نقص

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Form 1نَقَصَ4 senses · 2 main

muḍāriʿـُيَفْعُلُmaṣdarنُقْصَانٌ نَقْصٌ

Core sense — it decreased, became defective; he diminished it; he deprived him of his duegenerated

1.1two months of festival are not defective virtually, though they be defective in number [of days]—شَهْرَا عِيدٍ لَا يَنْقُصَانِ

or only the former of these two, the latter being the maṣdar of the transitive verb; also نَقِيصَةٌ and تَنْقَاصٌ [which last is an intensive form]. Said of a thing, intransitive: it lost something, decreased, diminished, wasted, waned, or became defective or incomplete, after having been whole or complete: or he, or it, suffered loss or diminution in respect of lot or portion.

انتقص means the same, and so does تنقّص, and so does تناقص [or this last means it lost something, decreased, and so on, gradually; the opposite of تزايد].

From a tradition; i.e. Ramaḍān and Dhu-l-Ḥijjeh. Virtually: فِى الحُكْمِ. That is, let no doubt arise in your hearts when you fast twenty-nine days [instead of thirty]; nor, if a mistake happens about the day of the pilgrimage, will there be any deficiency in your performance of its rites.

[the deed that is done on the tenth of Dhu-l-Ḥijjeh — its recompense will not fall short of that which is in the month of Ramaḍān]—إِنَّ العَمَلَ فِى عَشْرِ ذِى الحِجَّةِ لَا يَنْقُصُ ثَوَابُهُ عَمَّا فِى شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ

Some say the meaning is that two months of festival will not be defective in one and the same year, but Eṭ-Ṭaḥāwee disapproves of this explanation. Others say the meaning is that, though they be defective, or one of them be so, their recompense will be complete.

نَقَصَ عَنْ كَذَا means it fell short of such a thing.

On the expression فِى النُّقْصَانِ as used in grammar, see غَفِيرٌ.

1.2he made it lose something, decreased it, curtailed it, impaired it, made it defective or incomplete, after it had been whole—نَقَصَهُ

and according to some تَنْقَاصٌ and نُقْصَانٌ also, though this last is said to be a maṣdar of the intransitive verb only.

He made a share, or portion, defective or deficient. The pronoun often relates to a man: see an example in art. ضوز and another in art. وكس.

This is the [most] chaste form of the verb, and is the one that occurs in the Qur'ān.

انقصهُ means the same, and so does نقّصهُ, maṣdar تَنْقِيصٌ, but these two are of weak authority and do not occur in chaste language. انتقصهُ also means the same; or it means he took from it little by little, as does تنقّصهُ.

This last remark is plainly made of both of these two verbs by some, but by others it seems rather to be made of تنقّصه only.

See an example of the verb followed by من under طَرَفٌ.

he cut off such a thing from it—نَقَصَ مِنْهُ كَذَا

1.2.1he diminished, or impaired, his right, or due, to him—نَقَصَهُ حَقَّهُ

نَقَصَ is doubly transitive.

he made him suffer loss in respect of it; he curtailed, deprived, or defrauded him of a portion of it—انتقصهُ حَقَّهُ

The opposite of أَوْفَاهُ.

It also means he deprived or defrauded him of it altogether; for نَقَصَهُ أَهْلَهُ وَمَالَهُ sometimes means he deprived him of his family and his property altogether, as the following example shows.

he was deprived of his family and his property, and remained alone—نُقِصَ أَهْلَهُ وَمَالَهُ وَبَقِىَ فَرْدًا

In art. وتر.

اِنْتِقَاصُ الحَقِّ also means the denying, or refusing to acknowledge, of a right or due.

1.2.2

See also form 5.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1 4 shown of 7

13:41

أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا۟ أَنَّا نَأْتِى ٱلْأَرْضَ نَنقُصُهَا مِنْ أَطْرَافِهَا ۚ وَٱللَّهُ يَحْكُمُ لَا مُعَقِّبَ لِحُكْمِهِۦ ۚ وَهُوَ سَرِيعُ ٱلْحِسَابِ

See they not that We gradually reduce the land (in their control) from its outlying borders? (Where) Allah commands, there is none to put back His Command: and He is swift in calling to account.

