كبد

, (aor. كَبِدَ , AZ, L, K, and كَبُدَ , L, K, inf. n. كَبْدٌ , L,) He, or it, hit, or smote, or hurt, his كَبِد [or liver]: (AZ, S, IKtt, L:) or struck it. (L, K.) كَبَدَهُمُ البَرْدُ , (aor. كَبِدَ and كَبُدَ , K,) The cold affected them severely; distressed them; straitened them: (L, K:) or, smote their livers; which only the most intense cold does. (L, from a trad.) كَبِدَ , aor. كَبَدَ , (L, K,) inf. n. كَبَدٌ , (L,) He had a pain in his liver: (L, K) and (A, L:) or كُبِدَ , (K,) inf. n. كُبَادٌ , (TA,) he had a complaint of his liver. (L, K.) كَبِدَ , aor. كَبَدَ , (L,) inf. n. كَبَدٌ , (S, L, K,) He was big in the belly, (L, K,) in its upper part: (L:) he (a man) was bulky in the middle, and therefore slow in his pace. (S, L.) It (anything) was big, or large, and thick, in the middle. (L.) See 5.

See 5.

, (inf. n. مُكَابَدَةٌ and كِبَادٌ , L, K,) He endured the thing; struggled, or contended, with, or against, it; struggled or contended with, or against, its difficulty, or severity; syn. قَاسَاهُ , (L, K,) or قَاسَى شِدَّتهُ ; (S;) he endured, or struggled, or contended, with or against, its difficulty, trouble, or inconvenience; syn. عَانَى مَشَقَّتَهُ : (L:) he underwent difficulties, troubles, or inconveniences, in doing it. (Msb.) كابد اللَّيْلَ He (a man) braved ( رَكِبَ ) the terribleness and difficulty of the night. And كَابَدْتُ ظُلْمَةَ هٰذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ مُكَابَدَةً شَدِيدَةً I braved the darkness of this night with a mighty braving. (Lth, L.) بَعْضُهُمْ يُكَابِدُ بَعْضًا [One party of them struggles, contends, or strives, against the opposition of the other]: said of adversaries in a contest, litigation, or the like. (A.)

He tended, or betook himself, or directed himself or his course, to, or towards, it, namely, an affair, (L, K,) and a town or country; syn. قَصَدَهُ ; (L, K;) as also كَبَدَهُ , aor. كَبِدَ and كَبُدَ . (K, TA.) تكبّد It (milk) became thick; (S, A, L, K;) as also any other beverage; (L;) and (the former) became thick like liver, so as to quiver. (L.) تكبّدت الشَّمْسُ , (S, A,) or تكبّدت الشمسُ السَّمَآءَ , (L, K,) The sun became in the كَبِد , (S, L,) or كُبَيْدَآء , (K,) of the sky; (S, L, K;) became in the middle of the sky; culminated; (A;) as also كبّدت , inf. n. تَكْبِيدٌ : (K:) and كبّد النَّجْمُ السَّمَآءَ the star, or asterism, [or the Pleiades,] culminated. (S, L.) [See an ex. in a verse cited voce خَشَفَ .] تكّبد الفَلَاةَ He directed his course to, or towards, the middle and main part of the desert. (L.)

and كِبْدٌ : see كَبِدٌ .

Difficulty; distress; affliction; trouble. (S, A, L, Msb, K.) Ex. وَقَعَ فِى كَبَدٍ He fell into difficulty, &c. (A.) So in the words of the Kur, [xc, 4,] لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا ٱلْإِنْسَانَ فِى كَبَدٍ Verily we have created man in difficulty, &c., (S, L, Jel,) in a state in which he has to contend with the afflictions of the present life and the difficulties pertaining to the life to come: (Zj, * Jel:) or فى كبد here signifies, in a right and just state: (Aboo-Tálib, L:) or in an erect state, and in just proportion: (Fr; L:) or in an erect state, and walking upon his two legs; whereas other animals are not erect: or in the belly of his mother, with his head towards her head; in which state the child remains until near the birth, when it becomes inverted. (L.) And see كَابِدٌ and كَبِدٌ .

