نكس

Form 1 · Form 2 · Form 5 · Form 8 · 9 entries · Qur'ānic frequency 3

Form 1نَكَسَهُ6 senses · 1 main

muḍāriʿـُيَفْعُلُmaṣdarنَكْسٌ نُكْسٌ

Core sense — he turned it over, or upside down; he inverted itgenerated

1.1he turned it over, or upside down; he inverted it—نكّسهُ

. He turned it over, or upside down; inverted it; reversed it; changed its state. Also: he turned it over upon its head; and he turned its front part behind, putting its first part last.

With the maṣdar تَنْكِيسٌ, meaning the same, or with an intensive sense.

the arrow was put upside down in the quiver—نُكِسَ السَّهْمُ فِى الكِنَانَةِ

and him whom We cause to live long, We cause to become the reverse of what he was in constitution—وَمَنْ نُعَمِّرْهُ نَنْكُسْهُ فِى الخَلْقِ

Qur'ān 36:68; ʿĀṣim and Ḥamzeh read نُنَكِّسْهُ. So that after strength he is reduced to weakness, and after youthfulness to extreme old age.

1.1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredI made such a one enter again into that affair, or state, after he had got out of it—نَكَسْتُ فُلَانًا فِى ذٰلِكَ الأَمْرِ

then they were made to return to their disbelief—ثُمَّ نُكِسُوا عَلَى رُؤُوسِهِمْ

Qur'ān 21:66. Or: then they reverted to disputation, after they had taken the right course by consulting together; their return to falsity is likened to a thing being turned upside down.

There are two other readings, نُكِّسُوا and نَكَسُوا, the latter meaning نَكَسُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ, that is, then they reverted from what they knew of the evidence in favour of Abraham.

1.1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredit made him fall back into his disease—نَكَسَهُ

it made him fall back into his disease—نَكَسَهُ إِلَى مَرَضِهِ

In art. هيض.

he relapsed into his disease, after convalescence, or after incomplete recovery of health and strength—نُكِسَ

Or نُكِسَ فِى مَرَضِهِ (but see what is said of this below), and also نُكَاسٌ.

[he ate such a thing, and relapsed into his disease]—أَكَلَ كَذَا فَنُكِسَ

may he fall upon his face and relapse into disease—تَعْسًا لَهُ وَنُكْسًا

Or: the disease returned to him, as though he were made to turn back to it.

Sometimes one says نَكْسًا in this case, for the sake of mutual resemblance, or because نَكْسًا is a dialectal variant of نُكْسًا.

[Meaning, may he fall upon his face, or the like, and relapse into disease: or] may he fall upon his face, and not rise after his fall until he falls a second time.

You say تَعَسَ وَٱنْتَكَسَ in the same way. In art. تعس. See also form 8.

[the wound broke open again]—نُكِسَ الجُرْحُ

In arts. عرب and حبط and others.

1.1.3figurative · مجازthe food, and the like, made the sick man's disease return—نَكَسَ الطَّعَامُ وَغَيْرُهُ دَآءَ المَرِيضِ

he put the dye on his head repeatedly, or several times—نَكَسَ الخِضَابَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ

1.1.4figurative · مجاز — inferredhe became weak and impotent—نَكَسَ

Said of a man. The form is more probably نُكِسَ.

he fell short of his fellows; he was unable to reach them—نُكِسَ عَنْ نُظَرَائِهِ

Like عُنِىَ.

1.1.5he bent, or lowered, his head, hanging it down towards the ground—نَكَسَ رَأْسَهُ

Either absolutely, or because of abasement, according to the explanations of the ism fāʿil below.

Also نكّسهُ, [and نَكَسَ alone, ] and نكّس, in art. بقر, and انتكس.

[And in like manner تنكّس, said of a flower-stalk, under قِشْبٌ.]

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1

21:65

ثُمَّ نُكِسُوا۟ عَلَىٰ رُءُوسِهِمْ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتَ مَا هَـٰٓؤُلَآءِ يَنطِقُونَ

Then were they confounded with shame: (they said), "Thou knowest full well that these (idols) do not speak!"

