لحد

Form 1 · Form 3 · Form 4 · Form 8 · 11 entries · Qur'ānic frequency 6

Form 1لَحَدَ5 senses · 2 main

muḍāriʿـَيَفْعَلُmaṣdarلَحْدٌ

Core sense — he deviated from the right course; he made a lateral hollow in a gravegenerated

1.1figurative · مجازhe, or it, declined, or deviated, from the right course; and also, he, or it, inclined—الحد

he, or it, inclined to him, or it—لَحَدَ إِلَيْهِ

Said, for example, of an arrow.

Muḍāriʿ لَحَدَ and الحد and التحد.

Some read, [in the Kur 16:105,] لِسَانُ ٱلَّذِى يَلْحَدُونَ إِلَيْهِ [The tongue of him to whom they incline].

Qur’ān 16:103 approximate — somewhere between 16:84 and 16:106 Lane cites “Kur xvi. 105”

Qur’ān 16:103 the verse Lane’s citation points to, and it uses this root

وَلَقَدْ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّمَا يُعَلِّمُهُۥ بَشَرٌ ۗ لِّسَانُ ٱلَّذِى يُلْحِدُونَ إِلَيْهِ أَعْجَمِىٌّ وَهَـٰذَا لِسَانٌ عَرَبِىٌّ مُّبِينٌ

We know indeed that they say, "It is a man that teaches him." The tongue of him they wickedly point to is notably foreign, while this is Arabic, pure and clear.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

1.1.1figurative · مجازhe deviated, or swerved, from the right way in religion; he impugned religion—الحد فِى الدِّينِ

Also لَحَدَ فِيهِ, in the same sense.

1.1.2figurative · مجازhe forsook the right course in what he was commanded to do, in the sacred Temple or territory of Mekkeh, and inclined to wrongdoing—الحد فِى الحَرَمِ

Or he did wrong, unjustly or injuriously, there, and so opposed others; or he associated others with God there, explained by أَشْرَكَ بِاللّٰهِ, so in the K and the Basāʾir, in the latter on the authority of Zj; or he doubted respecting God there, so in the L and other lexicons, on the authority of Zj.

Or he hoarded up corn there in expectation of its becoming dear — a meaning taken from a tradition of ʿOmar; but this is only a kind of wrong-doing. Or he desecrated it and violated its sanctity.

The phrase originates in the text of the Kur [20:26,] وَمَنْ يُرِدْ فِيهِ بِإِلْحَادٍ بِظُلْمٍ, i.e. إِلْحَادًا بِظُلْمٍ, the ب being redundant.

1.2he made a لَحْد to the grave—لَحَدَ القَبْرَ

Also الحدهُ and لَحَدَ لَهُ لَحْدًا and الحد له.

1.2.1he made a لَحْد for the corpse—لَحَدَ ٱلْمَيِّتَ

maṣdar لَحْدٌ and الحدهُ and لَحَدَ لَهُ and الحد له.

Or الحدهُ has this meaning; and likewise لَحَدَ لَه لَحْدًا and الحد, he dug a لَحْد for him.

he buried him, or put him into a لحد—لَحَدَهُ

Also الحدهُ.

