فقه

Form 1 · Form 2 · Form 3 · Form 4 · Form 5 · 9 entries · Qur'ānic frequency 20

Form 1فَقِهَ3 senses · 1 main

muḍāriʿـَيَفْعَلُmaṣdarفِقْهٌ

Core sense — he understood, he had knowledge, especially knowledge of the lawgenerated

1.1he had, or possessed, understanding, knowledge, and intelligence—فَقُهَ

. The verb is like عَلِمَ and the maṣdar like عِلْمٌ in measure and in meaning; or the maṣdar is فَقَهٌ.

What he possessed is termed فِقْهٌ: understanding, knowledge, intelligence, and especially knowledge of the law.

Or both verbs mean the same as عَلِمَ or فَقُهَ, whose maṣdar is فَقَاهَةٌ.

he had, or possessed, knowledge of the law—فِقْهٌ

The law here is عِلْم الشَّرِيعَة.

Or this verb means that he possessed فِقْةٌ as a faculty firmly rooted in his mind.

According to IB, it is the same as تَفَقَّهَ [as intransitive]; and he was, or became, [a فَقِيه, or] equal to the فُقَهآء. See علم, in art. علم.

such a one will not understand nor comprehend—فُلَانٌ لَا يَنْقَهُ

The two verbs are exactly the same in meaning.

how is your understanding of what we have made you witness?—كَيْفَ فَقَاهَتُكَ لِمَا أَشْهَدْ نَاكَ

This is said to a witness, and to no one else; but according to Z, it is said to others than the witness.

1.1.1he understood it, namely a meaning, or a thing explained to him—فَقِهَهُ

تفقّههُ has the same meaning.

1.1.2

See also form 3.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1 3 shown of 19

9:87

رَضُوا۟ بِأَن يَكُونُوا۟ مَعَ ٱلْخَوَالِفِ وَطُبِعَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ

They prefer to be with (the women), who remain behind (at home): their hearts are sealed and so they understand not.

20:28

يَفْقَهُوا۟ قَوْلِى

"So they may understand what I say:

63:3

ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ءَامَنُوا۟ ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا۟ فَطُبِعَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ

That is because they believed, then they rejected Faith: So a seal was set on their hearts: therefore they understand not.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

, aor. فَقَهَ , (S, Msb, K, &c.,) inf. n. فِقْهٌ , the verb being like عَلِمَ and the inf. n. like عِلْمٌ , in measure and in meaning, (TA,) or فَقَهٌ ; (JK; [and the same seems to be implied in the Msb and the K;]) and فَقُهَ ; (Msb, K;) He had, or possessed, what is termed فِقْهٌ , meaning understanding, (S, K,) and knowledge, and intelligence, and especially knowledge of the law ( عِلْمُ الدِّينِ ): (K:) or both are syn. with عَلِمَ : (Msb, TA:) or فَقُهَ , of which the inf. n. is فَقَاهَةٌ , (S, TA,) or فِقْهٌ , (JK,) signifies [peculiarly] he had, or possessed, knowledge of the law ( عِلْم الشَّرِيعَة ): (S:) or this latter verb signifies he had, or possessed, what is termed فِقْةٌ as a faculty firmly rooted in his mind: (Msb, TA:) or, accord. to IB, i. q. تَفَقَّهَ [q. v., as intrans.]: and he was, or became, [a فَقِيه , q. v., or] equal to the فُقَهآء . (TA in art. علم : see علم .) One says, فُلَانٌ لَا يَنْقَهُ [which may be rendered Such a one will not understand nor comprehend: but the two verbs are exactly syn.]. (S.) And to the witness one says, كَيْفَ فَقَاهَتُكَ لِمَا أَشْهَدْ نَاكَ [app. meaning How is thy understanding of (or how understandest thou) what we have made thee to witness?]: it is not said to any other than the witness: (K, TA:) thus in the M: (TA:) or, accord. to Z, it is said to other than the witness. (K, * TA.) And فَقِهَهُ , (Mgh, K,) aor. فَقَهَ , inf. n. فِقْهٌ , (K,) He understood it, (Mgh, K,) namely, a meaning, (Mgh,) or a thing that one explained to him; (TA;) as also تفقّههُ . (K.) See also 3.

Form 2فقّههُ1 sense

maṣdarتَفْقِيهٌ

Core sense — he taught him, he made him understandgenerated

2.1he taught him, or made him understand—افقههُ

. Said of God: he made him know or understand, or he taught him.

O God, teach him the science of the law, and instruct him in interpretation and its meaning—اَللّٰهُمَّ عَلِّمْهُ الدِّينَ وَفَقِّهْهُ فِى التَّأْوِيلِ

From a tradition; here الدين seems to mean the science of the law, and تأويل interpretation and the like.

