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غيب

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Form 1غَابَ7 senses · 2 main
maṣdarغَيْبَةٌ غَيْبٌ غِيَابٌ غِيَابَةٌmuḍāriʿيَغِيبُ

Core sense — he, or it, was, or became, absent, hidden, or remote; the sun setgenerated

1.1he, or it, was absent from him; or distant from him; or hidden from him—غاب عَنْهُ

(the most common form), غَيْبٌ, غَيَابٌ or غِيَابٌ, غُيُوبٌ, غُيُوبَةٌ, and غَيْبُوبَةٌ, according to some of the measure فَعْلُولَةٌ, but according to others of the measure فَيْعَلُولَةٌ, that is, originally غَيَّبُوبَةٌ, مَغِيبٌ, مَغَابٌ, and تغيّب.

He, or it, was, or became, absent; غَابَ is the opposite of حَضَرَ. Or distant, or remote; or hidden, concealed, or not apparent; [or absent from the range, or beyond the reach, of perception by sense, or of mental perception: see غَيْبٌ.]

and the other forms given above; also تغيّب.

[The absence of such a one has made me feel lonely]—أَوْحَشَتْنِى غَيْبَةُ فُلَانٍ
[You have made your absence long]—أَطَلْتَ غَيْبَتَكَ
[I am with you: I will not be absent from you]—أَنَا مَعَكُمْ لَا أُغَايِبُكُمْ
[The sons of such a one are present sometimes] and are absent sometimes—بَنُو فُلَانٍ يَشْهَدُونَ أَحْيَانًا وَيَتَغَايَبُونَ أَحْيَانًا

But one does not say يَتَغَيَّبُونَ [unless with عَنْ following it]. It seems, however, that يتغيّبون here is a miscopying for يَتَغَيَّبُونَنَا or the like.

[Such a one was absent from me, or absented himself from me]—تغيّب عَنِّى فُلَانٌ

تَغَيَّبَنِى is also used where the metre of a verse requires it, but in no other case, according to most authorities except the Koofees. Imra-el-Keys says:

shāhid
فَظَلَّ لَنَا يَوْمٌ لَذِيذٌ بِنَعْمَةٍفَقُلْ فِى مَقِيلٍ نَحْسُهُ مُتَغَيِّبِى

[so in my copies; but we should read مُتَغَيِّبِ, whether it means مُتَغَيِّبِى or not, as what follows shows: the verse may be rendered, So a delightful day, with ease and comfort, came to us; and say, of a place of midday sleep from which the ill luck was absent from me,...]

Fr says that the word متغيّب is marfooʿ, [that is, that the right reading is مُتَغَيِّبُ, meaning simply absent,] that the verse is مُكْفَأ [made faulty in the ending], and that it is not allowable to make that word refer to مَقِيلٍ, just as it is not allowable to say مَرَرْتُ بِرَجُلٍ أَبُوهُ قَائِمٍ.

[One might be tempted to suppose that we should read فَقِلْ, but this would not suit the context.]

1.1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredit was, or became, absent—غاب

Said of the mind.

The maṣdar is often used meaning absence of mind, and particularly absence from self and from others through being wholly taken up with the contemplation of divine things: see an example under شَوًى and another under سَكِينَةٌ.

1.1.2figurative · مجاز — inferred[Ibn-Abee-Koháfeh was not a stranger to it, i.e. was not unacquainted with it]—مَا غَابَ عَنْهُ ٱبْنُ أَبِى قُحَافَةَ

Occurs in a tradition about a satirical saying of Hassán against the tribe of Kureysh; the meaning is that Aboo-Bekr, the son of Aboo-Koháfeh, was skilled in genealogies and traditions, and that it was he who instructed Hassán.

1.1.3the man journeyed; and went away, or far away—غاب الرَّجُلُ

Maṣdar غَيْبٌ, مَغِيبٌ, and تغيّب.

1.1.4the sun set—غابت الشَّمْسُ

The like is also said of the moon and of other celestial bodies.

Maṣdar غِيَابٌ, غَيْبُوبَةٌ, غَيْبَةٌ, غُيُوبٌ, غُيُوبَةٌ, مَغِيبٌ, and تغيّبت.

1.1.5[the thing became hidden, or concealed, in the thing]—غاب الشَّىْءُ فِى الشَّىْءِ

Maṣdar غِيَابَةٌ, غُيُوبَةٌ, غِيَابٌ, غَيَابٌ, and غِيبَةٌ.

1.2

See also form 8, in two places.

