قرب

maṣdar قُرْبٌ, قُرْبَةٌ, قَرَابَةٌ, قُرْبَى and مَقْرَبَةٌ, to which may be added some other synonyms mentioned below, with قُرْبٌ and قَرَابَةٌ.

It, and he, was, or became, near; synonym دَنَا, the opposite of بَعُدَ.

Or قُرْبٌ is nearness in place, قُرْبَةٌ in station, grade, or rank, and قَرَابَةٌ and قُرْبَى in الرَّحِم [meaning relationship, or relationship by the female side]; or, according to the T, قَرَابَةٌ is in النَّسَب [apparently relationship in a general sense], and قُرْبَى in الرَّحِم [apparently relationship by the female side].

Also إِلَيْهِ and قَرِبَهُ; maṣdar of the first verb قُرْبٌ or قُرْبٌ and قُرْبَةٌ and so on as above, or قُرْبٌ, مَقْرَبَةٌ and مَقْرُبَةٌ, and of the second verb قِرْبَانٌ and قُرْبَانٌ; synonym دَنَا.

Or only the first verb means this; but when one says لَا تَقْرَبْ كَذَا, with fet-ḥ to the ر, the meaning is: do not occupy yourself with doing such a thing.

and also قَرَبْتُهُ, that is, like تَعِبَ and like قَتَلَ. The meaning may also be: I approached doing something with it or to it.

An example of the first of these meanings, from the Qur'ān 17:34; according to some it is an example of the other meaning.

a metonymic phrase.

That is, لَا تَدْنُوا مِنْهُ; an example of the second of the meanings given above.

The Arabs say this of a man when something has disturbed and grieved him; or the meaning is: recent and old griefs took hold on him. See art. قدم and art. بعد.

So explained by Zj; see art. دلو, Form 5, in that article.

Several other verbs belonging to this article are synonymous, or nearly so, with قَرُبَ or with قَرِبَ in the senses explained above. Thus اقرب is synonymous with قَرُبَ in the first of those senses, as أَدْنَى is with دَنَا, which has it for its maṣdar.

الإِقْرَابُ means الدُّبُوُّ.

اقترب also is synonymous with قَرُبَ in the first of the senses explained above; that is, it is synonymous with دَنَا, or with تقارب, meaning he, or it, drew near.

Qur'ān 21:97; it means تقارب.

It is also said to have a more particular meaning than قَرُبَ, since it denotes intensiveness in القُرْب; so says Ibn-'Arafeh, probably meaning that it denotes labour and difficulty in accomplishing the act.

تقرّب is likewise synonymous with قَرُبَ, that is, دَنَا, in the phrase تقرّب مِنْهُ [see قَرُبَ مِنْهُ]; or it means he drew near, or approached, to a thing little by little.

Also الأَمْرَ, like قَرِبَهُ in many instances.

. [See also أَقْرَبَ القَوْمُ.]

According to Lth: after pasturing their camels in the tract between them and the watering-place, and journeying on for part of the time until only a night, or an evening, remained between them and the water, they hastened..

Some copies of the K have الإِبِلَ, others الإِبِلُ, as in the K; but according to Th the verb is قَرَبَتِ الإِبِلُ.

Said by a man of himself.

Maṣdar قَرْبٌ. The scabbard is the قِرَاب.

Maṣdar إِقْرَابٌ.

Either of these two verbs may also mean he made for the sword a قِرَاب; or the second of them has both meanings; or the first is said of a sword or of a knife in the one sense, and the second in the other; or the first means he made for the sword a قِرَاب, and the second, he put the sword into its قِرَاب.

Also اقربهُ: he made a قِرَاب.

A maṣdar whose verb is قَرَبَ. The word for the flanks is أَقْرَاب, plural of قُرْبٌ or قُرُبٌ.

With kesr to the ر, like فَرِح, maṣdar apparently قَرَبٌ. The flank is his قُرْب or قُرُب.

Maṣdar تَقْرِيبٌ; in one source this verb is only indicated by the mention of its maṣdar.

He made, or caused, him, or it, to be near; he brought, or drew, him, or it, near.

Hence the phrase قَرَّبَ ٱللّٰهُ دَارَكَ, which is explained below.

See also Form 1, near the end, in two places.