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. نَكُسَ , inf. n. نَكْسٌ , (S, Msb,) He turned it over, or upside down; inverted it; reversed it; changed its manner of being, or state: (Sh, Msb: *) he turned it over upon its head: (S, A, K:) and he turned it fore part behind; made the first part of it to be last; or put the first part of it last: (Sh:) and نكّسهُ , (S, A, K) inf. n. تَنْكِيسٌ , (S,) signifies the same; (S, * A, K;) or has an intensive sense. (TA.) You say, نُكِسَ السَّهْمُ فِى الكِنَانَةِ The arrow was turned, or put, upside down in the quiver. (TA.) And it is said in the Kur, [xxxvi. 68,] وَمَنْ نُعَمِّرْهُ نَنْكُسْهُ فِى الخَلْقِ , or, accord. to the reading of 'Ásim and Hamzeh, نُنَكِّسْهُ ; meaning, And him whom We cause to live long, We cause him to become in a state the reverse of that in which he was, in constitution; so that after strength, he becomes reduced to weakness; and after youthfulness, to extreme old age. (TA.) نَكَسْتُ فُلَانًا فِى ذٰلِكَ الأَمْرِ I made such a one to enter again into that affair, or state, after he had got out of it. (ISh.) [Hence the saying in the Kur, xxi. 66,] ثُمَّ نُكِسُوا عَلَى رُؤُوسِهِمْ Then they were made to return to their disbelief: (Jel:) or then they reverted to disputation, after they had taken the right course by means of consulting together; their return to falsity being likened to a thing's becoming upside down: and there are two other readings; نُكِّسُوا , and نَكَسُوا ; the latter meaning نَكَسُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ : (Bd;) or then they reverted from what they knew, of the evidence in favour of Abraham. (Fr.) [And hence,] نَكَسَهُ , and نَكَسَهُ إِلَى مَرَضِهِ , It made him to fall back into his disease.] (TA, in art. هيض .) And نُكِسَ , (S, Msb, K,) or نُكِسَ فِى مَرَضِهِ , (A, TA,) inf. n. نُكْسٌ (S, Msb, K) and نَكْسٌ (TA, [but see what is said of this below]) and نُكَاسٌ , (Sh, K,) He relapsed into his disease, after convalescence, or after recovery, but not complete, of health and strength: (S, A, K:) or the disease returned to him; [he relapsed into the disease;] as though he were made to turn back to it. (Msb.) You say, أَكَلَ كَذَا فَنُكِسَ [He ate such a thing, and relapsed into his disease]. (A, TA.) And تَعْسًا لَهُ وَنُكْسًا , and sometimes one says, نَكْسًا , (S, K,) in this case, (S,) for the sake of mutual resemblance, (S, K,) or because نَكْسًا is a dial form [of نُكْسًا ], (S,) [meaning, May he fall upon his face, or the like, (see art. تعس ,) and relapse into disease: or] may he fall upon his face, and not rise after his fall until he fall a second time: and in like manner you say, تَعَسَ وَٱنْتَكَسَ . (Msb, art. تعس .) [See also 8.] You say also, نُكِسَ الجُرْحُ [The wound broke open again; or became recrudescent]. (S, in arts. عرب and حبط , &c.) And نَكَسَ الطَّعَامُ وَغَيْرُهُ دَآءَ المَرِيضِ The food, &c., made the disease of the sick man to return. (K.) And نَكَسَ الخِضَابَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ He put the dye upon his head repeatedly, or several times. (A, TA. *) Also نَكَسَ [or more probably نُكِسَ ] He (a man) became weak and impotent. (Sh, in TA.) And نُكِسَ عَنْ نُظَرَائِهِ , like عُنِىَ , He fell short of his fellows; was unable to attain to them. (TA.) نَكَسَ رَأْسَهُ , and نكّسهُ , (TA,) [and نَكَسَ alone, (see نَاكِسٌ ,)] and نكّس , (L, TA, art. بقر ,) and انتكس , (TA,) [and in like manner تنكّس , said of a flower-stalk in the M and K, voce قِشْبٌ ,] He bent, or inclined, his head; (TA;) he lowered, or stooped, his head; bent, or hung, it down towards the ground; absolutely; or by reason of abasement. (So accord. to explanations of the act. part. n., below.)