I made you understand, or I taught you, the thing—أَفْقَهْتُكَ الشَّىْءَ

I explained to him the learning of the law—أَفْقَنْتُهُ

الفِقْه here means the science of the law.

Show Lane's original text

, (S, K,) inf. n. تَفْقِيهٌ , (K,) He (God) made him to know or have knowledge [or to understand, or instructed him], or taught him; (S, * K, TA;) and (K) so افقههُ , (Msb, K,) or he made him to understand. (S, Mgh.) It is said in a trad., اَللّٰهُمَّ عَلِّمْهُ الدِّينَ وَفَقِّهْهُ فِى التَّأْوِيلِ i. e. O God, teach him الدين [app. here meaning the science of the law] and [instruct him in] the تأويل [or interpretation, &c.,] and the meaning thereof. (TA.) And you say, أَفْقَهْتُكَ الشَّىْءَ I made thee to understand, (S, Msb, *) or I taught thee, (Msb,) the thing. (S, Msb.) And أَفْقَنْتُهُ I explained to him the learning of الفِقْه [meaning the science of the law]. (T, TA.)

Form 3فاقههُ1 sense

maṣdarفَقْهٌ

Core sense — he disputed with him in science and overcame himgenerated

3.1he searched into matters of science with him, disputing with him, and overcame him in it—فَفَقَهَهُ

Show Lane's original text

He searched with him into [matters of] science, disputing with him, (S, K,) فَفَقَهَهُ , aor. فَقُهَ , [inf. n. فَقْهٌ ,] and he overcame him therein. (K.)

Form 4أَفْقَهَ1 sense

Core sense — he taught him, he made him understandgenerated

4.1

See form 2, in three places.

Show Lane's original text

see 2, in three places.

Form 5تفقّه1 sense

Core sense — he learned knowledge, especially the science of the lawgenerated

5.1he became, or made himself, learned, or thoroughly learned, in science—تفقّه فِى العِلْمِ

He learned knowledge, or science; and particularly he learned الفِقْه [the science of the law]; or he applied himself to acquiring الفِقْه [meaning the same]. So in the M, under سَوَّدَ.

Like تَعَلَّمَ.

that they may take pains to gain understanding in religion—لِيَتَفَقَّهُوا فِى الدِّينِ

In the Qur'ān 9:123: that they may task themselves to obtain understanding in الدّيَنْ [the law, or religion in general], taking on themselves the difficulties of acquiring it.

on this sense See also form 1, in two places; in the second of these it is mentioned as transitive.

Qur’ān 9:122 matched to Lane’s own quotation of it Lane cites “Kur ix. 123”

Qur’ān 9:122 Lane quotes this verse

وَمَا كَانَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ لِيَنفِرُوا۟ كَآفَّةً ۚ فَلَوْلَا نَفَرَ مِن كُلِّ فِرْقَةٍ مِّنْهُمْ طَآئِفَةٌ لِّيَتَفَقَّهُوا۟ فِى ٱلدِّينِ وَلِيُنذِرُوا۟ قَوْمَهُمْ إِذَا رَجَعُوٓا۟ إِلَيْهِمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَحْذَرُونَ

Nor should the Believers all go forth together: if a contingent from every expedition remained behind, they could devote themselves to studies in religion, and admonish the people when they return to them,- that thus they (may learn) to guard themselves (against evil).Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 5

9:122

Show Lane's original text

He learned knowledge, or science: (M voce سَوَّدَ :) [and particularly] he learned الفِقْه [meaning the science of the law]: (JK:) or he took, or applied himself, to the acquisition of الفِقْه [meaning thus]. (S, TA.) And تفقّه فِى العِلْمِ is like تَعَلَّمَ [meaning He became, or made himself, learned, or thoroughly learned, in science]. (Msb.) لِيَتَفَقَّهُوا فِى الدِّينِ , in the Kur ix. 123, means That they may task themselves to obtain understanding in الدّيَنْ [i. e. the law, or religion in general], imposing upon themselves the difficulties attendant on the acquisition thereof. (Ksh, Bd.) See also 1, in two places; in the latter of which it is mentioned as transitive.

Derived nouns 4

Nounفِقْهٌ1 sense

Core sense — understanding, knowledge; especially the science of the lawgenerated

1the science of lexicology—فِقْهُ اللُّغَةِ

a particular science: the science of the law, jurisprudence—الفِقْهُ

As a simple noun: understanding of a thing; knowledge of it; intelligence. According to IF, any knowledge of a thing is called by this name.

The title of a work written by him, and of another work by Eth-Thaʿālibee.

So used by the lawyers and others; it means particularly, or predominantly, the science of the law, the same as عِلْمُ الشَّرِيعَةِ or عِلْمُ الدِّينِ [which is the same as علم الشريعة], because it stands above the other kinds of science; and more particularly, the science of the فُرُوع [or derivative institutes] of the law.

