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نقض

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Form 1نَقَضَهُ4 senses · 2 main
muḍāriʿـُيَفْعُلُmaṣdarنَقْضٌ

Core sense — he undid it, pulled it to pieces, untwisted it, annulled itgenerated

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

. He undid it; pulled it to pieces; untwisted, unravelled, or unwove it; dissolved or broke it; or made it loose and unsound after it had been made firm.

Said of a building or structure; a rope or cord; silk or flax; cloth; a compact, contract, or covenant; a sale; and other things, such as an affair or case, and the state of a place through which the invasion of an enemy is feared.

The opposite of أَبْرَمَهُ as relating to a building, a rope, a compact or covenant, and so on; or the same as حَلَّ بَرْمَهُ as relating to a rope or to a compact or covenant; or the same as هَدَمَهُ as relating to a building; or the maṣdar means إِفْسَادُ مَا أَبْرَمْتَ as relating to a building, to a rope, and to a compact or covenant.

[It is said in the K that النَّقْضُ is the opposite of الإِبْرَامُ, like الإِنْتقَاضُ and التَّنَاقُضُ, but this is a glaring mistake, and seems to be a corruption of this passage in the M: النَّقْضُ ضِدُّ الإِبْرَامِ نَقَضَهُ يَنْقُضُهُ نَقْضًا وَٱنْتَقَضَ وَتَنَاقَضَ, which is meant to show that انتقض and تناقض are quasi-passives of نَقَضَهُ. In the same way the passage in the A, النَّقْضُ فِى البِنَآءِ وَالحَبْلِ وَغَيْرِهِ ضِدُّ الإِبْرَامِ وَٱنْتَقَضَ وَنَتَقَّضَ, shows that انتقض and تنقّض are quasi-passives of نَقَضَهُ.]

[It should also be noted that نَقَضَهُ, as relating to a building, is not well explained by هَدَمَهُ, for one says نَقَضَ البِنَآءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ هَدْمٍ — mentioned in the S and A and elsewhere, in art. قوض — meaning He took the building to pieces without demolishing or destroying it.]

1.1.1figurative · مجازsuch a one took, or had taken, his blood-revenge—نَقَصَ فُلَانٌ وَتَرَهُ

[Literally, such a one undid, or untwisted, his bow-string.]

time, or fortune, untwists and twists tightly—الدَّهْرُ ذُو نَقْضٍ وَإِمْرَارٍ

The meaning is that what time, or fortune, twists tightly, or makes firm, it at another time undoes.

I annulled [what he confirmed, or made firm]—نَقَضْتُ مَا أَبْرَمَهُ
he undoes, annuls, or contradicts what another has said—يَنْقُضُ عَلَيْهِ

Said of a poet replying to another poet.

1.1.2the moving, or shaking, of the pieces of wood, or rafters, of the roof—نقض السقف

Apparently نَقْضُ السَّقْفِ, explained by تحريك خشبه, that is, تَحْرِيكُ خَشَبِهِ.

[But perhaps the phrase to be explained is نَقَّضَ السَّقْفُ, and the explanation, correctly, تَحَرَّكَ خَشَبُهُ, that is, the pieces of wood, or rafters, of the roof moved, or shook — this, I am informed, agrees with modern usage — apparently so as to produce a sound: see also form 5.]

1.2

See also form 4.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1 4 shown of 6
2:27
ٱلَّذِينَ يَنقُضُونَ عَهْدَ ٱللَّهِ مِنۢ بَعْدِ مِيثَـٰقِهِۦ وَيَقْطَعُونَ مَآ أَمَرَ ٱللَّهُ بِهِۦٓ أَن يُوصَلَ وَيُفْسِدُونَ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْخَـٰسِرُونَ

Those who break Allah's Covenant after it is ratified, and who sunder what Allah Has ordered to be joined, and do mischief on earth: These cause loss (only) to themselves.

8:56
ٱلَّذِينَ عَـٰهَدتَّ مِنْهُمْ ثُمَّ يَنقُضُونَ عَهْدَهُمْ فِى كُلِّ مَرَّةٍ وَهُمْ لَا يَتَّقُونَ

They are those with whom thou didst make a covenant, but they break their covenant every time, and they have not the fear (of Allah).

13:20
ٱلَّذِينَ يُوفُونَ بِعَهْدِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا يَنقُضُونَ ٱلْمِيثَـٰقَ

Those who fulfil the covenant of Allah and fail not in their plighted word;

16:91
وَأَوْفُوا۟ بِعَهْدِ ٱللَّهِ إِذَا عَـٰهَدتُّمْ وَلَا تَنقُضُوا۟ ٱلْأَيْمَـٰنَ بَعْدَ تَوْكِيدِهَا وَقَدْ جَعَلْتُمُ ٱللَّهَ عَلَيْكُمْ كَفِيلًا ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا تَفْعَلُونَ

Fulfil the Covenant of Allah when ye have entered into it, and break not your oaths after ye have confirmed them; indeed ye have made Allah your surety; for Allah knoweth all that ye do.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