Form 2نَكَّسَ1 sense

Core sense — he turned it over, or upside down; he inverted itgenerated

2.1

See form 1 throughout.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 2

36:68

وَمَن نُّعَمِّرْهُ نُنَكِّسْهُ فِى ٱلْخَلْقِ ۖ أَفَلَا يَعْقِلُونَ

If We grant long life to any, We cause him to be reversed in nature: Will they not then understand?

Show Lane's original text

see 1, throughout.

Form 5تَنَكَّسَ1 sense

Core sense — he bent, or lowered, his headgenerated

5.1

See the last part of form 1.

Show Lane's original text

see 1, last sentence.

Form 8انتكس2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — it became turned upside down; he fell upon his headgenerated

8.1figurative · مجاز — inferredmay he be disappointed, or fail, of attaining his desire—تَعَسَ وَٱنْتَكَسَ

Quasi-passive of نَكَسَهُ, and so meaning: it became turned over, or upside down; it became turned over upon its head; it became inverted, or reversed; its state became changed; it was turned front part behind, its first part being put last. Also: he fell upon his head.

A form of imprecation, in which that last meaning is understood figuratively: one who is overthrown in his affair is disappointed of attaining his desire and suffers loss. See also form 1, where this imprecation is explained differently.

8.1.1he bent, or lowered, his head—نَكَّسَ رَأَسَهُ

This verb has the same meaning. See the last meaning under form 1.

Show Lane's original text

quasi-pass. of نَكَسَهُ ; (S, A, TA;) [and therefore signifying It became turned over, or upside down; became turned over upon its head; became inverted; became reversed; became changed in its manner of being, or state; it became turned fore part behind; its first part was made to be last, or was put last:] he fell upon his head. (K.) This last signification [understood figuratively] it is said to have in the phrase تَعَسَ وَٱنْتَكَسَ , a form of imprecation, meaning, May he be disappointed, or fail, of attaining his desire: for he who is overthrown in his affair ( مَن ٱنْتَكَسَ فِى أَمْرِهِ ) is disappointed of attaining his desire, and suffers loss. (TA.) [See also 1, where this form of imprecation is differently explained.] Also, i. q. نَكَّسَ رَأَسَهُ . (TA.) [See 1, last signification.]

Derived nouns 5

Nounنِكْسٌ7 senses · 1 main

Core sense — an arrow with its notch broken; low, ignoble, base; weakgenerated

An arrow having its notch broken, so that its top is made its bottom. Plural (of paucity) أَنْكَاسٌ, and (of multitude) نُكُسٌ.

1.1

A head, or blade, of an arrow or the like, having its tongue broken, so that its point is made its tongue. Plural أَنْكَاسٌ.

1.2

A bow of which the foot is made the head of the branch; also مَنْكُوسَةٌ. This peculiarity is a fault.

1.3

A child such as is termed يَتْنٌ [born feet foremost; but يَتْنٌ is a maṣdar, and I have not found it used as an adjective anywhere but in this instance]. Same as مَنْكُوسٌ, and mentioned by IDrd; but he says that it is not of established authority.

1.4figurative · مجاز — inferred

Low, or ignoble; base; vile; mean, or sordid. See a verse cited under أَشَّعَلَ.

One who falls short of the utmost point of generosity, or of courage and generosity. Weak, applied to a man. Short. Plural أَنْكَاسٌ.

1.5

See also مُنَكِّسٌ.

1.6

And see نُكُسٌ.