Show Lane's original text
, (S, O, Mgh, Msb, TA,) aor. يَغِيبُ , (Msb,) inf. n. غَيْبَةٌ [the most common form] (S, O, Mgh, Msb, K) and غَيْبٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and غَيَابٌ , (S, O,) or غِيَابٌ , (Msb, K,) and غُيُوبٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and غُيُوبَةٌ (O, K) and غَيْبُوبَةٌ , (O, K,) accord. to some of the measure فَعْلُولَةٌ , but accord. to others of the measure فَيْعَلُولَةٌ i. e. originally غَيَّبُوبَةٌ , (MF,) and مَغِيبٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and مَغَابٌ ; (K;) and تغيّب ; (Msb, K;) He, or it, was, or became, absent; غَابَ being the contr. of حَضَرَ ; (S and K in art. حضر ;) or distant, or remote; (Mgh;) or hidden, concealed, or unapparent; (TA;) [or absent from the range, or beyond the reach, of perception by sense, or of mental perception: see غَيْبٌ .] You say, غاب عَنْهُ , inf. n. غَيْبَةٌ (S, Mgh, TA) &c., as above, (S, TA,) He, or it, was, or became, [absent from him; or] distant, or remote, from him; (Mgh;) or hidden, or concealed, from him; [&c.;] as also تغيّب . (TA.) And أَوْحَشَتْنِى غَيْبَةُ فُلَانٍ [The absence of such a one has made me to feel lonely]: and أَطَلْتَ غَيْبَتَكَ [Thou hast made thine absence to be long]. (A.) And أَنَا مَعَكُمْ لَا أُغَايِبُكُمْ [I am with you: I will not be absent from you]. (A.) And بَنُو فُلَانٍ يَشْهَدُونَ أَحْيَانًا وَيَتَغَايَبُونَ أَحْيَانًا (ISk, S, TA) i. e. [The sons of such a one are present sometimes] and are absent ( يَغِيبُونَ ) sometimes: but one does not say يَتَغَيَّبُونَ [unless with عَنْ following it]: (TA:) [it seems, however, that يتغيّبون , here, is a mistranscription for يَتَغَيَّبُونَنَا or the like; for] one says, تغيّب عَنِّى فُلَانٌ [Such a one was, or became, absent from me; or absented himself from me]; (S, K, * TA;) and تَغَيَّبَنِى also in a case of necessity in verse, (S, K, TA,) but not in any other case, (K, TA,) accord. to the generality of authorities except the Koofees: (TA:) Imra-el-Keys says, 1 [thus in my copies of the S and in the TA; but we should read مُتَغَيِّبِ , whether it mean مُتَغَيِّبِى or not, as is shown by what follows: the verse may be rendered, So a delightful day, with ease and comfort, betided us: and say thou, of a place of midday-sleep whereof the ill luck was absent from me,. . .]: but Fr says that the word متغيّب is marfooa, [i. e. that the right reading is مُتَغَيِّبُ , meaning simply absent,] that the verse is مُكْفَأ [or made faulty in the termination], and that it is not allowable to make that word refer to مَقِيلٍ , like as it is not allowable to say مَرَرْتُ بِرَجُلٍ أَبُوهُ قَائِمٍ . (S, TA. [One might be tempted to suppose that we should read فَقِلْ ; but this would not suit the context, which see in Ahlwardt's “ Divans of the six ancient Arabic poets, ” p. 119.]) فَظَلَّ لَنَا يَوْمٌ لَذِيذٌ بِنَعْمَةٍ | فَقُلْ فِى مَقِيلٍ نَحْسُهُ مُتَغَيِّبِى [ غاب , inf. n. غَيْبَةٌ , is also said of the mind ( القَلْب ), meaning It was, or became, absent. The inf. n. ( غَيْبَةٌ ) is often used as meaning Absence of mind; and particularly, from self and others by its being exclusively occupied by the contemplation of divine things: see an ex. voce شَوًى ; and another voce سَكِينَةٌ .] مَا غَابَ عَنْهُ ٱبْنُ أَبِى قُحَافَةَ [Ibn-Abee-Koháfeh was not a stranger to it, i. e. was not unacquainted with it,] occurs in a trad. respecting a satirical saying of Hassán against [the tribe of] Kureysh; meaning that Aboo-Bekr [the son of Aboo-Koháfeh] was skilled in genealogies and traditions, and that it was he who instructed Hassán. (TA.) And one says also, غاب الرَّجُلُ , inf. n. غَيْبٌ and مَغِيبٌ ; and تغيّب ; The man journeyed; and went away, or far away. (TA.) And غابت الشَّمْسُ , (S, Mgh, Msb, TA,) inf. n. غِيَابٌ and غَيْبُوبَةٌ (Mgh, Msb, TA) and غَيْبَةٌ (Mgh) and غُيُوبٌ and غُيُوبَةٌ and مَغِيبٌ ; (TA;) and تغيّبت ; (Msb;) The sun set: (S, Msb, TA:) and the like is also said of the moon, (Msb,) and of other celestial bodies. (TA.) And غاب الشَّىْءُ فِى الشَّىْءِ , inf. n. غِيَابَةٌ and غُيُوبَةٌ and غِيَابٌ and غَيَابٌ and غِيبَةٌ , [The thing became hidden, or concealed, in the thing.] (K.) See also 8, in two places.
Form 2غيّبهُ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — he caused him, or it, to become absent; he hid itgenerated

2.1he made him, or it, absent, or made it disappear; or he hid it, from him—عَنْهُ

See also غَيَابٌ.

