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كبر

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Form 1كَبُرَ8 senses · 3 main
muḍāriʿـُيَفْعُلُ·ـَيَفْعَلُmaṣdarكُبْرٌ كِبَرٌ

Core sense — he, or it, became great; it became difficult for him; he became oldgenerated

1.1

and كَبَارَةٌ.

He, or it, was, or became, great [big, or large in body: and in years, or age — when said of a human being, often particularly he attained to puberty — and in estimation, rank, or dignity]; the opposite of ضَغُرَ; synonymous with عَظُمَ and جَسُمَ.

[In the K the past tense is mentioned twice: in one place it is explained as the opposite of صَغُرَ, and the maṣdars above are given, as in the A; in the other it is explained by عَظُمَ and جَسُمَ, and no maṣdar is mentioned there; but the TA says that in the sense of عَظُمَ it relates to an affair or case, with maṣdar كِبَرٌ and كَبَارَةٌ, and that in the sense of جَسُمَ it relates to anything.]

1.1.1the affair, or case, was of great moment; it was momentous—كَبُرَ الأَمْرُ

Or it may carry the meaning of the phrase that follows.

1.1.2the affair, or case, was difficult, severe, distressing, or burdensome to him—كَبُرَ عَلَيْهِ الأَمْرُ

[This meaning comes from the primary application of the verb.]

Synonymous with شَقَّ.

The verb is used in this sense in the Qur'ān 10:72 and 42:11.

So too in the Qur'ān 17:53, where أَوْ خَلْقًا مِمَّا يَكْبُرُ فِى صدُورِكُمْ means أَوْخَلْقًا مِمَّا يَكْبُرُ عِنْدَكُمْ عَنْ قُبُولِ الحَيَاةِ [Or a created thing of those which are too difficult in your minds to receive life], as being the thing most remote from any capacity to receive life.

1.2he became full-grown, or old, or advanced in age—كَبِرَ

maṣdar كِبَرٌ and مَكْبِرٌ.

Said of a man, of a human being, of a beast, and of a child.

Hence the proverb كَبِرَ عَمْرُو عَنِ الطَّوْقِ: see art. طوق.

1.2.1

[In modern Arabic, and I believe sometimes in classical authors, it also means He became big (said of a boy, or child, in the TA in art. رع and elsewhere); that is, he attained full growth, and adolescence, and puberty: see كَبِيرٌ.]

This form of the verb and the one first mentioned are sometimes used wrongly, each for the other, by people of distinction as well as by the common people.

1.2.2

See كَبْرَةٌ below.

1.3

كَابَرْتُهُ فَكَبَرْتُهُ, the muḍāriʿ of the second verb being كَبُرَ: see Form 3.

1.3.1he exceeded me in age by a year—كَبَرَهُ بِسَنَةٍ

.

he did not exceed me in age except by a year—مَا كَبَرَنِى إِلَّا بِسَنَةٍ
Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1 5 shown of 8
6:35
وَإِن كَانَ كَبُرَ عَلَيْكَ إِعْرَاضُهُمْ فَإِنِ ٱسْتَطَعْتَ أَن تَبْتَغِىَ نَفَقًا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ أَوْ سُلَّمًا فِى ٱلسَّمَآءِ فَتَأْتِيَهُم بِـَٔايَةٍ ۚ وَلَوْ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ لَجَمَعَهُمْ عَلَى ٱلْهُدَىٰ ۚ فَلَا تَكُونَنَّ مِنَ ٱلْجَـٰهِلِينَ

If their spurning is hard on thy mind, yet if thou wert able to seek a tunnel in the ground or a ladder to the skies and bring them a sign,- (what good?). If it were Allah's will, He could gather them together unto true guidance: so be not thou amongst those who are swayed by ignorance (and impatience)!

17:51
أَوْ خَلْقًا مِّمَّا يَكْبُرُ فِى صُدُورِكُمْ ۚ فَسَيَقُولُونَ مَن يُعِيدُنَا ۖ قُلِ ٱلَّذِى فَطَرَكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ ۚ فَسَيُنْغِضُونَ إِلَيْكَ رُءُوسَهُمْ وَيَقُولُونَ مَتَىٰ هُوَ ۖ قُلْ عَسَىٰٓ أَن يَكُونَ قَرِيبًا

"Or created matter which, in your minds, is hardest (to be raised up),- (Yet shall ye be raised up)!" then will they say: "Who will cause us to return?" Say: "He who created you first!" Then will they wag their heads towards thee, and say, "When will that be?" Say, "May be it will be quite soon!

18:5
مَّا لَهُم بِهِۦ مِنْ عِلْمٍ وَلَا لِـَٔابَآئِهِمْ ۚ كَبُرَتْ كَلِمَةً تَخْرُجُ مِنْ أَفْوَٰهِهِمْ ۚ إِن يَقُولُونَ إِلَّا كَذِبًا

No knowledge have they of such a thing, nor had their fathers. It is a grievous thing that issues from their mouths as a saying what they say is nothing but falsehood!

40:35
ٱلَّذِينَ يُجَـٰدِلُونَ فِىٓ ءَايَـٰتِ ٱللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ سُلْطَـٰنٍ أَتَىٰهُمْ ۖ كَبُرَ مَقْتًا عِندَ ٱللَّهِ وَعِندَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يَطْبَعُ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ قَلْبِ مُتَكَبِّرٍ جَبَّارٍ

"(Such) as dispute about the Signs of Allah, without any authority that hath reached them, grievous and odious (is such conduct) in the sight of Allah and of the Believers. Thus doth Allah, seal up every heart - of arrogant and obstinate Transgressors."