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, (M, Mgh, Msb,) aor. نَقُضَ , (M, Msb, TA,) inf. n. نَقْضٌ , (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) He undid it; took it; or pulled it, to pieces: untwisted it: unravelled it: unwove it: dissolved it: broke it: or rendered it uncompact, unsound, or unfirm,: after having made it compact, sound, or firm: (JK, M, A, Msb, K, TA:) namely a building, or structure: and a rope, or cord: (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, TA:) and silk, or flax: (TA:) and cloth: (L:) and a compact, contract, or covenant; (S, A, Msb, K, TA;) and a sale: (Mgh:) and other things; (A, K, TA;) such as an affair, or a case; and the state of a place through which the invasion of an enemy is feared: (TA:) contr. of أَبْرَمَهُ , (M, A, K, TA,) as relating to a building or structure, and to a rope or cord, (A, K, TA,) and to a compact or contract or covenant, &c.: (K, TA:) or i. q. حَلَّ بَرْمَهُ , as relating to a rope or cord, and to a compact or contract or covenant: (Msb:) or i. q. هَدَمَهُ , as relating to a building or structure: (TA:) or the inf. n. signifies إِفْسَادُ مَا أَبْرَمْتَ , as relating to a building or structure. (JK, TA,) and to a rope or cord, (JK,) and to a compact or contract or covenant. (TA.) [It is said in the K, that النَّقْضُ is the contr. of الإِبْرَامُ , like الإِنْتقَاضُ and التَّنَاقُضُ : but this is a glaring mistake; and seems to be a corruption of the following passage in the M: النَّقْضُ ضِدُّ الإِبْرَامِ نَقَضَهُ يَنْقُضُهُ نَقْضًا وَٱنْتَقَضَ وَتَنَاقَضَ , which is meant indicate that انتقض and تناقض are quasi-passives of نَقَضَهُ : and in like manner, the passage in the A, النَّقْضُ فِى البِنَآءِ وَالحَبْلِ وَغَيْرِهِ ضِدُّ الإِبْرَامِ وَٱنْتَقَضَ وَنَتَقَّضَ , indicates that انتقض and تنقّض are quasi-passives of نَقَضَهُ . Further. it should be observed that نَقَضَهُ , as relating to a building, is not well explained by هَدَمَهُ ; for you say, نَقَضَ البِنَآءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ هَدْمٍ , (mentioned in the S and A, &c., in art. قوض ,) meaning He took to pieces the building without demolishing, or destroying.] [Hence,] نَقَصَ فُلَانٌ وَتَرَهُ [lit. Such a one undid, or untwisted, his bow-string]; meaning such a one took, or had taken, his blood-revenge. (A, TA.) And الدَّهْرُ ذُو نَقْضٍ وَإِمْرَارٍ [lit. Time, or fortune, has a property of untwisting and twisting tightly]; meaning that which time, or fortune, [as it were] twists tightly, [or makes firm.] it, at another time, [as it were] untwists, or undoes. (TA.) And نَقَضْتُ مَا أَبْرَمَهُ I annulled [what he confirmed, or made firm]. (Msb.) And يَنْقُضُ عَلَيْهِ [He undoes, or annuls, or contradicts, what he (another) has said]; said of a poet replying to another poet. (Lth, A, K.) نقض السقف , [i. e., app., نَقْضُ السَّقْفِ ,] also signifies تحريك خشبه [i. e. تَحْرِيكُ خَشَبِهِ , The moving, or shaking, of the pieces of wood, or rafters, of the roof]. (TA. [But perhaps the phrase to be explained is نَقَّضَ السَّقْفُ , and the explanation, correctly, تَحَرَّكَ خَشَبُهُ , i. e. The pieces of wood, or rafters, of the roof moved, or shook, (for this, I am informed, is agreeable with modern usage,) app. so as to produce a sound: see also 5.]) See also 4.
Form 2نَقَّضَ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — he undid it, pulled it to pieces; it made a cracking soundgenerated

2.1

See form 4, in two places.

2.1.1

See also form 5, and form 1, just before the last break.

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see 4, in two places: and 5; and see 1, next before the last break.
Form 3المُنَاقَضَةُ فِى القَوْلِ1 sense
maṣdarمُنَاقَضَةٌ

Core sense — contradiction in what one says, saying what undoes itselfgenerated

3.1figurative · مجازhe contradicted him in, or respecting, the thing—ناقضهُ فِى الشَّىْءِ

The saying of something contradictory in its meaning, as though one of its meanings undid or annulled the other; from نَقْضُ البِنَآءِ, meaning the contending with another in words, each rebutting what the other said.

Maṣdar مُنَاقَضَةٌ and نِقَاضٌ.

I contradicted him with respect to his saying and his satirizing of me—قُلْتُ لَهُ نِقَاضًا
one of the two poets contradicted the other—ناقض أَحَدُ الشَّاعِرَيْنِ الأَخَرَ
his second saying contradicted the first—ناقض قَوْلُهُ الثَّانِى الآوَّلَ
the last part of his saying contradicted the first—ناقض آخِرُ قَوْلِهِ الأَوَّلَ

on this sense [See also form 6.]