2.1.1

See also form 8.

Show Lane's original text
(S, Msb, TA) He caused him, or it, to become absent, or to disappear; or he hid, or concealed, it, عَنْهُ from him. (TA.) See also غَيَابٌ . And see 8.
Form 3مُغَايَبَةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — being absent one from the other; speaking of a person in his absencegenerated

3.1

Being absent, and the like, one from the other. See also form 1, first half.

3.1.1he communicated with him in words in his absence, by letter or by messenger—اغابت

Also addressing words to another in his absence, not in his presence, not face to face; the opposite of مُخَاطَبَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
signifies The being absent, &c., one from the other. (KL.) See also 1, former half. Also The addressing words to another [in his absence,] not in his presence, not face to face; (KL;) contr. of مُخَاطَبَةٌ . (S, TA.) [You say, اغابت , inf. n. as above, He held a verbal communication with him in his absence, i. e. by means of a letter or letters, or by a messenger or messengers.]
Form 4اغابت1 sense

Core sense — she had her husband, or one of her family, absent from hergenerated

4.1

She (a woman) had her husband, or one of her family, absent from her.

Show Lane's original text
She (a woman) had her husband, (S, Msb, TA,) or one of her family, (TA,) absent from her. (S, Msb, TA.)
Form 5تَغَيَّبَ2 senses · 1 main
maṣdarتَغَيُّبٌ

Core sense — he was, or became, absent; he absented himselfgenerated

5.1

See form 1, in seven places.

5.1.1the selling of a stray slave, or of one who has been found and whose owner is not known—تَغَيُّبٌ

This maṣdar occurs in a tradition about the contract for the sale of a slave.

Show Lane's original text
see 1, in seven places. The inf. n. تَغَيُّبٌ occurring in a trad. respecting the contract for the sale of a slave means The selling a stray slave, or one who has been found and whose owner is not known. (L, TA.)
Form 6تَغَاْيَبَ1 sense

Core sense — they were absent, one from the othergenerated

6.1

See form 1, first half.

Show Lane's original text
see 1, former half.
Form 8اغتابهُ1 sense

Core sense — he spoke evil of him in his absence, he backbit himgenerated

8.1

He spoke evil of him; or did so in his absence, that is, he backbit him — the latter being clearly the primary meaning; not always, though generally, meaning with truth.

He spoke evil of him in his absence; or said of him, in his absence, what would grieve him if he heard it, with truth. He carped at him behind his back, or in his absence, by saying what would grieve him of what was [reprehensible] in him. Or he spoke of him imputing to him what he disliked, of vices, or faults, with truth; when the charge is false, it is termed بُهْتَانٌ.

Or he attributed, or imputed, to him a vice, or fault, or the like; and mentioned him with the evil that was in him; or said of him what would grieve him. غَابَهُ means the same, and so does غيّبهُ (see the Ksh on 104:1).

That اغتابهُ does not always mean he spoke evil of him, or the like, in his absence appears from several instances, such as the phrases المُغْتَابُ فِى الوَجْهِ and المُغْتَابُونَ بِالحَضْرَةِ. Nor does it always mean he spoke evil of him with truth, for the verb is used in the Ksh and by Bd and Jel on 104:1 with the Prophet as its object.

IAar says that غاب is synonymous with اغتاب and means he mentioned a man with the imputation of good or of evil.

It may also mean he expressed, or signified, an evil opinion of him by making signs with the side of the mouth, or with the eye, or with the head, or otherwise; as is indicated in the articles لمز and همز.

Lane cites “Jel in civ. 1” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given
Qur’ānic occurrences Form 8
49:12
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ٱجْتَنِبُوا۟ كَثِيرًا مِّنَ ٱلظَّنِّ إِنَّ بَعْضَ ٱلظَّنِّ إِثْمٌ ۖ وَلَا تَجَسَّسُوا۟ وَلَا يَغْتَب بَّعْضُكُم بَعْضًا ۚ أَيُحِبُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَن يَأْكُلَ لَحْمَ أَخِيهِ مَيْتًا فَكَرِهْتُمُوهُ ۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ تَوَّابٌ رَّحِيمٌ

