muḍāriʿـِيَفْعِلُ·ـُيَفْعُلُmaṣdarفَصْلٌ فِصَالٌ فُصُولٌ
Core sense — he separated a thing; he weaned a child; he decided a dispute; he went forthgenerated
1.1he separated, or divided, and put apart, a thing [from another thing]—عَنْ غَيْرِهِ
.
See art. ميز.
he separated part of it from part—بَعْضَهُ مِنْ بَعْضٍ
Also expressed as عَنْ بَعْضٍ, i. e. part of it from part.
he made a separation, or partition, between two things—بَيْنَهُمَا
Er-Rāghib: the separation makes it known that the first of the two had come to an end.
the limit, or boundary, made a separation between the two lands—فَصَلَ الحَدُّ بَيْنَ الأَرْضَيْنِ
Muḍāriʿ and maṣdar as above.
I made a division, or separation, among the people—فَصَلْتُ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ
1.1.1he weaned [the suckling from his mother]—فَصَلَ الرّضِيعَ عَنْ أُمِّهِ
Also المَوْلُودَ and عَنِ الرَّضَاعِ.
Muḍāriʿ as above, the first of these being a simple noun, or both are.
the woman weaned her suckling—افتصلهُ
Also فَصَلَتِ المَرْأَةُ رَضِيعَهَا, and فِصَالٌ is the noun.
1.1.2the deciding of litigations, altercations, or disputes—فَصْلُ الخُصُومَاتِ
From فَصَلَ, in the sense first explained above.
Like فَصْلُ الخِطَابِ; or that word means clear speech, which the one addressed clearly understands and which is not confused or doubtful to him: or such as decides between what is true and what is false, and what is sound and what is corrupt, and what is correct and what is erroneous. So in the Qur'ān 38:19.
Er-Rāghib: such as decides the judgment, or judicial sentence.
Or the evidence, or proof, that is required of the claimant, and the oath that is required of the one against whom the claim is made; so according to ʿAlee.
Or the use of the phrase أَمَّا بَعْدُ. For this phrase, and for other explanations, see form 3 in art. خطب.
the sentence of God's deciding between mankind on the day of resurrection—كَلِمَةُ الفَصْلِ
In the Qur'ān 42:20. That day is called يَوْمُ الفَصْلِ.
the deciding judicially between what is true and what is false—الفَصْلُ
Sometimes الفَيْصَلُ has this meaning too; or that word is a simple noun, a name for such a decision, and it is also used as an adjective, explained below.
[this is the day of requital:] this is the day on which a decision, or a distinction, shall be made—هٰذَا يَوْمُ ٱلدِّينِ هٰذَا يَوْمُ ٱلْفَصْلِ
In the Qur'ān 37:20 and 21. That is, يُفْصَلُ فِيهِ between the doer of good and the doer of evil, and everyone shall be requited for his work and with what God will favour His servant the Muslim with.
[your Lord] He shall decide [between them], and distinguish what is true from what is false—إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَامَةِ فِيمَا كَانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ
he decided the judicial sentence—فَصَلَ الحُكْمَ
In the Qur'ān 32:25; on the day of resurrection, by distinguishing the speaker of what is true from the speaker of what is false, in the matters of religion over which they used to disagree.
فَصَلَ النَّظْمَ is a mistake; see form 2.
Qur’ān 38:20 approximate — somewhere between 38:6 and 38:32 Lane cites “Kur xxxviii. 19”
Qur’ān 42:21 approximate — somewhere between 42:20 and 42:53 Lane cites “Kur xlii. 20”
Qur’ān 37:20 approximate — somewhere between 37:12 and 37:107 Lane cites “Kur xxxvii. 20”
Qur’ān 32:25 matched to Lane’s own quotation of it Lane cites “Kur xxxii. 25”
Qur’ān 38:20 the verse Lane’s citation points to, and it uses this root
وَشَدَدْنَا مُلْكَهُۥ وَءَاتَيْنَـٰهُ ٱلْحِكْمَةَ وَفَصْلَ ٱلْخِطَابِWe strengthened his kingdom, and gave him wisdom and sound judgment in speech and decision.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)
1.2he went forth [from the town or country]—فَصَلَ مِنَ النَّاحِيَةِ
Also مِنْ البَلَدِ and عَنْ بَلَدِكَذَا.