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is The saying that which is contradictory in its meaning [or meanings; as though one of its meanings undid, or annulled, the other]: (S, * K, TA:) from نَقْضُ البِنَآءِ : and meaning the contending with another in words, [or in contradiction,] each rebutting what the other said. (TA.) You say, ناقضهُ فِى الشَّىْءِ , inf. n. مُنَاقَضَةٌ and نِقَاضٌ , He contradicted him in, or respecting, the thing. (M, TA. *) And قُلْتُ لَهُ نِقَاضًا I contradicted him with respect to his saying, and his satirizing of me. (M, TA.) And ناقض أَحَدُ الشَّاعِرَيْنِ الأَخَرَ [One of the two poets contradicted the other]. (A.) And ناقض قَوْلُهُ الثَّانِى الآوَّلَ [His second saying contradicted the first]. (A, TA.) And ناقض آخِرُ قَوْلِهِ الأَوَّلَ [The last part of his saying contradicted the first]. (Mgh.) [See also 6.]
Form 4انقض الكَمْأَةَ7 senses · 4 main

Core sense — he uncovered the truffles; it made a sound; the load weighed his back downgenerated

4.1he removed the crust of earth from over the truffles—انقض عَنْهَا

Or he extracted, or took forth, the truffles from the earth.

4.2the crusts of earth broke up from over the truffle—انقض الكَمْءُ

Their breaking up is expressed by تَقَلْفَعَتْ; also نَقَّضَ, in the same sense. [See also form 5.]

4.2.1the earth showed, or put forth, its plants, or herbage—انقضت الأَرْضُ
4.3it produced, gave, emitted, or uttered a sound, noise, voice, or cry—انقض

Particularly a slight sound like what is termed نَقْرٌ.

Said of a joint of a man; of the fingers, when their joints are made to crack; of the ribs (see also form 5); of a camel's saddle; of a cupping-instrument when the cupper sucks it; of an eagle; of a hen when she lays eggs; of a chicken; of an ostrich; of a quail; of a hawk; of a scorpion; of a frog; of the kind of lizard called وَزَغ; of the وَبْر [or Syrian hyrax]; and of a young camel.

The sounds of a young camel are denoted by إِنْقَاضٌ and كَتِيتٌ, as those of a camel advanced in age are by قَرْقَرَةٌ and هَدِيرٌ.

Or إِنْقَاضٌ relates to animate things, and نَقْضٌ, maṣdar of نَقضَ, muḍāriʿ نَقُضَ and نَقِضَ, to inanimate things.

[According to the A, whether said of animate or of inanimate things it is proper, not figurative; but according to what is said in the TA under نَقِيض it is properly said of animate things and figuratively of inanimate ones — though, if any such distinction exists, the reverse seems to me more probable.]

4.3.1he made a sound to the beast of carriage, or to the ass, or to the camel, and to the horse, to chide it—انقض بِالدَّابَّةِ

Also بِالْحِمَارِ; or, as As says, بِالعَيْرِ, or بِالبَعِيرِ, and بِالفَرَسِ.

The sound is made at the two sides of the tongue, after making it cleave to the roof of the mouth, without moving its tip from its place.

Or انقض بِهِ means the same as نَقَرَ بِهِ, the object being a camel such as is called قَعُود, or whatever the object may be.

he called the goats, or the she-goat—انقض بِالْمَعْزِ

Also بِالعَنْزِ; according to AZ, or Ks.

he made a sound to him, deeming him ignorant—انقض بِهِ

Like the smacking one makes with the tongue to a sheep or goat. [In the TA, كما تنقر الشاة, for which I read كَمَا تَنْقُرُ بِالشَّاةِ.]

El-Khattábee: he clapped one of his hands upon the other, so as to make the sound termed نَقِيض heard.

4.4he made a sound, or sounds, with his fingers—انقض أَصَابِعَهُ

[app. a cracking of the joints.]

[And so نَقَّضَهَا, maṣdar تَنْقِيضٌ.]

Or he struck with his fingers so that they might make a sound. If it means the cracking of the joints, it is disapproved; but if clapping, it is not.

he caused the gum to make a sound, or sounds—انقض العِلْكَ

The gum is علك; the sound is made in chewing it, as many women do, and doing this is disapproved.

[But in the S and L it is said that إِنْقَاضُ العِلْكَ signifies تَصْوِيتُهُ, which does not necessarily show that the former verb is transitive.]

4.4.1the load made his back sound by reason of its weight—انقض الحِمْلُ ظَهْرَهُ

Or it pressed heavily upon him, so that his back was heard to make a sound such as is termed نَقِيض — that is, the sound of a camel's saddle when it becomes infirm under the weight of the load; or a slight sound, like the smacking a man makes with his tongue to his ass in driving him.

Or it weighed his back down; or it made him lean and emaciated. Ibn-ʿArafeh: جَعَلَهُ نِقْضًا, that is, مَهْزُولًا.