O ye who believe! Avoid suspicion as much (as possible): for suspicion in some cases is a sin: And spy not on each other behind their backs. Would any of you like to eat the flesh of his dead brother? Nay, ye would abhor it... But fear Allah: For Allah is Oft-Returning, Most Merciful.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
[He spoke evil of him; or did so in his absence, i. e. backbit him; (the latter being obviously the primary signification;) not always, though generally, meaning with truth:] he spoke evil of him in his absence; (TA;) or said of him, in his absence, what would grieve him (S, TA) if he heard it; (S;) with truth: (S, TA:) he carped at him behind the back, or in absence, by saying what would grieve him, ( تَنَاوَلَهُ بِظَهْرِ الغَيْبِ بِمَا يَسُوؤُهُ ,) of what was [reprehensible] in him: (TA:) or he spoke of him imputing to him what he disliked, of vices, or faults, with truth: (Msb:) when the charge is false, it is termed بُهْتَانٌ : (S, Msb, TA:) or he attributed, or imputed, to him a vice, or fault, or the like; and mentioned him with what was in him of evil; (K, TA;) or said of him what would grieve him: (TA:) and غَابَهُ signifies the same: (K, TA:) [so does غيّبهُ : (see Ksh in civ. 1:) that اغتابهُ does not always signify he spoke evil of him, or the like, in his absence, appears from several instances, such as the phrases المُغْتَابُ فِى الوَجْهِ (K in art. لمز ) and المُغْتَابُونَ بِالحَضْرَةِ (IAar, TA in that art.): nor does it always signify he spoke evil of him, or the like, with truth; for the verb is used in the Ksh and by Bd and Jel in civ. 1 having for its object the Prophet:] IAar says that غاب is syn. with اغتاب , and signifies he mentioned a man with the imputation of good or of evil. (TA.) [It may also mean He expressed, or signified, an evil opinion of him by making signs with the side of the mouth, or with the eye, or with the head, or otherwise; as is indicated in the TA in arts. لمز and همز .]

Derived nouns 14

Nounغَابٌ1 sense

Core sense — a bed of canes or reeds; a thicket of dense treesgenerated

1

See غَابَةٌ, in three places.

Show Lane's original text
: see غَابَةٌ , in three places.
Nounغَيْبٌ6 senses · 2 main

Core sense — whatever is absent or hidden from one; the unseen; a low, depressed placegenerated

1the world of the unseen; the invisible world—عَالَمُ الغَيْبِ

Whatever is absent, or hidden, from one; as though it were a maṣdar used in the sense of the ism fāʿil [in which the meaning of a substantive predominates]; and so غَائِبٌ, which in this sense is a substantive, like كَاهِلٌ, or an ism fāʿil used as a substantive.

Anything that is absent, or hidden, from the eyes; invisible, unseen, or not apparent, whether or not it is perceived in the heart or mind. [Or anything that cannot be perceived; absent from the range, or beyond the reach, of perception by sense, or of mental perception; or not discoverable except by divine revelation; a mystery, or secret, such as an event of the future.]

A thing that has been hidden from people, and which the Prophet has told them of, of the events of the resurrection and of Paradise and of Hell and the like; so in 2:2. Hence Zj explains الغَيْب, in 81:24, as meaning that which has been revealed. Plural غُيُوبٌ.

he spoke of what he did not know—رَجَمَ بِالغَيْبِ

One also says قَذَفَ بِالغَيْبِ.

he said it by guess, without evidence and without proof—قَالَ رَجْمًا بِالغَيْبِ

That is, speaking of what was hidden from him or unknown to him.

Qur’ān 2:3 approximate — somewhere between 2:1 and 2:17 Lane cites “Kur ii. 2”
Qur’ān 81:24 approximate — somewhere between 81:4 and 81:29 Lane cites “Kur lxxxi. 24”
Lane cites “Bd in ii. 2” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given
Qur’ān 2:3 the verse Lane’s citation points to, and it uses this root
ٱلَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱلْغَيْبِ وَيُقِيمُونَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَـٰهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ

Who believe in the Unseen, are steadfast in prayer, and spend out of what We have provided for them;Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

Also doubt, or a doubting; but some disapprove this, some hold it to be figurative, and some pronounce it correct. Plural غِيَابٌ and غُيُوبٌ.

A poet says:

shāhid
أَنْتَ نَبِىٌّ تَعْلَمُ الغِيَابَالَا قَائِلًا إِفْكًا وَلَا مُرْتَابَا

[You are a prophet, knowing doubts, or things doubted; not saying a lie, nor a thing suspected: or, more probably, the meaning is, the things unseen].

1.2[I heard a sound, or voice] from behind a place that I did not see—سَمِعْتُ صَوْتًا مِنْ وَرَآءِ الغَيْبِ

Also a place, in the ground, that hides, or conceals, one; a low, or depressed, place in the ground, or in a tract of land; or any place such that one does not know what is in it; and a place such that one does not know what is behind it. Plural غُيُوبٌ.

Hence the phrase عَنْ ظَهْرِ غَيْبٍ in a verse of Lebeed cited under ظَهْرٌ.

And تَنَاوَلَهُ بِظَهْرِ الغَيْبِ بِمَا يَسُوؤُهُ: see form 8.

[he spoke of it from memory, in the absence of a book or the like]—تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ عَنْ ظَهْرِ غَيْبٍ

Or عَنْ ظَهْرِ الغَيْبِ; as one says in modern Arabic, عَلَى الغَائِب. See also ظَهْرٌ.

1.3the beast drank until it concealed the pits of its kidneys—شَرِبَتِ الدَّابَّةُ حَتَّى وَارَتْ غُيُوبَ كُلَاهَا

Also the خَمْصَة [that is, pit, or depression; in the TA حُفْرَة, which has a similar meaning] that is in the place where the kidney is, and which swells up when the beast becomes big in the belly: so says ISh. Or the خَمْصَة that is next to the kidney. Plural غُيُوبٌ.

