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كفر

Form 1 · Form 2 · Form 3 · Form 4 · Form 5 · Form 8  ·  23 entries  ·  Qur'ānic frequency 525

Form 1كَفَرَ الشَّىْءَ8 senses · 2 main
muḍāriʿـِيَفْعِلُ·ـُيَفْعُلُmaṣdarكُفْرَانٌ كُفُرٌ إِيْمَانٌ كَفْرٌ

Core sense — he covered, or concealed, it; he was ungrateful; he disbelievedgenerated

1.1he veiled, concealed, hid, or covered the thing—كفّرهُ

In the sense first explained below the muḍāriʿ is كَفِرَ. Fei observes: El-Fárábee, whom J follows, says it is like يَضْرِبُ, but in a trustworthy copy of the T it is written كَفُرَ, and this is the proper form, because they say that كَفَرَ النِّعْمَةَ [of which the muḍāriʿ is كَفُرَ] is borrowed from كَفَرَ الشَّىْءَ in the sense first explained below. MF says that J, following his maternal uncle Aboo-Nasr El-Fárábee, is doubtless mistaken in saying that the muḍāriʿ of this verb is كَفِرَ. SM replies that it is correctly كَفِرَ, as J and F and other leading lexicologists have said, though the muḍāriʿ of the verb of كُفْرٌ as meaning the opposite of إِيْمَانٌ is كَفُرَ. [Or, if this second verb is taken from the first, the muḍāriʿ of the first may have been originally كَفِرَ and كَفُرَ, and general usage may afterwards have applied the muḍāriʿ كَفِرَ to one meaning, while the has been applied by very few people to that meaning, but by all to the meanings derived from it.] The maṣdars are كَفْرٌ and تَكْفِيرٌ.

he covered it; he covered it over—كَفَرَ عَلَيْهِ
he covered the sown seed with earth—كَفَرَ البَذْرَ ٱلْمَبْذُورَ
the clouds covered the sky—كَفَرَ السَّحَابُ السَّمَآءَ
the night covered it with its blackness—كَفَرَهُ اللَّيْلُ

Or: he covered the thing so as to destroy it.

Lebeed says: In a night in which the clouds that covered the sky concealed the stars.

shāhid
فِى لَيْلَةٍ كَفَرَ النُّجُومَ غَمَامُهَا

Also said as كَفَرَ عَلَيْهِ.

the wind covered the trace or mark [with dust]—كَفَرَتِ الرِّيحُ الرَّسْمَ
he clad himself with a garment over his coat of mail—كَفَرَ فَوْقَ دِرْعِهِ
he covered his coat of mail with a garment—كَفَّرَ دِرْعَهُ بِثَوْبٍ
he put his goods in a receptacle—كَفَرَ مَتَاعَهُ
he covered, or concealed, the goods in the receptacle—كَفَرَ ٱلْمَتَاعَ فِى الوِعَآءِ
he covered himself with the arms—كَفَّرَ نَفْسَهُ بِالسِّلَاحِ
ignorance covered over the knowledge of such a one—كَفَرَ الجَهْلُ عَلَى عِلْمِ فُلَانٍ
and why do you cover the familiarity and love in which you were living?—وَكَيْفَ تَكْفُرُونَ

So in the Kur 3:96, [thus, with damm as the vowel of the muḍāriʿ.]

1.1.1he covered up and denied the favour conferred on him; he was ungrateful—كَفَرَ

Also constructed as كَفَرَ النِّعْمَةَ, بِالنِّعْمَةِ, كَفَرَ نِعْمَةَ ٱللّٰهِ, and بِنِعْمَةِ ٱللّٰهِ.

the most common form in this case, (El-Basáïr,) and also كُفُورٌ and كُفْرٌ. (El-Basáïr.)

The opposite of شَكَرَ. Also: he denied, or disacknowledged, and concealed the favour or benefit of God. God's favours are the signs that show those who have discrimination that their Creator is one, without partner, and that He has sent apostles with miraculous signs, revealed scriptures, and clear proofs.

and we will not deny your favour, nor be ungrateful for it—وَلَا نَكْفُرُكَ

In the prayer termed القُنُوتُ; that is, وَلَا نَكْفُرُ نِعْمَتَكَ.

[The verb in this sense seems, from what has been said above, to be a حَقِيقَة عُرْفِيَّة, a word so much used in a particular figurative sense that in that sense it is conventionally regarded as proper.]

1.1.2he denied, or disacknowledged—كَفَرَ

used [absolutely] in this sense.

[See the ism fāʿil below; and see Form 3. See also the article ف, page 2322 a.]

he denied the Creator—كَفَرَ بِالصَّانِعِ
1.1.3he disbelieved; he became an unbeliever, or an infidel—كَفَرَ

the most common form in this case, (El-Basáïr,) and also كَفْرٌ, كُفْرَانٌ, and كُفُورٌ. The opposite of آمَنَ.

he disbelieved in God—كَفَرَ بِٱللّٰهِ
whoever declares the opponents of the Benoo-Marwán unbelievers and goes out against them, let him go his way—مَنْ أَقَرَّ بِالكُفْرِ فَخَلِّ سَبِيلَهُ

Because one who does so conceals the truth and the favours of the liberal Dispenser of favours [who is God]. [Also, as shown above, He denied God.]

Related in a tradition of 'Abd-El-Melik, who wrote this to El-Hajjáj.

See also كُفْرٌ below.

1.1.4

[He blasphemed: a meaning very common in the present day.]

1.1.5he declared himself to be clear, or quit, of such a thing—كَفَرَ بِكَذَا

Used in this sense in the Kur 14:27.

Qur’ān 14:24 approximate — somewhere between 14:13 and 14:25 Lane cites “Kur xiv. 27”
1.1.6he was remiss, or fell short of his duty, with respect to the law—كَفَرَ

And he neglected the gratitude to God which was due from him. So in the Kur 30:43, as is shown by its being opposed to عَمِلَ صَالِحًا.

Lane cites “Kur xxx. 43” — Flügel numbering, not yet mapped
1.2

كَفَرَ لَهُ: see Form 2.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1 5 shown of 269
36:64
ٱصْلَوْهَا ٱلْيَوْمَ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَكْفُرُونَ

"Embrace ye the (fire) this Day, for that ye (persistently) rejected (Truth)."

37:170
فَكَفَرُوا۟ بِهِۦ ۖ فَسَوْفَ يَعْلَمُونَ

But (now that the Qur'an has come), they reject it: But soon will they know!

84:22
بَلِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ يُكَذِّبُونَ

But on the contrary the Unbelievers reject (it).

85:19
بَلِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ فِى تَكْذِيبٍ

And yet the Unbelievers (persist) in rejecting (the Truth)!