, (S, L, Msb, K, &c.,) the most chaste and best known form of the word, (TA,) and كِبْدٌ , (S, L, Msb, K,) a contraction of the former, (Msb,) and كَبْدٌ , (S, L, K,) also a contraction of the first, (S,) [The liver;] a certain black piece of flesh on the right of the lungs: (L:) fem., and sometimes masc.; (Fr, L, Msb, K;) or fem. only: (Lh, ISd, L, Msb:) pl. أَكْبَادٌ (S, L, Msb, K) and كُبُودٌ ; (L, Msb, K;) the latter seldom used. (Msb) Also, [the first,] The place of the liver, outside: (L;) the side. (K) It is said in a trad., فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى كَبِدِى , meaning, And he put his hand upon my side externally; or, upon the external part of my side, next the liver. (L.) The inside of an animal, altogether. (Kr, ISd, K.) Sometimes used in this sense. (Kr, ISd.) The inside, meaning a cave, or ravine, of a mountain. (L.) كَبِدُ الأَرْضِ The interior of the earth: (Msb:) or the minerals ( مَعَادِن ) of the earth: (A:) or the gold and silver and the like that are in the mines of the earth: (L:) pl. أَكْبَادٌ (A, L) and كُبُودٌ . (L.) It is said in a trad. وَتَلْقِى الأَرْضُ أَفْلَاذَ كَبِدِهَا And the earth shall cast forth what is hidden in her belly, of treasures and minerals. (L.) The middle of anything, (A, L, Msb, K, *) and its main part. (L, K.) The middle of the sea. (L.) The middle of a butt for archers. (A, L.) دَارُهُ كَبِدَ نَجْدٍ His house is in the middle of Nejd. (A.) كَبِدٌ ; (L;) in the K, كَبَدٌ ; but none [except F] says so; (MF;) The middle of a tract of sand, (L, K,) and its main part. (L.) كَبِدٌ ; (S, A, L, Msb;) in the K, كَبَدٌ ; but none [except F] says so; (MF;) and كَبْدٌ , and كَبْدَآءُ , (K,) and كُبَيْدَاتٌ , (S, A, L,) as though they had formed the dim. كُبَيْدَةٌ from كَبِدٌ , and then formed the pl.; (S, L;) in the K, كُبَيْدَاةٌ ; but this is wrong; (TA;) and كُبَيْدَآءُ , (L, Msb, K,) dim. of كَبِدٌ , contr. to rule, like سُوَيْدَآءُ ; (Msb;) [or dim. of كَبْدَآءُ ;] The middle of the sky, (S, A, L, K,) and its main part: (L;) or [the meridian of the sky;] the middle of the sky, wherein is the sun at the time of its declining from the meridian: (L:) or the part of the middle of the sky which faces the spectator. (Lth, L, Msb.) كَبِدٌ (Lh, L; in the K, كَبَدٌ ;) The air; (Lh, L, K;) as also كَبْدَآءُ . (L.) كَبِدٌ of a bow, The handle: (S, A, Msb:) or the part a little above the handle, (Az, L, Msb,) against which the arrow goes: (Az, L:) or the part between the two extremities of the handle, and that along which the arrow runs: (S, L:) or the part [midway] between the two extremities of its suspensory string or cord or the like: (As, L, K:) [see رِجْلٌ :] or the space of a cubit from its handle: (L, K:) or each part where the thong of its suspensory string or the like is tied: (L:) in the bow is its كَبِد , which is the part [midway] between the two extremities of its suspensory string or the like; then, next to this, the كُلْيَة ; then, next to this, the أَبْهَر ; then, next to this, the طَائِف ; then, the سِئَة , which is the curved part of each extremity. (As, L.) فُلَانٌ تُضْرَبٌ إِلَيْه أَكْبَادُ الإِبِلِ Such a one is a person to whom men journey seeking knowledge &c. (S, L, K.) [See an ex. in the first paragraph of art. ضرب .] سُودٌ الأَكْبَادِ [Black-livered men;] a designation of enemies, (As, S, L, K,) similar to صُهْبُ السِّبَالِ [q. v.]: (As, S, L:) they are so called because the effects of rancour, or malevolence, have [as it were] burnt their livers so that they have become black; the liver being the source of enmity. (L.)

: see كَبِدٌ , and أَكْبَدُ .

Pain of the liver: (S, L, K:) or a disease, or complaint, of the liver. (L.) The only known word, signifying a disease, derived from the name of the member affected, except نُكَافٌ and قُلَابٌ . (Kr.) It is said in a trad. الكُبَادُ مِنَ العَبِّ , (S, L,) i. e., The pain, or disease, of the liver is from drinking water without sipping. (L.)

and كُبَيْدَاتٌ : see كَبِدٌ .

A certain species of the لَيْمُون ; [citrus limon sponginus Ferrari: (Delile, Flor. Aeg. Illustr., no. 748:) a coll. gen. n.: n. un. with ة ]. (TA.)

a subst. from كَابَدَ , (ISd, L, K,) [in the sense of مُكَابَدَةٌ : see 3:] as also كَبَدٌ . (MF.) Ex. of the former, 1 [Many a night of nights has passed with a struggling against its severity: I have struggled against its severity; and it was long]. Said by El-'Ajjáj. جرّت signifies طالت . (L.) وَلَيْلَةٍ مِنَ اللَّيَالِى مَرَّتْ | بِكَابِدٍ كَابَدْتُهَا وَجَرَّتْ You also say, of adversaries in a contest, litigation, or the like, إِنَّهُمْ فِى كَبَدٍ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ [Verily they are in a state of struggling, contention, or strife, against mutual opposition with respect to their affair]. (A.)

Anything big, or large, and thick, in the middle. (L.) كَبْدَآءُ A she-camel large in the middle: (L:) and in like manner, a tract of sand, رَمْلَةٌ . (L, K.) أَكْبَدُ Big in the upper part of the belly: (L:) a man bulky in the middle, and therefore slow in his pace: fem. كَبْدَآءُ . (S, L, K. *) Having the place of his liver rising, or prominent. (K.) قَوْسٌ كَبْدَآءُ A bow of which the handle fills the hand: (S, A, L, K:) or, of which the part called the كَبِد is thick and strong. (L.) كَبْدَآءُ A mill that is turned with the hand: (L, K:) so called because of the difficulty, or trouble, with which it is turned. (L.) See مَكْبُودٌ . أَكْبَدُ A certain bird. (K.)

Hit, or hurt, in his liver. (S.) See مَكْبُوتٌ Having a complaint of his liver: (TA:) and أَكْبَدُ signifies the same: (A, L:) or this latter, having a pain in his liver. (L.)