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فسق

Form 1 · Form 2 · Form 7  ·  12 entries  ·  Qur'ānic frequency 54

Form 1فَسَقَ4 senses · 1 main
muḍāriʿـُيَفْعُلُ·ـِيَفْعِلُmaṣdarفِسْقٌ

Core sense — it came out of its covering; he left the right way, he disobeyedgenerated

1.1the fresh ripe date came out of its skin—فَسَقَتِ الرُّطَبَةُ

Said primarily to mean: it (a thing) went out from another thing in a bad, or corrupt, manner.

Also said as فَسَقَتِ الرُّطَبَةُ عَنْ قِشْرِهَا and انفسقت.

it came out of its covering—فَسَقَ

Said of anything. Es-Sarakustee says this.

1.1.1he left the right way, the way of truth, and the limits of the law and of obedience; he disobeyed—فَسَقَ

Muḍāriʿ فَسُقَ and فَسِقَ, the latter mentioned by Akh; maṣdar فُسُوقٌ and فِسْقٌ, or this last is a simple noun. Likewise فَسُقَ, like كَرُمَ, mentioned by Lh but not known by Ks.

He forsook, or neglected, the command of God; or the same as فَجَرَ: he transgressed, or acted wrongly, sinfully, or immorally.

[See also فِسْقٌ below.]

he departed from the command of his Lord—فَسَقَ عَنْ أَمْرِرَبِّهِ

The verb here is explained by خَرَجَ; or it means he departed from obeying the command of his Lord.

Akh says this phrase is like اِتَّخَمَ عن الطَّعامِ, meaning عَنْ مَأْكَلِهِ or عَنْ أَكْلِهِ الطَّعَامَ; but Th says no such explanation is needed.

Or, according to AO, he declined, or deviated, from obeying the command of his Lord, since فَسَقَ also means he declined, or deviated.

[The ridden camels] turned aside from the right direction of the way—فَسَقَتِ الرِّكَابُ عَنْ قَصْدِ السَّبِيلِ

A Heyth: sometimes فُسُوقٌ may mean believing in a plurality of gods, and it may mean committing sin.

on this sense It is also said to mean calling one another by names of reproach, or saying “O Jew” and “O Christian” after one has become a believer, as in the Qur'ān 49:11.

Qur’ān 49:11 approximate — somewhere between 49:9 and 49:18 Lane cites “Kur xlix. 11”
Qur’ān 49:11 the verse Lane’s citation points to, and it uses this root
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا يَسْخَرْ قَوْمٌ مِّن قَوْمٍ عَسَىٰٓ أَن يَكُونُوا۟ خَيْرًا مِّنْهُمْ وَلَا نِسَآءٌ مِّن نِّسَآءٍ عَسَىٰٓ أَن يَكُنَّ خَيْرًا مِّنْهُنَّ ۖ وَلَا تَلْمِزُوٓا۟ أَنفُسَكُمْ وَلَا تَنَابَزُوا۟ بِٱلْأَلْقَـٰبِ ۖ بِئْسَ ٱلِٱسْمُ ٱلْفُسُوقُ بَعْدَ ٱلْإِيمَـٰنِ ۚ وَمَن لَّمْ يَتُبْ فَأُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّـٰلِمُونَ

O ye who believe! Let not some men among you laugh at others: It may be that the (latter) are better than the (former): Nor let some women laugh at others: It may be that the (latter are better than the (former): Nor defame nor be sarcastic to each other, nor call each other by (offensive) nicknames: Ill-seeming is a name connoting wickedness, (to be used of one) after he has believed: And those who do not desist are (indeed) doing wrong.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

1.1.2he had a wide, or ample, range in respect of worldly things—فَسَقَ فِى الدُّنْيَا

. He made worldly things light and easy for himself, being unrestrained in his management of them and not making them strait for himself. (Ktr)

1.1.3he made away with his property, and spent it—فَسَقَ مَالَهُ
Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1 4 shown of 10
6:49
وَٱلَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا۟ بِـَٔايَـٰتِنَا يَمَسُّهُمُ ٱلْعَذَابُ بِمَا كَانُوا۟ يَفْسُقُونَ

But those who reject our signs,- them shall punishment touch, for that they ceased not from transgressing.

10:33
كَذَٰلِكَ حَقَّتْ كَلِمَتُ رَبِّكَ عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ فَسَقُوٓا۟ أَنَّهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ

Thus is the word of thy Lord proved true against those who rebel: Verily they will not believe.