88:23
إِلَّا مَن تَوَلَّىٰ وَكَفَرَ

But if any turn away and reject Allah,-

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, &c,) aor., in the sense first explained below كَفِرَ , (S, K, &c.;) [respecting which Fei observes,] ElFárábee, whom J follows, says that it is like يَضْرِبُ , but in a trustworthy copy of the T it is written كَفُرَ , and this is the proper form, because they say that كَفَرَ النِّعْمَةَ [of which the aor. is كَفُرَ ] is borrowed from كَفَرَ الشَّىْءَ in the sense which is first explained below; (Msb;) and MF says, that the saying of J, following his maternal uncle Aboo-Nasr El-Fárábee, that the aor. of this verb is كَفِرَ , is doubtless a mistake; but to this, [says SM,] I reply, that it is correctly كَفِرَ , as J and F and other leading lexicologists have said; though the aor. of the verb of كُفْرٌ as meaning the contr. of إِيْمَانٌ is كَفُرَ ; (TA;) [or, if this latter verb be taken from the former, the aor. of the former may have been originally كَفِرَ and كَفُرَ , and general usage may have afterwards applied the aor. كَفِرَ to one signification, while the aor. كَفُرَ has been applied by very few persons to that signification, but by all to the significations thence derived;] inf. n. كَفْرٌ ; (S, Msb;) and كفّرهُ , (A, Mgh, K,) inf. n. تَكْفِيرٌ ; (TA;) He veiled, concealed, hid, or covered, the thing: (S, A, * Mgh, * Msb, K: *) or he covered the thing so as to destroy it: (Az, TA:) and كَفَرَ عَلَيْهِ , aor. [and inf. n.] as above, he covered it; covered it over. (K,) You say كَفَرَ البَذْرَ ٱلْمَبْذُورَ He covered the sown seed with earth. (TA.) And كَفَرَ السَّحَابُ السَّمَآءَ The clouds covered the sky. (A.) Lebeed says, 1 In a night whereof the clouds that covered the sky concealed the stars. (Msb.) You say also كَفَرَهُ اللَّيْلُ , and كَفَرَ عَلَيْهِ , The night covered it with its blackness. (TA.) And كَفَرَتِ الرِّيحُ الرَّسْمَ The wind covered the trace or mark [with dust.] (A.) And كَفَرَ فَوْقَ دِرْعِهِ He clad himself with a garment over his coat of mail. And كَفَّرَ دِرْعَهُ بِثَوْبٍ He covered his coat of mail with a garment. (TA.) And كَفَرَ مَتَاعَهُ He put his goods in a receptacle. (TA.) And كَفَرَ ٱلْمَتَاعَ فِى الوِعَآءِ He covered, or concealed, the goods in the receptacle. (A.) And كَفَّرَ نَفْسَهُ بِالسِّلَاحِ He covered himself with the arms. (A.) And كَفَرَ الجَهْلُ عَلَى عِلْمِ فُلَانٍ Ignorance covered over the knowledge of such a one. (TA.) وَكَيْفَ تَكْفُرُونَ , [thus, with damm as the vowel of the aor.,] in the Kur, iii. 96, has been explained as signifying And wherefore do ye cover the familiarity and love in which ye were living? (TA.) فِى لَيْلَةٍ كَفَرَ النُّجُومَ غَمَامُهَا Hence, (Msb, TA,) كَفَرَ , (S,) and كَفَرَ النِّعْمَةَ , and بِالنِّعْمَةِ ; (Msb;) and كَفَرَ نِعْمَةَ ٱللّٰهِ , and بِنِعْمَةِ ٱللّٰهِ ; (K;) aor. كَفُرَ , (TA,) inf. n. كُفْرَانٌ . (S, K,) which is the most common form in this case, (El-Basáïr,) and كُفُورٌ , (S, K,) and كُفْرٌ ; (El-Basáïr;) He covered, or concealed, (Msb,) and denied, or disacknowledged, the favour or benefit [conferred upon him]; (S, Msb;) he was ungrateful, or unthankful, or behaved ungratefully or unthankfully; contr. of شَكَرَ ; (S;) and he denied, or disacknowledged, and concealed, or covered, the favour or benefit of God: (K:) God's favours or benefits are the signs which show to those who have discrimination that their Creator is one, without partner, and that He has sent apostles with miraculous signs and revealed scriptures and manifest proofs. (Az, TA.) وَلَا نَكْفُرُكَ , in the prayer [termed القُنُوتُ ], means وَلَا نَكْفُرُ نِعْمَتَكَ [And we will not deny, or disacknowledge, thy favour; or we will not be ungrateful, or unthankful, for it]. (Msb.) [The verb when used in this sense, seems, from what has been said above, to be a حَقِيقَة عُرْفِيَّة , or word so much used in a particular tropical sense as to be, in that sense, conventionally regarded as proper.] And hence, كَفَرَ , inf. n. كُفْرَانٌ , is used to signify [absolutely] He denied, or disacknowledged. (TA.) [See the act. part. n., below: and see 3. See also art. ف , p. 2322 a.] You say كَفَرَ بِالصَّانِعِ He denied the Creator. (Msb.) Hence also, (TA.) كَفَرَ , (S, Msb,) aor. كَفُرَ , (Msb, TA,) inf. n. كُفُرٌ , (S, Msb, K,) which is the most common form in this case, (El-Basáïr,) and كَفْرٌ (K) and كُفْرَانٌ (Msb, K) and كُفُورٌ , (K,) He disbelieved; he became an unbeliever, or infidel; contr. of آمَنَ , inf. n. إِيْمَانٌ . (S, K.) You say كَفَرَ بِٱللّٰهِ (S, Msb) He disbelieved in God: (S:) because he who does so conceals, or covers, the truth, and the favours of the liberal Dispenser of favours [who is God]. (MF.) [Also, as shown above, He denied God.] It is related in a trad. of 'Abd-El-Melik, that he wrote to El- Hajjáj, مَنْ أَقَرَّ بِالكُفْرِ فَخَلِّ سَبِيلَهُ , meaning, Whosoever confesses the unbelief of him who opposes the Benoo-Marwán, and goes forth against them, let him go his way. (TA.) See also كُفْرٌ , below. [He blasphemed: a signification very common in the present day.] Also, كَفَرَ بِكَذَا He declared himself to be clear, or quit, of such a thing. (Msb.) In this sense it is used in the Kur xiv. 27. (Msb, TA.) And كَفَرَ also signifies He was remiss, or fell short of his duty, with respect to the law, and neglected the gratitude or thankfulness to God which was incumbent on him. So in the Kur xxx. 43; as is shown by its being opposed to عَمِلَ صَالِحًا . (TA.) كَفَرَ لَهُ , inf. n. كَفْرٌ : see 2.
Form 2كفّرهُ7 senses · 4 main
maṣdarتَكْفِيرٌ

Core sense — he covered it over; he expiated a sin or an oath; he did obeisancegenerated

2.1

see Form 1, first meaning, in three places.

2.2it covered, or concealed, the crime or sin—كَفَّرَ الذَّنْبَ

Said of war in the cause of God [or the like]. Or: it expiated it; or it annulled it; for تكفير with respect to acts of disobedience is like إِحْبَاطٌ with respect to reward.

we would cover their sins, so that they would be as though they had not been—لَكَفَّرْنَا عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ

In the Kur 5:70. Or it may mean: we would do away with their sins, as is indicated by another saying in the Kur 11:116, “good actions do away with sins.” (El-Basáïr.)

God effaced his sin—كَفَّرَ ٱللّٰهُ عَنْهُ الذَّنْبَ
2.2.1he expiated his oath—كَفَّرَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ

He performed, or gave, what is termed كَفَّارَة [i.e. a fast, or alms, for the expiation of his oath]. The تَكْفِيرٌ of an oath is the doing of what is obligatory for violating, or breaking, it.

كَفَّرَ يَمِينَهُ is a vulgar phrase.

2.3

كَفَّرَهُ as synonymous with أَكْفَرَهُ: see Form 4.

2.4he did obeisance to him, lowering his head and bending himself, his hand on his breast—كَفَّرَ لَهُ

. Or: he put his hand on his breast and bent down to him; or he made a sign of humbling himself to him.