.
the army went forth from the town or country—فَصَلَ العَسْكَرُ عَنِ البَلَدِ
Hence the saying of the Prophet about Ibn-Rawāḥah, كَانَ أَوَّلَنَا فُصُولًا وَآخِرُنَاقُفُولًا: he was the first of us to go away from his house and his family and the last of us to return to them.
such a one went forth [from my presence]—فَصَلَ فُلَانٌ مِنْ عِنْدِى
.
a letter passed from me to him—فَصَلَ مِنِّى كِتَابُ إِلَيْهِ
So the verb is intransitive as well as transitive; its maṣdar when transitive is فَصْلٌ, and when intransitive فُصُولٌ.
1.2.1the vine put forth small grapes, like lentils or a similar grain—فَصَلَ الكَرْمُ
Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1
2:249
فَلَمَّا فَصَلَ طَالُوتُ بِٱلْجُنُودِ قَالَ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ مُبْتَلِيكُم بِنَهَرٍ فَمَن شَرِبَ مِنْهُ فَلَيْسَ مِنِّى وَمَن لَّمْ يَطْعَمْهُ فَإِنَّهُۥ مِنِّىٓ إِلَّا مَنِ ٱغْتَرَفَ غُرْفَةًۢ بِيَدِهِۦ ۚ فَشَرِبُوا۟ مِنْهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِّنْهُمْ ۚ فَلَمَّا جَاوَزَهُۥ هُوَ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ مَعَهُۥ قَالُوا۟ لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا ٱلْيَوْمَ بِجَالُوتَ وَجُنُودِهِۦ ۚ قَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُم مُّلَـٰقُوا۟ ٱللَّهِ كَم مِّن فِئَةٍ قَلِيلَةٍ غَلَبَتْ فِئَةً كَثِيرَةًۢ بِإِذْنِ ٱللَّهِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ مَعَ ٱلصَّـٰبِرِينَWhen Talut set forth with the armies, he said: "Allah will test you at the stream: if any drinks of its water, He goes not with my army: Only those who taste not of it go with me: A mere sip out of the hand is excused." but they all drank of it, except a few. When they crossed the river,- He and the faithful ones with him,- they said: "This day We cannot cope with Goliath and his forces." but those who were convinced that they must meet Allah, said: "How oft, by Allah's will, Hath a small force vanquished a big one? Allah is with those who steadfastly persevere."
12:94
وَلَمَّا فَصَلَتِ ٱلْعِيرُ قَالَ أَبُوهُمْ إِنِّى لَأَجِدُ رِيحَ يُوسُفَ ۖ لَوْلَآ أَن تُفَنِّدُونِWhen the caravan left (Egypt), their father said: "I do indeed scent the presence of Joseph: Nay, think me not a dotard."
22:17
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَٱلَّذِينَ هَادُوا۟ وَٱلصَّـٰبِـِٔينَ وَٱلنَّصَـٰرَىٰ وَٱلْمَجُوسَ وَٱلَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوٓا۟ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌThose who believe (in the Qur'an), those who follow the Jewish (scriptures), and the Sabians, Christians, Magians, and Polytheists,- Allah will judge between them on the Day of Judgment: for Allah is witness of all things.
32:25
إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ فِيمَا كَانُوا۟ فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَVerily thy Lord will judge between them on the Day of Judgment, in the matters wherein they differ (among themselves)
60:3
لَن تَنفَعَكُمْ أَرْحَامُكُمْ وَلَآ أَوْلَـٰدُكُمْ ۚ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَكُمْ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌOf no profit to you will be your relatives and your children on the Day of Judgment: He will judge between you: for Allah sees well all that ye do.
Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.