Show Lane's original text

(A) and الحد (L, K) He, or it, (as an arrow, A) declined, or deviated, from the right course: (A, L, K:) and also he, or it, inclined: you say لَحَدَ إِلَيْهِ , (A, L, K,) aor. لَحَدَ ; (L;) and الحد (A;) and التحد ; (S, L, K;) he, or it, inclined to him, or it. (A, L, K.) Some read, [in the Kur xvi. 105,] لِسَانُ ٱلَّذِى يَلْحَدُونَ إِلَيْهِ [The tongue of him unto whom they incline]. (S.) الحد فِى الدِّينِ ; (S, A, L, Msb;) and لَحَدَ فِيهِ , (S, L, Msb,) aor. لَحَدَ ; (L;) He deviated, or swerved, from the right way, with respect to religion: (S, A, L:) he impugned religion. (Msb.) الحد فِى الحَرَمِ He relinquished, or forsook, the right course, with respect to that which he was commanded to do, in the sacred Temple or territory of Mekkeh; (L, K;) and inclined to do wrong, wrongfully, unjustly, or injuriously: (L:) or he did wrong, wrongfully, unjustly, or injuriously, therein; (S, L, K;) and so opposed others: (Fr, L:) or he associated others with God, therein; expl. by أَشْرَكَ بِاللّٰهِ : so in the K and Basáïr; in the latter as on the authority of Zj: or he doubted respecting God, therein: so in the L and other lexicons, as on the authority of Zj: (TA:) or he hoarded up corn in expectation of its becoming dear, therein; (L, K;) a meaning taken from a trad of 'Omar; (L;) but this is merely a kind of wrong-doing: (TA:) or he desecrated it, and violated its sanctity. (Msb.) The origin of the phrase is in the text of the Kur [xx. 26,] وَمَنْ يُرِدْ فِيهِ بِإِلْحَادٍ بِظُلْمٍ , i.e. إِلْحَادًا بِظُلْمٍ , the ب being redundant. (S, L.) لَحَدَ القَبْرَ , aor. لَحَدَ , (inf. n. لَحْدٌ ; L,) and الحدهُ ; (A, L, K;) and لَحَدَ لَهُ لَحْدًا ; and الحد له ; (S, Msb;) He made a لَحْد to the grave. (S, A, L, K.) لَحَدَ ٱلْمَيِّتَ , aor. لَحَدَ , inf. n. لَحْدٌ ; and الحدهُ ; and لَحَدَ لَهُ ; and الحد له ; He made a لَحْد for the corpse: or الحدهُ has this signification; (L;) and in like manner, لَحَدَ لَه لَحْدًا , and الحد , he dug a لَحْد for him: (A, Mgh, Msb:) and لَحَدَهُ , he buried him; (L, K;) or put him into a لحد ; and so الحدهُ . (Mgh, Msb.)

Form 3لاحدهُ1 sense

Core sense — he behaved crookedly towards him, the other doing the samegenerated

3.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

He behaved towards him in a crooked, or perverse, manner, the other doing the same.

Show Lane's original text

He behaved towards him in a crooked, or perverse, manner, the latter doing the same. (K, * TA.)

Form 4الحد3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — he deviated from the truth; he disputed; he despised himgenerated

4.1

See 1, throughout.

4.1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

A' Obeyd: he disputed, altercated, wrangled.

4.1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredhe brought a reproach upon him, or despised him, and said of him what was false—الحد بِهِ

The despising is expressed by أَزْرَى بِهِ.

Or he held his clemency, forbearance, or intellect in light estimation, or despised it; also أَلْهَدَ بِهِ.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 4

7:180

وَلِلَّهِ ٱلْأَسْمَآءُ ٱلْحُسْنَىٰ فَٱدْعُوهُ بِهَا ۖ وَذَرُوا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ يُلْحِدُونَ فِىٓ أَسْمَـٰٓئِهِۦ ۚ سَيُجْزَوْنَ مَا كَانُوا۟ يَعْمَلُونَ

The most beautiful names belong to Allah: so call on him by them; but shun such men as use profanity in his names: for what they do, they will soon be requited.

16:103

We know indeed that they say, "It is a man that teaches him." The tongue of him they wickedly point to is notably foreign, while this is Arabic, pure and clear.

41:40

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يُلْحِدُونَ فِىٓ ءَايَـٰتِنَا لَا يَخْفَوْنَ عَلَيْنَآ ۗ أَفَمَن يُلْقَىٰ فِى ٱلنَّارِ خَيْرٌ أَم مَّن يَأْتِىٓ ءَامِنًا يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ ۚ ٱعْمَلُوا۟ مَا شِئْتُمْ ۖ إِنَّهُۥ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ

Those who pervert the Truth in Our Signs are not hidden from Us. Which is better?- he that is cast into the Fire, or he that comes safe through, on the Day of Judgment? Do what ye will: verily He seeth (clearly) all that ye do.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

: see 1, throughout. He disputed; altercated; wrangled. (A' Obeyd, L, Msb, K.) الحد بِهِ He brought a reproach upon him, or held him in light estimation, or despised him, ( أَزْرَى بِهِ ,) and said of him what was false: (K:) or he held his clemency, or forbearance, or intellect, ( حِلْم ,) in light estimation; or despised it; as also أَلْهَدَ بِهِ . (L.)

Form 8التحد إِلَيْهِ1 sense

Core sense — he had recourse to it, or him, for refuge or sheltergenerated

8.1figurative · مجاز

He had recourse, or went, to it, or him, for refuge, protection, concealment, covert, or lodging.

Show Lane's original text

He had recourse, or betook himself, to it, or him, for refuge, protection, concealment, covert, or lodging. (A.)

Derived nouns 7

Nounلَحْدٌ1 sense

Core sense — a trench in the side of a grave, where the corpse is laidgenerated

1a trench, or oblong excavation, in the side of a grave; the lateral hollow of a grave, which is the place of the corpse—لُحْدٌ

Also لَحَدٌ (El-Basāʾir) and مَلْحُودٌ, the last being an adjective in which the quality of a substantive is predominant.