Said of an عِلْج [or unbeliever of the Persians or other foreigners], or a ذِمِّىّ [or free non-Muslim subject of a Muslim government, i.e. a Christian, a Jew, or a Sabian], to the king; or of a slave to his master or to his دِهْقَان [or chief].

he paid honour to his king by making a sign with his head, near to prostration—كَفَرَ

[, according to the rule of the K;] maṣdar كَفْرٌ. Said of a Persian: فَارِسِىٌّ in the K, and so in the L and other lexicons, but in the TS فَارِس without ى, which is probably a mistake of the copyists.

a man's humbling himself to another, bending himself and lowering his head—تَكْفِيرٌ

Nearly in the manner termed رُكُوعٌ, as one does when wanting to pay honour to a friend; or as the عِلْج does to the دِهْقَان. And the تكفير of the people of the scriptures [Christians, Jews, and Sabians] lower the head to a friend, like the تَسْلِيم among the Muslims. Or it is one's putting his hand, or both his hands, on his breast.

bending oneself much while standing, in prayer—تكفير

This comes before the action termed رُكُوعٌ; doing it was disapproved by Mohammad, according to a tradition.

when the son of Adam rises in the morning, all the members abase themselves to the tongue—إِذَا أَصْبَحَ ٱبْنُ آدَمَ فَإِنَّ الأَعْضَآءَ تُكَفِّرُ كُلُّهَا لِلِّسَانِ

Said in a tradition: they confess obedience to it and humbly submit to its command.

2.4.1the crowning of a king with a crown—تَكْفِيرٌ

[Because] when he, or it, is seen, obeisance is done to him.

2.4.2

See also تَكْفِيرٌ below.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 2 5 shown of 14
4:31
إِن تَجْتَنِبُوا۟ كَبَآئِرَ مَا تُنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ نُكَفِّرْ عَنكُمْ سَيِّـَٔاتِكُمْ وَنُدْخِلْكُم مُّدْخَلًا كَرِيمًا

If ye (but) eschew the most heinous of the things which ye are forbidden to do, We shall expel out of you all the evil in you, and admit you to a gate of great honour.

5:65
وَلَوْ أَنَّ أَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَٱتَّقَوْا۟ لَكَفَّرْنَا عَنْهُمْ سَيِّـَٔاتِهِمْ وَلَأَدْخَلْنَـٰهُمْ جَنَّـٰتِ ٱلنَّعِيمِ

If only the People of the Book had believed and been righteous, We should indeed have blotted out their iniquities and admitted them to gardens of bliss.

29:7
وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ لَنُكَفِّرَنَّ عَنْهُمْ سَيِّـَٔاتِهِمْ وَلَنَجْزِيَنَّهُمْ أَحْسَنَ ٱلَّذِى كَانُوا۟ يَعْمَلُونَ

Those who believe and work righteous deeds,- from them shall We blot out all evil (that may be) in them, and We shall reward them according to the best of their deeds.

39:35
لِيُكَفِّرَ ٱللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ أَسْوَأَ ٱلَّذِى عَمِلُوا۟ وَيَجْزِيَهُمْ أَجْرَهُم بِأَحْسَنِ ٱلَّذِى كَانُوا۟ يَعْمَلُونَ

So that Allah will turn off from them (even) the worst in their deeds and give them their reward according to the best of what they have done.

65:5
ذَٰلِكَ أَمْرُ ٱللَّهِ أَنزَلَهُۥٓ إِلَيْكُمْ ۚ وَمَن يَتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ يُكَفِّرْ عَنْهُ سَيِّـَٔاتِهِۦ وَيُعْظِمْ لَهُۥٓ أَجْرًا

That is the Command of Allah, which He has sent down to you: and if any one fears Allah, He will remove his ills, from him, and will enlarge his reward.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
, inf. n. تَكْفِيرٌ : see 1, first signification, in three places. Hence, كَفَّرَ الذَّنْبَ It (war in the cause of God [or the like]) covered, or concealed, the crime or sin: (Mgh:) (or expiated it: or annulled it; for] تكفير with respect to acts of disobedience is like إِحْبَاطٌ with respect to reward. (S, K.) The saying in the Kur [v. 70.] لَكَفَّرْنَا عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ means, We would cover, or conceal, their sins, so that they should become as though they had not been: or it may mean, We would do away with their sins; as is indicated by another saying in the Kur [xi. 116,] “ good actions do away with sins. ” (El-Basáïr.) كَفَّرَ ٱللّٰهُ عَنْهُ الذَّنْبَ signifies God effaced his sin. (Msb.) And كَفَّرَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ [He expiated his oath;] he performed, (Msb,) or gave, (K,) what is termed كَفَّارَة [i. e. a fast, or alms, for the expiation of his oath]: (Msb, K:) تَكْفِيرٌ of an oath is the doing what is incumbent, or obligatory, for the violation, or breaking, thereof: (S:) كَفَّرَ يَمِينَهُ is a vulgar phrase. (Mgh.) كَفَّرَهُ as syn. with أَكْفَرَهُ : see 4. كَفَّرَ لَهُ , inf. n. تَكْفِيرٌ , (A, Mgh, TA,) He did obeisance to him, lowering his head, or bowing, and bending himself, and putting his hand upon his breast: (Mgh:) or put his hand upon his breast and bent himself down to him: (TA:) or he made a sign of humbling himself to him; did obeisance to him: (A:) namely, an عِلْج [or unbeliever of the Persians or other foreigners] (A, Mgh) or a ذِمِّىّ [or free non- Muslim subject of a Muslim government, i. e., a Christian, a Jew, or a Sabian] (Mgh) to the king; (A, Mgh;) or a slave to his master, or to his دِهْقَان [or chief]: (TA:) and كَفَرَ , [aor. كَفُرَ , accord. to the rule of of the K,] (TK,) inf. n. كَفْرٌ , (K,) he (a Persian, فَارِسِىٌّ , K, and so in the L and other lexicons, but in the TS فَارِس , without ى , which is probably a mistake of copyists, TA) paid honour to his king, (K, TA,) by making a sing with his head, near to prostration: (TA:) تَكْفِيرٌ is a man's humbling himself to another, (S, K, TA,) bending himself, and lowering his head, nearly in the manner termed رُكُوعٌ ; as one does when he desires to pay honour to his friend; (TA;) or as the عِلْج does to the دِهْقَان : (S:) and the تكفير of the people of the scriptures [or Christians and Jews, and Sabians] one's lowering his head to his friend, like the تَسْلِيم with the Muslims: or one's putting his hand, or his two hands, upon his breast: (TA:) and تكفير in prayer is the bending one's self much in the state of standing, before the action termed رُكُوعٌ ; the doing of which was disapproved by Mohammad, accord. to a trad. (TA.) It is said in a trad., إِذَا أَصْبَحَ ٱبْنُ آدَمَ فَإِنَّ الأَعْضَآءَ تُكَفِّرُ كُلُّهَا لِلِّسَانِ When the son of Adam rises in the morning, verily all the members abase themselves to the tongue, (Mgh, TA,) and confess obedience to it, and humbly submit to its command. (TA.) تَكْفِيرٌ also signifies The crowning a king with a crown, [because] when he, or it, is seen, obeisance is done to him ( إِذَا رُئِىَ كُفِّرَ لَهُ ). (K.) See also تَكْفِيرٌ below.
Form 3كَافَرَنِى حَقِّى1 sense

Core sense — he denied, or disacknowledged, to me my right, or just claimgenerated

3.1when he confesses a thing in the presence of the Kádee, then denies it—إِذَا أَقَرَّ عِنْدَ القَاضِى بِشَىْءٍ ثُمَّ كَافَرَ

He denied, or disacknowledged, to me my right, or just claim.

