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نفر

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Form 1نَفَرَ11 senses · 1 main
muḍāriʿـِيَفْعِلُ·ـُيَفْعُلُmaṣdarنَفْرٌ نُفُورٌ نِفَارٌ إِنْفَارٌ

Core sense — he took fright and fled; he shrank from it; he went forth to wargenerated

1.1the beast took fright and ran away at random—نَفَرَتِ الدَّابَّةُ

Muḍāriʿ نَفِرَ and نَفُرَ; maṣdar نَفْرٌ and نَفَرَانٌ, or نُفُورٌ. Said of a wild animal, a gazelle, or another beast: he took fright and fled, or ran away at random; or he became unmanageable and went off at random; or he broke loose and went about here and there out of liveliness. Same as شَرَدَ, and also استنفر; and the same verb is used of a camel or of a beast. See the article شرد.

Muḍāriʿ نَفِرَ and نَفُرَ. Or it means the beast was impatient of a thing, [or shied at it,] and retired to a distance.

إِسْتِنْفَارٌ means the same as نُفُورٌ.

he fled, and went away, or aside, or to a distance—نَفَرَ

[and نُفُورٌ].

1.1.1figurative · مجازI shrank from this thing or affair; I was averse from it; I did not like it—نَفَرْتُ مِنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ

[Hence نَفَرَ, muḍāriʿ نَفِرَ and نَفُرَ, maṣdar نُفُورٌ, نِفَارٌ, نَفْرٌ and نَفِيرٌ, as used in the phrases that follow.]

[Such a one shrank, or was averse, from keeping company with such a one]—نَفَرَ فُلَانٌ مِنْ صُحْبَةِ فُلَانٍ
[The woman was averse from her husband; she shunned or avoided him]—نَفَرَتِ المَرْأَةُ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا
[It shunned, or was averse from, the truth]—تَنَفَّرَ عَنِ الحَقِّ

Said of a man's disposition.

1.1.2figurative · مجازexcept in aversion—إِلَّا نُفُورًا

In the Qur'ān [17:43 and 35:40].

نَفِيرٌ is like نُفُورٌ, and the noun is نَفَرٌ, with two fatḥas.

1.1.3the thing drew back, withdrew, or became remote from the thing—نَفَرَ الشَّىْءُ مِنَ الشَّىْءِ

[and نُفُورٌ]. See also Form 3.

1.1.4figurative · مجازit became swollen—نَفَرَ
a man, in his time, picked his teeth with reeds, and as a result his mouth became swollen—تَخَلَّلَ رَجُلٌ فِى زَمَانِهِ بِالقَصَبِ فَنَفَرَ فُوهُ
his eye became inflamed and swollen—نَفَرَتِ العَيْنُ

This use comes, I think, from the meaning above.

From a tradition of ʿOmar.

As though the flesh, disliking the disease, drew back from it and so became swollen.

Muḍāriʿ نَفِرَ and نَفُرَ. The same is said of other parts of the body.

the wound became swollen—نَفَرَ الجُرْحُ

Maṣdar as above. Or it became swollen after healing.

the skin became swollen, and the flesh drew back from it—نَفَرَ الجِلْدُ

on this sense [All these meanings seem to come from the first one in this article, and so do several others that follow.]

1.1.5I went to God out of fear, seeking protection—نَفَرْتُ إِلَى ٱللّٰهِ

.

1.1.6they became separated, or dispersed—نَفَرُوا

.

they became separated, or dispersed—نَفَرتْ

Said of camels.

Hence the proverb لَقِيتُهُ قَبْلَ كُلِّ صَيْحٍ وَنَفْرٍ, in which the last word is used figuratively; explained in the article صيح. [And غَضِبَ مِنْ غَيْرِ صَيْحٍ وَلَا نَفٍرْ, explained in the same article.]

1.1.7the pilgrims moved away from Minā—نَفَرَ الحَاجُّ مِنْ مِنًى

maṣdar نَفْرٌ, نَفَرٌ and نُفُورٌ [and نَفِيرٌ].

Hence يَوْمُ النَّفْرِ, النَّفَرِ, النَّفُورِ, النَّفِيرِ, لَيْلَةُ النَّفْرِ and النَّفَرِ [The day of, and the night immediately before, the moving away from Minā].

This is after the day called يَوْمُ القَرِّ [so, the 12th of Dhu-l-Ḥijjeh]. Or there are two days so called: يَوْمُ النَّفْرِ الأَوَّلُ is the day just mentioned, the second of the days called أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ, and يَوْمُ النَّفْر الاّخِرُ, or الثَّانِى, is the third of them. The order is this: يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ, then يَوْمُ القَرِّ, then يَوْمُ النَّفْر الأَوَّلُ, then يَوْمُ النَّفْرِ الآخِرُ.

1.1.8they went, or went away, to carry out the affair—نَفَرُوا فِى الأَمْرِ

Also لِلْأَمْرِ.; maṣdar نُفُورٌ, نِفارٌ, نَفِيرٌ and تنافروا.

they went, or went away, to fight—فِى القِتَالِ
they went forth to war against unbelievers or the like—نَقَرُوا

So in the Qur'ān, 9:82: وَقَالوا لَا تَنْفِرُوا فى الحرِّ قُلْ نَارٌ جَهَنَّمَ أَشَدٌ حَرَّا [And they said, Do not go forth to war against the unbelievers in the heat: say, The fire of hell is hotter]; and again in the same chapter, verse 39; and in 4:73.

they went forth to fight them—نَفَرُوا لَهُمْ
they hastened to the war—تَفَرُوا إِلى الحَرْب
1.1.9they aided and helped them—نَفَوُا مَعَهُ

Or: when asked to do so, they complied and went forth to aid.

they aided and helped them—أَنْفَرُوهُ

.