So in the phrase الَّذِى أَنْقَضَ ظَهْرَكَ in the Qur'ān, 94:3.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 4
94:3
ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنقَضَ ظَهْرَكَ

The which did gall thy back?-

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

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, (M, K, TA.) and انقض عَنْهَا . (M, TA,) He removed the crust of earth from over the truffles: (M:) or he extracted, or took forth, the truffles from the earth. (K, TA.) انقض الكَمْءُ The crusts of earth broke up ( تَقَلْفَعَتْ ) from over the truffle; as also نَقَّضَ . (M, TA.) [See also 5.] انقضت الأَرْضُ The earth showed [or put forth] its plants, or herbage. (M, TA.) انقض also signifies It produced, made, gave, emitted, or uttered, a sound, noise, voice, or cry: (S, M, K, TA:) and [particularly] a slight sound like what is termed نَقْرٌ : (S, TA:) said of a joint of a man, (M, K,) and of the fingers [when their joints are made to crack], and of the ribs, (A,) [see also 5,] and of a camel's saddle, (A, TA.,) and of a cupping-instrument when the cupper sucks it, (TA,) [&c., (see نَقِيضٌ ,)] and of an eagle, (S, M, K,) and of a hen (S, A) on the occasion of her laying eggs, (A,) and of a chicken, (M, A, K,) and of an ostrich, and of a quail, and of a hawk, and of a scorpion, and of a frog, and of the [kind of lizard called] وَزَغ , and of the وَبْر [or Syrian hyrax], (M, K,) and of a young camel, the sounds of which are denoted by إِنْقَاضٌ and كَتِيتٌ , as those of a camel advanced in age are by قَرْقَرَةٌ and هَدِيرٌ : (S:) or إِنْقَاضٌ relates to animate things; and نَقْضٌ , inf. n. of نَقضَ , aor. نَقُضَ and نَقِضَ , to inanimate things. (M, K.) [Accord. to the A, whether said of animate things or of inanimate, it is proper, not tropical, but accord. to what is said in the TA voce نَقِيض , it is properly said of animate things, and tropically of inanimate; though, if any such distinction exist, the reverse seems to me to be more probable.] You say also, انقض بِالدَّابَّةِ , (K,) or بِالْحِمَارِ . (Lth,) or, as As says, (M, TA,) بِالعَيْرِ , (M,) or بِالبَعِيرِ , (TA,) and بِالفَرَسِ , (M, TA,) He made a sound to the beast of carriage, (M, K,) or to the ass, (Lth, As, M,) or to the camel, (As, TA,) and to the horse, (As, M, TA,) at the two sides of his tongue, after making it cleave to the roof of his mouth, (Lth, M, K, TA,) without removing its extremity from its place, (Lth, TA,) in order to chide the beast: (L:) or انقض بِهِ signifies i. q. نَقَرَ بِهِ [q. v.]; (As, M, A, TA;) the object being a [camel such as is called] قَعُود ; (A;) or whatever be the object. (As, M, TA.) And انقض بِالْمَعْزِ , (S, Sgh, K,) or بِالعَنْزِ , (M, A,) He called the goats, (S, Sgh, K,) or the she-goat; (M, A;) accord. to AZ, (S, Sgh,) or Ks. (M, L.) And انقض بِهِ He made a sound to him like as when thou makest a smacking with the tongue to a sheep or goat, [in the TA, كما تنقر الشاة , for which I read كَمَا تَنْقُرُ بِالشَّاةِ ,] deeming him ignorant. (TA.) And He made a clapping to him with one of his hands upon the other, so as to cause a [sound such as is termed] نَقِيض to be heard. (El-Khattábee.) انقض أَصَابِعَهُ (M, A, K) He made a sound, or sounds, [app. a cracking of the joints,] with his fingers: (M:) [and so نَقَّضَهَا , inf. n. تَنْقِيضٌ : (see فَرْقَعَ :)] or he struck with his fingers in order that they might make a sound, or sounds: (K:) if it mean cracking of the joints ( فَرْقَعَة ), it is disapproved; but if clapping, it is not. (TA.) And انقض العِلْكَ He caused the [kind of gum called] علك to make a sound, or sounds; [i. e., in chewing it, as many women do;] the doing of which is disapproved. (S, L, K. [But in the S and L, it said that إِنْقَاضُ العِلْكَ signifies تَصْوِيتُهُ , which does not necessarily indicate that the former verb is transitive.]) Hence, (S, M, TA,) انقض الحِمْلُ ظَهْرَهُ (S, M, A, Msb, K *) The load made his back to sound by reason of its weight: (M:) or pressed heavily upon him, (S, M, Msb, K,) so that his back was heard to make a sound such as is termed نَقِيض ; (M, K; * i. e. the sound of the camel's saddle when it becomes infirm by reason of the weight of the load; (Bd, xciv. 3;) or a slight sound, as when a man makes a smacking with his tongue ( يُنْقِضُ ) to his ass, in driving him: (TA:) or oppressed his back by its weight: (Msb:) or rendered him lean, or emaciated; جَعَلَهُ نِقْضًا , i. e. مَهْزُولًا . (Ibn- 'Arafeh, K.) Thus in the phrase الَّذِى أَنْقَضَ ظَهْرَكَ , (S, M, K,) in [xciv. 3, of] the Kur. (S, M.)
Form 5تنقّض3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — it cracked, or burst open, and made a sound in crackinggenerated

5.1

See form 8.