Show Lane's original text

An arrow having its notch broken, and its top therefore made its bottom: (S, A, K:) pl. [of pauc.] أَنْكَاسٌ (A, TA) and [of mult.] نُكُسٌ . (A.) A head, or blade, of an arrow &c., having its tongue ( سِنْخ ) broken, and its point therefore made its tongue: (K:) pl. أَنْكَاسٌ . (TA.) A bow of which the foot is made [of] the head of the branch; as also مَنْكُوسَةٌ . This peculiarity is a fault. (K.) A child such as is termed يَتْنٌ [born preposterously, feet foremost; but يَتْنٌ is an inf. n., and I have not found it used as an epithet anywhere but in this instance]; (K;) i. q. مَنْكُوسٌ ; and mentioned by IDrd; but he says that it is not of established authority. (TA.) Low, or ignoble; base; vile; mean, or sordid: See a verse cited voce أَشَّعَلَ : (A:) one who falls short of the utmost point of generosity; (K;) or of courage and generosity: (TA:) weak; (S, K;) applied to a man: (S:) short: (AHn:) pl. أَنْكَاسٌ . (A, K.) See also مُنَكِّسٌ : and نُكُسٌ .

Nounنُكَسٌ1 sense

Core sense — old men tottering from age after reaching extreme old agegenerated

1figurative · مجاز — inferred

Apparently the plural of نِكْسٌ. Old men tottering by reason of age after attaining to extreme old age.

Show Lane's original text

, [app. pl. of نِكْسٌ ,] Old men tottering by reason of age ( مُدْرَهِمُّونَ ) after attaining to extreme old age. (K.)

Nounنَاكِسٌ1 sense

Core sense — lowering his head, hanging his head down towards the groundgenerated

Lowering his head; bending, or hanging, his head down towards the ground, either absolutely or by reason of abasement.

The plural is properly نَاكِسُونَ (see the Qur'ān 32:12), and sometimes نَوَاكِسُ, which is used only in poetry, by reason of necessity, and is irregular, like فَوَارِسُ.

El-Farezdak says: [And when the men see Yezeed, you see them with bent necks, lowering their eyes]

shāhid

وَإِذَا الرِّجَالُ رَأَوْا يَزِيدَ رَأَيْتَهُمخُضُعَ الرِّقَابِ نَوَاكِسَ الأَبْصَارِ

. This is how the verse is related by Fr and Ks.

Akh says that it is allowable to say نَوَاكِسِ الأَبْصَارِ, after the manner of the phrase حُجْرُ ضَبٍّ خَرِبٍ [see art. خرب]; and Aḥmad Ibn-Yaḥyà adds ى in relating it, saying نَوَاكِسِى الأَبْصَارِ.

[See the remarks on فَوَارِسُ, plural of فَارِسٌ.]

Show Lane's original text

Lowering his head; bending, or hanging, down his head towards the ground; [absolutely;] (S, K;) [or] by reason of abasement: (TA:) pl. [properly نَاكِسُونَ ; (see Kur, xxxii. 12;) and sometimes] نَوَاكِسُ , (S, K,) used [only] in poetry, (S, TA,) by reason of necessity, (TA,) and anomalous, (S, K,) like فَوَارِسُ . (S.) ElFarezdak says, 1 [And when the men see Yezeed, thou seest them depressed in the necks, lowering the eyes]: (S:) thus the verse is related by Fr and Ks: Akh says, that it is allowable to say نَوَاكِسِ الأَبْصَارِ , after the manner of the phrase حُجْرُ ضَبٍّ خَرِبٍ ; [see art. خرب ;] and Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà adds ى in relating it; saying نَوَاكِسِى الأَبْصَارِ . (TA.) [See the remarks on فَوَارِسُ , pl. of فَارِسٌ .] وَإِذَا الرِّجَالُ رَأَوْا يَزِيدَ رَأَيْتَهُم | خُضُعَ الرِّقَابِ نَوَاكِسَ الأَبْصَارِ

Nounمُنَكِّسٌ1 sense

Core sense — a horse that does not raise its head when running, from weaknessgenerated

A horse that does not raise his head, nor his neck, when running, by reason of weakness; or that has not reached the other horses in their heat, or single run to a goal, that is, by reason of his weakness and impotence; also نِكْسٌ.