1.1.10

نَفرَبِنَا: see Form 2.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1 5 shown of 6
4:71
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ خُذُوا۟ حِذْرَكُمْ فَٱنفِرُوا۟ ثُبَاتٍ أَوِ ٱنفِرُوا۟ جَمِيعًا

O ye who believe! Take your precautions, and either go forth in parties or go forth all together.

9:39
إِلَّا تَنفِرُوا۟ يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا وَيَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْمًا غَيْرَكُمْ وَلَا تَضُرُّوهُ شَيْـًٔا ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ

Unless ye go forth, He will punish you with a grievous penalty, and put others in your place; but Him ye would not harm in the least. For Allah hath power over all things.

9:41
ٱنفِرُوا۟ خِفَافًا وَثِقَالًا وَجَـٰهِدُوا۟ بِأَمْوَٰلِكُمْ وَأَنفُسِكُمْ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ

Go ye forth, (whether equipped) lightly or heavily, and strive and struggle, with your goods and your persons, in the cause of Allah. That is best for you, if ye (but) knew.

9:81
فَرِحَ ٱلْمُخَلَّفُونَ بِمَقْعَدِهِمْ خِلَـٰفَ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ وَكَرِهُوٓا۟ أَن يُجَـٰهِدُوا۟ بِأَمْوَٰلِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَقَالُوا۟ لَا تَنفِرُوا۟ فِى ٱلْحَرِّ ۗ قُلْ نَارُ جَهَنَّمَ أَشَدُّ حَرًّا ۚ لَّوْ كَانُوا۟ يَفْقَهُونَ

Those who were left behind (in the Tabuk expedition) rejoiced in their inaction behind the back of the Messenger of Allah: they hated to strive and fight, with their goods and their persons, in the cause of Allah: they said, "Go not forth in the heat." Say, "The fire of Hell is fiercer in heat." If only they could understand!

9:122
وَمَا كَانَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ لِيَنفِرُوا۟ كَآفَّةً ۚ فَلَوْلَا نَفَرَ مِن كُلِّ فِرْقَةٍ مِّنْهُمْ طَآئِفَةٌ لِّيَتَفَقَّهُوا۟ فِى ٱلدِّينِ وَلِيُنذِرُوا۟ قَوْمَهُمْ إِذَا رَجَعُوٓا۟ إِلَيْهِمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَحْذَرُونَ

Nor should the Believers all go forth together: if a contingent from every expedition remained behind, they could devote themselves to studies in religion, and admonish the people when they return to them,- that thus they (may learn) to guard themselves (against evil).

