قسط

Form 1 · Form 2 · Form 4 · Form 5 · Form 8 · 11 entries · Qur'ānic frequency 25

Form 1قَسَطَ3 senses

muḍāriʿـِيَفْعِلُmaṣdarقُسُوطٌ

Core sense — he deviated from the right course, he acted unjustlygenerated

1.1he deviated from the right course; he acted unjustly, wrongfully, injuriously, or tyrannically—قَسِطَ

Maṣdar قُسُوطٌ and قَسْطٌ.

1.2

See also form 4, in two places.

1.3

And see form 2.

Show Lane's original text

, (S, M, &c.,) aor. قَسِطَ , (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. قُسُوطٌ (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and قَسْطٌ , (Mgh, Msb, K,) He declined, or deviated, from the right course; acted unjustly, wrongfully, injuriously, or tyrannically. (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K.) See also 4, in two places: and see 2.

Form 2قسّطهُ2 senses · 1 main

maṣdarتَقْسِيطٌ

Core sense — he distributed it, he apportioned itgenerated

2.1he distributed the property among them—قسّط المَالَ بِيْنَهُمْ

he distributed it, or dispersed it.

The K implies that the verb in this sense is قَسَطَ, of three letters only, without teshdeed.

he assigned the portions which each one of them should pay of the tax called خراج—قسّط الخَرَاجَ عَلَيْهِمْ

he assessed, or apportioned, the خراج with equity and equality, to be paid at certain times—قسّط الخَرَاجَ

2.1.1he was niggardly towards his household in expenditure—قسّط عَلَى عِيَالِهِ النَّفَقَةَ

Maṣdar as above.

Show Lane's original text

, (IAar, M, TA,) inf. n. تَقْسِيطٌ , (IAar, TA,) He distributed it; or dispersed it. (IAar, M, TA.) It is implied in the K that the verb in this sense is قَسَطَ , of three letters [only, without teshdeed]. (TA.) You say, قسّط المَالَ بِيْنَهُمْ He distributed the property among them. (TA.) And قسّط الخَرَاجَ عَلَيْهِمْ He assigned the several portions which each one of them should pay of the [tax called] خراج : (TA:) or قسّط الخَرَاجَ , inf. n. as above, signifies he assessed, or apportioned, the خراج (Mgh, Msb) with equity and equality, (Mgh,) to be paid at certain times. (Msb.) قسّط عَلَى عِيَالِهِ النَّفَقَةَ , (TA,) inf. n. as above, (K,) He was niggardly, or parsimonious, towards his household in expenditure. (K, * TA.)

Form 4اقسط1 sense

maṣdarإِقْسَاطٌ

Core sense — he acted equitably, or justlygenerated

4.1he acted equitably, or justly—قَسَطَ

he acted equitably, or justly, in his judgment or the like.

According to IKtt, with muḍāriʿ قَسِطَ and قَسُطَ; but the first of these muḍāriʿ forms, like the first verb, is the better known. Maṣdar قَسْطٌ or قِسْطٌ [q. v. below]; or إِقْسَاطٌ is only in division.

So this second verb is made to have two opposite meanings. In the first of them, according to some, the أ has a privative effect, [so that the verb properly signifies he did away with, or put away, injustice, or the like,] as [it has in اشكاه] in the phrase شَكَى إِليَسْهِ فَأَشْكَاهُ [he complained to him and he made his complaint to cease].

[And if you fear that you may not act equitably with respect to the orphans]—وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِى اليَتَامَى

In the Qur'ān 4:3.

According to one reading, تَقْسُطُوا, with damm to the س.

[I acted equitably between them]—أَقْسَطْتُ بَيْنَهُمْ

[towards them]—إِلَيْهِمْ

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 4 1 shown of 3

60:8

لَّا يَنْهَىٰكُمُ ٱللَّهُ عَنِ ٱلَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَـٰتِلُوكُمْ فِى ٱلدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُم مِّن دِيَـٰرِكُمْ أَن تَبَرُّوهُمْ وَتُقْسِطُوٓا۟ إِلَيْهِمْ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُقْسِطِينَ

Allah forbids you not, with regard to those who fight you not for (your) Faith nor drive you out of your homes, from dealing kindly and justly with them: for Allah loveth those who are just.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

