غنم

Form 1 · Form 2 · Form 4 · Form 5 · Form 8 · 15 entries · Qur'ānic frequency 9

Form 1غَنِمَ1 sense

muḍāriʿـَيَفْعَلُmaṣdarغُنْمٌ

Core sense — he obtained, got, or took, spoilgenerated

1.1what you take by force in war from the unbelievers—مَا غَنِمْتُمْ

maṣdar غُنْمٌ and غَنْمٌ — or, as some say, the first is a simple noun and the second a maṣdar — and also غَنَمٌ, غَنِيمَةٌ, and غُنْمَانٌ.

He, or they (a man, or a party of men) obtained, got, or took, spoil, or a thing as spoil.

[And he acquired, or gained, a thing without difficulty or trouble: or in this sense the maṣdar is غُنْمٌ, for which see below, under غَنِيمَةٌ.]

This is the meaning in the Qur'ān 8:42. [See also Form 8.]

Qur’ān 8:40 approximate — somewhere between 8:1 and 8:48 Lane cites “Kur viii. 42”

Qur’ān 8:41 located by this root inside the range Lane’s citation allows

وَٱعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُم مِّن شَىْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُۥ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْيَتَـٰمَىٰ وَٱلْمَسَـٰكِينِ وَٱبْنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ إِن كُنتُمْ ءَامَنتُم بِٱللَّهِ وَمَآ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَىٰ عَبْدِنَا يَوْمَ ٱلْفُرْقَانِ يَوْمَ ٱلْتَقَى ٱلْجَمْعَانِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ

And know that out of all the booty that ye may acquire (in war), a fifth share is assigned to Allah,- and to the Messenger, and to near relatives, orphans, the needy, and the wayfarer,- if ye do believe in Allah and in the revelation We sent down to Our servant on the Day of Testing,- the Day of the meeting of the two forces. For Allah hath power over all things.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1 1 shown of 2

8:69

فَكُلُوا۟ مِمَّا غَنِمْتُمْ حَلَـٰلًا طَيِّبًا ۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

But (now) enjoy what ye took in war, lawful and good: but fear Allah: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

, (S, Msb, K,) aor. غَنَمَ , (Msb,) inf. n. غُنْمٌ (S, MA, Msb, * K, KL) and غَنْمٌ , (K,) or, as some say, the former is a simple subst. and the latter is an inf. n., (TA,) and غَنَمٌ and غَنِيمَةٌ and غُنْمَانٌ , (K,) He, or they, (i. e. a man, Msb, or a party of men, S,) obtained, got, or took, (Msb, K, * TK,) spoil, (K, * TK,) or a thing [as spoil]. (Msb, TA.) [And He acquired, or gained, a thing without difficulty, or trouble, or inconvenience: or in this sense the inf. n. is غُنْمٌ , which see below, voce غَنِيمَةٌ .] مَا غَنِمْتُمْ in the Kur viii. 42 means What ye take by force [in war] from the unbelievers. (Bd, Jel.) [See also 8.]

Form 2غَنَّمْتُهُ1 sense

maṣdarتَغْنِيمٌ

Core sense — I gave him spoil, or a free and disinterested giftgenerated

2.1he gave him such a thing as spoil, or as a free and disinterested gift—غَنَّمَهُ كَذَا

. I gave him spoil, or a free and disinterested gift; synonym نَفَّلْتُهُ.

Maṣdar as above; synonym نَفَّلَهُ إِيَّاهُ.

Show Lane's original text

, inf. n. تَغْنِيمٌ , I gave him spoil, or a free and disinterested gift; syn. نَفَّلْتُهُ : (S:) or غَنَّمَهُ كَذَا , inf. n. as above, he gave him such a thing as spoil, or as a free and disinterested gift; syn. نَفَّلَهُ إِيَّاهُ . (K.)

Form 4أَغْنَمَهُ الشَّىْءَ1 sense

Core sense — he made the thing to be spoil for himgenerated

4.1

He made the thing to be spoil for him.

Show Lane's original text

He made the thing to be to him spoil. (TA.)

Form 5تَغَنَّمَ3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — he took sheep or goats for himself; he desired a thing eagerly, as spoilgenerated

5.1

See Form 8.