17:16
وَإِذَآ أَرَدْنَآ أَن نُّهْلِكَ قَرْيَةً أَمَرْنَا مُتْرَفِيهَا فَفَسَقُوا۟ فِيهَا فَحَقَّ عَلَيْهَا ٱلْقَوْلُ فَدَمَّرْنَـٰهَا تَدْمِيرًا

When We decide to destroy a population, We (first) send a definite order to those among them who are given the good things of this life and yet transgress; so that the word is proved true against them: then (it is) We destroy them utterly.

29:34
إِنَّا مُنزِلُونَ عَلَىٰٓ أَهْلِ هَـٰذِهِ ٱلْقَرْيَةِ رِجْزًا مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ بِمَا كَانُوا۟ يَفْسُقُونَ

"For we are going to bring down on the people of this township a Punishment from heaven, because they have been wickedly rebellious."

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
is said to signify primarily It (a thing) went forth, from another thing, in a bad, or corrupt, manner. (Msb.) One says, فَسَقَتِ الرُّطَبَةُ , (S, O, Msb,) or فَسَقَتِ الرُّطَبَةُ عَنْ قِشْرِهَا , (K,) The fresh ripe date came forth from its skin; (S, O, Msb, K;) as also انفسقت : (IDrd, O, K:) and in like manner فَسَقَ is said of anything as meaning it came forth from its integument: so says EsSarakustee. (Msb.) [Hence] فَسَقَ , aor. فَسُقَ and فَسِقَ , (S, O, Msb, K) the latter aor. mentioned by Akh, (S, O, Msb,) inf. n. فُسُوقٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and فِسْقٌ , (S, O, K,) or this latter is a simple subst.; (Msb;) and likewise فَسُقَ , like كَرُمَ , (K, TA,) mentioned by Lh, but not known by Ks; (TA;) He went forth from, departed from, or quitted, (Mgh, Msb, K,) the right way, (Mgh, K,) or the way of truth, (K,) and the limits of the law, (Mgh,) [or the bounds of] obedience; (Msb;) he forsook, relinquished, or neglected, the command of God; he disobeyed; (K;) or i. q. فَجَرَ [meaning as above; or he transgressed; or acted unrighteously, sinfully, wickedly, vitiously, or immorally]. (S, O, K. [See also فِسْقٌ below.]) فَسَقَ عَنْ أَمْرِرَبِّهِ (in the Kur [xviii. 48], O, TA) means He departed ( خَرَجَ ) from the command of his Lord: (Th, S, O, K:) or from the obeying [of the command] of his Lord: (Fr, O, TA:) and Akh says that this phrase is like اِتَّخَمَ عن الطَّعامِ , (S, O,) meaning عَنْ مَأْكَلِهِ , (S,) or عَنْ أَكْلِهِ الطَّعَامَ ; but Th says that there is no need of this [explanation]: or, accord. to AO, it means he declined, or deviated, from obeying the command of his Lord: (O:) for فَسَقَ signifies also he declined, or deviated: (K:) and hence the saying, فَسَقَتِ الرِّكَابُ عَنْ قَصْدِ السَّبِيلِ i. e. [The ridden camels] declined [from the right direction of the way]. (TA.) Sometimes فُسُوقٌ may mean The believing in a plurality of gods: and it may mean the committing sin. (A Heyth, O.) And it is said to mean The calling one another by names of reproach: (Zj, * Mgh, TA:) or the saying “ O Jew, ” and “ O Christian, ” after one has become a believer: thus in the Kur xlix. 11. (TA.) One says also, فَسَقَ فِى الدُّنْيَا , inf. n. فِسْقٌ , meaning He had a wide, or an ample, range in respect of worldly things, and made them light and easy to himself, being without restraint in his management of them, not making them strait to him. (Ktr, Sh, TA.) And فَسَقَ مَالَهُ He made away with his property; and disposed of it, or spent it. (TA.)
Form 2تَفْسِيقٌ1 sense
maṣdarتَفْسِيقٌ

Core sense — he pronounced him a transgressor, attributing wrongdoing to himgenerated

2.1he (the judge) pronounced him to be characterized by فِسْق—فسّقهُ

It is the opposite of تَعْدِيلٌ.

. He attributed فِسْق to him.

Show Lane's original text
is the contr. of تَعْدِيلٌ : (O, K, TA:) one says فسّقهُ , (O, TA,) inf. n. تَفْسِيقٌ , (TA,) He (the judge) pronounced him to be characterized by فِسْق [q. v.]: (O, TA:) he attributed to him فِسْق . (TA.)
Form 7إِنْفَسَقَ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — it came out of its covering; he stripped himself of goodgenerated

7.1

See form 1, second sentence.