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

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, (T, M, L, Msb, K,) aor. نَفِرَ , (T, M, K,) and نَفُرَ , (M, K,) inf. n. نَفْرٌ and نَفَرَانٌ (M, K) or نُفُورٌ , (Msb,) said of a wild animal, (T, Msb,) a gazelle, (M, K,) or other beast, (M,) He took fright, and fled, or ran away at random; or became refractory, and went away at random; or ran away, or broke loose, and went hither and thither by reason of his sprightliness; syn. شَرَدَ ; (M, K;) as also استنفر ; (T, Msb, K;) and so the former verb in speaking of a camel, or a beast: (L, art. شرد :) you say, نَفَرَتِ الدَّابَّةُ , (T, S, M, A, K,) aor. نَفِرَ and نَفُرَ , (T, S, M, K,) inf. n. نُفُورٌ and نِفَارٌ (T, S, M, A, K) and نَفْرٌ : (A:) or this signifies the beast was, or became, impatient (A, K, TA) of or at a thing, (TA,) [or shied at it,] and retired to a distance; (A, K, TA;) and إِسْتِنْفَارٌ signifies the same as نُفُورٌ : (S:) or نَفَرَ , inf. n. نِفَارٌ [and نُفُورٌ ], signifies he fled, and went away or aside or apart or to a distance. (M.) [Hence, نَفَرَ , aor. نَفِرَ and نَفُرَ , inf. n. نُفُورٌ and نِفَارٌ and نَفْرٌ and نَفِيرٌ , as used in the following phrases.] نَفَرْتُ مِنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ I shrank from this thing or affair; was averse from it; did not like or approve it. And نَفَرَ فُلَانٌ مِنْ صُحْبَةِ فُلَانٍ [Such a one shrank, or was averse, from the companionship of, or the associating with, such a one]. And نَفَرَتِ المَرْأَةُ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا [The woman was averse from her husband; or shunned or avoided him]. (All from the A.) And you say of a man's disposition, تَنَفَّرَ عَنِ الحَقِّ [It shunned, or was averse from, the truth] (Bd, lxvii. 21.) إِلَّا نُفُورًا , in the Kur, [xvii. 43, and xxxv. 40,] means Save in aversion and نَفِيرٌ is like نُفُورٌ : and the subst. is نَفَرٌ , with two fet-hahs. (Msb) نَفَرَ الشَّىْءُ مِنَ الشَّىْءِ inf. n. نِفَارٌ [and نُفُورٌ ], The thing receded, withdrew, removed, or became remote or aloof, from the thing. (A'Obeyd, T, S.) [See also 3.] Hence it is, I think, that نَفَرَ is used as signifying It became swollen, in the following words of a trad. of 'Omar: تَخَلَّلَ رَجُلٌ فِى زَمَانِهِ بِالقَصَبِ فَنَفَرَ فُوهُ A man, in his time, picked his teeth with reeds, and in consequence his mouth became swollen: as though the flesh, disliking the disease, receded from it, and so became swollen. (A'Obeyd, T, S. *) You say also, نَفَرَتِ العَيْنُ , aor. نَفِرَ and نَفُرَ , inf. n. نُفُورٌ . His eye became inflamed and swollen: and so you say of other parts of the person. (M, K. *) And نَفَرَ الجُرْحُ , inf. n. as above, The wound became swollen: (T, Msb:) or it became so after healing. (W, i. 42.) And نَفَرَ الجِلْدُ The skin became swollen, (S, A,) and the flesh receded from it. (A.) [All these significations seem to be derived from the first in this art.: and so several others which follow.] نَفَرْتُ إِلَى ٱللّٰهِ , inf. n. نِفَارٌ , I betook myself to God by reason of fear, seeking protection. (IKtt) نَفَرُوا , (Msb,) inf. n. نَفْرٌ , (M, Msb, K,) They became separated, or dispersed: (M, * Msb, K: *) and so نَفَرتْ , said of camels. (TA.) Hence, (M,) the saying, لَقِيتُهُ قَبْلَ كُلِّ صَيْحٍ وَنَفْرٍ , (S, M, A.) a proverb, in which the last word is used tropically; (A;) explained in art. صيح , q. v. (S.) [And غَضِبَ مِنْ غَيْرِ صَيْحٍ وَلَا نَفٍرْ ; explained in the same art.] نَفَرَ الحَاجُّ مِنْ مِنًى , (M, Msb, K,) aor. نَفِرَ , (S, M, K,) inf. n. نَفْرٌ (M, Msb, K) and نَفَرٌ (M) and نُفُورٌ (K) [and نَفِيرٌ ], The pilgrims removed from Minè. (Msb.) Hence, يَوْمُ النَّفْرِ , and النَّفَرِ , and النَّفُورِ , and النَّفِيرِ , (S, M, K,) and لَيْلَةُ النَّفْرِ , (S, TA,) and النَّفَرِ , (TA,) [The day of, and the night immediately preceding, the removing from Minè]; after the day called يَوْمُ القَرِّ : (S;) [therefore. the twelfth of Dhu-l-Hijjeh:] or there are two days thus called: (Msb:) يَوْمُ النَّفْرِ الأَوَّلُ is [the day above mentioned,] the second of the days called أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ ; (IAth, Msb;) and يَوْمُ النَّفْر الاّخِرُ , (IAth,) or الثَّانِى , (Msb,) is the third thereof: (IAth, Msb:) the order is this; يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ , then يَوْمُ القَرِّ , then يَوْمُ النَّفْر الأَوَّلُ then يَوْمُ النَّفْرِ الآخِرُ . (T, L) نَفَرُوا فِى الأَمْرِ , (S, M.) or لِلْأَمْرِ , (K,) aor. نَفِرَ , (M, K.) inf. n. نُفُورٌ (S, M, K) and نِفارٌ (M, K) and نَفِيرٌ ; (Zj, M, K;) and تنافروا ; (M, K;) They went, or went away, to execute the affair: (M, K:) and in like manner, فِى القِتَالِ to fight. (M.) And نَقَرُوا , alone, They went forth to war against unbelievers or the like. So in the Kur, is 82. وَقَالوا لَا تَنْفِرُوا فى الحرِّ قُلْ نَارٌ جَهَنَّمَ أَشَدٌ حَرَّا [And they said, Go not ye forth to war against the unbelievers in the heat: say, The fire of hell is hotter]: and so in the same chap. v. 39: (Jel:) and in the same book, iv. 73. (Bd.) You say also, نَفَرُوا لَهُمْ They went forth to fight them. (TA, from a trad.) And تَفَرُوا إِلى الحَرْب They hastened to the war, or to war. (Msb.) [Hence,] نَفَوُا مَعَهُ ; and أَنْفَرُوهُ , (M, K,) inf. n. إِنْفَارٌ ; (TA;) They aided and succoured them: (M, K:) or the former verb, alone, they, being asked to do so, complied, and went forth to aid. (TA.) نَفرَبِنَا : see 2.
Form 2نَفّر3 senses · 1 main
maṣdarتَنْفيرٌ تَسنْفِيرٌ

Core sense — he made it take fright and flee, he scared it awaygenerated

2.1and the polytheists made her camel take fright and run away at random with her, so that she fell—فَأَنْفَرَ بِهَا المُشْرِكُونَ بَعِيرَهَا حَتَّى سَقَطَتْ

Maṣdar تَنْفيرٌ, انفر and اشتنفر. He made wild animals (or, an antelope; or, a beast of carriage) take fright and flee, or run away at random; or he made a beast of carriage impatient, so that it retired to a distance; or he scared it away, making it flee and go off to a distance (so according to an explanation of the intransitive verb from which it comes).

One says نَفَّرْتُهُ, اِسْتَنْفَرْتُهُ and أَنْفَرُتُهُ; and in the same way نَفَّرَ عَنْهُ and أَنْفَرَ عَنْهُ [meaning, he scared away, or made to take fright and flee, from him or it].