The saying of 'Ámir; كَافَرَ is thus used in the sense of كَفَرَ.

a man who owed another a debt, and denied it to him, in the case of it, for years—رجُلٌ لَهُ عَلَى آخَرَ دَيْنٌ فَكَافَرَهُ بِهِ سِنِينَ

The saying of Mohammad [the lawyer]; he seems to have made it imply the meaning of المُمَاطَلَة, and so to have made it transitive in the same way as المماطلة is transitive.

Show Lane's original text
He denied, or disacknowledged, to me my right, or just claim. (A, Mgh, K.) Hence the saying of 'Ámir, إِذَا أَقَرَّ عِنْدَ القَاضِى بِشَىْءٍ ثُمَّ كَافَرَ [When he confesses a thing in the presence of the Kádee, then denies, or disacknowledges: كَافَرَ being thus used in the sense of كَفَرَ ]. But as to the saying of Mohammad [the lawyer], رجُلٌ لَهُ عَلَى آخَرَ دَيْنٌ فَكَافَرَهُ بِهِ سِنِينَ [A man who owed to another a debt, and denied to him, in the case of it, for years], he seems to have made it imply the meaning of المُمَاطَلَة , and therefore to have made it trans. in the same manner as المماطلة is trans. (Mgh.)
Form 4اكفرهُ3 senses · 2 main
maṣdarإِكْفَارٌ

Core sense — he called him an unbeliever; he made him an unbelievergenerated

4.1he called him an unbeliever; he accused him of disbelief—كفّرهُ

[The second of these is the more common in the present day.] He called him a كَافِر [i.e. a disbeliever, an unbeliever, or an infidel]; he attributed, imputed, or charged disbelief to him.

Or he said to him كَفَرْتَ [You have become an unbeliever, or You have blasphemed]. In this last sense, “he said to him You have blasphemed,” كفّرهُ, the only sense assigned to it in the Msb, is very common in the present day.

do not attribute disbelief to anyone of the people of your kibleh—لَا تُكْفِرْ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ قِبْلَتِكَ

That is, do not call any such person a disbeliever; or do not make him one by your assertion and your saying.

لَا تُكَفِّرُوا أَهْلَ قِبْلَتِكُمْ is not authorized by the transmission, though it is allowable as a dialectal form.

4.1.1I made him a disbeliever; I compelled him to become an unbeliever—أَكْفَرْتُهُ

.

such a one compelled his companion by ill treatment to become disobedient after being obedient—أَكْفَرَ فُلَانٌ صَاحِبَهُ
the man compelled him who had obeyed him to disobey him—أَكْفَرَ الرَّجُلُ مُطِيعَهُ

Or: he made it necessary for him to disobey him.

4.2he kept, or confined, himself to the village—اكفر

Said of a man; the كَفْر, i.e. the قَرْيَة [town or village]. Also اكتفر.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 4
80:17
قُتِلَ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ مَآ أَكْفَرَهُۥ

Woe to man! What hath made him reject Allah;

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
, (S, A, Mgh, K,) and كفّرهُ , (A, Mgh, Msb,) [the latter of which is the more common in the present day,] He called him a كَافِر [i. e. a disbeliever, an unbeliever, or an infidel]: (S, Mgh, K:) he attributed, or imputed to him, charged him with, or accused him of, disbelief, or infidelity: (S, A, Msb:) or he said to him كَفَرْتَ [Thou hast become an unbeliever, or infidel, or Thou hast blasphemed: in this last sense, “ he said to him Thou hast blasphemed, ” كفّرهُ , to which alone it is assigned in the Msb, is very commonly used in the present day]. (Msb.) Hence the saying, لَا تُكْفِرْ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ قِبْلَتِكَ Do not thou attribute or impute disbelief or infidelity to any one of the people of thy kibleh; (S, TA;) i. e., do not thou call any such a disbeliever, &c.; or do not thou make him such by thine assertion and thy saying. (TA.) لَا تُكَفِّرُوا أَهْلَ قِبْلَتِكُمْ is not authorized by the relation, though it be allowable as a dial. form. (Mgh.) [Also] أَكْفَرْتُهُ , inf. n. إِكْفَارٌ , I made him a disbeliever, an unbeliever, or an infidel; I compelled him to become a disbeliever, &c. (Msb.) And أَكْفَرَ فُلَانٌ صَاحِبَهُ Such a one compelled his companion by evil treatment to become disobedient after he had been obedient. (Mgh.) And أَكْفَرَ الرَّجُلُ مُطِيعَهُ The man compelled him who had obeyed him to disobey him: (T, TA:) or he made him to be under a necessity to disobey him. (TA.) اكفر He (a man, TA) kept, or confined himself, to the كَفْر , (K,) i. e. قَرْيَة [town or village]; (TA;) as also اكتفر . (IAar, K.)
Form 5تكفّر بِالسِّلَاحِ1 sense

Core sense — he covered himself with the arms; he enveloped himself entirely with the garmentgenerated

5.1he wrapped himself up entirely in the garment—تكفّر بِالثَّوْبِ

He covered himself with the arms.

Show Lane's original text
He covered himself with the arms. And تكفّر بِالثَّوْبِ He enveloped himself entirely with the garment. (A.)
Form 8إِكْتَفَرَ1 sense

Core sense — he kept, or confined, himself to the town or villagegenerated

8.1

See Form 4, last meaning.

Show Lane's original text
see 4, last signification.

Derived nouns 17

Nounكَفْرٌ5 senses · 4 main

Core sense — the darkness and blackness of night; a grave; a town or villagegenerated

1

The darkness and blackness of night, because it conceals things; sometimes also كِفْرٌ. [See also كَافِرٌ.]

See a verse cited under ذُكَآءُ.

2

Earth, or dust, because it conceals what is beneath it.

3O God, pardon the people of the graves—أَللّهُمَّ ٱغْفِرْ لِأَهْلِ الكُفُورِ

[Hence also] a grave, or sepulchre; plural كُفُورٌ.

4such a town and its village—القَرْيَةُ الفُلَانِيَّةُ وَكَفْرُهَا

[And hence, perhaps,] a town, or village, generally the latter; synonymous with قَرْيَةٌ, a Syriac word, mostly used by the people of Syria [and of Egypt]. Or, according to El-Harbee, land that is far from people, by which no one passes. Plural كُفُورٌ.

In the present day it is applied in Egypt to any small قَرْيَة [or village] beside a great قَرْيَة [or town].

Sometimes one قَرْيَة has a number of كُفُور.

the people of the villages are the people of the graves—أَهْلُ الكُفُورِ هُمْ أَهْلُ القُبُورِ

The saying of Mo'áwiyeh, meaning that they are like the dead: they do not see the great towns or the performance of the Friday congregational prayers. By الكفور he meant the villages remote from the great towns and from the places where people of science gather, so that ignorance prevails among their inhabitants and they are most quickly affected by innovations in religion and by desires that lead astray.

the Greeks will certainly drive you out from them, village by village—لَيُخْرِجَنَّكُمُ ٱلرُّومُ مِنْهَا كَفْرًا كَفْرًا

A tradition of Aboo-Hureyreh; that is, from the فُرًى of Syria.