5.1.1the earth clave, cracked, or burst, from over the truffles—الأَرْضُ عَنِ الكَمْأَةِ

Synonymous with تَفَطَّرَتْ.

In all the copies of the K we find تنقّض الدَّمُ explained by تَقَطَّرَ [as though meaning the blood was made to drop, drip, or fall in drops]; but how likely this is to be a mistranscription!

[The right reading of the phrase is probably تنقّض الكَمْءُ, and of the explanation تَفَطَّرَ; if so, the phrase is like أَنْقَضَ الكَمْءُ and نَقَّضَ, explained above: see form 4, second sentence.]

5.1.2figurative · مجازthe house, or chamber, became cleft, or cracked, in several places, so as to make a sound heard—تنقّض الَبْيتُ

تنقّض is also said of a building, [apparently in the same sense,] like نَقَّضَ. [See نَقَّضَ السَّقْفُ in form 1, just before the last break.]

his bones made a sound [app. in being broken]—تنقّضت عِظَامُهُ

[See also form 4.]

Show Lane's original text
: see 8. الأَرْضُ عَنِ الكَمْأَةِ The earth clave, or cracked, or burst, from over the truffles; (S, A, * TA;) syn. تَفَطَّرَتْ . (S, TA.) In all the copies of the K, we find تنقّض الدَّمُ , explained by تَقَطَّرَ ; [as though meaning The blood was made to drop, drip, or fall in drops;] but how likely is this to be a mistranscription. (TA.) [The right reading of the phrase is probably تنقّض الكَمْءُ ; and of the explanation, تَفَطَّرَ ; and if so, the phrase is like أَنْقَضَ الكَمْءُ , and نَقَّضَ , explained above: see 4, second sentence.] تنقّض الَبْيتُ The house, or chamber, became cleft, or cracked, in several places, so as to cause a sound to be heard (K, TA.) And تنقّض is also said of a building, [app. in the same sense,] like نَقَّضَ . (TA.) [See نَقَّضَ السَّقْفُ , in 1, next before the last break.] You say also, تنقّضت عِظَامُهُ His bones made a sound [app. in being broken]. (IF, K, TA.) [See also 4.]
Form 6تناقض3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — they contradicted each other; it was self-contradictorygenerated

6.1

See form 8.

6.1.1figurative · مجازmutual contradiction, or inconsistency—تَنَاقُضٌ

The opposite of تَوَافُقٌ.

in his speech there is contradiction between different parts—فِى كَلَامِهِ تَنَاقُضٌ

One part of his speech necessarily implies the annulment of another; his second saying contradicted his first.

the two sayings, or sentences, contradicted each other, as though each undid the other—تَنَاقَضَ القَوْلَانِ

Also الكَلَامَانِ.

the two poets contradicted each other—تناقض الشَّاعِرَانِ
its meaning was contradictory—تناقض مَعْنَاهُ
6.2figurative · مجاز — inferredthey two mutually dissolved the sale—تَنَاقَضَا البَيْعَ

[It is also used transitively.]

As though compared with the saying تَرَآءَوُا الهِلَالَ, meaning "they saw the new moon together"; and تَدَاعَوُا القَوْمَ, "they called the people together"; and تَسَآءَلُوهُمْ, "they asked them together" — even though تناقض is properly intransitive.

they mutually dissolved, or broke, their compacts, contracts, or covenants—تَنَاقَضُوا عُهُودَهُمْ

T, under تناكثوا.

Show Lane's original text
: see 8. تَنَاقُضٌ also signifies Mutual contradiction, or repugnancy; contr. of تَوَافُقٌ . (O, TA.) You say, فِى كَلَامِهِ تَنَاقُضٌ (A, Mgh, Msb, TA,) [In his speech is contradiction, or repugnancy, between different parts;] one part of his speech necessarily implies the annulment of another part; (Msb;) his second saying contradicted ( نَاقَضَ ) his first. (TA.) And تَنَاقَضَ القَوْلَانِ , (A, Mgh,) or الكَلَامَانِ , (Msb,) The two saying, or sentences, contradicted each other; or were mutually repugnant; as though each undid the other; (Msb;) [they annulled each other.] And تناقض الشَّاعِرَانِ [The two poets contradicted each other.] (A, TA.) And تناقض مَعْنَاهُ Its meaning was contradictory. (S, * K, TA.) [It is also used transitively:] you say, تَنَاقَضَا البَيْعَ They two mutually dissolved the sale: as though compared with the saying تَرَآءَوُا الهِلَالَ , meaning “ they [together] saw the new moon; ” and تَدَاعَوُا القَوْمَ , meaning “ they [together] called the people; ” and تَسَآءَلُوهُمْ , meaning “ they [together] asked them; ” notwithstanding that تناقض is [properly] intransitive. (Mgh.) And تَنَاقَضُوا عُهُودَهُمْ [They mutually dissolved, or broke, their compacts, contracts, or covenants]. (T, voce تناكثوا .)
Form 8انتقض2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — it became undone, untwisted, or broken; it broke out againgenerated

8.1figurative · مجاز

Quasi-passive of نَقَضَهُ: it became undone, taken or pulled to pieces, untwisted, unravelled, unwoven, dissolved, or broken; or it became loose and unsound after having been made firm.