What is called ضَرِيحٌ and ضَرِيحَةٌ is in the middle.

Plural لُحُودٌ and أَلْحَادٌ.

According to some, لحد used in this sense is figurative, from لَحَدَ and أَلْحَدَ, meaning “he inclined, or declined.” [The reverse, however, is the case according to the A.]

[See an example in a verse cited under شَدِيدٌ.]

Show Lane's original text

(S, A, L, Msb, K) and لُحْدٌ (S, L, Msb, K) and لَحَدٌ (El-Basáïr) and مَلْحُودٌ , (A, L, K,) which last is an epithet wherein the quality of a subst. is predominant, (L,) A trench or an oblong excavation, in the side of a grave; a lateral hollow of a grave; (S, A, L, Msb, K;) which is the place of the corpse; what is called ضَرِيحٌ and ضَرِيحَةٌ is in the middle: (L:) pl. (of the first, Msb) لُحُودٌ and (of the second, Msb) أَلْحَادٌ . (L, Msb, K.) Accord. to some, لحد used in this sense is tropical; from لَحَدَ and أَلْحَدَ signifying “ he inclined, or declined. ” (MF.) [The reverse, however, is the case accord. to the A.] [See an ex. in a verse cited voce شَدِيدٌ .]

Nounلُحْدٌ1 sense

Core sense — a trench in the side of a gravegenerated

This, and لَحَدٌ: see لَحْدٌ.

Show Lane's original text

and لَحَدٌ : see لَحْدٌ .

Nounلَاحِدٌ1 sense

Core sense — a grave having a lateral hollow made to itgenerated

See مَلْحُودٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see مَلْحُودٌ .

Nounمُلْحِدٌ1 sense

Core sense — one who deviates from the truth; an impugner of religiongenerated

1figurative · مجاز

Ism fāʿil of 4: one who deviates, or swerves, from the truth and introduces into it what does not belong to it; an impugner of religion.

Plural مُلْحِدُونَ [and مَلَاحِذَةٌ].

Some apply the name المُلْحِدُونَ especially to the Bāṭinees, who hold that the Qurʾān has an outward sense and an inward one, the latter differing from the former and known to them; by this doctrine they have perverted the law.

Show Lane's original text

act. part. n. of 4, q. v.: One who deviates, or swerves, from the truth, and introduces into it that which does not belong to it: (ISk, L:) an impugner of religion: (Msb in art. رندق ;) pl. مُلْحِدُونَ (Msb) [and مَلَاحِذَةٌ ]. Some apply the appellation of المُلْحِدُونَ especially to the Bátinees ( البَاطِنِيَّة ), who assert that the Kur-án has an outward sense and an inward, the latter differing from the former, and known to them; by which doctrine they have perverted the law. (Msb.)

Nounمُلْحَدٌ1 sense

Core sense — a grave having a lateral hollow made to itgenerated

See مَلْحُودٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see مَلْحُودٌ .

Nounمَلْحُودٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a grave having a lateral hollow made to itgenerated

This, and مُلْحَدٌ, or مَلْحُودٌ لَهُ, and مُلْحَدٌ لَهُ and لَاحِدٌ: a grave having a لَحْد made to it.

1.1

See لَحْدٌ.

Show Lane's original text

(A, K) and مُلْحَدٌ , (S, A,) or مَلْحُودٌ لَهُ and مُلْحَدٌ لَهُ , (L,) and لَاحِدٌ , (K,) A grave having a لَحْد made to it. (S, A, L, K.) See لَحْدٌ .

Nounمُلْتَحَدٌ1 sense

Core sense — a place of refuge, an asylumgenerated

1figurative · مجاز

A place to which one has recourse for refuge, protection, concealment, covert, or lodging; a place of refuge, an asylum.

So called because one turns aside to it.

Qur’ānic occurrences مُلْتَحَد 1 shown of 2

72:22

قُلْ إِنِّى لَن يُجِيرَنِى مِنَ ٱللَّهِ أَحَدٌ وَلَنْ أَجِدَ مِن دُونِهِۦ مُلْتَحَدًا

Say: "No one can deliver me from Allah (If I were to disobey Him), nor should I find refuge except in Him,

Show Lane's original text

A place to which one has recourse for refuge, protection, concealment, covert, or lodging: a place of refuge; an asylum: (S, Msb, K:) so called because one turns aside to it. (S.)