21:44

بَلْ مَتَّعْنَا هَـٰٓؤُلَآءِ وَءَابَآءَهُمْ حَتَّىٰ طَالَ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْعُمُرُ ۗ أَفَلَا يَرَوْنَ أَنَّا نَأْتِى ٱلْأَرْضَ نَنقُصُهَا مِنْ أَطْرَافِهَآ ۚ أَفَهُمُ ٱلْغَـٰلِبُونَ

Nay, We gave the good things of this life to these men and their fathers until the period grew long for them; See they not that We gradually reduce the land (in their control) from its outlying borders? Is it then they who will win?

50:4

قَدْ عَلِمْنَا مَا تَنقُصُ ٱلْأَرْضُ مِنْهُمْ ۖ وَعِندَنَا كِتَـٰبٌ حَفِيظٌۢ

We already know how much of them the earth takes away: With Us is a record guarding (the full account).

73:3

نِّصْفَهُۥٓ أَوِ ٱنقُصْ مِنْهُ قَلِيلًا

Half of it,- or a little less,

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. نَقُصَ , (M, Msb,) inf. n. نُقْصَانٌ (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and نَقْصٌ , (S, M, A, Msb, K,) or the former of these two only, the latter being the inf. n. of the trans. verb, (MS,) and نَقِيصَةٌ (M) and تَنْقَاصٌ , (K,) [which last is an intensive form,] said of a thing, (S, M,) intrans., (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) It lost somewhat, decreased, diminished, lessened, wasted, waned, or became defective or deficient or incomplete or imperfect, after having been whole or complete or perfect: (IKtt, Msb, TA:) or he, or it, lost, or suffered loss or diminution, (A, K,) with respect to lot or portion: (K:) and انتقص signifies the same; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) and so does تنقّص ; (TK, [probably from the TA,] art. أَفن ;) and so does تناقص : (TA:) [or this last signifies it lost somewhat, decreased, &c., gradually; contr. of تزايد .] It is said in a trad., (Mgh,) شَهْرَا عِيدٍ لَا يَنْقُصَانِ , (Mgh, K,) i. e. Ramadán and Dhu-l-Hijjeh, (Mgh,) meaning, Two months of festival are not defective virtually ( فِى الحُكْمِ ) though they be defective in number [of days]; (K;) i. e. let no doubt occur in your hearts when ye fast nine and twenty days [instead of thirty]; nor if there happen a mistake respecting the day of the pilgrimage, will there be any deficiency in your performance of the rites thereof: (TA:) or, as some say, two months of festival will not be defective in one and the same year; but Et- Taháwee disapproves of this explanation: some say that the meaning is, that though they be defective, or one of them be so, yet their recompense will be complete. (Mgh.) It is also said in a trad., إِنَّ العَمَلَ فِى عَشْرِ ذِى الحِجَّةِ لَا يَنْقُصُ ثَوَابُهُ عَمَّا فِى شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ [Verily the deed that is done on the tenth of Dhu-l-Hijjeh, the recompense thereof will not fall short of that which is in the month of Ramadán: for نَقَصَ عَنْ كَذَا means It fell short of such a thing.] (Mgh.) [On the expression فِى النُّقْصَانِ , as used in grammar, see غَفِيرٌ .] نَقَصَهُ , (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. نَقُصَ , (Msb,) inf. n. نَقْصٌ , (MS,) [and accord. to the TK تَنْقَاصٌ and نُقْصَانٌ also, which last, however, is said in the MS to be an inf. n. of the intrans. verb only,] He made it to lose somewhat, decreased it, diminished it, curtailed it, lessened it, wasted it, impaired it, took from it, or made it defective or deficient or incomplete or imperfect, after it had been whole or complete or perfect; (Msb;) he made it (i. e. a share, or portion) defective or deficient: (K:) [the pronoun often relates to a man: see an ex. in art. ضوز , and another in art. وكس :] this is the [most] chaste form of the verb, and is that which occurs in the Kur.: (Msb:) انقصهُ also signifies the same; (M, Msb, K;) and so does نقّصهُ , (Msb, K,) inf. n. تَنْقِيصٌ : (TA:) but these two are of weak authority, and do not occur in chaste language: (Msb:) and انتقصهُ signifies the same: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) or this last signifies he took from it by little and little; as also تنقّصهُ . (M, * TA [in the latter of which this is plainly said of both of the last two verbs; but in the M, it seems rather to be said of تنقّصه only.]) [See an ex. of the verb followed by من voce طَرَفٌ . You say also, نَقَصَ مِنْهُ كَذَا He cut off from it such a thing.] نَقَصَ is doubly trans.: (Msb:) you say نَقَصَهُ حَقَّهُ , (A, Mgh, Msb, TA,) inf. n. نَقْصٌ ; (A, Mgh;) and in like manner, انتقصهُ حَقَّهُ ; (M, A, * Mgh, * TA; *) He diminished, or impaired, to him his right, or due; endamaged him; or made him to suffer loss, or damage, or detriment, in respect of it; curtailed him, abridged him, deprived him, or defrauded him, of a portion of it; (Msb, * TA;) contr. of أَوْفَاهُ : (TA:) [and he abridged him, deprived him, or defrauded him, of it altogether; for نَقَصَهُ أَهْلَهُ وَمَالَهُ signifies sometimes He deprived him of his family and his property altogether: as appears from the following ex.:] نُقِصَ أَهْلَهُ وَمَالَهُ وَبَقِىَ فَرْدًا [He was deprived of his family and his property, and remained alone]. (T, art. وتر .) اِنْتِقَاصُ الحَقِّ also signifies The denying, or disacknowledging, the right, or due. (TA.) See also 5.