I was, or became, near to him, or it; maṣdar مُقَارَبَةٌ and قِرَابٌ; the opposite of بَاعَدْتُهُ.

See also Form 1, near the middle of that paragraph.

See Form 1, second quarter.

See also Form 1, last quarter, in six places.

See Form 1, near the middle of that paragraph.

The flank is his قُرْب; or, as some say, this is said of one hastening, or going quickly.

Also اقتربوا, apparently with the same meaning, like تخاصموا and اختصموا, تخالطوا and اختلطوا, تشاركوا and اشتركوا, and the like.

See Form 1, second quarter, in two places.

The opposite of استبعدهُ.

Mentioned in the first sentence of this article as a maṣdar; the opposite of بُعْدٌ. Used as a simple noun it means nearness, said to be properly, or primarily, nearness of place, that is, vicinity, as distinguished from قُرْبَةٌ and the like.

One does not say إِنَّ بُعْدَكَ زَيْدًا, because قُرْب can be used as an adverbial noun of place more readily than بُعْد.

So Sb. See also قَرِيبٌ.

This phrase occurs frequently.

Also مِنْ قَرِيبٍ: he took it with his hand from a near place or spot.

Also مِنْ قَرِيبٍ: from within a short distance. See art. ام.

Also قُرُبٌ, the first of the two being the original form. The flank is the خَاصِرَة; or the part from the شَاكِلَة — which is much the same as خَاصِرَة — to the مَرَاقّ, the soft parts of the belly; and likewise from the رَفْغ, generally meaning the groin, to the armpit, on each side.

Properly used of a horse; sometimes used figuratively of a she-camel, of an ass, and of a man (see Form 5, last sentence). The plural is أَقْرَابٌ, which is also used in place of the dual.

Mentioned in the latter half of the first paragraph of this article as a maṣdar; said to be a noun, meaning a journey to water when it is a night's journey distant; or, as As said on the authority of an Arab of the desert, a journey by night in order to reach the water in the morning; and so قِرَابَةٌ, also mentioned above as a maṣdar.

A journey by night in order to arrive at the water on the second following day is called طَلَقٌ. The word also means the seeking of water by night; or such a journey when the water is not more than a night's journey distant; or the first day on which one journeys to water two days distant, the second day being called طَلَقٌ — but the converse seems to be the truth, being asserted by several of the highest authorities and agreeing with the derivation of each of the two words; see طَلَقٌ. Or it is the night after which, in the morning, one arrives at the water.

لَيْلَةُ القَرَبِ is the night in which people with their camels hasten to the water on a journey of this kind; the term قَرَبٌ بَصْبَاصٌ is applied to a people's letting their camels pasture while they journey towards water, and then hastening towards it when an evening remains between them and it.

Or, as is said on the authority of As, لَيْلَةُ القَرَبِ is the second night after the pastor has turned the faces of his camels towards the water and so left them to pasture, this second night being the night of hard driving; the first night is called لَيْلَةُ الطَّلَقِ. According to AA, the journey called القَرَبُ is one of three days or more.

Hence القَرَبَ is used to mean what is a night's journey distant; see art. نوب, in explanation of a verse cited there. Or, according to IAar, قَرَب there means near, so as to be visited repeatedly; or, as AA says, at such a distance as to be visited once in three days.

See also a saying mentioned under حَوْزٌ.

See قُرْبٌ, last sentence.

A maṣdar of قَرُبَ, used as a simple noun meaning nearness; like قُرْبٌ, or else this word denotes nearness in station, grade, or rank.

A kind of سِقَآء, or skin, used for water; or a وَطْب, a skin used for milk and sometimes for water; or one that is sewed on one side.

[The modern قِرْبَة, which is seldom, if ever, used for anything but water, is always made of the skin of a goat about a year old or more: it consists of nearly the whole skin, only the skin of the head and a small part of that of each leg being cut off; it has a seam running from the upper part of the throat nearly to the belly, and sometimes a matching seam at the hinder part, though more commonly only a patch of leather over the fundament and navel; over each seam a narrow strip of leather is sewed, and a mouth of leather is added in place of the head; it is carried on the back by a strap or cord, one end of which is generally attached to a cord joining the two fore-legs, and the other to the right hind leg.]

The plural of paucity is قِرْبَاتٌ, قِرَبَاتٌ and قِرِبَاتٌ; of multitude, قِرَبٌ.