الإِنْفَارُ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ, التَّنْفِيرُ عَنْهُ and الاِسْتِنْفَارُ all mean the same, [that is, the scaring away from a thing.]

our camels were scared away with us, taking fright and running away at random—أُنْفِرَبِنَا

[Or نُفَّرَبِنَا:] or, we were made people whose camels took fright and ran away at random with us.

our camels were scared away with us, taking fright and running away at random—نُفِرَبِنَا

From a tradition about Zeyneb, the daughter of Moḥammad.

the chiding of camels, or sheep or goats, and driving them from the pasturage—تَنْفِيرٌ
2.1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred[Cheer people by what you say, and] do not meet them with [roughness and violence and] what will drive them away—بَشِّروا وَلا تُنَفِّرُوا

That is, what will drive them to نُفُور [flight or aversion]. See the ism fāʿil, below.

2.1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredgive him a nickname, or a name that is disliked—نَفِّرْ عَنْهُ

. The name is a لَقَب [that is, a nickname or name of reproach], or a لَقب that is disliked.

As though they held such a name to be تَسْفِيرٌ لِلْجِنِّ وَالعَيْنِ عَنْهُ [a means of scaring the jinn and the evil eye away from him].

An Arab of the desert said: when I was born, it was said to my father, نَفِّرْ عَنْهُ, so he named me قُنْفُد [hedge-hog] and gave me the surname أَبو العَدّآءِ [father of the quick runner].

Show Lane's original text
, (T, M, A, Msb,) inf. n. تَنْفيرٌ ; (Msb;) and انفر ; (T, K;) and اشتنفر ; (T, M, A, Msb;) He made (wild animals, T. Msb, or an antelope. K, or a beast of carriage. M,) to take fright, and flee, or run away at random: (K, TA:) or he made a beast of carriage to become impatient, and to retire to a distance: (A:) or he scared away; or made to flee, and go away, or aside, or apart, or to a distance: (so accord. to an explanation of the intrans. v. from which it is derived, in the M:) you say نَفَّرْتُهُ and اِسْتَنْفَرْتُهُ and أَنْفَرُتُهُ : and in like manner, نَفَّرَ عَنْهُ , and أَنْفَرَ عَنْهُ , [meaning, he scared away, or made to take fright and flee, &c., from him or it:] (TA:) الإِنْفَارُ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ , and التَّنْفِيرُ عَنْهُ , and الاِسْتِنْفَارُ , all signify the same, [i. e., the scaring away, &c. from a thing.] (S.) It is said in a trad. of Zeyneb, the daughter of Mohammad, فَأَنْفَرَ بِهَا المُشْرِكُونَ بَعِيرَهَا حَتَّى سَقَطَتْ And the polytheists made her camel to take fright and run away at random with her, so that she fell. And in like manner you say, أُنْفِرَبِنَا , and نُفِرَبِنَا , [or نُفَّرَبِنَا Our camels were scared away with us; or made to take fright and run away at random with us: or] we were made to be persons having camels taking fright and running away at random. And تَنْفِيرٌ signifies The chiding camels or sheep or goats, and driving them from the pasturage. (TA.) [Hence] بَشِّروا وَلا تُنَفِّرُوا [Rejoice people by what ye say. and] do not encounter them with [roughness and violence and] that which will incite them to نُفُور [i. e. flight or aversion]. (TA.) See the act. part. n., below. [Hence also,] نَفِّرْ عَنْهُ , (S, K,) inf. n. تَسنْفِيرٌ . (TA.) Give thou to him a لَقَب [meaning a nickname or name of reproach], (S,) or a لَقب that is disliked: (K:) as though they held such to be تَسْفِيرٌ لِلْجِنِّ وَالعَيْنِ عَنْهُ [a means of scaring away the jinn, or genii, and the evil eye, from him]. (S, K.) An Arab of the desert said, When I was born, it was said to my father, نَفِّرْ عَنْهُ : so he named me قُنْفُد [hedge-hog], and surnamed me أَبو العَدّآءِ [father of the quick runner]. (S.)
Form 3نَاْفَرَ2 senses · 1 main
maṣdarمُنَافَرَةٌ

Core sense — they shunned each other; they were incongruous with each othergenerated

3.1figurative · مجازthey shunned or avoided each other; they regarded each other with aversion—نَافَرَا

. But perhaps this meaning is only post-classical.

3.1.1figurative · مجاز

And from this: they (two things) were incongruous, or discordant, with each other. But perhaps this meaning too is only post-classical. See also Form 6.

Show Lane's original text
[ نَافَرَا , inf. n. مُنَافَرَةٌ , They shunned or avoided each other; regarded each other with aversion. But perhaps this signification is only post-classical. And hence, They (two things) were incongruous, or discordant, each with the other. But perhaps this signification, also, is only post-classical. See also 6.]
Form 4أَنْفَرَ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — he made it take fright and flee; their camels ran away at randomgenerated

4.1

See Form 2, in several places.

4.1.1their camels took fright and ran away at random, and became separated or dispersed—أَنْفَرُوا

Also expressed as نَفَرَت.

4.1.2

See also Form 1, last meaning.

Show Lane's original text
see 2, in several places. أَنْفَرُوا Their camels took fright and ran away at random, ( نَفَرَت , K, TA,) and became separated or dispersed. (TA.) See also 1, last signification.
Form 5تنفّر عَنِ الحَقِّ1 sense

Core sense — it shunned, or was averse from, the truthgenerated

5.1

See Form 1.

Show Lane's original text
: see 1.
Form 6تَنَاْفَرَ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — they shunned one another; they were incongruous with one anothergenerated

6.1figurative · مجازthey shunned or avoided one another; they regarded one another with aversion—تنافروا

But perhaps this meaning is only post-classical.