61:3
كَبُرَ مَقْتًا عِندَ ٱللَّهِ أَن تَقُولُوا۟ مَا لَا تَفْعَلُونَ

Grievously odious is it in the sight of Allah that ye say that which ye do not.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
, aor. كَبُرَ , (S, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. كُبْرٌ (A, Msb, K) and كِبَرٌ and كَبَارَةٌ , (A, K,) He, (TA,) or it, (Msb,) was, or became, great, [big, or large in body, or corporeal substance: and in years, or age; (when said of a human being, often particularly signifying he attained to puberty;) and in estimation or rank or dignity;] contr. of ضَغُرَ ; (A, K;) syn. عَظُمَ , (S, Msb, K,) and جَسُمَ . (K.) [In the K the pret. is twice mentioned: where it is explained as signifying the contr. of صَغُرَ , the above inf. ns. are mentioned, as in the A: where it is explained by عَظُمَ and جَسُمَ in the K, no inf. n. is mentioned; but in the TA it is there said that in the sense of عَظُمَ it relates to an affair or case, and that the inf. n. is كِبَرٌ and كَبَارَةٌ ; and that in the sense of جَسُمَ it relates to anything.] كَبُرَ الأَمْرُ [The affair, or case, was, or became, of great moment; it was, or became, momentous: or it signifies as in the phrase next following]. (A.) كَبُرَ عَلَيْهِ الأَمْرُ The affair, or case, was, or became, difficult, hard, severe, grievous, distressing, afflictive, troublesome, or burdensome, to him or in its effect upon him; syn. شَقَّ . (A, * TA.) In this sense the verb is used in the Kur, x, 72, (TA,) and xlii, 11. (Bd, ii. 42.) And so in the Kur again, xvii, 53, أَوْ خَلْقًا مِمَّا يَكْبُرُ فِى صدُورِكُمْ , (TA,) meaning, أَوْخَلْقًا مِمَّا يَكْبُرُ عِنْدَكُمْ عَنْ قُبُولِ الحَيَاةِ [Or a created thing of those which are too difficult in your minds to receive life], as being the thing most remote from capability to receive life. (Bd.) [This signification is from the primary application of the verb.] كَبِرَ , aor. كَبَرَ , inf. n. كِبَرٌ and مَكْبِرٌ , He (a man, S, a human being, and a beast, TA, and a child, Msb,) became full-grown, or old, or advanced in age. (S, K.) Hence the prov., كَبِرَ عَمْرُو عَنِ الطَّوْقِ : see art. طوق .] [In modern Arabic, and, I believe, sometimes, in classic authors, it also signifies He became big; (said of a boy, or child, in the TA in art. رع , &c.;) i. e. attained to full growth: and to adolescence: and to puberty: see كَبِيرٌ .] This form of the verb and that first mentioned are sometimes erroneously used, each for the other, by persons of distinction as well as by the vulgar. (TA.) See كَبْرَةٌ , below. كَابَرْتُهُ فَكَبَرْتُهُ , aor. of the latter, كَبُرَ : see 3. كَبَرَهُ بِسَنَةٍ , aor. كَبُرَ , He exceeded me in age by a year. (K.) And مَا كَبَرَنِى إِلَّا بِسَنَةٍ He did not exceed me in age save by a year. (IAar.)
Form 2كبّر3 senses · 1 main
maṣdarتكَبِيرٌ

Core sense — he made a thing great; he magnified, or honoured, himgenerated

2.1

.

He made a thing great.

2.1.1

He magnified, or honoured, him; synonymous with عَظَّمَ.

2.1.2

Also, with the maṣdar mentioned above, and with كِبَّارٌ, this latter being of the dialect of Belḥārith Ibn-Kaʿb and of many of the people of El-Yemen: he said اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَر.

See أَكْبَرُ below.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 2 3 shown of 4
17:111
وَقُلِ ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ ٱلَّذِى لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُۥ شَرِيكٌ فِى ٱلْمُلْكِ وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُۥ وَلِىٌّ مِّنَ ٱلذُّلِّ ۖ وَكَبِّرْهُ تَكْبِيرًۢا

Say: "Praise be to Allah, who begets no son, and has no partner in (His) dominion: Nor (needs) He any to protect Him from humiliation: yea, magnify Him for His greatness and glory!"

22:37
لَن يَنَالَ ٱللَّهَ لُحُومُهَا وَلَا دِمَآؤُهَا وَلَـٰكِن يَنَالُهُ ٱلتَّقْوَىٰ مِنكُمْ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ سَخَّرَهَا لَكُمْ لِتُكَبِّرُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ مَا هَدَىٰكُمْ ۗ وَبَشِّرِ ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ

It is not their meat nor their blood, that reaches Allah: it is your piety that reaches Him: He has thus made them subject to you, that ye may glorify Allah for His Guidance to you and proclaim the good news to all who do right.

74:3
وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ

And thy Lord do thou magnify!

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
, inf. n. تكَبِيرٌ , He made a thing great. (K.) He magnified, or honoured; syn. عَظَّمَ . (S) Also, inf. n. as above, and كِبَّارٌ , (Sgh, K,) which latter is of the dial. of Belhárith Ibn-Kaab and many of the people of El-Yemen, (Sgh,) He said اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَر . (K.) See أَكْبَرُ , below.
Form 3كَابَرْتُهُ فَكَبَرْتُهُ6 senses · 1 main
maṣdarمُكَابَرَةٌ

Core sense — I contended with him for superiority in greatness, and I overcame himgenerated

3.1such a one disputed with such a one for superiority in greatness, saying: I am greater than you—كَابَرَ فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا

The muḍāriʿ of the second verb is كَبُرَ. [I contended, or disputed, with him for superiority in greatness, and I overcame him in that.]

3.1.1he vied with him; he contended with him for superiority—كابرهُ

synonymous with غَالَبَهُ.

Also: he contended against him, or disputed with him, not knowing whether what he himself or his opponent said was true or false; synonymous with عَانَدَهُ. Or: he contended or disputed with him knowing that what he himself said was false and that what his opponent said was true.

3.1.2apparently: do not contend against prayer—لَاتُكَابِرُوا الصَّلَاةَ

Said in a tradition, where it means لَا تُغَالِبُوهَا.

3.1.3[it was contended with, and it refused, or would not]—كُوبِرَ فَأَبَى

Said of what a man with an impediment in his speech tries to utter.

3.1.4he denied him his right, or due, and contended with him for it—كَابَرَهُ عَلَى حَقِّهِ

Explained by جَاحَدَهُ وَغَالَبَهُ. [See Form 1 in art. جحد.]

3.1.5he had his property taken from him by force—كُوبِرَ عَلَى مَالِهِ
Show Lane's original text
, aor. of the latter كَبُرَ , [I contended, or disputed, with him for superiority in greatness, and I overcame him therein.] (A.) You say كَابَرَ فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا Such a one disputed with such a one for superiority in greatness, and said I am greater than thou. (A.) كابرهُ , inf. n. مُكَابَرَةٌ , He vied with him; or contended with him for superiority; syn. غَالَبَهُ : and he contended against him; or he contended against him, or disputed with him, not knowing the truth or falsity of what he or his adversary said; syn. عَانَدَهُ : (Msb:) or he contended or disputed with him, knowing that what he himself said was false, and that what his adversary said was true. (Kull, p. 342.) It is said in a trad., لَاتُكَابِرُوا الصَّلَاةَ , meaning, لَا تُغَالِبُوهَا [app., Contend not ye against prayer.] (TA.) كُوبِرَ فَأَبَى [It was contended with, and refused, or would not]: said of what he would utter by a man who had an impediment in his speech. (A.) كَابَرَهُ عَلَى حَقِّهِ He denied, or disacknowledged, to him his right, or due, and contended with him for it; expl. by جَاحَدَهُ وَغَالَبَهُ . (A, TA. [See 1 in art. جحد .]) كُوبِرَ عَلَى مَالِهِ He had his property taken from him by force. (A, TA.)
Form 4اكبرهُ3 senses · 1 main
maṣdarإِكْبَارٌ

Core sense — he deemed it great; it was great in his estimationgenerated

4.1

Maṣdar إِكْبَارٌ and استكبرهُ.

He deemed it great [or formidable; see an example under فَظِعَ]; it was great in his estimation; synonymous with إِسْتَعْظَمَهُ.