Also تنقّض and تناقض. [On the first and last of these, see the remark on a mistake in the K following the first sentence of form 1; but انتقض afterwards occurs in the K used properly in the phrase مَا ٱنْتَقَضَ مِنَ البُنْيَانِ.]

The same as اِنْتَكثَ; said of a building or structure, of a rope or cord, [of silk or flax, and of cloth (see form 1),] of a compact, contract, or covenant, [of a sale (see form 1),] and of other things.

8.1.1figurative · مجازthe wound, or ulcer, broke out again—انتقضت القَرْحَةُ
the wound became bad, or corrupt, after its healing—انتقض الجُرْحُ بَعْدَ بُرْئِهِ
the affair, or case, became unsound after having been sound—انتقض الأَمْرُ بَعْدَ ٱلْتِئَامِهِ
the state of the place through which an enemy's invasion was feared became unfortified, after being fortified or closed—انتقض أَمْرُ الثَّغْرِ بَعْدَ سَدِّهِ
the state of purity became annulled—انتقضت الطَّهَارَةُ
the poetry was undone, annulled, or contradicted by a reply against him—انتقض عَلَيْهِ الشِّعْرُ

[See يَنْقُضُ عَلَيْهِ.]

Show Lane's original text
quasi-pass. of نَقَضَهُ [It became undone; taken, or pulled to pieces: untwisted: unravelled: unwoven: dissolved; broken: or rendered uncompact, unsound, or infirm, after it had been made compact, sound, or firm]: (M, A, Mgh, Msb, TA:) as also تنقّض , (A,) and تناقض : (M, TA:) [respecting the first and last, see a remark upon a mistake in the K, following the first sentence in 1: but انتقض afterwards occurs in the K used properly in the phrase مَا ٱنْتَقَضَ مِنَ البُنْيَانِ :] i. q. اِنْتَكثَ : (S:) said of a building, or structure: and of a rope, or cord: (A, Mgh, Msb, TA:) [and of silk, or flax: and of cloth: (see 1:)] and of a compact, contract, or covenant: (TA:) [and of a sale: (see 1:)] and of other things. (A, TA.) [Hence,] انتقضت القَرْحَةُ The wound, or ulcer, became recrudescent. (IF, * A.) And انتقض الجُرْحُ بَعْدَ بُرْئِهِ The wound became in a bad, or corrupt, state, after its healing. (Msb.) And انتقض الأَمْرُ بَعْدَ ٱلْتِئَامِهِ (A, * Msb, TA) The affair, or case, became in a bad, or unsound state, after it had been in a sound state. (Msb.) And انتقض أَمْرُ الثَّغْرِ بَعْدَ سَدِّهِ [The state of the place through which the invasion of an enemy was feared became unfortified, after its being fortified, or closed]. (TA.) And انتقضت الطَّهَارَةُ The state of purity became annulled. (Msb.) And انتقض عَلَيْهِ الشِّعْرُ [The poetry became undone, annulled, or contradicted, by a reply against him: see يَنْقُضُ عَلَيْهِ ]. (A, TA.)
Form 11انقاضّ1 sense

Core sense — it cracked without falling down, said of a wallgenerated

11.1

Said of a wall: it cracked, without falling down; like إِنْقَضَّ.

See also إِنْقَاضَ in art. قيض.

Show Lane's original text
It (a wall) cracked, without falling down; like إِنْقَضَّ . (K in art. قض .) See also إِنْقَاضَ , in art. قيض .]

Derived nouns 9

Nounنُقْضٌ1 sense

Core sense — what has been undone, or pulled to piecesgenerated

1

See نِقْضٌ, in two places.

Show Lane's original text
: see نِقْضٌ , in two places.
Nounنِقْضٌ6 senses · 2 main

Core sense — undone, pulled to pieces; worn out by travel; the crust of earth over trufflesgenerated

1undone, pulled to pieces, untwisted, unravelled, unwoven, dissolved, broken—مَنْقُوضٌ

Like نِكْثٌ in the sense of مَنْكُوثٌ; also نُقْضٌ and نَقَضٌ, but El-Ghooree allows only the first, while Az mentions only the second.

It is used as above of a building or structure; or of what has been taken, or pulled, to pieces of a building or structure, and so is the first form. Or نَقْضٌ means مَا نَقَضْتَ, what you have undone, taken or pulled to pieces, untwisted, and the like.

Also what is undone of the tent-stuff called أَخْبِيَة and of the garments called أَكْسِيَة, and then twisted a second time; also نَقَضٌ and نُقَاضَةٌ, or this last is what is undone of a hair-rope.

The plural of نِقْضٌ is أَنْقَاضٌ [a plural of paucity], and of the same, or of نُقْضٌ, نُقُوضٌ.