, (S, M, Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. إِقْسَاطٌ , (Mgh, K,) He acted equitably, or justly, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) in his judgment or the like; (M, TA;) as also, (Msb, K,) accord. to IKtt, (Msb,) قَسَطَ , aor. قَسِطَ (Msb, K) and قَسُطَ , (K,) but the former of these aors., as well as the former verb, is the more known, (TA,) inf. n. قَسْطٌ , (Msb, TA,) or قِسْطٌ [q. v. infra]; (M, K;) or إِقْسَاطٌ is only in division: (TA:) thus the latter of these two verbs is made to have two contr. significations: (Msb, TA:) in the former of them, accord. to some, the أ has a privative effect, [so that the verb properly signifies he did away with, or put away, injustice, or the like,] as [it has in اشكاه ] in the phrase شَكَى إِليَسْهِ فَأَشْكَاهُ [he complained to him and he made his complaint to cease]. (TA.) It is said in the Kur, [iv. 3,] وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِى اليَتَامَى [And if ye fear lest ye should not act equitably with respect to the orphans]: (Mgh:) or, accord. to one reading, تَقْسُطُوا , with damm to the س . (TA.) And you say also, أَقْسَطْتُ بَيْنَهُمْ [I acted equitably between them], and إِلَيْهِمْ [towards them]. (TA.)

Form 5تَقَسَّطُوا الشَّىْءِ بَيْنَهُمْ1 sense

Core sense — they divided the thing among themselves equitablygenerated

5.1they divided the property among themselves—إِقْتَسَطُوا المَالَ بَيْنَهُمْ

They divided the thing among themselves equitably, or equitably and equally. Lth is among those who give this. بينهم is omitted in some copies.

إِقْتِسَاطٌ has the same meaning as إِقْتِسَامٌ.

Show Lane's original text

They divided the thing among themselves (Lth, S, * M [in which last بينهم is omitted] and O, L, K) equitably, (M, O,) or equitably and equally, (L,) or with equality. (Lth, K.) You say also, إِقْتَسَطُوا المَالَ بَيْنَهُمْ They divided the property among themselves; (TK;) إِقْتِسَاطٌ being syn. with إِقْتِسَامٌ . (K.)

Form 8إِقْتَسَطَ1 sense

Core sense — they divided a thing among themselves equitablygenerated

8.1

See form 5.

Show Lane's original text

see 5.

Derived nouns 6

Nounقُسْطٌ1 sense

Core sense — costus, a fragrant Indian wood used for fumigationgenerated

A dialectal variant of كُسْطٌ; or, according to Yaakoob, the ق is a substitute [for ك]. IF says the word is Arabic.

[Costus; so in the present day;] a certain substance, or perfume, or wood — an Indian, and also Arabian, wood with which one fumigates; well known. It is also called كُسْطٌ, كُشْطٌ, and قُشْطٌ.

Or a wood which is brought from India, and which is put into the substances used for fumigating, and into medicine; or a certain drug of the sea.

[It is said, under the word حِنْزَابٌ, that the carrot of the is called قُسْطٌ.]

In a tradition, القُسْطُ البَحْرِىُّ [or قُسْط of the sea] is mentioned as one of the best of remedies.

In another tradition, قُسْط is joined by the conjunction و to أَظْفَار; or, according to one relation of it, it is prefixed to that word, governing it in the genitive.

IAth says that it is a sort of perfume; but some say that it is aloes-wood. [See also ظَفَارِىٌّ.]

Others say it is a well-known drug, of sweet odour, with which women and infants are fumigated.

It is diuretic, highly beneficial to the liver, and good for the colic, for worms, and for the quartan fever, taken as a drink; and for rheum, defluxions, and pestilence, when the patient is fumigated with it; and for the [leprous-like disorder called] بَهَق and the [discolouration of the face termed] كَلَف when applied as a liniment. It confines the bowels, expels wind, strengthens the stomach and heart, gives a pleasurable sensation, is an ingredient in many sorts of perfume, and is the best of perfumes in odour when one fumigates with it.