This, and قِرَابَةٌ, are said of a vessel that is nearly filled: in it is a quantity that nearly fills it. [See also قِرَابٌ.]

See قُرْبَةٌ.

Mentioned in the first sentence of this article as a maṣdar, and used also as a simple noun: see قَرَابَةٌ, in five places, and see also قَرِيبٌ, latter half.

A vessel nearly full; feminine قُرْبَى, plural قِرَابٌ.

Yaakoob: the ق in قربان is sometimes changed into ك; but ISd denies this. See art. كرب.

See also the next paragraph.

See قُرْبَةٌ. It may often be rendered an offering, or oblation, and hence it sometimes means a sacrifice, as in the Qur'ān 3:179. Plural قَرَابِينُ.

Occurs in a tradition, quoted from the Book of the Law revealed to Moses and referring to the Arabs: they seek to bring themselves near to God by shedding their blood in fighting in the cause of religion, whereas the قربان of preceding peoples consisted in the slaughtering of oxen or cows, of sheep or goats, and of camels.

In another tradition; meaning that by which the pious seek to bring themselves near to God.

See قُرْبٌ, former half.

See قَرِيبٌ, last quarter, in two places.

A maṣdar of Form 3; hence قِرَابَ as an adverbial noun of time.

'Oweyf El-Kawáfee, describing she-camels — or, in another account, 'Oweyf El-Fezáree — says

: he is the offspring of she-camels that went beyond the usual time of bringing forth, and used formerly to exceed the reckoned time by nearly a month. J gives a different reading of this verse, يَرِدْنَ عَلَى الغَدِيِر, but the reading given above is the correct one.

Also the غِمْد, the scabbard or sheath, of a sword or of a knife; or the جَفْن, the case or receptacle, of the غِمْد; the جَفْن, which is a case in which is the sword together with its scabbard and its suspensory belt or cord.

It is like a جِرَاب of leather, into which the rider, or the rider on a camel, puts his sword with its جَفْن — here meaning scabbard — and his whip, his staff or stick, and his utensils; or like the جِرَاب, into which one puts his sword with its scabbard, his whip, and sometimes his travelling provisions of dates and the like.

The plural of the قِرَاب of a sword is قُرُبٌ, a plural of multitude, and أَقْرِبَةٌ, a plural of paucity, like خُمُرٌ and أَخْمِرَةٌ, plurals of خِمَارٌ. See also قُرْبٌ, latter half.

Near in respect of place. In this sense it is used alike for singular, plural and dual, and for masculine and feminine, as is بَعِيدٌ in the opposite sense.

The Arabs say also هُمَا قَرِيبٌ مِنِّى, هُمْ قَرِيبٌ مِنِّى and هِىَ قَرِيبٌ مِنِّى and the like, meaning فِى مَكَانٍ قَرِيبٍ.

As though one said هِنْدٌ مَوْضِعُهَا قَرِيبٌ مِنْكَ: Hind, her place is near to you.

Qur'ān 7:54; but it is allowable to say قَرِيبَةٌ, as also بَعِيدَةٌ.

قريب is here without ة because رحمة is not really, but only conventionally, of the feminine gender; but this reason is not satisfactory, since it does not apply to the other cases mentioned above. It is also said to be without ة because it is likened to an adjective of the measure فَعُولٌ, which does not receive the feminine ending ة.

Hence the phrase مِنْ قَرِيبٍ; see قُرْبٌ, former half, in two places.

Like the way one says إِنَّ قُرْبَكَ زَيْدًا.

Also salted fish while still in its recent, moist state; in some of the lexicons written قِرِّيبٌ.

Originally a maṣdar, of قَرُبَ, as apparently is every one of the synonyms that follow: قُرْبَى, قُرْبَةٌ, قُرُبَةٌ, قُرْبٌ, مَقْرُبَةٌ, مَقْرَبَةٌ and مَقْرِبَةٌ. All of them, or this word and قُرْبَى, mean relationship, or relationship by the female side; or this word has the first of these meanings and قُرْبَى the second.

In the S, القَرَابَةُ is explained as meaning القُرْبَى فِى الرَّحِمِ; in the Mgh and Msb, it and القُرْبَى are explained as being فِى الرَّحِمِ; but in the T, as cited in the TA, the former is explained as being فِى النَّسَبِ, and القُرْبَى as being فِى الرَّحِمِ. See the first sentence of this article.