6.1.1figurative · مجازthe things were incongruous, or discordant, with one another—تنافرت الأَشْيَآءُ

This comes from the meaning above. But perhaps it too is only post-classical. See also Form 3.

6.1.2

تنافروا فِى الأَمْرِ, or لِلْأَمْرِ: see Form 1, towards the end.

See also تَنَافَرَا in the K; and compare Form 6 in the articles نفد and نفذ.

Show Lane's original text
[ تنافروا They shunned or avoided one another; regarded one another with aversion. But perhaps this signification is only post-classical. And hence, تنافرت الأَشْيَآءُ The things were incongruous, or discordant, one with another. But perhaps this signification, also, is only postclassical. See also 3.] تنافروا فِى الأَمْرِ , or لِلْأَمْرِ : see 1, towards the end. See also تَنَافَرَا in the K: and compare 6 in arts. نفد and نفذ .
Form 10إِسْتَنْفَرَهُمْ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — he urged and called on them to go forth to wargenerated

10.1he urged them, and summoned or invited them to go forth to war against the enemy—لِجِهَادِ العَدُوِّ

Said of the Imām.

Or he imposed on them the task of going forth to war, light and heavy: [see the Qur'ān, 9:41.]

Or he demanded, sought, or wanted aid from them.

10.1.1

See also Form 2, in three places.

10.1.2

And see Form 1, in two places, near the beginning.

Show Lane's original text
He (the Imám) incited, and summoned or invited them to go forth, لِجِهَادِ العَدُوِّ to war against the enemy: (T, Mgh:) or imposed upon them the task of going forth to war, light and heavy: [see Kur, ix. 41:] (A:) or he demanded, sought, or desired, of them aid. (M, * K, TA.) See also 2. in three places. And see 1, in two places, near the beginning.

Derived nouns 20

Nounنَفْرٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a company of men going forth to wargenerated

1

See نَافِرٌ, of which this is an ism jamʿ.

1.1

And see نَفِيرٌ.

1.2

And see نَفَرٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see نَافِرٌ , of which it is a quasi-pl.: and نَفِيرٌ : and نَفَرٌ .
Nounنِفْرٌ1 sense

Core sense — an imitative sequent, used for emphasisgenerated

1

An imitative sequent to عِفْرٌ; and in the same way نَفِرٌ is to عَفِرٌ (though this pair is omitted in some copies of the K), نِفْرِيَةٌ to عِفْرِيَةٌ, نِفْرِيتٌ to عِفْرِيتٌ, نُفَارِيَةٌ to عُفَارِيَهٌ, and نِفْرِيتَةٌ to عِفرِيتَةٌ, all giving emphasis.

Show Lane's original text
an imitative sequent to عِفْرٌ , (T, M, K,) and so is نَفِرٌ to عَفِرٌ , (Sgh, K, but omitted in some copies of the K,) and نِفْرِيَةٌ to عِفْرِيَةٌ , (T, M, K,) and نِفْرِيتٌ to عِفْرِيتٌ , (T, S, M, K,) and نُفَارِيَةٌ to عُفَارِيَهٌ , (T, M, K,) and نِفْرِيتَةٌ to عِفرِيتَةٌ ; (K;) denoting corroboration. (S.)
Nounنَفَرٌ2 senses

Core sense — a number of men, from three to ten; a man's nearer relationsgenerated

1these are ten men—هٰؤُلَآءِ عَشَرَةُ نَفَرٍ

A number of men, from three to ten; also نَفْرٌ, نَفْرَةٌ and نَفِيرٌ. Or up to seven (so in one copy of the Msb, [but سبعة is probably a mistake for تسعة, nine, as what follows makes likely]). Or a number of men fewer than ten; also نَفِيرٌ, and so رَهْطٌ; and some add, excluding women.

Fr: a man's people or tribe, that is, his nearer relations; also نَفْرَةٌ, the same as رَهْطٌ and عَشِيرَةٌ. [See also نَفْرَةٌ.]

Kr: all the men, or people.

Lth: but one does not say عِشْرُونَ نَفَرًا, nor anything above عَشَرَة.

Abu-l-ʿAbbās says that نَفَرٌ, like قَوْمٌ and رَهْطٌ, has a plural meaning with no proper singular, and is applied to men, not to women. It is an ism jamʿ, and its plural is أَنْفَارٌ, which occurs in a tradition, in the phrase أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَنْفَارِنَا, which IAth explains as meaning any one of our people, the same as قَوْمِنَا.

نَفِيرٌ, in the accusative case in the Qur'ān 17:6, is according to Zj a plural [or rather ism jamʿ] of نَفَرٌ, like عَبِيدٌ and كَلِيبٌ. [See also نَفِيرٌ below.]

Imra-el-Keys says, describing a man as an excellent archer: [And he is such that the animal shot by him does not go off after being shot and then die. What is the matter with him? May he be killed, so as not to be counted among his people.]

shāhid
فَهْوَ لَا تَنْمِى رَمِيَّتُهُمَا لَهُ لَا عُدَّ مِنْ نَفَرِهْ

The second half-line is a proverb. The poet here calls down a curse on the man, but in doing so praises him, as when you say, of a man whose action pleases you, مَا لَهُ قَاتَلَهُ ٱللّٰهُ and أَخْزَاهُ ٱللّٰهُ [q. v.].

The relative noun is نَفَرِىٌّ.

2

It is also a simple noun from نَفَرَ, apparently meaning especially aversion.