Show Lane's original text

a dial. var. of كُسْطٌ , or, accord. to Yaakoob, the ق is a substitute [for ك ]; (M;) said by IF to be Arabic; (Msb;) [Costus; so in the present day;] a certain substance, (AA, Msb,) or perfume, (Mgh,) or wood, (M,) or a certain Indian wood, and also Arabian, (K,) with which one fumigates; (AA, M, Mgh, Msb;) well known; (Msb;) also called كُسْطٌ and كُشْطٌ (AA) and قُشْطٌ : (TA in art. قشط :) or a wood which is brought from India, and which is put into the substances used for fumigating, and into medicine: (Lth:) or a certain drug of the sea: (S:) [it is said in the S and TA, voce حِنْزَابٌ , that the carrot of the ( جَزَرُ البَحْرِ ) is called قُسْطٌ :] in a trad., القُسْطُ البَحْرِىُّ [or قُسْط of the sea] is mentioned as one of the best of remedies: and in another trad., قُسْط is coupled by the conjunction و with أَظْفَار , or, accord. to one relation thereof, is prefixed to the latter word, governing it in the gen. case: and IAth says, that it is a sort of perfume: but some say that it is aloes-wood ( عُود , q. v.): [see also ظَفَارِىٌّ :] and others, a well-known drug, of sweet odour, with which women and infants are fumigated: (TA:) it is diuretic, beneficial to the liver in a high degree, and for the colic, and for worms, and the quartan fever, as a beverage; and for rheum, and defluxions, and pestilence, when the patient is fumigated therewith; and for the [leprous-like disorder called] بَهَق , and the [discolouration of the face termed] كَلَف , when applied as a liniment; (K;) and it confines the bowels, expels wind, strengthens the stomach and heart, occasions pleasurable sensation, is an ingredient in many sorts of perfume, and is the best of perfumes in odour when one fumigates therewith. (TA.)

Nounقِسْطٌ9 senses · 3 main

Core sense — equity, justice; a portion, or share; a measure for corn; a balancegenerated

Equity; justice: [a maṣdar having no proper verb, or] a noun from أَقْسَطَ.

2an equitable, or a just, balance—مِيزَانٌ قِسْطٌ

Equitable; just: a maṣdar used as an adjective, like its synonym عَدْلٌ, and so applied alike to a singular noun [and to a dual] and to a plural.

One says also مِيزَانَانِ قِسْطٌ, and, in accordance with the usage of the Qur'ān 21:48, مَوَازِينُ قِسْطٌ.

3he gave him his portion, share, or lot in full—وَفَّاهُ قِسْطَهُ

A portion, share, or lot of a thing, or belonging to a person. Plural أَقْسَاطٌ.

every one of the partners took his portion, or share—أَخَذَ كُلٌّ مِنَ الشُّرَكَآءِ قِسْطَهُ

3.1

A portion, or piece; so according to an explanation of the plural, أَقْسَاطٌ.

3.2He makes small the portion of the means of subsistence that is the share of a created being, and makes it large—يَخْفِضُ القِسْطَ وَيَرْفَعُهُ

The means of subsistence; or the portion of it which is the share of every created being.

Said of God, in a tradition; this is one explanation given of it.

[Another meaning is assigned to it in this instance below; see also art. خفض.]

3.3

A quantity of water only; or any quantity, of water and of other things.

3.4[Women are of the most lightwitted of the lightwitted,] except she who serves her husband—إِنَّ النِّسَآءَ مِنْ أَسْفَهِ السُّفَهَآءِ إِلَّا صَاحِبَةَ القِسْطِ وَالسِّرَاجِ

A measure with which corn is measured, which holds half of a صَاع, six of them making a فَرْقَ; according to Mbr, four hundred and eighty-one dirhems.

Sometimes it is used for performing the ablution termed وُضُوْء, and hence it occurs in a tradition.

Here the قِسْط is the vessel in which the وضوء is performed.

The meaning seems to be: except she who serves her husband, helps him to perform the وضوء [so I render تُوَضِّئُهُ], takes care of the vessel he uses for that purpose, and stands at his head with the lamp; or who manages his affairs with respect to his وضوء and his lamp.

3.5

A [mug of the kind called] كُوز, so called by the people of the great towns; now applied to one with which olive-oil is measured.

3.6He lowers the balance and raises it—يَخْفِضُ القِسْطَ وَيَرْفَعُهُ

Some say that this is the meaning of the word in the phrase quoted earlier; the reference is to the means of subsistence which God decrees.

A balance, or weighing-instrument.

Qur’ānic occurrences قِسْط 5 shown of 15

3:18

شَهِدَ ٱللَّهُ أَنَّهُۥ لَآ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ وَٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ وَأُو۟لُوا۟ ٱلْعِلْمِ قَآئِمًۢا بِٱلْقِسْطِ ۚ لَآ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ

There is no god but He: That is the witness of Allah, His angels, and those endued with knowledge, standing firm on justice. There is no god but He, the Exalted in Power, the Wise.