4.1.1she brought forth a great child, or young one—اكبرت
4.1.2

أَصْغَرَتِ النَّاقَةُ وَأَكْبَرَتْ: see art. صغر.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 4
12:31
فَلَمَّا سَمِعَتْ بِمَكْرِهِنَّ أَرْسَلَتْ إِلَيْهِنَّ وَأَعْتَدَتْ لَهُنَّ مُتَّكَـًٔا وَءَاتَتْ كُلَّ وَٰحِدَةٍ مِّنْهُنَّ سِكِّينًا وَقَالَتِ ٱخْرُجْ عَلَيْهِنَّ ۖ فَلَمَّا رَأَيْنَهُۥٓ أَكْبَرْنَهُۥ وَقَطَّعْنَ أَيْدِيَهُنَّ وَقُلْنَ حَـٰشَ لِلَّهِ مَا هَـٰذَا بَشَرًا إِنْ هَـٰذَآ إِلَّا مَلَكٌ كَرِيمٌ

When she heard of their malicious talk, she sent for them and prepared a banquet for them: she gave each of them a knife: and she said (to Joseph), "Come out before them." When they saw him, they did extol him, and (in their amazement) cut their hands: they said, "Allah preserve us! no mortal is this! this is none other than a noble angel!"

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِكْبَارٌ ; (Msb;) and استكبرهُ ; (K;) He deemed it great [or formidable; see an ex., voce فَظِعَ ;] it was great in his estimation; (IJ, K;) syn. إِسْتَعْظَمَهُ . (S, Msb.) اكبرت She brought forth a great child, or young one. (IKtt.) أَصْغَرَتِ النَّاقَةُ وَأَكْبَرَتْ : see art. صغر .
Form 5تكبّر3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — he magnified himself; he behaved proudly; he disdained itgenerated

5.1

He magnified himself; he behaved proudly, haughtily, or insolently; also استكبر and تكابر, synonymous with تَعَظَّمَ.

Or تكبّر, as used in the Qur'ān 7:143, means: he considered himself the most excellent of creation, and as having rights that others do not have. Or this verb has two meanings: first, he really did good and great actions, exceeding the good actions of others — hence المُتَكَبِّرُ [applied to God] in the Qur'ān 59:23; second, he pretended to do such actions, and boasted of great qualities that he did not possess, as most people do — hence مُتَكَبِّر in the Qur'ān 40:37, and the verb itself in the Qur'ān 7:143.

And استكبر is nearly synonymous with تكبّر, and likewise has two meanings: first, he strove and sought to become great, which, when the manner and place and time are as they should be, is praiseworthy; second, he boasted of qualities that he did possess and feigned such qualities, which is blameable, and it is in this sense that the verb is used in the Qur'ān 2:32. According to El-Basāʾir.

And تكابر means: he feigned himself great in estimation, rank, or dignity, or in age.

5.1.1he magnified himself against God, by refusing to accept the truth—تكبّر عَلَى ٱللّٰهِ

According to El-Basāʾir.

5.1.2he disdained such a thing; he turned from it with disdain; he held himself above it—تكبّر عَنْ كَذَا

Like تَعَظَّمَ, تَعَاظَمَ, تَجَالَّ, and تَرَفَّعَ.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 5
7:13
قَالَ فَٱهْبِطْ مِنْهَا فَمَا يَكُونُ لَكَ أَن تَتَكَبَّرَ فِيهَا فَٱخْرُجْ إِنَّكَ مِنَ ٱلصَّـٰغِرِينَ

(Allah) said: "Get thee down from this: it is not for thee to be arrogant here: get out, for thou art of the meanest (of creatures)."

7:146
سَأَصْرِفُ عَنْ ءَايَـٰتِىَ ٱلَّذِينَ يَتَكَبَّرُونَ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ ٱلْحَقِّ وَإِن يَرَوْا۟ كُلَّ ءَايَةٍ لَّا يُؤْمِنُوا۟ بِهَا وَإِن يَرَوْا۟ سَبِيلَ ٱلرُّشْدِ لَا يَتَّخِذُوهُ سَبِيلًا وَإِن يَرَوْا۟ سَبِيلَ ٱلْغَىِّ يَتَّخِذُوهُ سَبِيلًا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَذَّبُوا۟ بِـَٔايَـٰتِنَا وَكَانُوا۟ عَنْهَا غَـٰفِلِينَ

Those who behave arrogantly on the earth in defiance of right - them will I turn away from My signs: Even if they see all the signs, they will not believe in them; and if they see the way of right conduct, they will not adopt it as the way; but if they see the way of error, that is the way they will adopt. For they have rejected our signs, and failed to take warning from them.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
and استكبر (S, K) and تكابر (K) He magnified himself; behaved proudly, haughtily, or insolently; (K;) syn. تَعَظَّمَ : (S:) or تكبّر signifies, as used in the Kur, vii. 143, he considered himself as of the most excellent of the creation, and as having rights which others have not: (Zj:) or this verb has two significations: one of them, he did really good and great actions, exceeding the good actions of others; and hence المُتَكَبِّرُ [applied to God] in the Kur, lix. 23: the other, he affected to do such actions, and boasted of great qualities which he did not possess; as do the generality of men; and hence, مُتَكَبِّر in the Kur, xl. 37; and the verb itself in the Kur, vii. 143: and استكبر is nearly syn. with تكبّر , and likewise has two significations: one of them, he endeavoured, and sought, to become great; and to do so, when the manner and place and time are such as are requisite, is praiseworthy: the other, he boasted of qualities which he did possess, and feigned such qualities; and to do so is blameable; and in this sense the verb is used in the Kur, ii. 32: (El-Basáïr:) and تكابر signifies he feigned himself great in estimation or rank or dignity, or in age. (A, TA.) تكبّر عَلَى ٱللّٰهِ He magnified himself against God, by refusing to accept the truth. (El-Basáïr.) [ تكبّر عَنْ كَذَا He was disdainful of such a thing; he disdained it; turned from it with disdain; he held himself above it; like تَعَظَّمَ and تَعَاظَمَ and تَجَالَّ and تَرَفَّعَ .]
Form 6تَكَاْبَرَ1 sense

Core sense — he magnified himself; he behaved proudly, haughtily, or insolentlygenerated

6.1

See Form 5, in two places.

Show Lane's original text
see 5, in two places.
Form 10إِسْتَكْبَرَ2 senses

Core sense — he deemed it great; he magnified himself, he behaved proudlygenerated

10.1

See Form 4.

10.2

See also Form 5, in two places.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 10 2 shown of 40
38:74
إِلَّآ إِبْلِيسَ ٱسْتَكْبَرَ وَكَانَ مِنَ ٱلْكَـٰفِرِينَ

Not so Iblis: he was haughty, and became one of those who reject Faith.

74:23
ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ وَٱسْتَكْبَرَ

Then he turned back and was haughty;

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
see 4: see also 5, in two places.

Derived nouns 25

Nounكُبْرٌ2 senses

Core sense — greatness; nobility, or eminence; the main, or greater, part of a thinggenerated

1

See كِبْرٌ, in two senses.

2

And see كِبْرَةٌ, in three places.

Show Lane's original text
: see كِبْرٌ , in two senses: and see كِبْرَةٌ in three places.
Nounكِبْرٌ6 senses · 2 main

Core sense — greatness; pride, haughtiness; the main, or greater, part of a thinggenerated

1

IKoot: greatness [in bodily substance, and in estimation, rank, or dignity].