That is, هُزُومَهَا.

Lane cites “Bd in ii. 2” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given
1.4

Also fat: the fat of the ثَرْب of a sheep or goat; so called because it is hidden from the eye.

2

See also غَائِبٌ.

Qur’ānic occurrences غَيْب 5 shown of 48
52:41
أَمْ عِندَهُمُ ٱلْغَيْبُ فَهُمْ يَكْتُبُونَ

Or that the Unseen in it their hands, and they write it down?

53:35
أَعِندَهُۥ عِلْمُ ٱلْغَيْبِ فَهُوَ يَرَىٰٓ

What! Has he knowledge of the Unseen so that he can see?

64:18
عَـٰلِمُ ٱلْغَيْبِ وَٱلشَّهَـٰدَةِ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ

Knower of what is open, Exalted in Might, Full of Wisdom.

68:47
أَمْ عِندَهُمُ ٱلْغَيْبُ فَهُمْ يَكْتُبُونَ

Or that the Unseen is in their hands, so that they can write it down?

81:24
وَمَا هُوَ عَلَى ٱلْغَيْبِ بِضَنِينٍ

Neither doth he withhold grudgingly a knowledge of the Unseen.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
Whatever is absent, or hidden, from one; (S, A, Msb, K, TA;) as though it were an inf. n. used in the sense of the act. part. n. [in which the meaning of a subst. is predominant]; (TA;) and so غَائِبٌ , which [in this sense] is a subst., like كَاهِلٌ , (K, TA,) or an act. part. n. used in the sense of a subst.: (MF:) anything that is absent, or hidden, from the eyes; invisible, unseen, or unapparent; whether it be, or be not, perceived in the heart, or mind: (IAar, TA:) [or anything unperceivable; absent from the range, or beyond the reach, of perception by sense, or of mental perception; or undiscoverable unless by means of divine revelation; a mystery, or secret, such as an event of futurity;] a thing that has been hidden from men, and with which the Prophet has acquainted them, of the events of the resurrection and of Paradise and of Hell &c.; thus in the Kur ii. 2; (Zj, TA;) and [hence] Zj explains الغَيْب as meaning, in the Kur lxxxi. 24, that which has been revealed: (TA in art. ضن :) pl. غُيُوبٌ . (Msb.) [See also the Ksh and Bd in ii. 2.] [Hence, عَالَمُ الغَيْبِ The world of the unseen; the invisible world.] And [hence also] one says, رَجَمَ بِالغَيْبِ [and قَذَفَ بِالغَيْبِ (see art. قذف )] He spoke of that which he did not know: (Ham p. 494:) and قَالَ رَجْمًا بِالغَيْبِ He said conjecturally, [or speaking of that which was hidden from him or unknown by him,] without evidence, and without proof. (Msb in art. رجم , q. v.) And Doubt, or a doubting: (K:) but some disapprove this: some regard it as tropical: and some pronounce it correct: (MF, TA:) pl. غِيَابٌ and غُيُوبٌ . (K.) A poet says, 1 [Thou art a prophet, knowing doubts, or things doubted; not saying a lie, nor a thing suspected: or, more probably, the meaning is, the things unseen]. (TA.) أَنْتَ نَبِىٌّ تَعْلَمُ الغِيَابَا | لَا قَائِلًا إِفْكًا وَلَا مُرْتَابَا Also A place, in the ground, that hides, or conceals, one: (TA:) a low, or depressed, place in the ground, or in a tract of land: (S, K, TA:) or any place such that one knows not what is in it: and a place such that one knows not what is behind it: (Sh, TA:) pl. غُيُوبٌ . (TA.) Hence the phrase عَنْ ظَهْرِ غَيْبٍ in a verse of Lebeed cited voce ظَهْرٌ , q. v. (TA.) [Hence also] one says, سَمِعْتُ صَوْتًا مِنْ وَرَآءِ الغَيْبِ i. e. [I heard a sound, or voice,] from [behind] a place that I saw not. (A, TA.) And تَنَاوَلَهُ بِظَهْرِ الغَيْبِ بِمَا يَسُوؤُهُ : see 8. And تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ عَنْ ظَهْرِ غَيْبٍ (A) or عَنْ ظَهْرِ الغَيْبِ (TA, and A and O in art. ظهر ) [app. He spoke of it by memory; in the absence of a book or the like; as one says in modern Arabic, عَلَى الغَائِب . See also ظَهْرٌ .] Also The خَمْصَة [i. e. pit, or depression, as is shown by what here follows, (thus in the A, and in the Ksh in ii. 2, in the TA حُفْرَة , which has a similar meaning,)] that is in the place where the kidney is situate, (Ksh, A, TA,) and which swells up when the beast becomes big in the belly: so says ISh: (Ksh ubi suprà:) or the خَمْصَة that is next to the kidney: (Bd in ii. 2: [De Sacy doubted respecting its meaning, but conjectured that it might be thus: see his Anthol. Gramm. Arabe p. 55:]) pl. غُيُوبٌ : one says, شَرِبَتِ الدَّابَّةُ حَتَّى وَارَتْ غُيُوبَ كُلَاهَا , (ISh, Ksh ubi suprà, A, TA,) meaning هُزُومَهَا [i. e. The beast drank until it concealed the pits of its kidneys]. (A, TA.) And Fat: (K, TA:) i. e. the fat of the ثَرْب [q. v.] of a sheep or goat: so called because it is hidden from the eye. (TA.) See also غَائِبٌ .
Nounغَيَبٌ1 sense