Qur’ānic occurrences نَفَر 2 shown of 3
18:34
وَكَانَ لَهُۥ ثَمَرٌ فَقَالَ لِصَـٰحِبِهِۦ وَهُوَ يُحَاوِرُهُۥٓ أَنَا۠ أَكْثَرُ مِنكَ مَالًا وَأَعَزُّ نَفَرًا

(Abundant) was the produce this man had: he said to his companion, in the course of a mutual argument: "more wealth have I than you, and more honour and power in (my following of) men."

72:1
بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ قُلْ أُوحِىَ إِلَىَّ أَنَّهُ ٱسْتَمَعَ نَفَرٌ مِّنَ ٱلْجِنِّ فَقَالُوٓا۟ إِنَّا سَمِعْنَا قُرْءَانًا عَجَبًا

Say: It has been revealed to me that a company of Jinns listened (to the Qur'an). They said, 'We have really heard a wonderful Recital!

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
A number of men, from three to ten; (S, Msb;) as also نَفْرٌ and نَفْرَةٌ and نَفِيرٌ : (S:) or to seven: (so in a copy of the Msb, [but probably سبعة is a mistake for تسعة nine: this appears likely from what here follows:]) or a number of men less then ten; (AZ, T, M, K;) as also نَفِيرٌ ; (K;) and so رَهْطٌ ; (AZ, T;) and some add, excluding women: (TA:) accord. to Fr, (S,) a man's people or tribe consisting of his nearer relations; as also نَفْرَةٌ ; syn. رَهْطٌ , (S, IAth,) and عَشِيرَةٌ : (IAth:) [see also نَفْرَةٌ :] accord. to Kr, (M,) all the men or people: (M, K:) accord. to Lth, you say, هٰؤُلَآءِ عَشَرَةُ نَفَرٍ , i. e. these are ten men: but one does not say, عِشْرُونَ نَفَرًا , nor more than عَشَرَة : and Abu-l- 'Abbás says, that نَفَرٌ , like قَوْمٌ and رَهْطٌ , has a pl. signification, without any proper sing.; and is applied to men, exclusively of women: (T:) it is a quasi-pl. n.: (TA:) and its pl. is أَنْفَارٌ ; (M, K;) occurring in a trad., in the phrase أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَنْفَارِنَا , which IAth explains as meaning any one of our people; syn. قَوْمِنَا : (TA:) and نَفِيرٌ , occurring, in the accus. case, in the Kur, xvii. 6, is, accord. to Zj, a pl. [or rather quasipl. n.] of نَفَرٌ , like عَبِيدٌ and كَلِيبٌ . (M.) [See also نَفِيرٌ , below.] Imra-el-Keys says, describing a man as an excellent archer, 1 (S,) And he is such that the animal shot by him does not go away after it has been shot and then die. What aileth him? May he be killed, so as not to be numbered among his people. The latter hemistich is a proverb. (Meyd.) The poet here utters an imprecation against the man, but in so doing praises him; as when you say, of a man whose action pleases you, مَا لَهُ قَاتَلَهُ ٱللّٰهُ and أَخْزَاهُ ٱللّٰهُ [q. v.]. (S.) The rel. n. is نَفَرِىٌّ . (Sb, M.) فَهْوَ لَا تَنْمِى رَمِيَّتُهُ | مَا لَهُ لَا عُدَّ مِنْ نَفَرِهْ [Accord. to the Msb, it is also a simple subst. from نَفَرَ : and app. as signifying especially Aversion.]
Nounنَفِرٌ1 sense

Core sense — taking fright and fleeing, running away at randomgenerated

1

See نِفْرٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see نِفْرٌ .
Nounنَفْرَةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a man's near kinsmen, who are angry when he is angrygenerated

1

See نَفِيرٌ.

1.1he came to us among his near kinsmen—جَآءَنَا فِى نَفْرَتِهِ

A man's near kinsmen, the same as أُسْرَةٌ and فَصِيلَةٌ, who are angry when he is angry; also نُفْرَةٌ, mentioned by Sgh and others, and نُفُورةٌ, نَافِرَةٌ and نَفَرٌ.

نُفُورَةٌ means a man's near kinsmen who go forth with him to war when something befalls him, or presses on him hard or suddenly.

he came to us among his near kinsmen—نَفَرِهِ
our near kinsmen overcame their near kinsmen—غَلَبَتْ نُفُورَتُنَا نُفُورَتَهُمْ

And so with the other words for near kinsmen.

See also نَفَرٌ in two places; and see نَفِيرٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see نَفِيرٌ . A man's near kinsmen; syn. أُسْرَةٌ (T, K) and فَصِيلَةٌ ; (K;) who are angry on account of his anger; (K;) as also نُفْرَةٌ , mentioned by Sgh and others, (TA,) and نُفُورةٌ (T. K) and نَافِرَةٌ (A, * K) and نَفَرٌ : (T:) and نُفُورَةٌ signifies a man's near kinsmen ( أُسْرَة ) who go forth with him to war when an event befalls him or oppresses him severely or suddenly. (TA.) You say, جَآءَنَا فِى نَفْرَتِهِ and نَفَرِهِ , (T, TA,) &c., (TA,) He came to us among his near kinsmen, (T, TA,) &c. (TA.) And, غَلَبَتْ نُفُورَتُنَا نُفُورَتَهُمْ Our near kinsmen overcame their near kinsmen. (T, TA.) See also نَفَرٌ , in two places: and see نَفِيرٌ .
Nounنُفْرَةٌ2 senses

Core sense — a thing hung on a child to ward off the evil eyegenerated

1a thing that is hung on a child out of fear of the evil eye, or to repel it—نُفَرَةٌ
2

See also نَفْرَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
(Sgh, K) and نُفَرَةٌ (K) A thing that is hung upon a child for fear of, (K,) or to repel, (Sgh,) the evil eye. (Sgh, K.) See also نَفْرَةٌ .
Nounنَفَرِىٌّ1 sense

Core sense — of, or relating to, a company of mengenerated

1

See نَفَرٌ, in the last sentence but one.