1.1nobility; eminence; highness—كُبْرٌ
eminence, or highness, in respect of nobility—كُبُرٌ

It is written with two ḍammas.

1.2

The same as عَظَمَةٌ [which, as an attribute of God, means greatness, or majesty, or the like — see مُنَكَبِّرٌ — and as an attribute of a man, pride].

It is a noun from التَّكَبُّرُ; also كِبْرِيَآءُ, a word of which, Kr says, there is no other like it [in measure] except سِيمِيَآءُ and جِرْبِيَآءُ; as for كِيمِيَآءُ, he adds, I think it a foreign word.

كِبْرِيَاءُ occurs as an attribute of God, in the sense of عَظَمَةٌ, in the Qur'ān 45:36; and as an attribute of men in the Qur'ān 10:79, where it is said to mean proud behaviour towards others, or dominion.

Both mean pride, haughtiness, or insolence. Or the former means self-admiration, or self-conceit, and the holding of oneself greater than others, and the latter means disdain of submission, an attribute to which none but God has a right. According to El-Basāʾir.

1.3

Unbelief; the association of any other being with God. So in a tradition in which it is said that whoever has in his heart the weight of a grain of mustard-seed of كِبْر will not enter paradise.

1.4

See also كَبِيرَةٌ.

2and he who took upon himself the main part of it—وَٱلَّذِى تَوَلَّى كِبْرَهُ

The main, or greater, or greatest, part of a thing; also كُبْرٌ, like عُظْمٌ, which Ibn-El-Yezeedee thought to be a dialectal form; but Az says that the Arabs used the other form [كِبْرٌ].

So in the Qur'ān 24:11, of the very wicked lie against ʿĀʾisheh; thus according to the Seven Readers. كُبْرَهُ is an irregular reading, that of Homeyd Ibn-El-Aaraj and of Yaakoob.

[apparently: the main part of men's management is with respect to property, or camels, and the like]—كُبْرُ سِيَاسَةِ النَّاسِ فِى المَالِ
Qur’ānic occurrences كِبْر
24:11
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ جَآءُو بِٱلْإِفْكِ عُصْبَةٌ مِّنكُمْ ۚ لَا تَحْسَبُوهُ شَرًّا لَّكُم ۖ بَلْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ ۚ لِكُلِّ ٱمْرِئٍ مِّنْهُم مَّا ٱكْتَسَبَ مِنَ ٱلْإِثْمِ ۚ وَٱلَّذِى تَوَلَّىٰ كِبْرَهُۥ مِنْهُمْ لَهُۥ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ

Those who brought forward the lie are a body among yourselves: think it not to be an evil to you; On the contrary it is good for you: to every man among them (will come the punishment) of the sin that he earned, and to him who took on himself the lead among them, will be a penalty grievous.

40:56
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يُجَـٰدِلُونَ فِىٓ ءَايَـٰتِ ٱللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ سُلْطَـٰنٍ أَتَىٰهُمْ ۙ إِن فِى صُدُورِهِمْ إِلَّا كِبْرٌ مَّا هُم بِبَـٰلِغِيهِ ۚ فَٱسْتَعِذْ بِٱللَّهِ ۖ إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلسَّمِيعُ ٱلْبَصِيرُ

Those who dispute about the signs of Allah without any authority bestowed on them,- there is nothing in their breasts but (the quest of) greatness, which they shall never attain to: seek refuge, then, in Allah: It is He Who hears and sees (all things).

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
Greatness [in corporeal substance, and in estimation or rank or dignity]. (IKoot, Msb.) Nobility; eminence; highness; (K, * TA;) as also كُبْرٌ : (K:) eminence, or highness, in, or with respect to, nobility; (K;) as also كُبُرٌ , with two dammehs. (TA.) I. q. عَظَمَةٌ [which, as an attribute of God, signifies greatness, or majesty, or the like: (see مُنَكَبِّرٌ :) and as an attribute of a man, pride]: (S, Msb, K:) a subst. from التَّكَبُّرُ : (Msb:) as also كِبْرِيَآءُ ; (S, Msb, K;) a word, says Kr, of which there is not the like [in measure], except سِيمِيَآءُ and جِرْبِيَآءُ ; for, he adds, as to كِيمِيَآءُ , I think it a foreign word: (TA:) the latter [ كِبْرِيَاءُ ] occurs as an attribute of God, in the sense of عَظَمَةٌ , (A, Mgh, Jel,) in the Kur, xlv. 36: (Jel:) and as an attribute of men, in the Kur, x. 79, where it is said to signify proud behaviour towards others, (Bd,) or dominion: (IAmb, Bd, Jel:) and both signify pride, haughtiness, or insolence: (K:) or the former, self-admiration, or self-conceit; and the holding one's self greater than others: and the ↓ latter, disdain of submission; an attribute to which none but God has a right. (El-Basáïr.) Unbelief: the association of any other being with God. So in a trad., in which it is said, that he who has in his heart the weight of a grain of mustard-seed of كِبْر shall not enter paradise. (TA.) See also كَبِيرَةٌ . The main, or greater, or greatest, part of a thing; (Fr. ISk, Az, S, Mgh, K;) as also كُبْرٌ , (Fr, Mgh, Sgh, K,) like عُظْمٌ ; (Fr;) thought by Ibn-ElYezeedee to be a dial. form; but Az says, that the Arabs used the other form [ كِبْرٌ ]. (TA.) So in the Kur, xxiv. 11, وَٱلَّذِى تَوَلَّى كِبْرَهُ (Fr, S) And he who took upon himself, or undertook, the main part thereof; namely, of the very wicked lie against 'Áïsheh: (Jel:) thus accord. to the “ Seven Readers ”: and كُبْرَهُ , which is an extr. reading, (Msb,) the reading of Homeyd Ibn-El-Aaraj, (Fr, Sgh,) and of Yaakoob. (Sgh, Bd.) كُبْرُ سِيَاسَةِ النَّاسِ فِى المَالِ , [app. signifies The main part of men's management is with respect to property, or camels, &c.]. (S.)
Nounكَبَرٌ1 sense

Core sense — the caper, a certain thorny plantgenerated

1

[The caper, or capparis of Linnaeus;] a certain plant having thorns; an arabicized word, from the Persian [كَبَرْ].

In Arabic it is called لَصَفٌ or أَصَفٌ; the common people say كُبَّارٌ.

A beverage is described as made of كَبَر and barley; كثر is a mistranscription.

Show Lane's original text
[The caper, or capparis of Linnæus;] a certain plant having thorns; (TA;) an arabicized word, from the Persian [ كَبَرْ ]; (S;) called in Arabic لَصَفٌ , (Mgh,) or أَصَفٌ : (S, K:) the vulgar say كُبَّارٌ . (K.) A beverage is described as made of كَبَر and barley: كثر is a mistranscription. (Mgh.)
Nounكُبُرٌ1 sense

Core sense — eminence, or highness, in respect of nobilitygenerated

1

See كِبْرٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see كِبْرٌ .
Nounكِبَرٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — greatness; oldness, or old agegenerated

1

A maṣdar of Form 1.