7:29

قُلْ أَمَرَ رَبِّى بِٱلْقِسْطِ ۖ وَأَقِيمُوا۟ وُجُوهَكُمْ عِندَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍ وَٱدْعُوهُ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ ٱلدِّينَ ۚ كَمَا بَدَأَكُمْ تَعُودُونَ

Say: "My Lord hath commanded justice; and that ye set your whole selves (to Him) at every time and place of prayer, and call upon Him, making your devotion sincere as in His sight: such as He created you in the beginning, so shall ye return."

10:47

وَلِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَّسُولٌ ۖ فَإِذَا جَآءَ رَسُولُهُمْ قُضِىَ بَيْنَهُم بِٱلْقِسْطِ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ

To every people (was sent) a messenger: when their messenger comes (before them), the matter will be judged between them with justice, and they will not be wronged.

11:85

وَيَـٰقَوْمِ أَوْفُوا۟ ٱلْمِكْيَالَ وَٱلْمِيزَانَ بِٱلْقِسْطِ ۖ وَلَا تَبْخَسُوا۟ ٱلنَّاسَ أَشْيَآءَهُمْ وَلَا تَعْثَوْا۟ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ

"And O my people! give just measure and weight, nor withhold from the people the things that are their due: commit not evil in the land with intent to do mischief.

55:9

وَأَقِيمُوا۟ ٱلْوَزْنَ بِٱلْقِسْطِ وَلَا تُخْسِرُوا۟ ٱلْمِيزَانَ

So establish weight with justice and fall not short in the balance.

Show Lane's original text

Equity; justice: (S, * M, Mgh, Msb, K: *) [an inf. n. having no proper verb, or] a subst. from أَقْسَطَ . (Mgh, Msb.) Equitable; just: (S, * M, K:) an inf. n. used as an epithet, like its syn. عَدْلٌ ; (M, K;) and [therefore] applied alike to a sing. n. [and to a dual] and to a pl.: (K:) you say مِيزَانٌ قِسْطٌ an equitable, or a just, balance; and مِيزَانَانِ قِسْطٌ ; and, agreeably with the usage of the Kur, xxi. 48, مَوَازِينُ قِسْطٌ . (M.) A portion, share, or lot; (S, M, Msb, K;) of a thing; (K;) and pertaining to a person: (TA:) pl. أَقْسَاطٌ . (Msb.) You say, وَفَّاهُ قِسْطَهُ He gave him in full his portion, share, or lot. (TA.) And أَخَذَ كُلٌّ مِنَ الشُّرَكَآءِ قِسْطَهُ Every one of the partners took his portion, or share. (TA.) A portion, or piece. (So accord. to an explanation of the pl., أَقْسَاطٌ , in the TA.) The means of subsistence: (K:) or the portion thereof which is the share of every created being. (TA.) يَخْفِضُ القِسْطَ وَيَرْفَعُهُ , said of God, in a trad., has been explained as meaning He maketh the portion of the means of subsistence which is the share of any created being little, and maketh it much. (TA.) [See, below, another meaning which is assigned to it in this instance; and see also art. خفض .] A quantity, (K, TA,) of water only; or any quantity, of water and of other things. (TA.) A measure with which corn is measured, (S, Mgh, K,) which holds (K) half of a صَاع ; (S, Mgh, K;) six thereof making a فَرْقَ : (S:) accord. to Mbr, four hundred and eighty-one dirhems. (TA.) Sometimes it is used for performing the ablution termed وُضُوْء : and hence it is said in a trad., إِنَّ النِّسَآءَ مِنْ أَسْفَهِ السُّفَهَآءِ إِلَّا صَاحِبَةَ القِسْطِ وَالسِّرَاجِ ; (K;) the قِسْط being here the vessel in which the وضوء is performed; (TA;) the meaning app. being, [Women are of the most lightwitted of the lightwitted,] except she who serves her husband, and assists him to perform the وضوء , [so I render تُوَضِّئُهُ ,] and takes care of the vessel which he uses for that purpose, and stands at his head with the lamp: (K:) or who performs his affairs with respect to his وضوء and his lamp. (Nh.) A [mug of the kind called] كُوز ; (M, K;) so called by the people of the great towns: (M:) now applied to one with which olive-oil is measured. (TA.) A balance, or weighing-instrument. (K.) Some say that this is its meaning in the phrase mentioned above, يَخْفِضُ القِسْطَ وَيَرْفَعُهُ He depresseth the balance, and raiseth it: alluding to the means of subsistence which He decrees. (TA.)

Nounقَاسِطٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — deviating from the right course, acting unjustly; also acting justlygenerated

1he is deviating from the right course; he is not acting equitably, or justly—هُوَ قَاسِطٌ غَيْرُ مُقْسِطٍ

Deviating from the right course; acting unjustly, wrongfully, injuriously, or tyrannically. Plural قَاسِطُونَ and قُسَّاطٌ.

[As for the deviators from the right course, they shall be fuel for hell]—أَمَّا ٱلْقَاسِطُونَ فَكَانُوا لِجَهَنَّمَ حَطَبًا

In the Qur'ān 72:15. [See also عَادِلٌ.]

1.1the party of Mo'áwiyeh; the people of Siffeen—القَاسِطُونَ

This is a special application of the word.

1.2

[It also has the opposite meaning, that is, acting equitably, or justly. See again عَادِلٌ.]

Show Lane's original text

Declining, or deviating, from the right course; acting unjustly, wrongfully, injuriously, or tyrannically: pl. قَاسِطُونَ (S, M, Mgh, TA) and قُسَّاطٌ . (TA.) You say, هُوَ قَاسِطٌ غَيْرُ مُقْسِطٍ He is declining, or deviating, from the right course; &c.: not acting equitably, or justly. (TA.) And it is said in the Kur, [lxxii. 15,] أَمَّا ٱلْقَاسِطُونَ فَكَانُوا لِجَهَنَّمَ حَطَبًا [As for the deviators from the right course, they shall be fuel for hell]. (S, M, Mgh.) [See also عَادِلٌ .] القَاسِطُونَ is also specially applied to The party of Mo'áwiyeh; (Mgh;) the people of Siffeen. (TA.) [And it has the contr. meaning, i. e. Acting equitably, or justly. See, again, عَادِلٌ .]

Nounأَقْسَطُ1 sense

Core sense — more, or most, equitable, just, or rightgenerated

More [and most] equitable, just, or right. It occurs in the Qur'ān 2:282 and 33:5.

It is formed from the triliteral verb [قَسَطَ], not from the quadriliteral [أَقْسَطَ], as some assert it to be, treating it as irregular.

Qur’ānic occurrences أَقْسَط 1 shown of 2

33:5

ٱدْعُوهُمْ لِـَٔابَآئِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ ۚ فَإِن لَّمْ تَعْلَمُوٓا۟ ءَابَآءَهُمْ فَإِخْوَٰنُكُمْ فِى ٱلدِّينِ وَمَوَٰلِيكُمْ ۚ وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَآ أَخْطَأْتُم بِهِۦ وَلَـٰكِن مَّا تَعَمَّدَتْ قُلُوبُكُمْ ۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا

Call them by (the names of) their fathers: that is juster in the sight of Allah. But if ye know not their father's (names, call them) your Brothers in faith, or your maulas. But there is no blame on you if ye make a mistake therein: (what counts is) the intention of your hearts: and Allah is Oft-Returning, Most Merciful.

Show Lane's original text

More [and most] equitable, just, or right: occurring in the Kur, ii. 282, and xxxiii. 5: (TA:) formed from the triliteral verb [ قَسَطَ ], not from the quadriliteral [ أَقْسَطَ ], as some assert it to be, holding it anomalous. (MF.)

Nounتَقْسِيطٌ1 sense

Core sense — the register in which a man's share of property is writtengenerated

The register in which a man's portion, or share, of property and the like is written; a noun, like تَمْتِينٌ.

Show Lane's original text

The register in which is written a man's portion, or share, ( قِسْط ,) of property &c: a subst., like تَمْتِينٌ . (TA.)

Nounمُقْسِطٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — acting equitably, or justlygenerated

1[God loves those who act equitably, or justly]—إِنَّ ٱللّٰهَ يُحِبُّ المُقْسِطِينَ

In the Qur'ān 5:46, 49:9, and 60:8.

Acting equitably, or justly.

1.1the Equitable—المُقْسِطُ

One of the names of God.

Show Lane's original text

Acting equitably, or justly. (S, M.) It is said in the Kur, [v. 46, and xlix. 9, and lx. 8,] إِنَّ ٱللّٰهَ يُحِبُّ المُقْسِطِينَ [God loveth those who act equitably, or justly]. (S, M.) المُقْسِطُ is one of the names of God, meaning The Equitable. (TA.)