Show Lane's original text
: see نَفَرٌ , last sentence but one.
Nounنِفْرِيَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a man's near kinsmengenerated

1

This, and نِفْرِيتٌ and نِفْرِيتَةٌ: see نِفْرٌ.

Show Lane's original text
and نِفْرِيتٌ and نِفْرِيتَةٌ : see نِفْرٌ .
Nounنِفَارٌ1 sense

Core sense — a tendency to take fright and run away at randomgenerated

1[In the beast of carriage is a tendency to take fright and run away at random]—فِى الدَّابَّةِ نِفَارٌ

A noun from نَفَرَتِ الدَّابَّةُ.

And in the same way from نَفَرَ, said of a wild animal.

Show Lane's original text
a subst. from نَفَرَتِ الدَّابَّةُ . Ex. فِى الدَّابَّةِ نِفَارٌ [In the beast of carriage is a disposition to take fright and run away at random]. (S.) And in like manner, from نَفَرَ said of a wild animal. (Msb.)
Nounنَفُورٌ1 sense

Core sense — one that takes fright and flees much, or oftengenerated

1

See نَافِرٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see نَافِرٌ .
Nounنَفِيرٌ1 sense

Core sense — a people going forth to war; a company of mengenerated

1the company of the sons of such a one, that came forth to carry out an affair, arrived—جَآءَتْ نَفْرَةُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ

A people hastening to war, or to some other undertaking: a maṣdar used as a noun. Or a people going to carry out an affair. Or a people going with someone to fight; also نَفْرَةٌ [q. v.] and نَفْرٌ, each of these being a noun with a plural meaning.

Or this word and the last of those mean a company of men; the plural of each is أَنْفَارٌ.

Or this word, or all of them, mean a people, or company, that goes first in an affair. Or it means those of a man's people who go forth with him to war. Or it is a plural [or ism jamʿ] of نَفَرٌ, meaning men gathered to go against the enemy. Or aiders, or helpers. [See نَفَرٌ in two places.]

the company of the sons of such a one, that came forth to carry out an affair, arrived—نَفِيرُهُمْ
those of Kureysh who went forth to Bedr to defend the caravan of Aboo-Sufyān, which was coming from Syria—نَفِيرُ قُرَيْشٍ
[Such a one is neither in the caravan nor in the company going forth to fight]—فُلَانٌ لَا فِى العِيرِ وَلَا فِى النَّفِيرِ

A proverb, applied to a man who is not thought fit for a hard undertaking, because no one held back from the caravan and the fighting except a man crippled by disease and a man in whom there was no good.

Or the original words of the proverb are لا فِى العِيرِ وَلَا فِى النَّفِيرِ; these were first said by Aboo-Sufyān of the Benoo-Zuhrah, when he found them turning back towards Mekkeh, and according to As they are applied to a man held in low and little repute.

Qur’ānic occurrences نَفِير
17:6
ثُمَّ رَدَدْنَا لَكُمُ ٱلْكَرَّةَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَمْدَدْنَـٰكُم بِأَمْوَٰلٍ وَبَنِينَ وَجَعَلْنَـٰكُمْ أَكْثَرَ نَفِيرًا

Then did We grant you the Return as against them: We gave you increase in resources and sons, and made you the more numerous in man-power.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
A people hastening to war, or to some other undertaking: an inf. n. used as a subst.: (Msb:) or a people going to execute an affair: (S:) or a people going with one to fight; as also نَفْرَةٌ [q. v.] and نَفْرٌ : (M, K:) each is a noun having a pl. signification: (M:) or the first and last signify a company of men: and the pl. of each is أَنْفَارٌ : (M:) or the first, (S,) or all, (K,) a people, (S,) or company, (K,) preceding in an affair: (S, K:) or the first, those of a man's people who go forth with him to war: or it is a pl. [or quasi-pl.] of نَفَرٌ , signifying men assembled to go to the enemy: (Bd, xvii. 6:) or aiders, or assistants. (M.) [See نَفَرٌ , in two places.] You say, جَآءَتْ نَفْرَةُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ , and نَفِيرُهُمْ , The company of the sons of such a one, that came forth to execute an affair, arrived. (S, TA.) نَفِيرُ قُرَيْشٍ means Those of Kureysh who went forth to Bedr to defend the caravan of Aboo-Sufyán, (M,) which was coming from Syria. (T.) Hence the proverb, فُلَانٌ لَا فِى العِيرِ وَلَا فِى النَّفِيرِ [Such a one is neither in the caravan nor in the company going forth to fight]: applied to him who is not regarded as fit for a difficult undertaking: because none held back from the caravan and the fight except him who was crippled by disease and him in whom was no good; (TA:) or the original words of the proverb are لا فِى العِيرِ وَلَا فِى النَّفِيرِ : and these words were first said by Aboo-Sufyán, with reference to the Benoo-Zuhrah, when he found them turning back towards Mekkeh; and, accord. to As, are applied to a man who is held in low and little repute. (Mgh.) [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 500.]
Nounنُفُورَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a man's near kinsmengenerated

1

See نَفْرَةٌ, in three places.