4.1one upon another; one part upon another—كَفْرٌ عَلَى كَفْرٍ
Show Lane's original text
The darkness and blackness of night; [because it conceals things;] as also, sometimes, كِفْرٌ . (S, K.) [See also كَافِرٌ .] See a verse cited voce ذُكَآءُ . Earth, or dust; because it conceals what is beneath it. (Lh.) [Hence also] A grave, or sepulchre: (S, K:) pl. كُفُورٌ . (S.) Whence the saying, أَللّهُمَّ ٱغْفِرْ لِأَهْلِ الكُفُورِ [O God, pardon the people of the graves]. (S.) [And hence, perhaps,] A town, or village; [generally the latter;] syn. قَرْيَةٌ : (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) a Syriac word, and mostly used by the people of Syria [and of Egypt]: or, accord. to El-Harbee, land that is far from men, by which no one passes: (TA:) pl. كُفُورٌ : (S, Msb:) in the present day, it is applied in Egypt to any small قَرْيَة [or village] by the side of a great قَرْيَة [or town]: they say القَرْيَةُ الفُلَانِيَّةُ وَكَفْرُهَا [Such a town and its village]: and sometimes one قَرْيَة has a number of كُفُور . (TA.) Hence the saying of Mo'áwiyeh, أَهْلُ الكُفُورِ هُمْ أَهْلُ القُبُورِ [The people of the villages are the people of the graves]; meaning, that they are as the dead; they do not see the great towns and the performance of the congregational prayers of Friday: (S, Mgh:) by الكفور he meant the villages ( القُرَى ) remote from the great towns and from the places where the people of science assemble, so that ignorance prevails among their inhabitants, and they are most quickly affected by innovations in religion and by natural desires which cause to err. (Az, TA.) Hence also the trad. (of Aboo-Hureyreh, TA), لَيُخْرِجَنَّكُمُ ٱلرُّومُ مِنْهَا كَفْرًا كَفْرًا [The Greeks will assuredly expel you from them, town by town, or village by village]; (S, * TA;) i. e. from the فُرًى of Syria. (S, TA.) كَفْرٌ عَلَى كَفْرٍ also signifies One upon another; or one part upon another. (TA.)
Nounكُفْرٌ3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — ingratitude, denial of God's favours; disbelief, unbelief; tar, or pitchgenerated

1

See Form 1. As a simple noun: ingratitude, and the like.

1.1

And particularly denial, or disacknowledgment, of favours or benefits, especially of those conferred by God; and disbelief, unbelief, infidelity.

It is of four kinds: كُفْرُ إِنْكَارٍ, the denial of God with the heart and the tongue, having no knowledge of what one is told of the unity of God [and the like]; كُفْرُ جُحُودٍ, acknowledgment with the heart without confessing with the tongue, [or the disacknowledgment of God with the tongue while the heart acknowledges Him;] كُفْرُ المُعَانَدَةِ, the knowledge of God with the heart and confession with the tongue, with refusal to accept [the truth]; and كُفْرُ النِّفَاقِ, confession with the tongue with disbelief in the heart. All of these are unpardonable.

The greatest كُفْر is the denial of the unity [of God], or of the prophetic office [of Mohammad and others], or of the law of God. (El-Basáïr.)

[Also blasphemy. Its plural, as a simple noun in all these senses, is said to be كُفُورٌ.]

Akh says that كُفُورًا [in the accusative case] in the Kur 17:101 — to which may be added 17:91 and 25:52 — is the plural of كُفْرٌ, just as بُرُودٌ is the plural of بُرْدٌ.

Qur’ān 17:99 approximate — somewhere between 17:80 and 17:110 Lane cites “Kur xvii. 101”
Qur’ān 17:99 the verse Lane’s citation points to, and it uses this root
أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا۟ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضَ قَادِرٌ عَلَىٰٓ أَن يَخْلُقَ مِثْلَهُمْ وَجَعَلَ لَهُمْ أَجَلًا لَّا رَيْبَ فِيهِ فَأَبَى ٱلظَّـٰلِمُونَ إِلَّا كُفُورًا

See they not that Allah, Who created the heavens and the earth, has power to create the like of them (anew)? Only He has decreed a term appointed, of which there is no doubt. But the unjust refuse (to receive it) except with ingratitude.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

2

Tar, or pitch, synonymous with قِيرٌ, with which ships are smeared; there are three sorts, كُفْرٌ, قِيرٌ, and زِفتٌ.

كفر is melted, and then ships are smeared with it; [apparently the source of its name, from its being a covering.] زفت is used for smearing skins for wine and the like.

Qur’ānic occurrences كُفْر 3 shown of 34
2:88
وَقَالُوا۟ قُلُوبُنَا غُلْفٌۢ ۚ بَل لَّعَنَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِكُفْرِهِمْ فَقَلِيلًا مَّا يُؤْمِنُونَ

They say, "Our hearts are the wrappings (which preserve Allah's Word: we need no more)." Nay, Allah's curse is on them for their blasphemy: Little is it they believe.

4:156
وَبِكُفْرِهِمْ وَقَوْلِهِمْ عَلَىٰ مَرْيَمَ بُهْتَـٰنًا عَظِيمًا

That they rejected Faith; that they uttered against Mary a grave false charge;

30:44
مَن كَفَرَ فَعَلَيْهِ كُفْرُهُۥ ۖ وَمَنْ عَمِلَ صَـٰلِحًا فَلِأَنفُسِهِمْ يَمْهَدُونَ

Those who reject Faith will suffer from that rejection: and those who work righteousness will spread their couch (of repose) for themselves (in heaven):

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
: see 1. [As a simple subst., Ingratitude, &c. And particularly Denial, or disacknowledgment, of favours or benefits, and especially of those conferred by God: and disbelief, unbelief; infidelity.] It is of four kinds: كُفْرُ إِنْكَارٍ the denial, or disacknowledgment, of God, with the heart and the tongue, having no knowledge of what is told one of the unity of God [&c.]: and كُفْرُ جُحُودٍ the acknowledgment with the heart without confessing with the tongue: [or the disacknowledgment of God with the tongue while the heart acknowledges Him:] and كُفْرُ المُعَانَدَةِ the knowledge of God with the heart, and confession with the tongue, with refusal to accept [the truth]: and كُفْرُ النِّفَاقِ the confession with the tongue with disbelief in the heart: all of these are unpardonable: (L, TA:) the greatest كُفْر is the denial, or disacknowledgment, of the unity [of God], or of the prophetic office [of Mohammad and others], or of the law of God. (El-Basáïr.) [Also, Blasphemy. Its pl., as a simple subst. in all these senses, is said to be كُفُورٌ .]. Akh says, that كُفُورًا [in the accus. case] in the Kur xvii. 101, [to which may be added v. 91 of the same ch., and xxv. 52,] is pl. of كُفْرٌ , like as بُرُودٌ is pl. of بُرْدٌ . (S.) Tar, or pitch, syn. قِيرٌ ; with which ships are smeared; (K;) of which there are three sorts, كُفْرٌ and قِيرٌ and زِفتٌ : كفر is melted, and then ships are smeared with it: [whence, app., its name, from its being a covering:] زفت is used for smearing skins for wine, &c. (ISh.)
Nounكِفْرٌ1 sense

Core sense — the darkness and blackness of nightgenerated

1

See كَفْرٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see كَفْرٌ .
Nounكَفَرٌ1 sense

Core sense — the darkness and blackness of nightgenerated

1

See كَافُورٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see كَافُورٌ .
Nounكَفْرَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — earth, or dust, that covers what is beneath itgenerated

1

See كَافِرٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see كَافِرٌ .
Nounكُفَرَّى1 sense

Core sense — the spathe of the spadix of a palm-treegenerated

1

This word and its variations: see كَافُورٌ.

Show Lane's original text
, and its variations: see كَافُورٌ .
Nounكَفُورٌ1 sense

Core sense — very ungrateful, or unthankful, especially to God; disbelievinggenerated

1

See كافر.

Qur’ānic occurrences كَفُور 1 shown of 12
76:3
إِنَّا هَدَيْنَـٰهُ ٱلسَّبِيلَ إِمَّا شَاكِرًا وَإِمَّا كَفُورًا

We showed him the Way: whether he be grateful or ungrateful (rests on his will).