1.1figurative · مجازemaciated by travel, said of a female camel—نِقْضَةٌ

Emaciated, or made lean, by travel; on which one has journeyed time after time. Applied to a male camel, to a horse, and to a female camel.

Seer says: as though travel had unknit its frame — showing the use to be figurative.

The plural is أَنْقَاضٌ only, both of the masculine and of the feminine; in the feminine the ة is imagined to be elided.

نَقَائِضُ is also said to be a plural of نِقْضٌ, meaning jaded, applied to a she-camel.

1.2

[See an example in a verse cited under سَدٌّ.]

1.3

The place, or crust of earth, that becomes broken from over truffles; for when they are about to come forth, they break apart the surface of the earth.

Plural [of paucity] أَنْقَاضٌ, and [of multitude] نُقُوضٌ.

1.4

According to the K, the same as نِفْضٌ, but the latter is a mistranscription.

Honey that has in it [worms of the kind called] سُوس, for which reason it is taken and pounded, and the place of the bees is smeared with it (يُلَطَّخُ [in one copy of the M يُطْبَخُ, which is doubtless a mistranscription]), together with myrtle; the bees then come to it and deposit their honey in it. On the authority of El-Hejeree.

Or the dung of bees in the place where they deposit their honey; or the bees that have died there.

2

See also نَقِيضٌ.

Show Lane's original text
i. q. مَنْقُوضٌ [Undone; taken, or pulled, to pieces: untwisted: unravelled: unwoven: dissolved; broken: &c. (see 1:)] (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) like نِكْثٌ (S, TA) in the sense of مَنْكُوثٌ : (TA:) as also نُقْضٌ ; (Mgh, Msb;) and نَقَضٌ : (Sgh:) but El-Ghooree allows only the first: (Mgh:) Az, however, mentions only the second; (Msb;) which signifies as above, applied to a building, or structure; (M, Mgh;) or what has become taken, or pulled, to pieces, ( مَا ٱنْتَقَضَ ,) of a building, or structure; (K;) as also the first: (TA:) or نَقْضٌ signifies مَا نَقَضْتَ what thou hast undone; taken, or pulled, to pieces; untwisted; &c.]: (M:) and what is undone, of [the stuff of the tents called] أَخْبِيَة , and of [the garments called] أَكْسِيَة , and twisted a second time; (M, K;) as also نَقَضٌ ; (K;) and نُقَاضَةٌ : (L:) or this last signifies what is undone of a hair-rope: (S, O, K:) the pl. of نِقْضٌ is أَنْقَاضٌ [a pl. of pauc.], (M,) and of the same, (Msb,) or of نُقْضٌ , (Mgh, Msb,) نُقُوضٌ . (Mgh, Msb.) Emaciated, or rendered lean, (S, M, K,) by travel; (S, K;) upon which one has journeyed time after time: (O:) Seer says, as though travel had unknit its frame; (M, TA;) thus indicating it to be tropical: (TA:) applied to a male camel, (S, M, K,) and to a horse, (M.) and to a female camel, (S, K,) or the female is termed نِقْضَةٌ : (M, K:) pl. أَنْقَاضٌ , (Sb, S, K,) only, (Sb, M,) both of the masc. and fem.; in the latter, the ة being imagined to be elided; (M;) and نَقَائِضُ is [also said to be] a pl. of نِقْضٌ signifying jaded, applied to a she-camel. (So in a copy of the S in art. نفص .) [See an ex. in a verse cited voce سَدٌّ .] The place, (S,) or crust of earth, (M, K,) that becomes broken from over truffles; (S, M, K;) for when they are about to come forth, they break asunder the surface of the earth: (O:) pl. [of pauc.] أَنْقَاضٌ and [of mult.] نُقُوضٌ . (M, K.) Accord. to the K, i. q. نِفْضٌ ; but the latter is a mistranscription; (TA;) Honey that has in it [worms of the kind called] سُوس ; wherefore it is taken, (M, K in art. نفض ,) and pounded, (K, ubi supra,) and the place of the bees is smeared ( يُلَطَّخُ [in a copy of the M يُطْبَخُ , which is doubtless a mistranscription,]) therewith, together with myrtle ( آس ) and the bees then come to it, and deposit their honey in it; (M, K, ubi supra;) on the authority of El-Hejeree: (M:) or the dung of bees in the place where they deposit their honey: (IAar, AHn, K, ubi supra:) or the bees that have died therein. (Sgh, K, ubi supra.) See also نَقِيضٌ .
Nounنَقَضٌ1 sense

Core sense — what is undone, or pulled to piecesgenerated

1

See نِقْضٌ, in two places.

Show Lane's original text
: see نِقْضٌ , in two places.
Nounنَقِيضٌ2 senses

Core sense — a contradictor, the contrary of a thing; a sound, or crygenerated

1figurative · مجازthis is a contradictor, that is, the contrary, of that—ذَا نقيضُ ذَاكَ

A contradictor, applied to a man; feminine with ة.