Core sense — a low, or depressed, piece of land or groundgenerated

1

See غَائِبٌ, in two places.

Show Lane's original text
: see غَائِبٌ , in two places.
Nounغَابَةٌ4 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a bed of canes or reeds; a thicket of dense trees; a hollow in the groundgenerated

1

Originally غَيَبَةٌ, of the measure فَعَلَةٌ with fet-ḥ to the ع.

El-Hawázinee: a low, or depressed, place, or a hollow in the ground, before which, or in the way to which, is an eminence.

1.1

Same as أَجَمَةٌ, that is, a bed of canes or reeds; and [a thicket, wood, or forest, like أَجَمَةٌ] a collection of trees set densely together, so called because it conceals what is in it. Or a tall أَجَمَة with high, or very high, extremities [apparently to its canes or reeds]. Plural غَابَاتٌ and, as a collective noun, غَابٌ.

1.2figurative · مجاز[They came to us] amid numerous spears, like abundant and dense trees—أَتَوْنَا فِى غَابَةٍ

Also a long spear that has extremities like those of the أَجَمَة [explained above]. [But I think that this addition applies properly to غَابَةٌ, meaning a number of spears, like a bed of canes or reeds, or like a forest; which agrees with two of the explanations that follow.]

Or a spear that quivers in the wind; or numerous spears, like abundant and dense trees; or an assemblage of spears, apparently so called as being likened to a غابة meaning an أَجَمَة of dense trees. Plural غَابَات and, as a collective noun, غَابٌ.

Or غابة may be used here in the sense that follows.

1.3

Aboo-Jábir El-Asadee: a company, or gathered body, of men. Plural غَابَاتٌ and, as a collective noun, غَابٌ.

Show Lane's original text
is originally [ غَيَبَةٌ ] of the measure فَعَلَةٌ , with fet-h to the ع . (Msb.) It signifies A low, or depressed, place, or a hollow in the ground, (El-Hawázinee, K, TA,) before which, or in the way to which, ( دُونَهَا ,) is an eminence. (El-Hawá- zinee, TA.) And (K) i. q. أَجَمَةٌ : (S, K, TA:) [i. e.] A bed of canes or reeds: (AHn, Msb, TA:) and [a thicket, wood, or forest; like أَجَمَةٌ ;] a collection of trees, (AHn, ISd, TA,) densely disposed; so called because it conceals what is in it: (ISd, TA:) or a tall أَجَمَة , having high, or very high, extremities [app. to its canes or reeds]: (TA:) pl. غَابَاتٌ (Msb, TA) and [coll. gen. n.] غَابٌ . (S, Msb, TA.) And A long spear (K, TA) that has extremities like those of the أَجَمَة [expl. above]: (TA:) [but I think that this addition in the TA correctly applies to غَابَةٌ signifying a number of spears, like a bed of canes or reeds, or like a forest; agreeably with two of the explanations here following:] or a spear that quivers in the wind: (K, TA:) or numerous spears, like abundant and dense trees: (A:) or an assemblage of spears; app. so called as being likened to a غابة meaning an أَجَمَة of dense trees: (ISd, TA:) pl. غَابَات and [coll. gen. n.] غَابٌ . (TA.) One says, أَتَوْنَا فِى غَابَةٍ i. e. [They came to us] amid numerous spears, like abundant and dense trees: (A:) or غابة may be used in this case in the sense here following. (TA.) And A company, or congregated body, of men: (Aboo-Jábir ElAsadee, K, TA:) pl. غَابَاتٌ and [coll. gen. n.] غَابٌ . (TA.)
Nounغَيْبَةٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — absence; a low, or depressed, piece of groundgenerated

1

A maṣdar. See form 1, in several places.

1.1we lighted upon a low, or depressed, piece of ground—وَقَعْنَا فِى غَيْبَةٍ

Also, and غَيَابَةٌ, a low, or depressed, piece of land or ground.

One also says غَيَابَةٍ; or perhaps the meaning may be we fell into a low, or depressed, piece of ground.

1.2

See also غَيَابَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
an inf. n. [See 1, in several places.] Also, and غَيَابَةٌ , A low, or depressed, piece of land or ground: so in the phrases وَقَعْنَا فِى غَيْبَةٍ and غَيَابَةٍ [app. meaning We lighted upon a low, or depressed, piece &c.; or perhaps the meaning may be we fell into &c.]. (S.) See also غَيَابَةٌ .
Nounغِيبَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — evil speech about a person in his absence, backbitinggenerated

1

The substantive from اِغْتَابَهُ.