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
: see كافر .
Nounكَفَّارٌ1 sense

Core sense — habitually ungrateful, especially to God; a disbelievergenerated

1

See كافر.

Qur’ānic occurrences كَفَّار 1 shown of 5
50:24
أَلْقِيَا فِى جَهَنَّمَ كُلَّ كَفَّارٍ عَنِيدٍ

(The sentence will be:) "Throw, throw into Hell every contumacious Rejecter (of Allah)!-

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
: see كافر .
Nounكَفَّارَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — an expiation for a sin, a crime, or a violated oathgenerated

1

A noun from تَكْفِيرُ اليَمِينِ, or an intensive adjective in which the quality of a noun predominates; signifying [an expiation for a sin, crime, or violated oath;] an action, or a quality, which has the effect of effacing a wrong action, sin, or crime; that which covers, or conceals, sins or crimes.

Such as the كفّارة for oaths [violated], that for [the kind of divorce termed] ظِهَار, and that for unintentional homicide; an expiation such as almsgiving, fasting, and the like. Plural كَفَّارَاتٌ.

Show Lane's original text
a subst. from تَكْفِيرُ اليَمِينِ , (S,) or an intensive epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates; signifying [An expiation for a sin or crime or a violated oath;] an action, or a quality, which has the effect of effacing a wrong action or sin or crime; (TA;) that which covers, or conceals, sins or crimes; such as the كفّارة of oaths [violated], and that of [the kind of divorce termed] ظِهَار , and of unintentional homicide; (T, TA;) an expiation ( مَا كُفِّرَ بِهِ ), such as an alms-giving, and a fasting, and the like: (K:) pl. كَفَّارَاتٌ . (T, TA.)
Nounكَافِرٌ15 senses · 3 main

Core sense — ungrateful to God, a disbeliever; night, or the sea; wearing armsgenerated

1

A sower; or a tiller of the ground, because he covers the seed over with earth. Plural كُفَّارٌ.

The plural is said by some to be used in this sense in the Kur 57:19.

Qur’ān 57:20 approximate — somewhere between 57:16 and 57:21 Lane cites “Kur lvii. 19”
Qur’ān 57:20 the verse Lane’s citation points to, and it uses this root
ٱعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّمَا ٱلْحَيَوٰةُ ٱلدُّنْيَا لَعِبٌ وَلَهْوٌ وَزِينَةٌ وَتَفَاخُرٌۢ بَيْنَكُمْ وَتَكَاثُرٌ فِى ٱلْأَمْوَٰلِ وَٱلْأَوْلَـٰدِ ۖ كَمَثَلِ غَيْثٍ أَعْجَبَ ٱلْكُفَّارَ نَبَاتُهُۥ ثُمَّ يَهِيجُ فَتَرَىٰهُ مُصْفَرًّا ثُمَّ يَكُونُ حُطَـٰمًا ۖ وَفِى ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرِضْوَٰنٌ ۚ وَمَا ٱلْحَيَوٰةُ ٱلدُّنْيَآ إِلَّا مَتَـٰعُ ٱلْغُرُورِ

Know ye (all), that the life of this world is but play and amusement, pomp and mutual boasting and multiplying, (in rivalry) among yourselves, riches and children. Here is a similitude: How rain and the growth which it brings forth, delight (the hearts of) the tillers; soon it withers; thou wilt see it grow yellow; then it becomes dry and crumbles away. But in the Hereafter is a Penalty severe (for the devotees of wrong). And Forgiveness from Allah and (His) Good Pleasure (for the devotees of Allah). And what is the life of this world, but goods and chattels of deception?Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

1.1

Dark clouds, or a dark cloud, because it conceals what is beneath it.

1.2

Night; or intensely black night, because it conceals everything by its darkness.

1.3

The darkness, because it covers what is beneath it; also كَفْرَةٌ according to the copies of the K, but in the L كَفْرٌ, which see.

1.4

The sea, for the same reason.

Thaalabeh Ibn-So'eyr El-Mazinee says, describing a male and a female ostrich and their return to their eggs at sunset: [And they remembered goods placed side by side, after the sun had cast its right side into a sea]

shāhid
فَتَذَكَّرَا ثَقَلًا رَثِيدًا بَعْدَمَاأَلْقَتْ ذُكَآءُ يَمِينَهَا فِى كَافِرِ

That is, the sun had begun to set; or the poet may mean night by كافر. But Sgh says the right reading is تَذَكَّرَتْ, the pronoun referring to the female ostrich.

1.5

Also a great river, used in this sense by El-Mutalemmis; and a great valley.

1.6

[A man] staying, or abiding, in a place, and hiding himself. [See an example under عَرْشٌ.]

1.7do not become again, after me, wearers of arms preparing for fight—لَا تَرْجِعُوا بِعْدِى كُفَّارًا يَضْرِبُ بَعْضُكُمْ رِقَابَ بَعْضٍ

[A man] wearing arms; covered with arms; also مُكَفِّرٌ, مُتَكَفِّرٌ, and مُكَفَّرٌ, or this last means bound fast in iron, as though covered and concealed by it. Plural of the first, كُفَّارٌ.

Said by Mohammad during the pilgrimage of valediction; “after me” means after my death, and the saying continues, “one party of you smiting the necks of others.” As though he meant by this to forbid war. Or: do not become unbelievers after me; that is, do not call people unbelievers, and so become unbelievers yourselves.

1.8

A coat of mail, because it conceals what is beneath it.

1.9

One who has covered his coat of mail with a garment worn over it.

1.10a garment that is worn over the coat of mail—كَافِرُ الدُّرُوعِ
2

One who denies, or disacknowledges, the favours or benefits of God; ungrateful, unthankful, especially to God.

One who denies the unity [of God], the prophetic office [of Mohammad and others], and the law of God altogether, according to the common conventional acceptance: a disbeliever, an unbeliever, an infidel, a miscreant; the opposite of مُؤْمِنٌ. (El-Basáïr.)

So called because he conceals the favours of God; or because his heart is covered, as though the word were of the measure فَاعِلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ; or because كُفْر covers his heart altogether, that is, he has a covering over his heart; or because, when God invites him to acknowledge His unity, He invites him to accept His favours, and when he refuses, he covers the favour of God, shutting it out from himself.

Feminine with ة. Masculine plurals كَفَرَةٌ, the most common plural of كافر in the first of the senses explained above, (El-Basáïr,) and كُفَّارٌ, the most common plural of the same word in the last of those senses, as the opposite of مؤمن, (El-Basáïr,) and كِفَارٌ and كَافِرُونَ; feminine plurals كَوَافِرُ and كَافِرَاتٌ.

رَجُلٌ كَفَّارٌ and كَفُورٌ mean the same as كَافِرٌ; or كَفُورٌ is an intensive adjective, meaning very ungrateful, or unthankful, especially to God: so in the Kur 22:65 and 43:14.

كَفَّارٌ is more intensive than كَفُورٌ, meaning habitually ungrateful and the like: so in the Kur ا 23; but sometimes it is used in the sense of كَفُورٌ, as in the Kur 14:37. (El-Basáïr.)

كَفُورٌ is feminine as well as masculine; its plural is كُفُرٌ, also both masculine and feminine; and it has no unbroken plural.

Qur’ān 22:64 approximate — somewhere between 22:36 and 22:78 Lane cites “Kur xxii. 65”
Qur’ān 14:32 approximate — somewhere between 14:27 and 14:52 Lane cites “Kur xiv. 37”
2.1

Also, simply, denying, or disacknowledging; a denier: followed by بِ before the thing denied. Plural كَافِرُونَ; so in the Kur 2:38 and 28:48.