Form 2نَقَّصَ1 sense

Core sense — he diminished it, he lessened itgenerated

2.1

See نَقَصَهُ.

Show Lane's original text

see نَقَصَهُ .

Form 4أَنْقَصَ1 sense

Core sense — he made it deficient, he diminished itgenerated

4.1

See نَقَصَهُ.

Show Lane's original text

see نَقَصَهُ .

Form 5تنقّص3 senses · 2 main

maṣdarنَقِيصَةٌ

Core sense — he attributed defect to him; he took from it little by littlegenerated

5.1

See نَقَصَ.

5.2

تنقّصهُ: see نَقَصَهُ.

5.2.1he imputed a vice or fault to him, censured him, reproached him, spoke against him, impugned his character—استنقصهُ

He attributed defect, or imperfection, to him; said of a man; as also انتقصهُ.

As also انتقصهُ.

And نَقَصَهُ means the same; for IKtt says that نقص [apparently نُقِصَ], means طعن عليه [apparently طُعِنَ عَلَيْهِ].

Show Lane's original text

: see نَقَصَ . تنقّصهُ : see نَقَصَهُ . He attributed to him defect, or imperfection; i. e. to a man; (M;) as also انتقصهُ , and استنقصهُ : (M, TA:) he attributed or imputed to him, charged him with, or accused him of, a vice, fault, or the like; detracted from his reputation; censured him; reproached him; spoke against him; impugned his character; (S, A, K;) as also انتقصهُ : (A:) [and نَقَصَهُ signifies the same; for] IKtt says, that نقص [app. نُقِصَ ], inf. n. نَقِيصَةٌ , signifies طعن عليه [app. طُعِنَ عَلَيْهِ ]. (TA.)

Form 6تَنَاْقَصَ1 sense

Core sense — it decreased gradually, it diminished little by littlegenerated

6.1

See نَقَصَ, where two meanings are assigned to it.

Show Lane's original text

see نَقَصَ , where two meanings are assigned to it.

Form 8انتقص3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — it decreased; he diminished it; he detracted from himgenerated

8.1

See نَقَصَ.

8.2

انتقصهُ: see نَقَصَهُ, in four places.

8.2.1

Derived nouns 6

Nounنَقْصٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — loss, decrease, deficiency; weakness of religion and intellectgenerated

See form 1.

1.1

Used as a noun: loss, or loss of something, decrease, a state of diminution or waning, defect, deficiency, incompleteness, or imperfection, after wholeness or completeness; as also نُقْصَانٌ; and مَنْقَصَةٌ means the same as نَقْص.

So rendered here, in agreement with the explanation of منقصة, which is كَمِىْ.

Or, by another account, مَنْقَصَةٌ seems to have the same meaning as نَقِيصَةٌ in the sense assigned to it in one place, or in certain senses assigned to it in another, given below; and so to be more restricted in application than نَقْصٌ.

1.2[there came upon him a weakness in his religion and his intellect]—دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ نَقْصٌ فِى دِينِهِ وَعَقْلِهِ

Weakness of intellect; and weakness with respect to religion and intellect.

But one should not say نُقْصَانٌ in this case: apparently because النَّقْص is “weakness,” whereas النُّقْصَانُ is only “a going away [of part of a thing] after [its having been in] a state of completeness.”