Show Lane's original text
: see نَفْرَةٌ , in three places.
Nounنُفَارِيَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a man's near kinsmengenerated

1

See نِفْرٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see نِفْرٌ .
Nounنَافِرٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — taking fright and fleeing, running away at random; averse, shunninggenerated

1a beast that takes fright and runs away at random—دَابَّةٌ نَافِرٌ

This word, [نَفُورٌ] and مُسْتَنْفِرٌ all mean the same: taking fright and fleeing, or running away at random; or being impatient of a thing and retiring to a distance; or fleeing and going away, or aside, or to a distance. Or the second, being of an intensive form, and likewise يَنْفُورٌ, means one that does so much or often, or is apt to do so.

نَفْرٌ is a plural of نَافِرٌ, or rather an ism jamʿ, as صَحْبٌ is of صَاحِبٌ and زَوْرٌ of زَائِرٌ.

a beast that takes fright and runs away at random—نَفُورٌ

According to IAar, one should not say نَافِرَةٌ [unless it is used as an adjective applied to a broken plural of a noun, as will be seen below].

[Every camel that is hairy on the face is apt to take fright and run away at random]—كُلُّ أَزَبَّ نَفُورٌ

This is said in a proverb; see the article زب.

a gazelle that takes fright and flees much or often, or is apt to do so—ظَبْىٌ يَنْفُورٌ

In some copies of the K, نيفور.

[As though they were asses taking fright and running away at random, that have fled from a lion]—كَأَنَّهُمْ حُمُرٌ مُسْتَنْفِرَةٌ فَرَّتْ مِنْ قَسْوَرَةٍ

In the Qur'ān [74:51]; that is, نَافِرَةٌ. And مُسْتَنْفَرَةٌ means made to take fright and run away at random, or frightened, or scared.

1.1figurative · مجازI shrink from this thing or affair; I am averse from it; I do not like it—أَنَا نَافِرٌ مِنْ هٰذَا الامر
[She is averse from her husband; she shuns or avoids him]—هِىَ نَافِرَةٌ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا
Show Lane's original text
[and نَفُورٌ ] and مُسْتَنْفِرٌ signify the same; [i. e., Taking fright, and fleeing, or running away at random: or being, or becoming, impatient, of or at a thing, and retiring to a distance: or fleeing, and going away or aside or apart or to a distance: or the second, being of an intensive form, signifies, as also يَنْفُورٌ , that does so much or often; or wont or apt to do so:] (TA:) and نَفْرٌ is a pl. of نَافِرٌ , (K,) or [rather] a quasi-pl., like as صَحْبٌ is of صَاحِبٌ , and زَوْرٌ of زَائِرٌ . (M.) You say, دَابَّةٌ نَافِرٌ , and نَفُورٌ , [A beast that takes fright and runs away at random: &c.:] (M, K:) accord. to IAar, one should not say نَافِرَةٌ (M) [unless using it as an epithet applied to a broken pl. of a subst., as will be seen below]. It is said in a proverb, كُلُّ أَزَبَّ نَفُورٌ [Every one, of camels, that is hairy on the face is wont to take fright and run away at random: see art. زب ]. (M.) You say also ظَبْىٌ يَنْفُورٌ , (M, K, *) in some copies of the K, نيفور , (TA,) A gazelle that takes fright and flees much or often; or that is wont to do so. (M, K. *) And it is said in the Kur, [lxxiv. 51,] كَأَنَّهُمْ حُمُرٌ مُسْتَنْفِرَةٌ فَرَّتْ مِنْ قَسْوَرَةٍ , i. e., نَافِرَةٌ , [As though they were asses taking fright and running away at random, that have fled from a lion:] and (accord. to one reading, T) مُسْتَنْفَرَةٌ , (T, S,) meaning, made to take fright and run away at random; (T;) or frightened, or scared. (S.) أَنَا نَافِرٌ مِنْ هٰذَا الامر I shrink from this thing or affair; am averse from it; do not like or approve it. And هِىَ نَافِرَةٌ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا [She is averse from her husband; she shuns or avoids him]. (A.)
Nounنَوْفَرٌ1 sense

Core sense — the water-lily, nenuphargenerated

1

See the article نيلوفر.

Show Lane's original text
: see art. نيلوفر .
Nounنَافِرَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a man's near kinsmengenerated

1

See نَفْرَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see نَفْرَةٌ .
Nounمُنَفِّرٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — one who scares away; one who meets people roughlygenerated

1

Ism fāʿil of Form 2, q. v.

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

One who meets people with roughness and violence [and with what drives them to flight or aversion: see Form 2].

Show Lane's original text
act. part. n. of 2, q. v. One who encounters people with roughness and violence [and that which incites them to flight or aversion: see 2]. (TA, from a trad.)
Nounمُسْتَنْفِرٌ1 sense

Core sense — taking fright and fleeing, running away at randomgenerated

1

See نَافِرٌ, the first and third, in two places.

Show Lane's original text
: see نَافِرٌ ; the first and third in two places.
Nounمُسْتَنْفَرٌ1 sense

Core sense — made to take fright and run away at random, frightened, scaredgenerated

1

See نَافِرٌ, the first and third, in two places.

Show Lane's original text
: see نَافِرٌ ; the first and third in two places.
Nounيَنْفُورٌ1 sense

Core sense — one that takes fright and flees much, or oftengenerated

1

See نَافِرٌ, the first and third, in two places.

Show Lane's original text
: see نَافِرٌ ; the first and third in two places.