فرض

Muḍāriʿ as above, and so the maṣdar.

Synonym أَوْجَبَ; construed with عَلَى إِنْسَانٍ of a man, or عَلَيْنَا of us; also اِفْتَرَضَ.

فَرْضٌ is like إِيجَابٌ, but the latter is so termed with regard to its befalling, and the former with regard to the sentence, or decree, respecting it. [This is said in books on the law, in explanation of the opinion of Aboo-Ḥaneefeh as opposed to that of Esh-Shāfiʿee.] According to Esh-Shāfiʿee the two terms are alike; but according to Aboo-Ḥaneefeh the difference between الوَاجِبُ and الفَرْضُ is like the difference between heaven and earth. This distinction, however, rests on disputed derivations of the two terms; and it is said that wherever the phrase فَرَضَ ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ occurs it means إِيجَابٌ.

He (the apostle of God) instituted, or prescribed, a thing as a statute, an ordinance, or a command or prohibition; synonym سَنَّ, on the authority of IAar alone. According to others, he made it necessarily obligatory or binding; and Az says this is the obvious meaning.

He (a judge) decreed, or adjudged, a thing, as for instance expenses.

He assigned a particular time for doing a thing; or he determined, defined, or limited a thing as to time or otherwise: the being synonymous with تَوْقِيتٌ. (Ibn-ʿArafeh)

Occurring in the Qur'ān 2:193; and Ibn-ʿArafeh explains it in the same way where it occurs in 33:38. But the phrase is also explained as meaning: and whoever makes it obligatory, or binding, on himself to perform the pilgrimage in them, by his entering upon the state of إِحْرَام.

In the Qur'ān, at the beginning of chapter 24.

Or: in which we have bound you to do according to what is made obligatory in it. Or, as some read, وَفَرَّضْنَاهَا, meaning: and in which we have set down obligatory statutes, one after another; or which we have clearly explained; or we have clearly explained what is in it, of lawful and unlawful things.

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Occurring in a tradition; literally لَمْ يَحُزَّهَا and لَمْ يُوءَتِّرْهَا [a mistake for لم يُوءَشِّرْهَا].

A statute, an ordinance, a command or prohibition, of the Apostle of God; synonym سُنَّةٌ.

[But فَرْضٌ is generally distinguished from سُنَّةٌ: the former, for instance, being applied to prayer appointed in the Qur'ān, and the latter to prayer appointed by Moḥammad without allegation of a divine order.]

A gift, or a soldier's stipend or pay, assigned or appointed; synonym عَطَآءٌ or عَطِيَّةٌ. In the copies of the K, مَوْسُومَة is put by mistake for مَرْسُومَة.

Or a thing which one gives liberally, not for a recompense.

And a stick, or piece of wood; synonym عُودٌ. This is its meaning in the verse according to El-Jumaḥee, that is, in the verse quoted above.

He says الفَرْضُ فِى البَيْتِ عُودٌ, which misled the author of the K into explaining الفَرْضُ as meaning عُودٌ مِنْ أَعْوَادِ البَيْتِ.

And an arrow before it has been furnished with feathers and a head: a meaning also heard by El-Jumaḥee.

ʿAbeed El-Abraṣ has likened lightning to this, in the hand of the player, according to the S; but Sgh says, in the TS, that he did not find the verse cited by J in the poetry of ʿAbeed.

And a piece of rag: another explanation heard by El-Jumaḥee.

And a garment, or piece of cloth: a meaning mentioned by As on the authority of one or more of the desert Arabs of Hudheyl. [See also فِرَاضٌ.]

It is said that in the verse quoted above it means the notch in the زَنْد [or rather زَنْدَة, mentioned in the first sentence of this entry].

A gap, or an opening, in a wall and the like: plural فُرَضٌ.

A gap, or breach, in the bank of a river, from which one draws water, or by which one goes down to the water, and by which the ships or boats come up; that is, its مَشْرَعَة. Plural, in this and the senses that follow, فُرَضٌ and فِرَاضٌ.

From a tradition. مَشَارِع is here used in the sense of means of access.

Hence also فِرَاضٌ is used in the sense of ثُغُورٌ [plural of ثَغْرٌ].

Of a sea, or great river: the place where ships unload; synonym مَحَطُّ السُّفُنِ. Or where they are stationed, near the bank of a river, or near the land.

Of a receptacle for ink: the place of the ink.

Of a door: the نَجْرَان [or piece of wood in which is the foot, i.e. on which the foot turns].

Of a mountain: a part sloping down from the middle and side.

And roads, or ways. [In this last sense, apparently — as well as in others shown above — plural of فُرْضَةٌ.]

See also فَرَضِىٌّ.

A noun meaning a thing made obligatory, or binding, on a person or persons, by God; an obligatory statute or ordinance of God, in a general sense: plural as above.

A portion, or share, made obligatory, or binding, on a man; or anything apportioned, or appointed. [And particularly a primarily apportioned inheritance: see an example in the first paragraph of art. عول.]

So called because they are apportioned, or appointed, to their several owners. [That is, the fixed primary portions of inheritances assigned by the Qur'ān: a half, a third, a fourth, a sixth, and an eighth.]

Used with a word left out.

It is said to be called the half of science in view of the division of statutes into those that pertain to the living and those that pertain to the dead; or by way of amplification.

From a tradition, according to the relation commonly followed, with the pronoun feminine, referring to الفرائض; and وَعَلِّمُوهُ فَإِنَّهُ, with the pronoun masculine, referring to عِلْم understood as prefixed to الفرائض.

In a tradition of Ibn-ʿOmar: that respecting which the Muslims have agreed; or that for which the authority is drawn from the Qur'ān and the Sunneh without there being in these any express statute about it; or that which is equitably divided, in agreement with the portions and shares mentioned in the Qur'ān and the Sunneh.

What is made obligatory on the owner to give, of pasturing beasts, [i.e. camels,] in payment of the poor-rate; the camel that is taken in payment of the poor-rate: so called because it is made obligatory to be given, out of a certain number of camels. The ة is added because the word is made a noun, not an adjective. Plural فَرَائِضُ, فَرَائِضُ الإِبِلِ meaning the dues of the poor-rate, of camels.

The فريضة of twenty-five camels is a بِنْت مَخَاض, a she-camel one year old; of thirty-six, a بِنْت لَبُون, a she-camel two years old; of forty-six, a حِقَّة, a she-camel three years old; and of sixty-one, a جَذَعَة, a she-camel four years old.

That is, the جَذَعَة of sheep or goats with the حِقَّة of camels.

According to ISk.

By an extension of its meaning.

See also فَارِضٌ.

Old, aged, or advanced in age, and large or bulky; said of a man. Or large, big, or bulky, said of a man; of a full-grown unripe date; of the bursa faucium of a camel; of a uvula; of a skin for water or milk; and of a beard.

Or, applied to a beard, it is with ة, or with and without ة; and without ة it is applied in the same sense to anything, being masculine and feminine. Plural فُرَّضٌ, applied to men; or, so applied, it means goodly, or handsome. And فَوَارِضُ is applied to dates and the like.

on this sense Also old, or ancient; said of a thing.

And hence the kind of beetle called جُعَل (El-Bāhilee); or the male of the beetles called خَنَافِس.