See قُرْبٌ, first quarter.

See قَرَبَةٌ.

And see also قَرَبٌ.

They came near together; the second word is similar in form to فُرَادَى.

Diminutive of قُرْبَى.

A proverb applied to one who asks you for something wanted which someone more nearly related to you than he is has already asked of you. Meyd. See another proverb, apparently similar in meaning and application, under دَنِىٌّ in art. دنو.

A maker of what are called قرب, apparently قُرُب, plural of قِرَابٌ, or perhaps قِرَب, plural of قِرْبَةٌ.

And the like: see art. قرنب.

Ism fāʿil of قَرَبَ, said of a man journeying to water; and, according to As and A'Obeyd, an ism fāʿil of أَقْرَبَ used in a similar sense, and as such irregular.

Az: one seeking, or seeking to attain, or journeying to, water, without specifying any time; or, according to Kh, one doing so by night, and not applied to one doing so by day.

Its plural قَوَارِبُونَ means people whose camels are making a journey such as is termed قَرَبٌ; see Form 4, latter half. The adjective applied to the camels in this case is قَوَارِبُ — for another explanation of which see طَلَقٌ — and this adjective is used of birds as well.

Occurs in a tradition. See also هَارِبٌ.

Also a small سَفِينَة, that is, a skiff, a ship's boat, used by the seamen as a convenient means of getting their needful affairs done; also called سُنْبُوكٌ, or سُنْبُوقٌ. Plural قَوَارِبُ.

أَقْرُبٌ occurs in a tradition, and is said to be also a plural of قَارِبٌ; but IAth says that this is not known as a plural of قارب except as an irregular one, and it is said that أَفْرُبُ السَّفِينَةِ means the nearest parts of the ship, that is, the parts next to the land.

Water over which one has no power, or with which one cannot cope, because of its abundance.

Nearer, and nearest, in respect of place, and in respect of time, and the like: see قَرِيبٌ, in the middle of the paragraph.

The foretokens of water appeared: that is, small pebbles, from seeing which the well-digger, when he has nearly reached a spring, knows that water is near.

This, and مَقْرَبَةٌ: a near, or the nearest, road or way; or a small road or way leading into a great one; said to be from القَرَبُ, meaning the journeying by night, or the journeying by night to water.

IAar: the first of the two is a conspicuous road or way; see مَطْرَبٌ. AA: the second is a place of alighting, sojourning or abiding, from القَرَبُ, meaning the journeying by night and the like.

The plural is مَقَارِبُ.

A horse that is brought, or kept, near to the tent or dwelling, and treated generously, and not left to seek for pasture; feminine with ة. Or this is done only with mares, lest a stallion of low race should cover them.

El-Ahmar. Or horses that have been prepared for riding by scant food; or horses of generous race, not confined in the pasturage but confined near to the tents or dwellings, prepared for running.

Or camels upon which are saddles cased with leather, on which kings ride; but Aboo-Sa'eed disallowed this explanation. See also مُكْرَبَاتٌ.

A woman, a mare, a ewe or goat, and an ass, near to bringing forth; said not to be used of a camel, the adjective used in that case being مُدْنٍ — but see the verb.

The plural is مَقَارِيبُ, as though the singular had been imagined to be مِقْرَابٌ.

See قَرَابَةٌ.

And see also مَقْرَبٌ.

See قَرَابَةٌ, and see also قَرِيبٌ, latter half.

See قَرَابَةٌ.

See الكَرُوبِيُّونَ.

See also what follows here, in two places.

This, and مُقَرَّبٌ, هَلْ مِنْ مُقَرِّبَةِ خَبَرٍ and مُقَرَّبَةِ خَبَرٍ, occur written thus, probably by mistake, the ق being put in the place of غ; see مُغَرِّبٌ in art. غرب.

See the next paragraph, in two places.

With kesr to the ر: a thing of a middling sort, between the good and the bad; and also a cheap thing.

One should not say مُقَارَبٌ, with fet-ḥ.

With kesr; and مَتَاعٌ مُقَارَبٌ, with fet-ḥ, means a commodity, or the like, that is not precious.

A short man: because his extremities are near together.