Qur’ān 2:40 approximate — somewhere between 2:29 and 2:55 Lane cites “Kur ii. 38”
2.2

[Also blaspheming; a blasphemer.]

3

See also كَافُورٌ.

Qur’ānic occurrences كَافِر 5 shown of 26
54:43
أَكُفَّارُكُمْ خَيْرٌ مِّنْ أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكُمْ أَمْ لَكُم بَرَآءَةٌ فِى ٱلزُّبُرِ

Are your Unbelievers, (O Quraish), better than they? Or have ye an immunity in the Sacred Books?

64:2
هُوَ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَكُمْ فَمِنكُمْ كَافِرٌ وَمِنكُم مُّؤْمِنٌ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ

It is He Who has created you; and of you are some that are Unbelievers, and some that are Believers: and Allah sees well all that ye do.

80:42
أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْكَفَرَةُ ٱلْفَجَرَةُ

Such will be the Rejecters of Allah, the doers of iniquity.

83:34
فَٱلْيَوْمَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ مِنَ ٱلْكُفَّارِ يَضْحَكُونَ

But on this Day the Believers will laugh at the Unbelievers:

83:36
هَلْ ثُوِّبَ ٱلْكُفَّارُ مَا كَانُوا۟ يَفْعَلُونَ

Will not the Unbelievers have been paid back for what they did?

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
A sower: (S, K:) or a tiller of the ground: (Msb:) because he covers over the seed with earth: (S, Msb: *) pl. كُفَّارٌ . (S, TA.) The pl. is said by some to be thus used in the Kur lvii. 19. (TA.) Dark clouds, or a dark cloud; (K;) because it conceals what is beneath it. (TA.) Night: (K:) or intensely black night; because it conceals everything by its darkness. (S.) The darkness; (K;) because it covers what is beneath it; (TA;) as also كَفْرَةٌ , accord. to the copies of the K; but in the L, كَفْرٌ , q. v. (TA.) The sea; (S, A, K;) for the same reason. (TA.) Thaalabeh Ibn- So'eyr El-Mazinee says, (S, TA,) describing a male and a female ostrich and their returning to their eggs at sunset, (TA,) 1 [And they remembered goods placed side by side, after the sun had cast its right side into a sea]; i. e., the sun had begun to set: or the poet may mean [by كافر ] night: (S, TA:) but Sgh says, that the right reading is تَذَكَّرَتْ ; the pronoun referring to the female ostrich. (TA.) فَتَذَكَّرَا ثَقَلًا رَثِيدًا بَعْدَمَا | أَلْقَتْ ذُكَآءُ يَمِينَهَا فِى كَافِرِ Also, A great river: (S, K:) used in this sense by El-Mutalemmis: (S:) and a great valley. (K.) [A man] staying, or abiding, [in a place,] and hiding himself. (TA.) [See an ex. voce عَرْشٌ .] [A man] wearing arms; covered with arms: (Az, K:) as also مُكَفِّرٌ (A, K) and مُتَكَفِّرٌ (S, A) and مُكَفَّرٌ : (A:) or this last signifies bound fast in iron; (K, TA;) as though covered and concealed by it: (TA:) pl. of the first, كُفَّارٌ . (K.) Hence the following, (K,) said by Mohammad during the pilgrimage of valediction, (TA,) لَا تَرْجِعُوا بِعْدِى كُفَّارًا يَضْرِبُ بَعْضُكُمْ رِقَابَ بَعْضٍ (K) [Do not ye become again, after me, i. e., after my death,] wearers of arms, preparing yourselves for fight, [one party of you smiting the necks of others;] as though he meant thereby to forbid war: (AM, TA:) or [do not ye become unbelievers, after me, &c.; i. e.,] do not ye call people unbelievers, and so become unbelievers [yourselves]. (AM, K, TA.) A coat of mail; (Sgh, K;) because it conceals what is beneath it. (TA.) One who has covered his coat of mail with a garment worn over it. (S.) كَافِرُ الدُّرُوعِ A garment that is worn over the coat of mail. (A.) One who denies, or disacknowledges, the favours or benefits of God: (K:) [ungrateful; unthankful; especially to God:] one who denies, or disacknowledges, the unity [of God], and the prophetic office [of Mohammad and others], and the law of God, altogether, accord. to the common conventional acceptation: a disbeliever; an unbeliever; an infidel; a miscreant; contr. of مُؤْمِنٌ : (El- Basáïr:) because he conceals the favours of God: (S:) or because his heart is covered; as though it were of the measure فَاعِلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ : (IDrd, TA:) or because كُفْر covers his heart altogether: (Lth, TA:) i. e. having a covering to his heart: or because, when God invites him to acknowledge his unity, He invites him to accept his favours; and when he refuses to do so, he covers the favour of God, excluding it from him: (Az, TA:) fem. with ة : (S, Msb, K:) pl. masc. كَفَرَةٌ , (S, Msb, K,) the most common pl. of كافر in the first of the senses explained above, (El-Basáïr,) and كُفَّارٌ , (S, Msb, K,) the most common pl. of the same in the last of those senses, as contr. of مؤمن , (El-Basáïr,) and كِفَارٌ (S, K) and كَافِرُونَ : (Msb:) and pl. fem. كَوَافِرُ (S, Msb, K) and كَافِرَاتٌ : (Msb:) and رَجُلٌ كَفَّارٌ , and كَفُورٌ signify the same as كَافِرٌ : (K:) or كَفُورٌ is an intensive epithet, meaning very ungrateful, or unthankful, [&c., especially to God]: so in the Kur xxii. 65, and xliii. 14: and كَفَّارٌ has a more intensive signification than كَفُورٌ , [meaning habitually ungrateful, &c.:] os in the Kur ا 23: but sometimes it is used in the sense of كَفُورٌ ; as in the Kur xiv. 37: (ElBasáïr:) كَفُورٌ is fem. as well as masc.; (TA;) and its pl. is كُفُرٌ , (K, * TA,) also both masc. and fem.; and it has no unbroken pl. (TA.) Also, simply, Denying, or disacknowledging; a denier, or disacknowledger: followed by بِ before the thing denied: pl. كَافِرُونَ : (S, TA;) so in the Kur ii. 38, (TA,) and xxviii. 48. (S, TA.) [Also, Blaspheming; a blasphemer.] See also كَافُورٌ .
Nounكَافُورٌ8 senses · 6 main

Core sense — the spathe of a palm-tree's spadix; camphor; a fountain in paradisegenerated

1

The spathe, or envelope, of the طَلْع [or spadix] of a palm-tree, or its upper covering; the كِمّ of a palm-tree.

Also كُفَرَّى, with damm to the ك, fet-h to the ف, and teshdeed to the ر; or كُفُرَّى [so in the copies of the K, and I have found it written so in other works, so that both forms appear to be correct]; and كَفَرَّى, كِفِرَّى, كَافِرٌ, and كَفَرٌ. So called because it conceals what is within it.

Or, according to AA and Fr, the طَلْع [by which they probably mean the spathe, for, as is said in the Mgh, it is applied by some to the كِمّ (or spathe) before it bursts open].

كفرّى is sometimes masculine, though more properly and commonly feminine.

IAar says: I heard Umm-Rabáh say هٰذِهِ كفرّى and هٰذَا كفّرى. The plural of كَافُورٌ is كَوَافِيرُ, and the plural of كَافِرٌ is كَوَافِرُ.

1.1figurative · مجاز

Also the زَمَع of the grape-vine, that is, the leaves which cover what is within them of the raceme, likened to the كافور of the طلع; the كِمّ [or calyx] of the grapes before the blossom comes forth, because they cover the unopened raceme.