7.1.1he stripped himself, or was stripped, of good—انفسق مِنَ الخَيْرِ

IDrd: said of the فَاسِق.

Show Lane's original text
see 1, second sentence. [Hence,] انفسق مِنَ الخَيْرِ , said of the فَاسِق , He divested himself, or became divested, of good. IDrd, O.)

Derived nouns 9

Nounفِسْقٌ1 sense

Core sense — a going out from the right way; disobedience, transgressiongenerated

1

A maṣdar, or a simple noun, from فَسَقَ.

Unless it means simply a going out, or a departure, it is said to be a word unknown before Islam, and to have become so much used in its legal sense that, when so used, it is conventionally regarded as proper to that sense.

So used, it means a going out from the right way — said to be the primary meaning — or from the way of truth, or from the truth, or from what is right, as in the phrase وَإِنَّهُ لَفِسْقٌ in the Qur'ān 6:121. In the CK لَفَسِقٌ, a strange mistake.

Or a forsaking, or neglect, of the command of God, and an inclining to disobedience; or disobedience itself; or the same as فُجُورٌ: transgression, or unrighteous, sinful, wicked, or immoral conduct.

El-Isbahánee: it is a more general term than كُفْرٌ, applying to few sins or misdeeds and also to many, but it is commonly known as applying to many.

Málik: in the Qur'ān 6:146 it means such as is slaughtered.

Used as a noun, it sometimes has a plural, فُسُوقٌ.

Qur’ān 6:146 approximate — somewhere between 6:125 and 6:151 Lane cites “Kur vi. 146”
Qur’ān 6:145 located by this root inside the range Lane’s citation allows
قُل لَّآ أَجِدُ فِى مَآ أُوحِىَ إِلَىَّ مُحَرَّمًا عَلَىٰ طَاعِمٍ يَطْعَمُهُۥٓ إِلَّآ أَن يَكُونَ مَيْتَةً أَوْ دَمًا مَّسْفُوحًا أَوْ لَحْمَ خِنزِيرٍ فَإِنَّهُۥ رِجْسٌ أَوْ فِسْقًا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ ٱللَّهِ بِهِۦ ۚ فَمَنِ ٱضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ فَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

Say: "I find not in the message received by me by inspiration any (meat) forbidden to be eaten by one who wishes to eat it, unless it be dead meat, or blood poured forth, or the flesh of swine,- for it is an abomination - or, what is impious, (meat) on which a name has been invoked, other than Allah's". But (even so), if a person is forced by necessity, without wilful disobedience, nor transgressing due limits,- thy Lord is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

Qur’ānic occurrences فِسْق 1 shown of 3
6:121
وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا۟ مِمَّا لَمْ يُذْكَرِ ٱسْمُ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَإِنَّهُۥ لَفِسْقٌ ۗ وَإِنَّ ٱلشَّيَـٰطِينَ لَيُوحُونَ إِلَىٰٓ أَوْلِيَآئِهِمْ لِيُجَـٰدِلُوكُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ أَطَعْتُمُوهُمْ إِنَّكُمْ لَمُشْرِكُونَ

Eat not of (meats) on which Allah's name hath not been pronounced: That would be impiety. But the evil ones ever inspire their friends to contend with you if ye were to obey them, ye would indeed be Pagans.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
is an inf. n., (S, O, K,) or a simple subst., (Msb,) from فَسَقَ [q. v]: (S, O, Msb, K:) unless as signifying [simply] A going forth, or a departure, it is said to be a word unknown before ElIslám, and to have become so much used in its legal acceptation as to be, when so used, conventionally regarded as proper (MF, TA:) [thus used,] it signifies a going forth, or departure, from the right way, (K, TA,) which is said to be the primary meaning, (TA,) or from the way of truth; (K, TA;) or from the truth, or that which is right, as in the phrase وَإِنَّهُ لَفِسْقٌ , (O, K, [in the CK لَفَسِقٌ , a strange mistake,]) in the Kur [vi. 121]; (O;) or a relinquishment, or neglect, of the command of God; (Lth, O, K;) and an inclining to disobedience; (Lth, O;) or also disobedience [itself]; (K;) or i. q. فُجُورٌ [meaning as above; or transgression; or unrighteous, sinful, wicked, vitious, or immoral, conduct]: (O, K:) it is said by El-Isbahánee to be a more general term than كُفْرٌ ; applying to few sins, misdeeds, transgressions, or acts of disobedience, or to little thereof; and also, to many, or much thereof; but is commonly known as applying to the latter: and it is related on the authority of Málik that in the Kur vi. 146 it means such as is slaughtered: (TA:) [being used as a subst.,] it sometimes has a pl., which is فُسُوقٌ . (TA.)
Nounفُسَقٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — one always characterized by transgression and disobediencegenerated

1applied to a man: always characterized by فِسْق—فِسِّيقٌ
1.1O فَاسِق! — that is, يَا أَيُّهَا الفَاسِقُ—يَافُسَقُ

Like يَا خُبَثُ, meaning يَا أَيُّهَا انخَبِيثُ.