Show Lane's original text

A horse that does not raise, or elevate, his head, (S, IF, K,) nor his neck, when running, by reason of weakness: (IF, K:) or that has not reached the other horses (Lth, K) in their heat, or single run to a goal; (Lth;) i. e., by reason of his weakness and impotence; as also نِكْسٌ . (TA.)

Nounوَلَدٌ مَنْكُوسٌ6 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a child brought forth feet first; done in reverse of the prescribed ordergenerated

A child brought forth the wrong way round, whose feet come out before his head. See also نِكْسٌ.

1.1childbirth in which the feet come out before the head—وِلَادٌ مَنْكُوسٌ

Same as يَتْنُ.

1.2a circuiting of the Kaʿbah performed contrary to the prescribed custom—طَوَافٌ مَنْكُوسٌ

That is, by saluting the black stone and then going towards the left.

1.3he read, or recited, the Qur'ān beginning from its last part—قَرَأَ القُرَآنَ مَنْكُوسًا

That is, from [the commencement of the latter of] the مُعَوِّذَتَانِ [the last two chapters], ending with the فَاتِحَة [the first chapter]; contrary to the prescribed mode.

Or: beginning from the end of the chapter and reciting it back to its beginning, invertedly; a mode which A ʿObeyd thinks impossible, and so he holds the first explanation to be the right one.

Each of these practices is disapproved, except the first in teaching children, [in which case it is generally adopted in the present day,] and in teaching a foreigner the مُفَصَّل; an indulgence is granted in these two cases only because the long chapters are difficult for them. But if anyone knows the Qur'ān by heart and intentionally recites it from its last part to its first, this is forbidden; and if we disapprove that, reciting from the end of a chapter to its beginning is still more disapproved, if doing so is possible.

1.4figurative · مجازsuffering a relapse into disease, after convalescence, or after incomplete recovery of health and strength—مَنْكُوسٌ

1.5

مَنْكُوسَةٌ, applied to a bow: see نِكْسٌ.

Show Lane's original text

A child [preposterously brought forth; whose feet come forth before his head. (A, Msb, and so in a copy of the S.) See also نِكْسٌ . وِلَادٌ مَنْكُوسٌ [Preposterous childbirth] is when the feet come forth before the head; (K, and so in a copy of the S, [and that this is what was meant by the author of the S seems to be indicated by what immediately follows]) i. q. يَتْنُ . (S.) طَوَافٌ مَنْكُوسٌ A circuiting of the Kaabeh performed in a way contrary to the prescribed custom, by saluting the black stone and then going towards the left. (Mgh.) قَرَأَ القُرَآنَ مَنْكُوسًا He read or recited, the Kur-án, beginning from the last part thereof, (K,) i. e. from [the commencement of the latter of] the مُعَوِّذَتَانِ [or last two chapters], (TA,) and ending with the فَاتِحَة [or first chapter]; contrary to the prescribed mode: (TA:) or beginning from the end of the chapter, and reading it, or reciting it, to its beginning, invertedly; (K;) a mode which A 'Obeyd thinks impossible; and therefore he holds the former explanation to be the right: (TA:) each of these practices is disapproved, excepting the former in teaching children, [in which case it is generally adopted in the present day,] (K,) and [in teaching] the foreigner the [portion of the Kur-án called the] مُفَصَّل ; an indulgence being granted to these two only because the long chapters are difficult to them: but if any one knows the Kur-án by heart, and intentionally recite it from the last part thereof to the first, this is forbidden: and if we disapprove this, still more is the reciting from the end of the chapter to the beginning disapproved, if the doing this be possible. (TA.) مَنْكُوسٌ also signifies Suffering a relapse into disease, after convalescence; or after recovery, but not complete, of health and strength. (K.) مَنْكُوسَةٌ applied to a bow: see نِكْسٌ .