1.1

See also كَبْرَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
inf. n. of 1: see also كَبْرَةٌ .
Nounكُبُرٌّ1 sense

Core sense — the greatest of a people in age, or in headshipgenerated

1

See كِبْرَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see كِبْرَةٌ .
Nounكَبْرَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — oldness; age; old agegenerated

1[age overcame him;] he became old, or advanced in age—عَلَتْهُ كَبُرَةٌ

A noun from كَبِرَ: oldness; age; old age; also كَبُرَةٌ, مَكْبَرَةٌ, مَكبُرَةٌ, مَكْبِرٌ, and كِبَرٌ. The last two, of which the second is the most common of all, are maṣdars of كَبِرَ.

The same is said with كَبُرَةٌ, مُكْبَرَةٌ, مَكْبُرَةٌ, عَلَاهُ المَكْبِرُ or مَكْبِرٌ, and كِبَرٌ.

عَلَتْهُ كَبْرَةٌ is also said, figuratively, of a sword, and of the iron head or blade of a weapon, when it has become old; or of an old iron head or blade of a weapon spoilt by rust.

And كَبْرَةٌ is used by AHn of dates and the like. [See also an example under حَلْقَةٌ.]

Show Lane's original text
, a subst. from كَبِرَ , (S,) Oldness; age; old age; (S, Msb, K; *) as also كَبُرَةٌ and مَكْبَرَةٌ and مَكبُرَةٌ (K) and مَكْبِرٌ (S, K) and كِبَرٌ . (TA.) The last two, the latter of which is the most common of all, are inf. ns. of كَبِرَ .] You say عَلَتْهُ كَبُرَةٌ , (S, Msb, K,) and كَبُرَةٌ , and مُكْبَرَةٌ , and مَكْبُرَةٌ , (K,) and عَلَاهُ المَكْبِرُ , (S,) or مَكْبِرٌ , (K,) and كِبَرٌ , (TA,) [Age overcame him;] he became old, or advanced in age. (Msb.) عَلَتْهُ كَبْرَةٌ is also said, tropically, of a sword, and of the iron head or blade of a weapon, when it has become old: (TA:) or of an old iron head or blade of a weapon when spoilt by rust. (M, TA.) And كَبْرَةٌ is used by AHn with respect to dates and the like. (L.) [See also an ex. voce حَلْقَةٌ .]
Nounكِبْرَةٌ2 senses

Core sense — old age; the greatest of a people in age, or in headshipgenerated

1

See كَبِيرَةٌ.

2this is the greatest, or oldest, of the children of his father—هٰذَا كِبْرَةُ أَبِيهِ

هُوَ كِبْرَتُهُمْ and كُبُرَّتُهُمْ (so in the handwriting of AHeyth.), and إِكْبِرَّتُهُمْ, أَكْبِرَّتُهُمْ, كُبْرُهُمْ, and كُبُرُّهُمْ: he is the greatest of them in age, or in headship; or he is the nearest of them in kin to his chief, or oldest, ancestor, his intermediate ancestors being fewer in number. But some of these adjectives are explained differently, as follows.

That is, أَكْبَرُ; the opposite of صِغْرَةُ أَبِيهِ.

he is the greatest, or oldest, of the children of his parents—هُوَ كِبْرَةُ وَلَدِ أَبَوَيْهِ

That is, اكبر. Or: he is the last of the children of his parents; and the like is said of a female and of a plural number. It is like عِجْزَةُ وَلَدِ أَبَوَيْهِ; or, according to Ks and Az, it is this last phrase that has this meaning, but Az says that كِبْرَة means otherwise, namely أَكْبَرُ.

such a one is the greatest, or oldest, of his people—فُلَانٌ إِكْبِرَّةُ قَوْمِهِ

That is, أَكْبَرُ; and the like is said of a female and of a plural number.

And هُوَ كُبْرُ قَوْمِهِ, or أَكْبَرُ قَوْمِهِ, and أُكْبُرُّ قَوْمِهِ, of the measure of أُفْعُلّ, and applied to a woman as to a man: he is the nearest of his people in kin to his chief, or oldest, ancestor.

In this sense كَانَ كُبْرَ قَوْمِهِ is said of El-ʿAbbás in a tradition, because in his lifetime none of the descendants of Háshim remained more nearly related to him than he.

inheritance from an emancipated slave goes to the nearest in kin of the emancipator's sons—الَولآءُ للكُبْرِ

Said in another tradition. That is, when a man who has emancipated a slave dies leaving a son and a grandson, the right to the inheritance of the property left by the emancipated slave belongs to the son, not the grandson.

Show Lane's original text
: see كَبِيرَةٌ . هُوَ كِبْرَتُهُمْ , (K,) and كُبُرَّتُهُمْ , (Az, K,) so in the handwriting of AHeyth., (TA,) and إِكْبِرَّتُهُمْ , and أَكْبِرَّتُهُمْ , and كُبْرُهُمْ , and كُبُرُّهُمْ , (K,) He is the greatest of them (K, TA) in age, or in headship: (TA:) or he is the nearest of them in kin to his chief, or oldest, ancestor; (K, TA;) his intermediate ancestors being fewer in number: (TA:) but some of these epithets are differently explained, as follows:] هٰذَا كِبْرَةُ أَبِيهِ this is the greatest, or oldest, ( أَكْبَرُ ,) of the children of his father; contr. of صِغْرَةُ أَبِيهِ : (A:) and هُوَ كِبْرَةُ وَلَدِ أَبَوَيْهِ he is the greatest, or oldest, ( اكبر ,) of the children of his parents: (Ks, Az:) or he is the last of the children of his parents; (Sh, S;) and the like is said of a female, (Sh, ISk, S,) and of a pl. number: (ISk, S:) it is like عِجْزَةُ وَلَدِ أَبَوَيْهِ : (Sh, A'Obeyd, S:) or, accord. to Ks and Az, this last phrase has this meaning; but Az says, that كِبْرَة means otherwise, namely, أَكْبَرُ : (TA:) and فُلَانٌ إِكْبِرَّةُ قَوْمِهِ such a one is the greatest, or oldest, ( أَكْبَرُ ,) of his people; and the like is said of a female, and of a pl. number: (S:) and هُوَ كُبْرُ قَوْمِهِ , (S,) or أَكْبَرُ قَوْمِهِ , and أُكْبُرُّ قَوْمِهِ , of the measure of أُفْعُلّ , and applied to a woman as to a man, (TA,) he is the nearest of his people in kin to his chief, or oldest, ancestor; (S, TA;) in which sense, كَانَ كُبْرَ قَوْمِهِ is said of El-'Abbás, in a trad., because there remained not, in his lifetime, any one of the descendants of Háshim more nearly related to him than he: (L:) and in another trad. it is said, الَولآءُ للكُبْرِ (S, Mgh, Msb) the right to the inheritance of the property left by an emancipated slave belongs to the nearest in kin [to the emancipater] (Mgh, Msb) of the sons of the emancipater; (Mgh;) i. e., when a man [who has emancipated a slave] dies, leaving a son and a grandson, the right to the inheritance of the property left by the emancipated slave belongs to the son, not the grandson. (S.)
Nounكَبُرَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — oldness; age; old agegenerated

1

See كَبْرَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see كَبْرَةٌ .
Nounكُبُرَّةٌ1 sense

Core sense — the greatest of a people in age, or in headshipgenerated

1

See كِبْرَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see كِبْرَةٌ .
Nounكِبْرِيَآءُ1 sense

Core sense — greatness, majesty; pride, haughtinessgenerated

1

See كِبْرٌ.

