muḍāriʿـِيَفْعِلُmaṣdarكَسْبٌ
Core sense — he gained, or earned, wealth; he did a deed, good or evilgenerated
1.1he collected wealth and the like—اكتسبهُ
maṣdar كَسْبٌ and كِسْبٌ.
This is the original meaning.
1.1.1he gained, or earned, wealth or the like—اكتسب
كَسَبْتُ شَيْئًا and اكْتَسَبْتُهُ mean the same: I gained a thing.
1.1.2he sought to gain sustenance for his family—كَسَبَ
he sought to gain sustenance for his family—اكتسب
he sought to gain sustenance for his family—تكسّب
Or كَسَبَ means he obtained, gained, or earned sustenance and the like, while اكتسب means he applied himself with skill and diligence to earn it.
تكسّب is also explained by تَكَلَّفَ الكَسْبَ: he applied himself, as to a task, to gain and the like.
1.1.3he sought sustenance; and he laboured in seeking sustenance—كَسَبَ
Both meanings are said to belong to it, and to be original.
1.1.4figurative · مجازhe gained, or earned, or did, good—كَسَبَ خَيْرًا
اكتسب is more intensive than كَسَبَ. So in the last verse of chapter 2 of the Qur'ān, لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا مَا ٱكْتَسَبَتْ [To it shall be given what reward it has earned, and upon it shall be executed what punishment it has drawn upon itself], the latter is used of what is good and the former of what is evil.
he gained, or earned, or did, evil—اكتسب شَرًّا
1.1.5he did a deed, whether good or evil—كَسَبَ
he committed an act for which he could be blamed—اكتسب
he committed, or burdened himself with, a sin or crime—كَسَبَ إِثْمًا
The distinction just made is not always observed, since one who acts so earns, or draws upon himself, reward or punishment.
اكتسبهُ has the same meaning; it is explained by تَحَمَّلَ.
Lane cites “Jel in ii. 281” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given
Lane cites “Jel in xxxiii. 58” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given
1.1.6he caused him to gain wealth; or he helped him to gain wealth—كَسَبَهُ مَالًا
اكسبهُ مالا is used in the same way, but the headword is the more approved; this variant is rejected by Fr and some others.
he caused him to gain knowledge—كسبهُ عِلْمًا
I caused the slave to gain, or to make gain—اسْتَكْسَبْتُ العَبْدَ
Here the verb has the sense of the measure أَفْعَلْتُهُ, just as اِسْتَخْرَجْتُهُ means أَخْرَجْتُهُ. See an example under أَدِيمٌ.
1.1.7[He (Mohammad) forbade the making of female slaves to earn money, or the like, by prostitution]—نَهَى عَنْ كَسْبِ الإِمَاءِ
1.1.8his children—مَا كَسَبَ
So this is said to mean in the Qur'ān 111:2. A man's children are among the things called his كَسْب.
1.1.9it made him wonder—كَسَبَهُ عَجَبًا
Mentioned under أَعْجَبَ.
Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1 5 shown of 57
10:8
أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ مَأْوَىٰهُمُ ٱلنَّارُ بِمَا كَانُوا۟ يَكْسِبُونَTheir abode is the Fire, because of the (evil) they earned.
15:84
فَمَآ أَغْنَىٰ عَنْهُم مَّا كَانُوا۟ يَكْسِبُونَAnd of no avail to them was all that they did (with such art and care)!
42:34
أَوْ يُوبِقْهُنَّ بِمَا كَسَبُوا۟ وَيَعْفُ عَن كَثِيرٍOr He can cause them to perish because of the (evil) which (the men) have earned; but much doth He forgive.
74:38
كُلُّ نَفْسٍۭ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌEvery soul will be (held) in pledge for its deeds.
111:2
مَآ أَغْنَىٰ عَنْهُ مَالُهُۥ وَمَا كَسَبَNo profit to him from all his wealth, and all his gains!
Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.
Show Lane's original text
, aor. كَسِبَ , inf. n. كَسْبٌ (S, K, Msb) and كِسْبٌ (K), He collected (wealth &c.]; (S, K;) as also اكتسبهُ . (S.) This is the original signification. (S.) [Hence,] He gained, acquired, or earned, wealth or the like; as also اكتسب . (Msb.) كَسَبْتُ شَيْئًا and اكْتَسَبْتُهُ are syn., [signifying I gained a thing]. (S.) Hence [also], كَسَبَ and اكتسب (S, K, Msb) and تكسّب (K) He sought, sought after, or sought to gain, sustenance, or the like, (S, K,) for his family: (Msb:) or كَسَبَ signifies he got, or obtained, or gained, acquired, or earned, [sustenance, &c.]; and اكتسب , he applied himself with art and diligence [to get, or obtain, or gain, acquire, or earn, sustenance &c.; he laboured to earn, or gain, sustenance]: (Sb, K:) [so] also تكسّب is explained by تَكَلَّفَ الكَسْبَ he applied himself, as to a task, to gain, &c. (S.) كَسَبَ is also said to signify, and originally, both he sought, or sought after, [sustenance]; and he laboured in seeking, or seeking after, sustenance. (TA.) اكتسب has a more intensive signification than كَسَبَ ; and hence, in the last verse of the second chap. of the Kur [ لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا مَا ٱكْتَسَبَتْ To it shall be given what reward it hath earned, and upon it shall be executed what punishment it hath drawn upon itself], the latter is used with reference to what is good; and the former, with reference to what is evil. (IJ.) You say, كَسَبَ خَيْرًا [He gained, or earned, or did, good]: and اكتسب شَرًّا [He gained, or earned, or did, evil]. (A.) [This distinction, however, is not always observed: for] كَسَبَ signifies, He did either a good or an evil deed: [because he who does so earns, or draws upon himself, reward or punishment.] (Jel in ii. 281; and iii. 24; &c.) And اكتسب He committed an act of which he was accusable. (Jel in xxxiii. 58.) كَسَبَ إِثْمًا and اكتسبهُ signify He [committed, or] burdened himself with ( تَحَمَّلَ ), a sin, or crime. (Msb.) كَسَبَهُ مَالًا , (S, K,) and اكسبهُ مالا , (IAar, IAth, K,) but the former is the more approved: the latter is by Fr and some others rejected: (TA:) He caused him to gain, acquire, or earn, wealth: (IAth, Msb:) or he assisted him to gain, acquire, or earn, wealth. (IAth.) كسبهُ عِلْمًا He caused him to gain, or acquire, knowledge. (Msb.) [In like manner,] اسْتَكْسَبْتُ العَبْدَ I caused the slave to gain, or make gain; the verb having here the sense of the measure أَفْعَلْتُهُ ; like as اِسْتَخْرَجْتُهُ signifies أَخْرَجْتُهُ . (Msb.) [See an ex. voce أَدِيمٌ .] نَهَى عَنْ كَسْبِ الإِمَاءِ [He (Mohammad) forbade the making female slaves to earn money, or the like, (by prostitution)]. (TA, from a trad.) مَا كَسَبَ in the Kur cxi, 2, is said to signify His children. A man's children are among the things termed his كَسْب . (TA.) كَسَبَهُ عَجَبًا It occasioned, or caused, him to wonder. (TA, voce أَعْجَبَ .)