Qur’ānic occurrences نَقْص

2:155

وَلَنَبْلُوَنَّكُم بِشَىْءٍ مِّنَ ٱلْخَوْفِ وَٱلْجُوعِ وَنَقْصٍ مِّنَ ٱلْأَمْوَٰلِ وَٱلْأَنفُسِ وَٱلثَّمَرَٰتِ ۗ وَبَشِّرِ ٱلصَّـٰبِرِينَ

Be sure we shall test you with something of fear and hunger, some loss in goods or lives or the fruits (of your toil), but give glad tidings to those who patiently persevere,

7:130

وَلَقَدْ أَخَذْنَآ ءَالَ فِرْعَوْنَ بِٱلسِّنِينَ وَنَقْصٍ مِّنَ ٱلثَّمَرَٰتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَذَّكَّرُونَ

We punished the people of Pharaoh with years (of droughts) and shortness of crops; that they might receive admonition.

Show Lane's original text

: see 1. [Used as a subst., Loss, or loss of somewhat, decrease, a state of diminution or lessening or washing or waning, defect, defectiveness, deficiency, incompleteness, or imperfection, after wholeness or completeness, or perfectness; as also نُقْصَانٌ ; and مَنْقَصَةٌ signifies the same as نَقْص ] as here rendered, agreeably with the explanation (i. e. of منقصة ) in the PS., which is كَمِىْ : or, accord. to the A, مَنْقَصَةٌ seems to be syn. with نَقِيصَةٌ in the sense assigned to this last in the S, or in certain senses assigned to it in the K, which see below; and thus to be more restricted in application than نَقْصٌ ]. (S, TA.) Weakness of intellect: (M, TA:) and weakness with respect to religion and intellect. (TA.) You say, دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ نَقْصٌ فِى دِينِهِ وَعَقْلِهِ [There came upon him a weakness in his religion and his intellect]: but one should not say نُقْصَانٌ [in this case]: (K:) app. because النَّقْص is “ weakness; ” whereas النُّقْصَانُ is only “ a going away [of part of a thing] after [its having been in] a state of completeness. ” (TA.)

Nounنُقْصَانٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — loss, deficiency; the quantity lost of a thinggenerated

See form 1.

1.1

See also نَقْصٌ, in two places.

1.2the quantity gone, or lost, of it is such and such—نُقْصَانُهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا

It also means the quantity that is gone, or lost, of a thing that has been decreased or diminished.

Show Lane's original text

: see 1: see also نَقْصٌ , in two places. It also signifies The quantity that is gone, or lost, of a thing that is decreased or diminished or lessened. (Lth, A, K.) You say, نُقْصَانُهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا The quantity that is gone, or lost, of it is such and such. (TK.)

Nounنَقِيصَةٌ3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — a defect, a fault, a vice; the imputing of faults to mengenerated

See form 1.

1.1there is not in him any defect, imperfection, fault, or vice—مَا فِيهِ نَقِيصَةٌ

A defect, an imperfection, a fault, a vice, or the like; the same as عَيْبٌ. Or a low, or base, quality, property, natural disposition, practice, habit, or action, of a man; or a weak quality: but attributing weakness to a quality needs consideration, and it seems that what is meant by lowness, or baseness, is what leads to نَقْص.

مَنْقَصَةٌ also seems to have the same meaning as نَقِيصَةٌ in one or another of the senses explained above; but its primary meaning is probably a cause of نَقْص, just as that of مَبْخَلَةٌ is a cause of بُخْل, and that of مَجْبَنَةٌ a cause of جُبْن.

The plural of نَقِيصَةٌ is نَقَائِصُ, and that of مَنْقَصَةٌ is مَنَاقِصُ.

there is not in him any defect, imperfection, fault, or vice—مَنْقَصَةٌ

such a one has defects—فُلَانٌ ذُو نَقَائِصَ

such a one has defects—مَنَاقِصَ

As a noun from تَنَقَّصَهُ and اِنْتَقَصَهُ and اِسْتَنْقَصَهُ — or, according to IKtt, as a maṣdar from نُقِص, and so from نَقَصَهُ also (see form 5) — it means the attributing of defect, or imperfection, to a man; the imputing of vices or faults to men, censuring them, reproaching them, speaking against them, impugning their characters.