فُسَقُ is determinate, as is shown by their saying يَا فُسَقُ الخَبِيثُ, prefixing ال to خبيث.

said to a woman, meaning يَا فَاسِقَةُ—يَا فَسَاقِ

This is like قَطَامِ; [or rather يَا أَيُّهَا الفَاسِقَةُ].

Show Lane's original text
(Lth, O, K) and فِسِّيقٌ , (Lth, S, O, K,) applied to a man, Always characterized by فِسْق . (Lth, S, O, K.) يَافُسَقُ means يَا أَيُّهَا الفَاسِقُ [O thou فَاسِق ]; (S, O, K;) like يَا خُبَثُ , meaning يَا أَيُّهَا انخَبِيثُ ; فُسَقُ being determinate, as is shown by their saying يَا فُسَقُ الخَبِيثُ , thus prefixing ال to خبيث : (S, O:) and to a woman they say يَا فَسَاقِ , like قَطَامِ , (S, O, K,) meaning يَا فَاسِقَةُ (K) [or rather يَا أَيُّهَا الفَاسِقَةُ ].
Nounفَسْقِيَّةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a tank, or basin, of water, often with a fountain in itgenerated

1

With fet-h, and often pronounced فِسْقِيَّة. A post-classical word, arabicized from the Latin “piscina”. The same as مُتَوَضَّأٌ.

[Properly a place, here meaning a tank, or basin, in which the ablution called وُضُوْء is performed: now commonly applied to a basin, or shallow pool, of water in the court of a house, or in a room, generally having a fountain in the centre that throws up water.]

Plural فَسَاقِيُّ.

Show Lane's original text
, with fet-h, [often pronounced فِسْقِيَّة ,] a post-classical word, [arabicized, from the Lat. “ piscina, ”] i. q. مُتَوَضَّأٌ [properly A place, here meaning a tank, or basin, in which the ablution termed وُضُوْء is performed: now commonly applied to a basin, or shallow pool, of water, in the court of a house, or in a room, generally having in the centre a fountain that throws up water:] pl. فَسَاقِيُّ . (TA.)
Nounفَسَاقِ1 sense

Core sense — a woman given to transgression and disobediencegenerated

1

See فُسَقٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see فُسَقٌ
Nounفِسِّيقٌ1 sense

Core sense — one always given to transgression and disobediencegenerated

1

See فُسَقٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see فُسَقٌ
Nounفَاسِقٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — one who goes out from obedience; a transgressor, disobedient to Godgenerated

1

Going out, or departing, from the right way, the way of truth, the limits of the law, and the bounds of obedience; disobedient to God; transgressing, or a transgressor; unrighteous, sinful, wicked, or immoral.

Mostly applied to one who has taken upon himself to observe what the law ordains, and has acknowledged its authority, and has then fallen short of observing all, or some, of its ordinances.

When the person who is fundamentally, or utterly, an unbeliever is called this, it is because he falls short of observing the ordinance that the intellect makes binding on him, and that the natural constitution with which he was created in his mother's womb requires to be conceded; so the believer is contrasted with him in the Qur'ān 32:18.

El-Isbahánee: فَاسِقٌ is a more general term than كَافِرٌ, and ظَالِمٌ is a more general term than فَاسِقٌ.

IDrd: the فَاسِق is so called because he strips himself, or becomes stripped, of good.

The word has not been heard in the speech of the people of the Time of Ignorance, nor in their poetry, though it is an Arabic word, and a chaste one, and the Qur'ān has used it.

The plural is فَسَقَةٌ and فُسَّاقٌ.

فَوَاسِقُ, plural of فَاسِقَةٌ, applied to women, means فَوَاجِرُ [generally meaning adulteresses, or fornicatresses].

Qur’ān 32:19 approximate — somewhere between 32:7 and 32:25 Lane cites “Kur xxxii. 18”
1.1figurative · مجازthe five animals, or living things—الحَيَوَانَاتُ الخَمْسُ

Or because they are outside the pale of inviolability; or, as some say, because eating them is forbidden.

[Specified under حَيَوَانٌ.]

They are figuratively termed فَوَاسِقُ [as though meaning transgressors] because of their much, or frequent, noxiousness and harmfulness, so that they may be killed when one is free from إِحْرَام, in the state of إِحْرَام, and in prayer, which is not made ineffectual by killing them.