Qur’ānic occurrences كِبْرِيَآء 1 shown of 2
45:37
وَلَهُ ٱلْكِبْرِيَآءُ فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ

To Him be glory throughout the heavens and the earth: and He is Exalted in Power, Full of Wisdom!

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
: see كِبْرٌ .
Nounكِبْرِيتٌ1 sense

Core sense — sulphur, brimstonegenerated

1

See art. كبرت.

Show Lane's original text
: see art. كبرت .
Nounكُبَارٌ1 sense

Core sense — great, very greatgenerated

1

See كَبِيرٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see كَبِيرٌ .
Nounكَبِيرٌ5 senses · 1 main

Core sense — great in body, or in rank; advanced in age, old; a teacher, or mastergenerated

1they inherited nobility by degrees, one great and noble from another great and noble—ٱلْمَجْدَ كَابِرًا عَنْ كَابِرٍ تَوَارَثُوا

Great [in body, or bodily substance, and in estimation, rank, or dignity; the opposite of صَغِيرٌ, but see عَظِيمٌ].

Also كِبِيرٌ, as En-Nawawee and others assert, and كُبَارٌ [in an intensive sense, like عُطَامٌ], and كَابِرٌ, and كُبَّارٌ; or this last means excessively great.

كَابِرٌ is an adjective applied to a man, meaning great in dignity and nobility; or great and noble; or one overcoming in greatness; or a lord, or chief; and also the greatest, or oldest, ancestor.

The feminine [of كَبِيرٌ] is with ة, and the plural is كِبَارٌ and كُبَرَآءُ applied to men, and مَكْبُورَآءُ [or rather this last is an ism jamʿ], like مَشْيُوخَآءُ [see شَيْخٌ], and [of كُبَّارٌ] كُبَّارُونَ. [See also أَكْبَرُ and مُتَكَبِّرٌ.]

Or عَنْ is here used in the sense of بَعْدَ [after], as stated under طَبَقٌ; or the meaning is, one overcoming in greatness from another overcoming in greatness. [In the A and Msb, instead of توارثوا I find وَرِثُوا.]

1.1

Great, or advanced, in age; old. And also big, meaning full-grown; and adolescent: see كَبِرَ.

It occurs in apposition to بَالِغٌ in art. برك in the S; and often, like بَالِغٌ, when applied to a human being, it means one who has attained puberty, as opposed to صَغِيرٌ.

Feminine with ة; plural كِبَارٌ.

1.2

[Hence,] a teacher, or master: so in the Qur'ān 20:74 and 26:48.

And the most knowing, or learned, of a people: so in the Qur'ān 12:80. Mujáhid.

1.3

Difficult, severe, grievous, distressing, or burdensome; feminine with ة, which occurs in this sense in the Qur'ān 2:42.

[The feminine is often used today as an adjective in which the quality of a noun predominates, meaning an affair, or a matter, that is difficult, severe, grievous, and the like.]

1.4the Incomparably-great—الكَبِيرُ

As an adjective applied to God it is synonymous with العَظِيمُ, as stated in art. عظم.

Qur’ānic occurrences كَبِير 5 shown of 40
13:9
عَـٰلِمُ ٱلْغَيْبِ وَٱلشَّهَـٰدَةِ ٱلْكَبِيرُ ٱلْمُتَعَالِ

He knoweth the unseen and that which is open: He is the Great, the Most High.

17:43
سُبْحَـٰنَهُۥ وَتَعَـٰلَىٰ عَمَّا يَقُولُونَ عُلُوًّا كَبِيرًا

Glory to Him! He is high above all that they say!- Exalted and Great (beyond measure)!

25:52
فَلَا تُطِعِ ٱلْكَـٰفِرِينَ وَجَـٰهِدْهُم بِهِۦ جِهَادًا كَبِيرًا

Therefore listen not to the Unbelievers, but strive against them with the utmost strenuousness, with the (Qur'an).

54:53
وَكُلُّ صَغِيرٍ وَكَبِيرٍ مُّسْتَطَرٌ

Every matter, small and great, is on record.

76:20
وَإِذَا رَأَيْتَ ثَمَّ رَأَيْتَ نَعِيمًا وَمُلْكًا كَبِيرًا

And when thou lookest, it is there thou wilt see a Bliss and a Realm Magnificent.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
Great [in body, or corporeal substance, and in estimation or rank or dignity; contr. of صَغِيرٌ , but see عَظِيمٌ ]; (S, K;) as also كِبِيرٌ , as asserted by En-Nawawee and others, (TA,) and كُبَارٌ (S, K) [in an intensive sense, like عُطَامٌ ,] and كَابِرٌ and كُبَّارٌ : (K:) or the last signifies excessively great: (S, TA:) and كَابِرٌ is an epithat applied to a man, and signifying great in dignity and nobility; (S, TA;) or great and noble; (Msb;) or one overcoming in greatness; (A;) or a lord, or chief; and the greatest, or oldest, ancestor: (AA:) the fem. [of كَبِيرٌ ] is with ة : (K:) and the pl. is كِبَارٌ (S, K) and كُبَرَآءُ , applied to men, (TA,) and مَكْبُورَآءُ , (S, * K,) [or rather the last is a quasi-pl. n.,] like مَشْيُوخَآءُ ; [see شَيْخٌ ;] (TA;) and [of كُبَّارٌ ] كُبَّارُونَ . (K.) [See also أَكْبَرُ , and مُتَكَبِّرٌ .] You say ٱلْمَجْدَ كَابِرًا عَنْ كَابِرٍ تَوَارَثُوا They inherited by degrees dignity, or nobility, one great in dignity and nobility from another great in dignity and nobility: (S:) or one great and noble from another great and noble: (Msb:) or عَنْ is here used in the sense of بَعْدَ [after]: (TA voce طَبَقٌ :) or one overcoming in greatness from another overcoming in greatness. (A.) [In the A and Msb, instead of توارثوا , I find وَرِثُوا .] Great, or advanced, in age; old: (A, Msb, TA:) and also big; meaning full-grown; and adolescent: (see كَبِرَ :) occurring in apposition to بَالِغٌ in art. برك in the S; and often, like بَالِغٌ , when applied to a human being, signifying one who has attained to puberty; opposed to صَغِيرٌ :] fem. with ة : and pl. كِبَارٌ . (Msb.) [Hence,] A teacher, and master: so in the Kur, xx. 74, and xxvi. 48: (Ks:) and the most knowing, or learned, of a people: so in the Kur, xii. 80. (Mujáhid.) Difficult, severe, grievous, distressing, afflictive, troublesome, or burdensome: (TA:) fem. with ة ; occurring in this sense in the Kur, ii. 42. (Bd, TA.) [The fem. is often used in the present day as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates, meaning, An affair, or a matter, that is difficult, severe, grievous, &c.] الكَبِيرُ as an epithet applied to God is syn. with العَظِيمُ [signifying The Incomparably-great]. (TA in art. عظم .)
Nounكَبِيرَة2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a foul, or abominable, sin, crime, or offence of great magnitudegenerated

1

A foul, or abominable, sin, crime, or offence, forbidden by the law and of great magnitude, such as murder, adultery or fornication, and fleeing from an army proceeding against an enemy [of the Muslims], and the like; [the opposite of صَغِيرَةٌ]. It is an adjective in which the quality of a noun predominates.