A poet says:

shāhid

فَلَوْ غَيْرُ أَخْوَالِى أَرَادُوا نَقِيصَتِىجَعَلْتُ لَهُمْ فَوْقَ العَرَانِينِ مِيسَمَا

[But if others than my maternal uncles had desired to attribute defect to me, I had set a brand upon them above the noses].

Show Lane's original text

: see 1. A defect, an imperfection, a fault, a vice, or the like; syn. عَيْبٌ : (S, TA:) or a low, or base, quality, property, natural disposition, practice, habit, or action; (K, TA;) of a man: (TA:) or a weak quality, &c.: (IDrd, K, TA:) but the attribution of weakness to a quality, &c., requires consideration: and it seems that what is meant by lowness, or baseness, is what leads to نَقْص : (TA:) [ مَنْقَصَةٌ , also, accord. to the A, seems to be syn. with نَقِيصَةٌ in one or another of the senses explained above; but its primary signification is probably a cause of نَقْص , like as that of مَبْخَلَةٌ is a cause of بُخْل , and that of مَجْبَنَةٌ a cause of جُبْن : the pl. of نَقِيصَةٌ is نَقَائِصُ : and that of مَنْقَصَةٌ is مَنَاقِصُ .] You say, مَا فِيهِ نَقِيصَةٌ and مَنْقَصَةٌ [There is not in him any defect, imperfection, fault, or vice, &c.]: and فُلَانٌ ذُو نَقَائِصَ and مَنَاقِصَ [Such a one has defects, &c.]. (A, TA.) As a subst. from تَنَقَّصَهُ and اِنْتَقَصَهُ and اِسْتَنْقَصَهُ , [or, accord. to IKtt, as an inf. n. from نُقِص , and therefore from نَقَصَهُ also, (see 5,)] it signifies The attributing to a man defect, or imperfection: (M:) the attributing or imputing to men, charging them with, or accusing them of, vices, faults, or the like; censuring them; reproaching them; speaking against them; impugning their characters. (K.) A poet says, 1 [But if others than my maternal uncles had desired to attribute to me defect, &c., I had set a brand upon them above the noses]. (M, TA.) فَلَوْ غَيْرُ أَخْوَالِى أَرَادُوا نَقِيصَتِى | جَعَلْتُ لَهُمْ فَوْقَ العَرَانِينِ مِيسَمَا

Nounنَاقِصٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — deficient, incomplete; a dirhem short in weightgenerated

Ism fāʿil of form 1.

1.1a dirhem deficient in weight; light and deficient—دِرْهَمٌ نَاقِضٌ

نُقَّصٌ occurs as a plural of ناقص so applied, in agreement with analogy.

1.2an incomplete, i.e. non-attributive, verb—فِعْلٌ نَاقِصٌ

Hence this use. Opposed to فِعْلٌ تَامٌّ.

Show Lane's original text

act. part. n. of 1. دِرْهَمٌ نَاقِضٌ signifies A dirhem deficient in weight; (Msb;) light and deficient: and نُقَّصٌ occurs as pl. of ناقص thus applied, agreeably with analogy. (Mgh.) [Hence, فِعْلٌ نَاقِصٌ meaning An incomplete, i. e. a non-attributive, verb: opposed to فِعْلٌ تَامٌّ .]

Nounمَنْقَصَةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a defect, a fault; a cause of deficiencygenerated

Plural مَنَاقِصُ. See نَقِيصَةٌ, in four places.

1.1

And see also نَقْصٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: pl. مَنَاقِصُ : see نَقِيصَةٌ , in four places: and see also نَقْصٌ .

Nounمَنْقُوصٌ1 sense

Core sense — diminished, made deficientgenerated

Ism mafʿūl of نَقَصَهُ.

Qur’ānic occurrences مَنقُوص

11:109

فَلَا تَكُ فِى مِرْيَةٍ مِّمَّا يَعْبُدُ هَـٰٓؤُلَآءِ ۚ مَا يَعْبُدُونَ إِلَّا كَمَا يَعْبُدُ ءَابَآؤُهُم مِّن قَبْلُ ۚ وَإِنَّا لَمُوَفُّوهُمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ غَيْرَ مَنقُوصٍ

Be not then in doubt as to what these men worship. They worship nothing but what their fathers worshipped before (them): but verily We shall pay them back (in full) their portion without (the least) abatement.

Show Lane's original text

pass. part. n. of نَقَصَهُ . (A, K.)