Qur’ānic occurrences فَاسِق 2 shown of 37
3:82
فَمَن تَوَلَّىٰ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ فَأُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْفَـٰسِقُونَ

If any turn back after this, they are perverted transgressors.

32:18
أَفَمَن كَانَ مُؤْمِنًا كَمَن كَانَ فَاسِقًا ۚ لَّا يَسْتَوُۥنَ

Is then the man who believes no better than the man who is rebellious and wicked? Not equal are they.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
Going forth, or departing, or one who goes forth, or departs, [from the right way, or the way of truth, and the limits of the law, or] from [the bounds of] obedience; (Msb;) disobedient [to God]; (Mgh, TA;) [transgressing, or a transgressor; unrighteous, sinful, wicked, vitious, or immoral;] mostly applied to one who has taken upon himself to observe what the law ordains, and has acknowledged its authority, and then fallen short of observance in respect of all, or of some, of its ordinances: and when the person fundamentally, or utterly, an unbeliever is thus termed, it is because he falls short of observing the ordinance that the intellect renders obligatory on him and that the natural constitution with which he was created in his mother's womb requires to be conceded; hence the believer is contrasted with him in the Kur xxxii. 18; so فَاسِقٌ is a more general term than كَافِرٌ ; and ظَالِمٌ is a more general term than فَاسِقٌ : (El-Isbahánee, TA:) accord. to IDrd, (O,) the فَاسِق is thus called because of his divesting himself, or becoming divested, of good: (O, K:) the word has not been heard in the speech of the people of the Time of Ignorance, (IAar, S, O, Msb, K,) nor in their poetry, (IAar, S, O, K,) though it is an Arabic word, (IAar, S, O, Msb, K,) and a chaste one, and the Kur-án has used it: (IAar, Msb:) the pl. is فَسَقَةٌ and فُسَّاقٌ : (Msb:) فَوَاسِقُ , [pl. of فَاسِقَةٌ ,] applied to women, signifies فَوَاجِرُ [generally meaning adulteresses, or fornicatresses]. (TA.) The five animals, or living things, ( الحَيَوَانَاتُ الخَمْسُ , [specified voce حَيَوَانٌ ,]) are metaphorically termed فَوَاسِقُ [as though meaning Transgressors] (Mgh, Msb) because of their noxiousness, (Mgh,) or because of their much, or frequent, noxiousness and harmfulness, so that they may be killed in the case of freedom from إِحْرَام and in the state of إِحْرَام , and in prayer, which is not rendered ineffectual thereby: (Msb:) or because of their being out of the pale of inviolability: or, as some [unreasonably] say, because the eating of them is forbidden. (Mgh.)
Nounفَاسِقِيَّةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a certain way of wearing the turbangenerated

1such a one wore the turban in the mode called الفاسقيّة—تَعَمَّمَ فُلَانٌ الفَاسِقيَّةَ

A certain mode of attiring oneself with the turban.

Show Lane's original text
A certain mode of attiring oneself with the turban. (Z, O, K.) One says, تَعَمَّمَ فُلَانٌ الفَاسِقيَّةَ [Such a one attired himself with the turban in the mode termed الفاسقيّة ]. (TA.)
Nounالفُوَيْسِقَةُ1 sense

Core sense — the rat, or mousegenerated

1the rat, or mouse—الفَأْرَةُ

So called because it comes out of its hole upon people; or, according to Z, because it does mischief in houses.

A tradition says that it is to be killed.

The word is the diminutive of فَاسِقَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
The rat, or mouse; syn. الفَأْرَةُ : (S, O, K:) so called because it comes forth from its hole upon people: (O, K:) or, accord. to Z, because it does mischief in houses: and it is said in a trad. that it is to be killed: the word is the dim. of فَاسِقَةٌ . (TA.)
Nounأَفْسَقُ1 sense

Core sense — more, or most, given to transgressiongenerated

1the Arabs say this, meaning الأَفْسَقَ مِنَّا—لَعَنَ ٱللّٰهُ أَفْسَقِى وأَفْسَقَكَ

[More, or most, characterized by فِسْق.]

[That is, may God curse the one of us, or of me and you, more characterized by فِسْق.]

Show Lane's original text
[More, or most, characterized by فِسْق ]. The Arabs say, لَعَنَ ٱللّٰهُ أَفْسَقِى وأَفْسَقَكَ , meaning, الأَفْسَقَ مِنَّا [i. e. May God curse the more characterized by فِسْق , of us, or of me and thee]. (Fr, O.)