[Or this is inconsistent with that, for] النَّقِيضَانِ لَا يَجْتَمِعَانِ وَلَا يَرْتَفِعَانِ [what are termed نقيضان cannot exist together in the same thing, nor be absent together from it]; as existence and nonexistence, or motion and rest.

this poem is a contradictor of the poem of such a one—هٰذِهِ قَصِيدَةٌ نَقِيضُ قَصِيدَةِ فُلَانٍ

النَّقِيضَةُ in poetry is that by which one undoes, annuls, or contradicts what another poet has said; or نَقِيضَةُ الشِّعْرِ consists in a poet's putting forth poetry and another poet's undoing, annulling, or contradicting it by putting forth something different.

The noun is نَقِيضٌ [or rather this seems to be an adjective in which the quality of a noun is predominant, and synonymous with نَقِيضَةٌ], and the act of the two is termed مُنَاقَضَةٌ.

The plural of نَقِيضَةٌ is نَقَائِضُ; one speaks of the نَقَائِض of Jereer and El-Farezdak.

2

A sound, noise, voice, or cry; also نِقْضٌ according to the K, but this is an enormous error.

Said of the joints of a man [a meaning also assigned to نِقْضٌ in the K], of the fingers, of the ribs, of camels' saddles, or of a camel's saddle, (M, O, K; [but in the CK, for الرَّحْل we find الرِّجْل, the foot,]) of camels' litters, of tanned skins, or of a tanned skin, of a bow-string, of نِسْع when new, and of the sucking of a cupping-instrument. [In all these senses said in the TA to be figurative; but see form 4.]

And also, given in the K erroneously as the other word, of an eagle, of chickens, of an ostrich, of a quail, of a hawk, of a scorpion, of a frog, of the kind of lizard called وَزَغ, and of the وَبْر [or Syrian hyrax; see form 4].

Show Lane's original text
A contradictor: applied to a man: fem. with ة . (M, TA.) You say [also], ذَا نقيضُ ذَاكَ This is a contradictor [i. e. the contrary] of that: (A, TA:) [or this is inconsistent with that: for] النَّقِيضَانِ لَا يَجْتَمِعَانِ وَلَا يَرْتَفِعَانِ [what are termed نقيضان cannot be coëxistent in the same thing, nor simultaneously nonexistent in the same thing]; as existence itself and nonexistence, and motion and rest. (Kull, pp. 231, 232) You say also, هٰذِهِ قَصِيدَةٌ نَقِيضُ قَصِيدَةِ فُلَانٍ [This poem is a contradictor of the poem of such a one]. (A.) And النَّقِيضَةُ in poetry is That by which one undoes or annuls or contradicts [what another poet has said]: (S:) or نَقِيضَةُ الشِّعْرِ consists in a poet's putting forth poetry, and another poet's undoing or annulling or contradicting it, by putting forth what is different therefrom: (Lth, K, * TA:) the subst is نَقِيضٌ : [or rather this seems to be an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant, and syn. with نَقِيضَةٌ :] and the act of the two is termed مُنَاقَضَةٌ : the pl. of نَقِيضَةٌ is نَقَائِضُ : (TA:) you speak of the نَقَائِض of Jereer and El-Farezdak. (A, TA.) A sound, noise, voice, or cry; (Lth, S, M, O, K:) as also نِقْضٌ accord to the K; but this is an enormous error: (TA:) the former, of the joints (Lth, M, K) of a man, (M,) [a meaning also assigned to نِقْضٌ in the K,] and of the fingers, and of the ribs, (Lth, M, A,) and of camels' saddles, (S, K,) or of a camel's saddle, (M, O, K, [but in CK, for الرَّحْل , we find الرِّجْل , the foot,]) and of camels' litters, (S, K,) and of tanned skins, (K,) or of a tanned skin, (M,) and of a bow-string, (M, K,) and of نِسْع [q. v.] (O, K,) when new, (O,) and of the sucking of a cupping-instrument; (K;) [in all these senses said in the TA to be tropical; but see 4;] and also the former, (S, M, TA,) in the K, erroneously, the latter word, (TA,) of an eagle, (S, M, K,) and of chickens, and of an ostrich, and of a quail, and of a hawk, and of a scorpion, and of a frog, and of the [kind of lizard called] وَزَغ , and of the وَبْر [or Syrian hyrax; &c., see 4] (M,)
Nounنُقَاضَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — what is undone of a rope, or of clothgenerated

1

See نِقْضٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see نِقْضٌ .
Nounنَقِيضَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a poem answering and contradicting another poemgenerated

1

See نَقِيضٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see نَقِيضٌ .
Nounمَنْقُوضٌ1 sense

Core sense — undone, pulled to pieces, untwistedgenerated

1

See نِقْضٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see نِقْضٌ .
Nounمُنَاقَضَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — contradiction, contending with another in wordsgenerated

1

See نَقِيَضٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see نَقِيَضٌ .
Nounمُنْتقِضٌ1 sense

Core sense — refraininggenerated

1

The same as مُترَيِّعٌ [refraining]. See art. ريع.

Show Lane's original text
i. q. مُترَيِّعٌ , [Refraining.] see art. ريع .