هجر

He left it, forsook it, abandoned it, quitted it; he abstained from it, neglected it, shunned or avoided it, was averse from it: synonyms تَرَكَهُ, رَفَضَهُ, فَارَقَهُ, أَغْفَلَهُ and أَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ. Said of a thing he needed to attend to often.

Also أَهْجَرَهُ, which is of the dialect of Hudheyl; and هُجِرَ: he, or it, was left, and so on.

هِجْرَانٌ may be with the body, with the tongue, or with the heart and mind. In the passage of the Qur'ān cited above it is with the body; here it may be any of the three.

Here it is with all three.

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The reading الّا هُجْرًا, mentioned by IKt, and his explanation of it, 'except with foul speech', are both said by El-Khaṭṭābee to be wrong.

Said of a man..

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See also Form 4.

Or he did so and talked foolishly or deliriously.

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Said of the day: it reached the time called the هَاجِرَة.

Said of an inhabitant of the desert. Maṣdar مُهَاجَرَةٌ and هِجْرَةٌ, or the latter is a simple noun.

This is the primary sense of the verb among the Arabs when it is intransitive.

Also, of anyone: he left his place of abode, emigrating to another people; he went forth from one land to another, or from one country, district or town to another.

As used in the Qur'ān, and in many other places in the same and other books: he emigrated from the territory of the unbelievers to the territory of the believers, or to any place of safety or refuge on account of religious persecution and the like.

See an example under تَهَجَّرَ, and see هِجْرَةٌ.

[He journeyed in the time of the حَاجِرَة: see Form 8 in the article عشو.]

[Also, a mode, or manner, of cutting another off from friendly or loving relations, and the like: an example occurs in the first sense above.]

Also, a removal from the desert to the towns or villages; this was its primary sense with the Arabs.

And the forsaking of his country or district by an inhabitant of the desert, or by an inhabitant of a town, village or cultivated district, and taking up his abode in another country or district; an emigration; the leaving of one's home and removing to another place; the going forth from one land to another; also هُجْرَةٌ.

[And an emigration from the territory of the unbelievers to the territory of the believers, or to any place of safety or refuge on account of religious persecution and the like: see Form 3, last meaning.]

A noun from هَاجَرَ.

The epoch of this era is not the date of the Flight itself, as some have imagined — that took place on an uncertain day, most probably the first or second of the third lunar month of the Arabian year — but the first day of the Arabian year in which the Flight happened. As I believe that all European writers who have tried to fix it, before M. Caussin de Perceval, have gone wrong about it, I think it important to give the true date here as he has shown it (see his “Essai sur l'Histoire des Arabes,” in the places referred to in the index to that work).

The first year of the Flight was the two hundred and eleventh year of a period during which the Arabs used a defective luni-solar reckoning, making every third year consist of thirteen lunar months, the others of twelve. Mohammad abolished this reckoning in the twelfth month of the tenth year of the Flight, at the time of the pilgrimage. From this it appears that the first year of the Flight began, most probably, on Monday the nineteenth of April, A.D. 622, or perhaps on the eighteenth; for the actual appearance of the new moon properly marked its beginning, and as the new moon happened about sunset on the sixteenth, it may perhaps have been seen on the eve of the eighteenth.

According to M. Caussin de Perceval, the first ten years of the Flight began at the following times: 1st [Mon.] Apr. 19, 622; 2nd [Sat.] May 7, 623; 3rd [Th.] Apr. 26, 624; 4th [Mon.] Apr. 15, 625; 5th [Sat.] May 3, 626; 6th [Th.] Apr. 23, 627; 7th [Tu.] Apr. 12, 628; 8th [Mon.] May 1, 629; 9th [Fri.] Apr. 20, 630; 10th [Tu.] Apr. 9, 631.

So it appears that the first, fourth and seventh years each had thirteen lunar months, and the seventh was the last year so lengthened; therefore the reckoning by ordinary lunar years began with the eighth year, and from that point we may use the tables often published for finding when the years of the Flight began.

We must not, however, rely on the exact accuracy of these tables: the beginning of the month was generally settled by actually observing the new moon, not by calculation, and we often find that a year began a day later or earlier than the tables indicate — in some cases even two days later — according as the place of observation was low or high, or east or west of the place the calculation is adapted to, or according as the sky was clear or overcast.

The twelfth day of the third month of the first year of the Flight, the day of Mohammad's arrival at Kubà, was a Monday; so the first day of the year was most probably the nineteenth of April, since two months of thirty days each, or of twenty-nine days each, seldom fall together. But the tenth day of the first month of the sixty-first year, the day on which El-Hoseyn was slain at Kerbelà, was a Friday; so the first day of that year, at that place, must have been Wednesday the third of October, A.D. 680, not the first of October, as in most of the published tables mentioned above.

(For the main divisions of the Arabian year when the luni-solar reckoning was set up, see زَمَنٌ.)

Namely, the هِجْرَة to Abyssinia and the هِجْرَة to El-Medeeneh.

Said of one of the صَحَابَة [or Companions of Mohammad].

Talking nonsense; talking foolishly or deliriously. See Form 1, the next-to-last meaning.

مُهْجِرَاتٌ and مَهَاجِرُ: see هُجْرٌ.