And كِبْرٌ and كِبْرَةٌ [likewise] mean a great sin, crime, or offence, for which one deserves punishment; the ة gives intensiveness to the meaning.

Or كِبْرٌ means [simply] a sin, a crime, or an offence, for which one deserves punishment, [as كَبِيرَةٌ is said, not well, to mean, in the Msb,] and it is from كَبِيرَةٌ, like خِطْ from خَطِيْئَةٌ.

The plural of the first is كَبَائِرُ; كَبِيرَاتٌ also occurs.

1.1

And see كَبِيرٌ.

Qur’ānic occurrences كَبِيرَة 2 shown of 7
2:45
وَٱسْتَعِينُوا۟ بِٱلصَّبْرِ وَٱلصَّلَوٰةِ ۚ وَإِنَّهَا لَكَبِيرَةٌ إِلَّا عَلَى ٱلْخَـٰشِعِينَ

Nay, seek (Allah's) help with patient perseverance and prayer: It is indeed hard, except to those who bring a lowly spirit,-

42:37
وَٱلَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبَـٰٓئِرَ ٱلْإِثْمِ وَٱلْفَوَٰحِشَ وَإِذَا مَا غَضِبُوا۟ هُمْ يَغْفِرُونَ

Those who avoid the greater crimes and shameful deeds, and, when they are angry even then forgive;

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
A foul, or an abominable, sin, or crime, or offence, forbidden by the law, of great magnitude; such as murder and adultery or forni- cation, and fleeing from an army proceeding against an enemy [of the Muslims], &c.; [contr. of صَغِيرَةٌ ;] an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates: (TA:) and كِبْرٌ and كِبْرَةٌ [in like manner] signify a great sin, or crime, or offence, for which one deserves punishment: (M, K:) the ة is to give intensiveness to the signification: (TA:) or كِبْرٌ signifies [simply] a sin, a crime, or an offence, for which one deserves punishment, [as كَبِيرَةٌ is said, not well, to signify, in the Msb,] and is from كَبِيرَةٌ , like خِطْ from خَطِيْئَةٌ : (TA:) pl. of the first, كَبَائِرُ , (Msb, TA,) and كَبِيرَاتٌ also occurs. (Msb.) And see كَبِيرٌ .
Nounكُبَّارٌ2 senses

Core sense — very great, excessively greatgenerated

1

See كَبِيرٌ.

2

And see كَبَرٌ.

Qur’ānic occurrences كُبَّار
71:22
وَمَكَرُوا۟ مَكْرًا كُبَّارًا

"And they have devised a tremendous Plot.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
: see كَبِيرٌ : and see كَبَرٌ .
Nounكِبَّارٌ1 sense

Core sense — a magnifying, or honouringgenerated

1

See Form 2.

Show Lane's original text
: see 2.
Nounكَابِرٌ1 sense

Core sense — great in dignity and nobility; a lord, or chief; the oldest ancestorgenerated

1

See كَبِيرٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see كَبِيرٌ .
Nounأَكْبَرُ8 senses · 1 main

Core sense — greater, or greatest, in rank; older, or oldestgenerated

1

[Greater, and greatest, in body, or bodily substance, and in estimation, rank, or dignity; and] more, or most, advanced in age; older, and oldest.

Feminine كُبْرَى; masculine plural أَكَابِرُ and أَكْبَرُونَ, but not كُبْرٌ, because that is a form kept for an adjective such as أَسْوَدُ and أَحْمَرُ, and اكبر is not used in the manner of such an adjective: you do not say هٰذَا رَجُلٌ أَكْبَرُ unless you join it to a following word by مِنْ or prefix the article ال to it [but see the phrase دَعَا بِكُبْرِهِ below]. The feminine plural is كُبَرٌ and كُبْرَيَاتٌ.

1.1God is great—اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَر

أَكْبَرُ is also used in the sense of كَبِيرٌ.

This is the view of some, just as هُوَ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيْهِ [in the Qur'ān 30:26] means هُوَ هَيِّنٌ عَلَيْهِ; but this explanation is of weak authority.

According to others the phrase has a word left out, and means: God is the greatest great [being]; or God is greater than every [other] great [being]; or greater than every [other] thing; or greater than that anyone should know the measure of His majesty. [It may also be rendered: God is most great, that is, greater than any other being.]

It is taken as having a word left out because اكبر must either have the article ال or be followed by a noun in the genitive case [or by the preposition مِنْ].

In the phrase اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ كَبِيراً the word كبيرا is put in the accusative case [as a corroborative] in place of the maṣdar تَكْبِيراً, as though one said أُكَبِّرُ تَكْبِيرًا [I magnify Him greatly, after saying اللّٰه اكبر].

1.2[the day of the greater pilgrimage]—يَوْمُ الحَجِّ الأَكْبَرِ

It means the day of the sacrifice; or, as some say, the day of ʿArafeh; and others say otherwise.

1.3[a prophet of Muḍar has been sent with the greatest, or greater, or great, ordinances of God]—بِشَرَئِعِ دِينِ ٱللّٰهِ الكُبَرِ

In these words from a tradition of Mázin, بُعِثَ نَبِىٌّ مِنْ مُضَرَ بِدِينِ ٱللّٰهِ الكُبَرِ, a word is left out.

1.4and the most excellent shall be placed towards the Qibla—وَيُجْعَلُ ٱلْأَكْبَرُ مِمَّا يَلِى ٱلْقِبْلَةَ

From a tradition about burial. Or, if they are equal [in dignity], the oldest is placed there.

[In keeping with the first rendering,] أَكْبَرُ in the Qur'ān 29:44 is explained as meaning Better, as stated in art. ذكر.

this one is older than Zeyd—هٰذَا أَكْبَرُ مِنْ زَيْدٍ

[This agrees with the second rendering.]

1.5he summoned his sheykhs and his elders, or great men—دَعَا بِكُبْرِهِ

From a tradition of Ibn-Ez-Zubeyr; كُبْر is here [in spite of what was said above] the plural of أَكْبَرُ, as حُمْرٌ is the plural of أَحْمَرُ.

1.6[this girl is one of the older daughters of such a one]—هٰذِهِ الجَارِيَةُ مِنْ كُبْرَى بَنَاتِ فُلَانٍ

That is, مِنْ كِبَارِ بَنَاتِهِ. Ibn-Buzurj.

1.7

هُوَ أَكْبَرُ قَوْمِهِ: see كِبْرَةٌ.

Qur’ānic occurrences أَكْبَر 5 shown of 22
17:21
ٱنظُرْ كَيْفَ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ ۚ وَلَلْـَٔاخِرَةُ أَكْبَرُ دَرَجَـٰتٍ وَأَكْبَرُ تَفْضِيلًا

See how We have bestowed more on some than on others; but verily the Hereafter is more in rank and gradation and more in excellence.

