry out my threat but fulfil my promise]
shāhidوَإِنِّى وَإِنْ أَوْعَدْتُهُ أَوْ وَعَدْتُهُلَمُخْلِفُ إِيعَادِى وَمُنْجِزُ مَوْعِدِى
.
Indeed, they do not apply the term خُلْفٌ to the failure of carrying out a threat.
1.1.2figurative · مجازOur day promises cold—يَوْمُنَا يَعِدُ بَرْدًا
1.1.3figurative · مجازThe land promised good produce—وَعَدَتِ الأَرض
1.1.4
وَاعَدَهُ فَوَعَدَهُ: see form 3.
Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1 5 shown of 65
23:36
هَيْهَاتَ هَيْهَاتَ لِمَا تُوعَدُونَ"Far, very far is that which ye are promised!
26:206
ثُمَّ جَآءَهُم مَّا كَانُوا۟ يُوعَدُونَYet there comes to them at length the (Punishment) which they were promised!
38:53
هَـٰذَا مَا تُوعَدُونَ لِيَوْمِ ٱلْحِسَابِSuch is the Promise made, to you for the Day of Account!
51:5
إِنَّمَا تُوعَدُونَ لَصَادِقٌVerily that which ye are promised is true;
77:7
إِنَّمَا تُوعَدُونَ لَوَٰقِعٌAssuredly, what ye are promised must come to pass.
Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.
Show Lane's original text
, aor. يَعِدُ , inf. n. وَعْدٌ and عِدَةٌ , (S, L, Msb, K,) [in which the ة is a substitute for the elided و ,] or the latter is a quasi-inf. n., (L,) and مَوْعِدٌ and مَوْعِدَةٌ , (L, Msb, K,) or the last is a quasi-inf. n., (L,) and مَوْعُودٌ and مَوْعُودَةٌ , (L, K,) the last two being instances of inf. ns. of the measures مَفْعُولٌ and مَفْعوُلَةٌ , (L,) He promised. (TA.) It is trans. immediately, and by means of the prep. ب ; (L, Msb, K;) but some say that the ب is redundant in this case; and most of the lexicologists disallow it with this form of the verb, allowing it only with أَوْعَدَ . (TA.) It is also used with reference to good and evil: (S, L, Msb, K:) you say وَعَدَهُ خَيْرًا [He promised him good]: and وَعَدَهُ شَرًّا [He threatened him with evil]: (Fr, Fs, S, L, Msb, K, &c.:) and, [accord. to some,] وعده بِخَيْرٍ , and بِشَرّ . (IKoot, Msb.) When neither good nor evil is mentioned, if you mean the former, you say وَعَدَ [He promised good]: and if you mean the latter, أَوْعَدَ , (Fr, T, S, L, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِيعَادٌ , with which وَعِيدٌ is syn., (S, L, Msb, K,) being one irregular inf. n., [or quasiinf. n.,] (Msb,) [He threatened,] or threatened with, evil]; and أَوْعَدَهُ [He threatened him, menaced him, or threatened him with evil]; (Msb;) as also توعّدهُ , (L, Msb,) inf. n. تَوَعُّدٌ ; (S, L, K;) and اتّعدهُ . (L.) You also say اوعد خَيْرًا [He promised good]; (IAar, T, ISd, Msb, K;) but this is extr.: (L:) and اوعد بِشَرٍّ [He threatened, or threatened with, evil]: (S, L, Msb, K:) when ب is introduced after this form of the verb, it relates only to evil: (Fs, Msb:) but you also say اوعده شَرًّا . (Msb.) Failure of performance, with respect to a promise, the Arabs regard as a lie; but with regard to a threat, as generosity. A poet says, 1 [And verily I, if I threaten him or promise him, fail to perform my threat, but fulfil my promise]. (Msb.) Nay, they do not apply the term خُلْفٌ to the failure of performing a threat. (TA.) وَإِنِّى وَإِنْ أَوْعَدْتُهُ أَوْ وَعَدْتُهُ | لَمُخْلِفُ إِيعَادِى وَمُنْجِزُ مَوْعِدِى يَوْمُنَا يَعِدُ بَرْدًا Our day promises cold. (L.) وَعَدَتِ الأَرض The land promised good produce. (A.) وَاعَدَهُ فَوَعَدَهُ : see 3.