Show Lane's original text

[as a simple subst.] signifies Understanding (S, Msb, K) of a thing; (Msb, K;) and knowledge thereof; (Msb, K;) and intelligence: (K:) accord. to IF, any knowledge of a thing is thus termed: (Msb:) [hence فِقْهُ اللُّغَةِ The science of lexicology is the title of a work written by him; and of another work, by Eth-Tha'álibee:] and, as used by the lawyers [and others], الفِقْهُ denotes a particular science; (Msb;) it signifies particularly, (S, TA,) or predominantly, (K, TA,) The science of the law; [jurisprudence;] (S, K, TA;) syn. عِلْمُ الشَّرِيعَةِ , (S, TA,) or عِلْمُ الدِّينِ , [which is the same as علم الشريعة ,] because of its preëminence (K, TA) above the other kinds of science: (TA:) and more particularly, the science of the فُرُوع [or derivative institutes] of the law. (TA.)

Nounفَقُهٌ1 sense

Core sense — possessing knowledge, especially knowledge of the lawgenerated

This word, and its feminine formed with ة: see the next entry.

Show Lane's original text

; and its fem., with ة : see the next paragraph.

Nounفَقِيهٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — one possessing knowledge, especially of the law; a lawyergenerated

1the man of knowledge of the Arabs—فَفِيهُ العَرَبِ

Any one possessing knowledge of a thing.

That is, the عَالِم [or man of knowledge] of the Arabs.

It was an appellation given to El-Hārith Ibn-Keledeh, who was also called طَبِيبُ العَرَبِ [as is said in art. ازم], because the two appellations mean the same. But IKh and El-Ḥareeree do not mean by فقيها لعرب any particular person, as stated at the close of the 39th نوع.

1.1one possessing knowledge of the law; a lawyer—فَقِيهٌ

This is the particular and predominant use of the word.

فَقُهٌ has the same meaning; feminine فَقِيهَةٌ and فَقُهَةٌ; plural [of فَقِيهٌ] فُقَهَآءُ, and [of فَفِيهَةٌ] فَقَائِهُ and فُقَهَآءُ, the last of these plurals mentioned by Lh, and irregular as applied to women.

ISd says: in my opinion, the Arab who says فُقَهَآء [in speaking of women] takes no account of the feminine ة; it is like فُقَرَآءُ applied to women.

In Egypt the appellation فِقِى, a vulgar corruption of فَقِيه, is now applied to a schoolmaster, and to a person who recites the Qur'ān and the like for hire.

1.2a stallion camel expert in covering, that knows well the she-camels lusting and the pregnant—فَحْلٌ فَقِيهٌ

Show Lane's original text

Any one possessing knowledge of a thing. (TA.) فَفِيهُ العَرَبِ signifies The عَالِم [or man of knowledge] of the Arabs; (TA;) and was an appellation given to El-Hárith Ibn-Keledeh ( الحٰرِثُ بْنُ كَلَدَةَ ), who was also called طَبِيبُ العَرَبِ [as is said in the S in art. ازم ], because this appellation is syn. with the former; but IKh and El- Hareeree do not mean by فقيها لعرب any particular person. (Mz, close of the 39th نوع .) [Particularly and predominantly,] فَقِيهٌ signifies One possessing knowledge of the law; [a lawyer;] (S, K;) as also فَقُهٌ ; (Msb, K;) fem. فَقِيهَةٌ and فَقُهَةٌ : pl. [of فَقِيهٌ ] فُقَهَآءُ ; and [of فَفِيهَةٌ ] فَقَائِهُ and فُقَهَآءُ ; (K;) the last of these pls. mentioned by Lh, and anomalous, as applied to women: ISd says, “ in my opinion, he, of the Arabs, who says فُقَهَآء [in speaking of women] takes no account of the fem. ة : it is like فُقَرَآءُ applied to women. ” (TA.) [In Egypt, the appellation فِقِى , a vulgar corruption of فَقِيه , is now applied to A schoolmaster; and to a person who recites the Kur-án &c. for hire.] فَحْلٌ فَقِيهٌ means A stallion [camel] expert in covering, (K, TA,) that knows well the she-camels that are lusting, and the pregnant. (TA.)

Nounالمُسْتَفْقِهَةُ1 sense

Core sense — the wailing woman's female companion, who responds to hergenerated

The female companion of the wailing woman, who responds to her in what she says; so called because she quickly catches and retains, and understands, what the wailing woman says, and replies to it.

[As though it signified "she who seeks, or desires, to understand."]

It is said in a tradition that each of these two women is cursed by God.

Show Lane's original text

The female companion of the wailing woman, who responds to her (K, TA) in what she says; because she catches and retains quickly, and understands, what she [the former] says, and to reply to it: [as though it signified “ she who seeks, or desires, to understand: ”] it is said in a trad. that each of these persons is cursed by God. (TA.)