32:21
وَلَنُذِيقَنَّهُم مِّنَ ٱلْعَذَابِ ٱلْأَدْنَىٰ دُونَ ٱلْعَذَابِ ٱلْأَكْبَرِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ

And indeed We will make them taste of the Penalty of this (life) prior to the supreme Penalty, in order that they may (repent and) return.

40:57
لَخَلْقُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ أَكْبَرُ مِنْ خَلْقِ ٱلنَّاسِ وَلَـٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ ٱلنَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ

Assuredly the creation of the heavens and the earth is a greater (matter) than the creation of men: Yet most men understand not.

68:33
كَذَٰلِكَ ٱلْعَذَابُ ۖ وَلَعَذَابُ ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ أَكْبَرُ ۚ لَوْ كَانُوا۟ يَعْلَمُونَ

Such is the Punishment (in this life); but greater is the Punishment in the Hereafter,- if only they knew!

88:24
فَيُعَذِّبُهُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْعَذَابَ ٱلْأَكْبَرَ

Allah will punish him with a mighty Punishment,

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
[Greater, and greatest, in body, or corporeal substance, and in estimation or rank or dignity: and] more, or most, advanced in age; older, and oldest: (Msb:) fem. كُبْرَى : (S, Msb:) pl. masc. أَكَابِرُ (S, Msb) and أَكْبَرُونَ ; but not كُبْرٌ , because this is of a form specially appropriated to an epithet such as أَسْوَدُ and أَحْمَرُ , and you do not use اكبر in the manner of such an epithet, for you do not say هٰذَا رَجُلٌ أَكْبَرُ , unless you conjoin it with a following word by مِنْ , or prefix to it the article ال : (S:) [but see the phrase دَعَا بِكُبْرِهِ , below:] the pl. fem. is كُبَرٌ (S, Msb, K) and كُبْرَيَاتٌ . (Msb.) أَكْبَرُ is also used in the sense of كَبِيرٌ : (Msb:) accord. to some, اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَر means God is great; (Az, Mgh, Msb;) like as هُوَ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيْهِ [in the Kur, xxx. 26,] means هُوَ هَيِّنٌ عَلَيْهِ ; (Az, TA;) but this explanation is of weak authority: (Mgh:) accord. to others, the phrase is elliptical, and means God is the greatest great [being]: (Az, TA:) or God is greater than every [other] great [being]: (Msb:) or greater than every [other] thing: (Mgh, TA:) or greater than such as that one knows the measure of His majesty: (TA:) [or it may be rendered God is most great, meaning, greater than any other being:] it is considered as elliptical because it is necessary that اكبر should have the article ال , or be followed by a noun in the gen. case [or by the prep. مِنْ ]. (TA.) In the phrase اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ كَبِيراً , the word كبيرا is put in the accus. case [as a corroborative] in the place of the inf. n. تَكْبِيراً , as though one said أُكَبِّرُ تَكْبِيرًا [I magnify Him greatly, after saying اللّٰه اكبر ]. (TA.) يَوْمُ الحَجِّ الأَكْبَرِ [The day of the greater pilgrimage,] means the day of the sacrifice: or, as some say, the day of 'Arafeh: and others say otherwise. (TA.) In the following words, in a trad. of Mázin, بُعِثَ نَبِىٌّ مِنْ مُضَرَ بِدِينِ ٱللّٰهِ الكُبَرِ , there is an ellipsis, and the meaning is, بِشَرَئِعِ دِينِ ٱللّٰهِ الكُبَرِ [A prophet of Mudar hath been sent with the greatest, or greater, or great, ordinances of God]. (TA.) In a trad. respecting burial, وَيُجْعَلُ ٱلْأَكْبَرُ مِمَّا يَلِى ٱلْقِبْلَةَ means, And the most excellent shall be placed towards the Kibleh: or, if they be equal [in dignity], the oldest. (TA.) [Agreeably with the former rendering,] أَكْبَرُ , in the Kur, xxix. 44, is explained as signifying Better. (TA, art. ذكر .) [And agreeably with the second rendering of the above trad.,] you say هٰذَا أَكْبَرُ مِنْ زَيْدٍ , meaning, This is older than Zeyd. (Msb.) In a trad. of Ibn-Ez-Zubeyr, the phrase دَعَا بِكُبْرِهِ means He summoned his sheykhs, and elders, or great men: كُبْر being here [notwithstanding what has been said above,] pl. of أَكْبَرُ , like as حُمْرٌ is pl. of أَحْمَرُ . (TA.) هٰذِهِ الجَارِيَةُ مِنْ كُبْرَى بَنَاتِ فُلَانٍ means, [This girl is of those advanced in age of the daughters of such a one,] مِنْ كِبَارِ بَنَاتِهِ . (Ibn-Buzurj.) هُوَ أَكْبَرُ قَوْمِهِ : see كِبْرَةٌ .
Nounأُكْبُرٌّ1 sense

Core sense — the greatest of a people in age, or in headshipgenerated

1

See كِبْرَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see كِبْرَةٌ .
Nounإِكْبِرَّةٌ1 sense

Core sense — the greatest of a people in age, or in headshipgenerated

1

And أَكْبِرَّةٌ: see كِبْرَةٌ, the former in two places.

Show Lane's original text
and أَكْبِرَّةٌ : see كِبْرَةٌ ; the former, in two places.
Nounمَكْبِرٌ1 sense

Core sense — oldness; old agegenerated

1

See كَبْرَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see كَبْرَةٌ .
Nounمَكْبَرَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — oldness; old agegenerated

1

And مَكْبُرَةٌ: see كَبْبَرةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
and مَكْبُرَةٌ : see كَبْبَرةٌ .
Nounهُوَ مُكَابَرٌ عَلَيْهِ1 sense

Core sense — he has had his property taken from him by forcegenerated

1

He has had it — his property — taken from him by force.

Show Lane's original text
He has had it (his property) taken from him by force. (A, TA.)
Nounالمُتَكَبِّرُ1 sense

Core sense — the Great in majesty; the Most Excellent of beingsgenerated

1

As an adjective applied to God: the Great in majesty; or the Most Excellent of beings, who has rights that no other has, the Possessor of power and excellence such as no other possesses; or He whose acts are really good, exceeding the good acts of any other. According to El-Basāʾir.

Or, as also الكَبِيرُ, the Majestic; or He who disdains having the attributes of created beings; or He who magnifies Himself against the proud and overbearing among His creatures.

The ت in the first word denotes individuation, not endeavour.

Show Lane's original text
, as an epithet applied to God, signifies The Great in majesty: (A:) or the Most Excellent of beings, who has rights which no other has; the Possessor of power and excellence the like of which no other possesses: (TA:) or He whose acts are really good, exceeding the good acts of any other: (El-Basáïr:) or, as also الكَبِيرُ , the Majestic: or He who disdains having the attributes of created beings: or He who magnifies Himself against the proud and exorbitant among his creatures: the ت in the former word is to denote individuation, not endeavour. (TA.)