According to IF, also كُفَرَّى, plural كَوَافِيرُ and كَوَافِرُ according to the K; but it is well known that the first is the plural of كافور and the second of كافر.

1.2figurative · مجاز — inferred

And, according to some, the envelope [or calyx] of any plant.

2

[Camphor;] a well-known kind of perfume, from certain trees [the laurus camphora of Linn.] in the mountains of the sea of India and China, which give shade to many people or creatures, being great and having many spreading branches, which leopards or panthers frequent, and the wood of which is white and easily broken.

The كافور is found inside it, and is of various kinds, red in colour, and becoming white only by تَصْعِيد [or sublimation].

3

According to the M, a mixture of perfume made with the spathe of the spadix of the palm-tree.

4the pious shall drink a cup of wine whose mixture is Káfoor—إِنَّ ٱلْأَبْرَارَ يَشْرَبُونَ مِنْ كَأْسٍ كَانَ مِزَاجُهَا كَافُورًا

A certain spring, or fountain, in paradise.

So in the Kur 76:5.

IDrd says that it should be imperfectly declined, because it is a feminine [proper] name, determinate, of more than three letters, but that it is made perfectly declined for the conformity of the ends of the verses.

Th says that it is made perfectly declined because it is used by way of comparison, and that if it were a proper name of the spring it would be imperfectly declined. ISd says Th means: whose mixture is like كافور [or camphor].

Zj says that it may mean that the taste of perfume and كافور is in it, or that it is mixed with كافور.

5

A certain plant [which I believe to be the same as the camphorata Monspeliensis; see my “Thousand and One Nights,” chapter 28, note 6] of sweet odour, the flower of which is white, like the flower of the أُقْحُوَان [or camomile].

6

IDrd says: I do not think كافور is Arabic, because they sometimes say قَفُورٌ and قَافُورٌ.

Qur’ānic occurrences كَافُور
76:5
إِنَّ ٱلْأَبْرَارَ يَشْرَبُونَ مِن كَأْسٍ كَانَ مِزَاجُهَا كَافُورًا

As to the Righteous, they shall drink of a Cup (of Wine) mixed with Kafur,-

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
The spathe, or envelope of the طَلْع [or spadix], (As, S, K, TA,) or upper covering thereof, (TA,) of a palm-tree; (As, S, K, TA;) the كِمّ of a palm-tree: (Mgh, Msb:) as also كُفَرَّى , (S, Mgh, Msb,) with damm to the ك and fet-h to the ف and teshdeed to the ر , (Mgh, Msb,) or كُفُرَّى , [so in the copies of the K, and so I have found it written in other works, so that both forms appear to be correct,] and كَفَرَّى and كِفِرَّى , (K, * TA,) and كَافِرٌ (AHn, K) and كَفَرٌ : (K:) so called because it conceals what is within it: (Mgh, Msb:) or, accord. to AA and Fr, the طَلْع [by which they probably mean the spathe, for, as is said in the Mgh, it is applied by some to the كِمّ (or spathe) before it bursts open]: (S:) [ كفرّى is sometimes masc., though more properly and commonly fem.:] IAar says, I heard Umm-Rabáh say. هٰذِهِ كفرّى and هٰذَا كفّرى : (TA:) the pl. of كَافُورٌ is كَوَافِيرُ ; and the pl. of كَافِرٌ is كَوَافِرُ . (TA.) Also The زَمَع of the grape-vine; (K, TA;) i. e., the leaves which cover what is within them of the raceme; likened to the كافور of the طلع ; (TA;) the كِمّ [or calyx] of the grapes, before the blossom comes forth; because they cover the unopened raceme; accord. to IF, as also كُفَرَّى : (Msb:) pl. كَوَافِيرُ and كَوَافِرُ , accord. to the K; but it is well known that the former is pl. of كافور , and the latter of كافر . (TA.) And, accord. to some, The envelope [or calyx] of any plant. (TA.) [Camphor;] a kind of perfume, (S, K,) well known, from certain trees [the laurus camphora of Linn.] in the mountains of the sea of India and China, which afford shadow to many people or creatures, (K,) by reason of its greatness and its many spreading branches, (TA,) which leopards or panthers frequent, and the wood of which is white and easily broken; the كافور is found within it, and is of various kinds, in colour red, and becoming white only by تَصْعِيد [or sublimation]. (K.) Accord. to the M, A mixture of perfume, composed of the spathe ( كافور ) of the spadix of the palm-tree. (TA.) A certain spring, or fountain, in paradise. (Fr. K.) So in the Kur [lxxvi. 5,] إِنَّ ٱلْأَبْرَارَ يَشْرَبُونَ مِنْ كَأْسٍ كَانَ مِزَاجُهَا كَافُورًا [Verily the pious shall drink a cup of wine whereof the mixture is Káfoor]. (Fr.) IDrd says, that it should be imperfectly decl., because it is a fem. [proper] name, determinate, of more than three letters; but it is made perfectly decl. for the conformity of the ends of the verses: Th says, that it is made perfectly decl. because it is used by way of comparison; and that if it were a [proper] name of the spring, or fountain, it would be imperfectly decl.: Th means, says ISd, whereof the mixture is like كافور [or camphor]: and Zj says, that it may mean that the taste of perfume and كافور is in it, or that it is mixed with كافور . (TA.) A certain plant, (Lth, K,) [which I believe to he the same as the camphorata Monspeliensis, see my “ Thousand and One Nights, ” ch. xxviii. note 6,] of sweet odour, (ISd, K,) the flower of which is (Lth, K) white, (Lth,) like the flower of the أُقْحُوَان [or camomile]. (Lth, K.) IDrd says, I do not think the كافور is Arabic, because they sometimes say قَفُورٌ and قَافُورٌ . (TA.)
Nounأَكْفَرُ1 sense

Core sense — more, or most, ungrateful, especially to God; or disbelievinggenerated

1

[More, or most, ungrateful or unthankful, especially to God; or disbelieving, or unbelieving.]

Show Lane's original text
[More, or most, ungrateful or unthank- ful, especially to God; or disbelieving or unbelieving]. (TA.)
Nounتَكْفِيرٌ1 sense

Core sense — the crown of a kinggenerated

1

As a noun: the crown of a king.

Show Lane's original text
, as a subst., The crown of a king. (ISd, K.)
Nounمُكْفَّرٌ2 senses

Core sense — a bird covered with feathers; a beneficent man treated with ingratitudegenerated

1

A bird covered with feathers.

See also كَافِرٌ and see مَكْفُورٌ.

2

One who, though beneficent, is met with ingratitude; a benefactor whose kindness is not gratefully acknowledged.

Show Lane's original text
A bird covered with feathers. (A.) See also كَافِرٌ : and see مَكْفُورٌ . One who, though beneficent, is regarded, or treated, with ingratitude; (K;) a benefactor whose beneficence is not gratefully acknowledged. (A.)
Nounمُكَفِّرٌ1 sense

Core sense — wearing arms, covered with armsgenerated

1

See كَافِرٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see كَافِرٌ .
Nounرَمَادٌ مَكْفُورٌ1 sense

Core sense — ashes covered over by dust swept upon them by the windgenerated

1

Ashes over which the wind has swept the dust so that it has covered them.

See also مُكَفَّرٌ.

Show Lane's original text
Ashes upon which the wind has swept the dust so that it has covered them. (S.) See also مُكَفَّرٌ .
Nounمُتَكَفِّرٌ1 sense

Core sense — covering himself with arms, wearing armsgenerated

1

See كَافِرٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see كَافِرٌ .