muḍāriʿـِيَفْعِلُmaṣdarكَبْتٌ
Core sense — he threw him down prostrate; he abased him; he repelled himgenerated
1.1he threw him, or it, down on his, or its, face—كَبَتَهُ لِوَجْهِهِ
he threw him down prostrate.
Like كَبَّهُ; this is the primary meaning.
1.1.1may God throw him down prostrate, so that he may not succeed in what he undertakes, or may not win—كَبَتَهُ اللّٰهُ لِوَجْهِهِ
1.1.2He (God) threw the unbeliever down prostrate, and denied him what he desired—كَبَتَ الكَافِرَ
Or: disappointed him, and made him fail to get what he desired.
1.1.3he repelled him in his rage—كَبَتَهُ
Said of an enemy.
1.1.4the same as this word, [here apparently meaning he routed him, or put him to flight]—كَسَرَهُ
1.1.5he turned him away; and he abased him, made him vile or despicable—كَبَتَهُ
.
Same in meaning as أَذَلَّهُ and أَخْزَاهُ.
God turned the enemy away and abased him—كَبَتَ اللّٰهُ العَدُوَّ
1.1.6they have been abased and punished by being overcome—كُبِتُوا كَمَا كُبِتَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ
In the Qur'ān 58:6, of those who oppose God and his Apostle: just as those before them, of such as opposed God, were abased and punished.
Or: they have been enraged and grieved, on the occasion of the war of the Moat, just as those before them who fought with the prophets were enraged and grieved.
In support of this second reading it has been argued that الكبت is formed from الكبد, the liver, by putting ت in place of د, and that the liver is the source of rage and ill-will.
1.2he smote, or hurt, his liver—كَبَتَهُ
Same as كَبَدَهُ.
1.2.1figurative · مجازhe restrained his rage inside himself, in his bosom—كَبَتَ غَيْظَهُ فِى جَوْفِهِ
[whoever restrains his rage in his bosom, God will turn his enemy away and abase him through fear of him]—مَنْ كَبَتَ غَيْظَهُ فِى جَوْفِهِ كَبَتَ اللّٰهُ عَدُوَّهُ مِنْ خَوْفِهِ
Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1
3:127
لِيَقْطَعَ طَرَفًا مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓا۟ أَوْ يَكْبِتَهُمْ فَيَنقَلِبُوا۟ خَآئِبِينَThat He might cut off a fringe of the Unbelievers or expose them to infamy, and they should then be turned back, frustrated of their purpose.
58:5
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يُحَآدُّونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ كُبِتُوا۟ كَمَا كُبِتَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ وَقَدْ أَنزَلْنَآ ءَايَـٰتٍۭ بَيِّنَـٰتٍ ۚ وَلِلْكَـٰفِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌThose who resist Allah and His Messenger will be humbled to dust, as were those before them: for We have already sent down Clear Signs. And the Unbelievers (will have) a humiliating Penalty,-
Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.
Show Lane's original text
, aor. كَبِتَ , (inf. n. كَبْتٌ , TA,) He threw him down prostrate; (K;) as also كَبَتَهُ لِوَجْهِهِ : (S:) he threw him, or it, down upon his, or its face; like كَبَّهُ : this is the primary signification. (TA.) كَبَتَهُ اللّٰهُ لِوَجْهِهِ May God prostrate him, so that he may not succeed in his enterprise, or may not gain the victory! (TA.) كَبَتَ الكَافِرَ He (God) prostrated the unbeliever, and denied him what he desired, or disappointed him, or caused him to fail of attaining his desire. (TA, from a trad.) كَبَتَهُ He repelled him (i. e. an enemy) in his rage, or wrath. (K.) I. q. كَسَرَهُ [here app. signifying He routed him; or put him to flight.] (K.) كَبَتَهُ , (inf. n. كَبْتٌ , S,) He turned away, or averted, him: (S, K:) and abased him; debased him; rendered him vile, despicable, or ignominious. (S, K.) Syn. أَذَلَّهُ and أَخْزَاهُ (K) Ex. كَبَتَ اللّٰهُ العَدُوَّ God averted and abased the enemy. (S.) كُبِتُوا كَمَا كُبِتَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ , in the Kur, [lviii, 6,] signifies, They [who oppose God and his Apostle] have been abased, and punished, by their being overcome, like as those who were before them, of such as opposed God, were abased, &c.: (Zj:) or they have been enraged, and grieved, on the occasion of the war of the Moat, like as those who were before them, who fought with the prophets, were enraged and grieved: (Fr:) in favour of which latter interpretation it has been argued, that الكبت is formed from الكبد , the liver, by the substitution of ت for د , and that the liver is the source of rage and malevolence. (Az.) كَبَتَهُ i. q. كَبَدَهُ , He smote, or hurt, his liver. (TA.) كَبَتَ غَيْظَهُ فِى جَوْفِهِ He restrained his rage in his inside [or bosom]. You say, مَنْ كَبَتَ غَيْظَهُ فِى جَوْفِهِ كَبَتَ اللّٰهُ عَدُوَّهُ مِنْ خَوْفِهِ [Whoso restraineth his rage in his bosom, God will avert and abase his enemy, through fear of him]. (A.)