Evil speech about a person, or such speech in his absence — not always, though generally, meaning with truth: evil speech about a person in his absence, or saying of him, in his absence, what would grieve him if he heard it, with truth.

Or speech about a person imputing to him what he dislikes, of vices, or faults, with truth; when it is false, it is termed بُهْتَانٌ.

Or imputing to a person a vice, or fault, or the like; and mentioning him with the evil that is in him; or saying of him what would grieve him. Or it may be speech imputing either good or evil.

Show Lane's original text
the subst. from اِغْتَابَهُ : (Msb:) it signifies [Evil speech respecting a person; or such speech in his absence; not always, though generally, meaning with truth:] evil speech respecting a person in his absence; (TA;) or a saying of him, in his absence, what would grieve him (S, TA) if he heard it; (S;) with truth: (S, TA:) or speech respecting a person imputing to him what he dislikes, of vices, or faults, with truth: (Msb:) when it is false, it is termed بُهْتَانٌ : (S, Msb, TA:) or an imputing to a person a vice, or fault, or the like; and a mentioning him with what is in him of evil; (K, TA;) or a saying of him what would grieve him: (TA:) or it may be speech imputing good or evil. (K, * TA.)
Nounغَيِبَانٌ1 sense

Core sense — the roots of trees, that are hidden from viewgenerated

1the roots of trees, that are hidden from view—غَيِّبَانٌ

Or غَيْبَانٌ: the copies of the K differ, and the TA does not let us decide with certainty, since it says only, of the ى, that it is مُخَفَّفَة, which may mean either the opposite of doubled or the opposite of vowelled, though the former is the more general meaning. In the TA it is said to be written by mistake in one copy of the K with a final ت instead of ن.

AHn: the غيبان, غيّبان, and غَيَابَة of plants, or herbage, are, with the Arabs, what the sun has not shone upon.

Aboo-Ziyád El-Kilábee: the غيبان and غيّبان of plants, or herbage, and also of their roots, are what is concealed from the sun, so that it does not shine upon them.

Show Lane's original text
or غَيْبَانٌ , [accord. to different copies of the K, between which the TA does not enable us to decide with certainty, as it only states, with respect to the ى , that it is مُخَفَّفَة , which may mean either the contr. of doubled or the contr. of movent, though the former is the more general meaning, (in the TA it is said to be erroneously written in a copy of the K with a final ت instead of ن ,)] and غَيِّبَانٌ , The roots of trees, (K, TA,) that are hidden from view: or, accord. to AHn, the غيبان and غيّبان and غَيَابَة , of plants, or herbage, are, with the Arabs, what the sun has not shone upon: and accord. to Aboo-Ziyád ElKilábee, the غيبان and غيّبان of plants, or herbage, and also of their roots, are what is con- cealed from the sun, so as to be not shone upon by it. (L, TA.)
Nounغَيِّبَانٌ1 sense

Core sense — the roots of trees, that are hidden from viewgenerated

1

See the preceding entry, in three places.

Show Lane's original text
: see the next preceding paragraph, in three places.
Nounغَيَابٌ1 sense

Core sense — a thing that hides something from one; a gravegenerated

1[may he be buried in his grave]—غَيَّبَهُ غَيَابُهُ

Meyd: a thing that hides, or conceals, a thing from one; and hence a grave, and so غَيَابَةٌ.

the same—غَيَابَتُهُ

That is, دُفِنَ فِى قَبْرِهِ; an imprecation of death against the man.

Show Lane's original text
A thing that hides, or conceals, a thing from one: (Meyd:) and hence, (Meyd, TA,) a grave; (S, Meyd, TA;) and so غَيَابَةٌ : (TA:) one says, غَيَّبَهُ غَيَابُهُ (S, Meyd, TA) and غَيَابَتُهُ (TA) meaning دُفِنَ فِى قَبْرِهِ (S, Meyd, TA) [i. e. May he be buried in his grave]: an imprecation of death against the man. (Meyd.)
Nounغَيَابَةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — the part of anything that conceals one; the bottom of a wellgenerated

1

The part of anything that veils, or conceals, one.

And hence the bottom of a جُبّ [or well]; or this, according to some, is the primary meaning; also غَيْبَةٌ, according to one reading, in 12:10; [and غَيَايَةٌ]; and the bottom of a valley, and the like. Plural غَيَابَاتٌ.

[And a covert, or place of concealment, of birds. ]

See also غَيَابٌ, in two places, and غَيْبَةٌ.