Show Lane's original text
, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) aor. فَصِلَ , inf. n. فَصْلٌ , (M, Msb, K,) He separated, or divided, (S, O, Msb, K,) and put apart, (Msb,) a thing, (S, O, Msb, *) عَنْ غَيْرِهِ [from another thing], (Msb,) and بَعْضَهُ مِنْ بَعْضٍ [or عَنْ بَعْضٍ i. e. part thereof from part]. (M and TA in art. ميز .) And (K,) He made a separation, or partition, (M, K, TA,) بَيْنَهُمَا (M, TA *) i. e. between them two, meaning, two things, making it known that the former had come to an end: so says Er-Rághib: (TA:) and فَصَلَ الحَدُّ بَيْنَ الأَرْضَيْنِ , [aor. and] inf. n. as above, The limit, or boundary, made, or formed, a separation between the two lands: (Msb:) and فَصَلْتُ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ I made a division, or separation, between, or among, the people, or party. (O.) [Hence,] فَصَلَ الرّضِيعَ عَنْ أُمِّهِ , (S, Mgh, O,) or المَوْلُودَ (M, K) عَنِ الرَّضَاعِ , (M,) aor. as above, (M, K,) inf. n. فِصَالٌ , (S, O,) or فَصْلٌ , and the former is a simple subst., (M, K,) or both, (Mgh,) He weaned [the suckling from his mother, or the young infant from sucking the breast]; (S, M, Mgh, O, K;) as also افتصلهُ : (S, M, O:) or فَصَلَتِ المَرْأَةُ رَضِيعَهَا , inf. n. فَصْلٌ , and فِصَالٌ is the subst., the woman weaned her suckling. (Msb.) Hence also, i. e. from فَصَلَ as first expl. above, فَصْلُ الخُصُومَاتِ The deciding of litigations, altercations, or disputes: like فَصْلُ الخِطَابِ : (Msb:) or this latter means distinct, or plain speech; which he to whom it is addressed distinctly, or plainly, understands; which is not confused, or dubious, to him: (Ksh in explanation of it in the Kur xxxviii. 19, and Mgh:) or such as decides, or distinguishes, between what is true and what is false, (Ksh ibid., Mgh, O, K,) and what is sound and what is corrupt, (Ksh, Mgh,) and what is correct and what is erroneous: (Ksh:) or such as decides the judgment, or judicial sentence: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or the evidence, or proof, that is obligatory [as a condition of his justification] upon the claimant, or plaintiff, and the oath that is obligatory [in like manner] upon him against whom the claim, or plaint, is urged; (Ksh, O, K; [an explanation of which a part is dropped in the CK;]) thus accord. to 'Alee: (Ksh:) or the [using of the] phrase أَمَّا بَعْدُ . (Ksh, O, K. [Respecting this phrase, and for other explanations, see 3 in art خطب .]) كَلِمَةُ الفَصْلِ in the Kur xlii. 20 means The sentence of God's deciding between mankind on the day of resurrection, (O,) which is called يَوْمُ الفَصْلِ . (TA.) And الفَصْلُ [alone] means The deciding judicially between what is true and what is false; (M, O, K;) and, (O, K,) sometimes, (O,) so الفَيْصَلُ ; (S, O, K;) or this latter is [a simple subst, i. e.,] a name for such decision; (TA;) and is also an epithet [expl. below]. (M, O, K.) هٰذَا يَوْمُ ٱلدِّينِ هٰذَا يَوْمُ ٱلْفَصْلِ , in the Kur xxxvii. 20 and 21, means [This is the day of requital:] this is the day wherein a decision, or a distinction, shall be made ( يُفْصَلُ فِيهِ ) between the doer of good and the doer of evil, and every one shall be requited for his work and with that wherewith God will favour his servant the Muslim. (M.) And إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَامَةِ فِيمَا كَانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ , in the Kur xxxii. 25, means [Verily thy Lord] He shall decide [between them], and distinguish what is true from what is false, [on the day of resurrection,] by distinguishing the speaker of what is true from the speaker of what is false, in respect of that wherein they used to disagree, of what concerned religion. (Bd.) And one says also فَصَلَ الحُكْمَ [He decided the judgment, or judicial sentence]. (M.) فَصَلَ النَّظْمَ , in the K, is a mistake: see 2. (TA.) فَصَلَ مِنَ النَّاحِيَةِ , (S, O,) or مِنْ البَلَدِ (K,) or عَنْ بَلَدِكَذَا , aor. فَصُلَ , (M,) inf. n. فُصُولٌ , (M, K,) He went forth [from the part of the country, or from the town or country, or from such a town or country]. (S, O, K.) And فَصَلَ العَسْكَرُ عَنِ البَلَدِ [The army went forth from the town or country]: whence the saying of the Prophet respecting Ibn-Rawáhah, كَانَ أَوَّلَنَا فُصُولًا وَآخِرُنَاقُفُولًا i. e. He was the first of us in going away ( اِنْفِصَالًا ) from his house and his family and the last of us in returning to [it and] them. (Mgh.) And فَصَلَ فُلَانٌ مِنْ عِنْدِى , inf. n. فُصُولٌ , Such a one went forth [from my presence or vicinage, or from me]. (TA.) And فَصَلَ مِنِّى كِتَابُ إِلَيْهِ [A letter] passed from me to him. (TA.) Thus the verb is intrans, as well as trans.; its inf. n. when it is trans, being فَصْلٌ ; when intrans., فُصُولٌ . (TA.) And فَصَلَ الكَرْمُ The vine put forth small grapes, resembling lentils or a grain similar thereto. (M, K.)