Qur’ān 12:10 approximate — somewhere between 12:1 and 12:18 Lane cites “Kur xii. 10”
Qur’ān 12:10 the verse Lane’s citation points to, and it uses this root
قَالَ قَآئِلٌ مِّنْهُمْ لَا تَقْتُلُوا۟ يُوسُفَ وَأَلْقُوهُ فِى غَيَـٰبَتِ ٱلْجُبِّ يَلْتَقِطْهُ بَعْضُ ٱلسَّيَّارَةِ إِن كُنتُمْ فَـٰعِلِينَ

Said one of them: "Slay not Joseph, but if ye must do something, throw him down to the bottom of the well: he will be picked up by some caravan of travellers."Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

1.1

See also غَيِبَانٌ.

Show Lane's original text
The part of anything that veils, or conceals, one. (K.) And hence, (K,) The bottom of a جُبّ [or well]; (S, K, * TA;) or this, accord. to some, is the primary signification; as also غَيْبَةٌ , accord. to one reading, in the Kur xii. 10; (TA;) [and غَيَايَةٌ ;] and of a valley; (S, TA;) &c.: (TA:) pl. غَيَابَاتٌ . (K, TA.) [And A covert, or place of concealment, of birds. (See ظِلَالَةٌ .)] See also غَيَابٌ , in two places: and غَيْبَةٌ . And see غَيِبَانٌ .
Nounغَائِبٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — absent; distant, or remote; hidden, or not apparentgenerated

1

Ism fāʿil of form 1: absent; distant, or remote; hidden, concealed, or not apparent; or absent from the range, or beyond the reach, of perception by sense, or of mental perception.

Plural, applied to men, غُيَّبٌ, غُيَّابٌ, غَائِبُونَ, and غَيَبٌ — or rather the last is an ism jamʿ — and غَيْبٌ [which is also properly an ism jamʿ], like صَحْبٌ; غَيَبٌ is not mentioned in the Msb.

The ى in غَيَبٌ stays unchanged, in spite of the two fet-ḥahs, because it is likened to صَيَدٌ; and although it is a plural in meaning and صَيَدٌ is a maṣdar, it may be used as intended for a maṣdar.

1.1

See also غَيْبٌ, first sentence.

1.2

Also a run in which a horse reserves [some of his force for the time of need].

Qur’ānic occurrences غَآئِبَة 3 shown of 4
7:7
فَلَنَقُصَّنَّ عَلَيْهِم بِعِلْمٍ ۖ وَمَا كُنَّا غَآئِبِينَ

And verily, We shall recount their whole story with knowledge, for We were never absent (at any time or place).

27:75
وَمَا مِنْ غَآئِبَةٍ فِى ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ إِلَّا فِى كِتَـٰبٍ مُّبِينٍ

Nor is there aught of the unseen, in heaven or earth, but is (recorded) in a clear record.

82:16
وَمَا هُمْ عَنْهَا بِغَآئِبِينَ

And they will not be able to keep away therefrom.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
act. part. n. of 1 [signifying Absent; distant, or remote; and hidden, concealed, or unapparent; or absent from the range, or beyond the reach, of perception by sense, or of mental perception]: pl. (applied to men, K, TA) غُيَّبٌ and غُيَّابٌ (S, Msb, K) and غَائِبُونَ (K) and غَيَبٌ , (S, Mgh, K,) or rather the last is a quasi-pl. n., (TA,) and غَيْبٌ , [which is also properly speaking a quasi-pl. n.,] like صَحْبٌ : (Msb [in which غَيَبٌ is not mentioned]:) the ى in غَيَبٌ remains unchanged, notwithstanding the two fet-hahs, because it is likened to صَيَدٌ , and, although it is a pl. [in signification] and صَيَدٌ is an inf. n., it may be used as meant for an inf. n. (S, TA.) See also غَيْبٌ , first sentence. Also A run in which a horse reserves [somewhat of his force for the time of need]. (A in art. شهد : see شَاهِدٌ .)
Nounمَغِيبٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — the place, and the time, of the setting of the sun or moongenerated

1

A maṣdar.

1.1

Also a noun of place and of time: the place, and the time, of the setting of the sun, of the moon, and the like.

Show Lane's original text
[an inf. n.: and also a n. of place and of time, signifying] The place [and the time] of setting of the sun and of the moon [&c.]. (Msb.)
Nounمُغِيبٌ1 sense

Core sense — a woman whose husband, or one of her family, is absent from hergenerated

1

A woman having her husband, or one of her family, absent from her; also مُغِيبَةٌ, مُغْيِبٌ, and مُغَيِّبٌ.

Or one says مُغِيبَةٌ only, with ة; and, in the opposite sense, مُشْهِدٌ without ة.

Show Lane's original text
and مُغِيبَةٌ , (Mgh, Msb, K,) or you say مُغِيبَةٌ [only], with ة , and [in the contr. sense] مُشْهِدٌ , without ة , (IDrd, S,) and مُغْيِبٌ (K) and مُغَيِّبٌ , (TA,) A woman having her husband (or one of her family, TA) absent from her. (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA.)
Nounمُغَيّبٌ1 sense

Core sense — a woman whose husband is absent from hergenerated

1

See the preceding entry.

Show Lane's original text
: see the next preceding paragraph.