5.1.1he eagerly desires the affair as one eagerly desires spoil—هُوَ يَتَغَنَّمُ الأَمْرَ

5.2he took for himself, got, or acquired, sheep or goats or both—تغنّم

Also تغنّم غَنَمًا.

Like the way one says تأبّل إِبِلًا.

Show Lane's original text

see 8. One says also, هُوَ يَتَغَنَّمُ الأَمْرَ , meaning He eagerly desires the affair like as one eagerly desires spoil. (TA.) And تغنّم , (TA in the present art.,) or تغنّم غَنَمًا , (AZ, T and TA in art. ابل ,) He took for himself, got, gained, or acquired, sheep or goats or both: like as one says تأبّل إِبِلًا . (AZ, T and TA in art. ابل ; and TA * in the present art.)

Form 8اغتنمهُ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — he took it as spoil; he seized the opportunitygenerated

8.1he reckoned it spoil; or he took, seized, caught, or snatched, it as spoil—تغنّمهُ

This form and the headword both carry this meaning.

8.1.1he took, or seized, the opportunity; or he hastened to take it—اغتنم الفُرْصَةَ

Synonym اِنْتَهَزَهَا.

Show Lane's original text

, as also تغنّمهُ , He reckoned it spoil: (S, K:) or both signify he took, seized, caught, or snatched, it as spoil. (KL.) And [hence] one says, اغتنم الفُرْصَةَ He took, or seized, or [availed himself of,] the opportunity; or he hastened to take it; syn. اِنْتَهَزَهَا . (S and A and K in art. نهز .)

Derived nouns 10

Nounغُنْمٌ4 senses · 2 main

Core sense — spoil; the regaining of a pledge, and its increase in valuegenerated

See غَنِيمَةٌ, in three places.

1.1the pledge belongs to the one who pledged it; to him belongs its regaining, and on him lies the debt for it—الرَّهْنُ لِمَنْ رَهَنَهُ لَهُ غُنْمُهُ وَعَلَيْهِ غُرْمُهُ

It also means the regaining of a pledge — as is shown by an explanation of A 'Obeyd cited in the first paragraph of the article غلق — and the increase, growth, and excess in value of a pledge.

the regaining of the pledge is compensated by the payment of the debt for it—الغُنْمُ بِالغُرْمِ

In full: to him belongs the regaining of it, and its increase, growth, and excess in value, if there is any, and on him lies the obligation to pay the debt for it, without requiring any abatement if the pledge has unavoidably suffered damage or total loss.

That is, the غُنْم is compensated by the غُرْم: the regaining of the pledge, with its increase, growth, and excess in value if there is any, is compensated by the payment of the debt for it.

Just as the owner of the pledge is exclusively entitled to the غُنْم, no one sharing it with him, so he bears the غُرْم, no one bearing it with him.

the loss suffered by paying the debt is repaired by the regaining of the pledge—الغُرْمُ مَجْبُورٌ بِالغُنْمِ

Apparently a phrase of the lawyers, implying that this is to be taken as the case whatever the state of the pledge when it is restored, unless it has suffered damage through the fault of the pledgee.

[See more in the first paragraph of the article غلق.]

1.2

See also غُنَامَاكَ.

2the name of a certain idol—غنم

[Apparently غُنْمٌ.] Mentioned by Suh.

Show Lane's original text

: see غَنِيمَةٌ , in three places. It signifies also [The regaining (as is shown by an explanation of A 'Obeyd cited in the first paragraph of art. غلق ), and] the increase, and growth, and excess in value, of a pledge. (O in art. غلق , and TA in the present art.) Thus in a trad., in which it is said, الرَّهْنُ لِمَنْ رَهَنَهُ لَهُ غُنْمُهُ وَعَلَيْهِ غُرْمُهُ [The pledge pertains to him who pledged it; to him pertains the regaining of it, and its increase, and growth, and excess in value, if such there be, and upon him lies the obligation to pay the debt for it, without requiring any abatement thereof if the pledge have unavoidably suffered damage or total loss: see the explanation of A 'Obeyd mentioned above]. (TA.) الغُنْمُ بِالغُرْمِ means The غُنْم is compensated ( مُقَابَلٌ ) by the غُرْم [i. e. the regaining of the pledge, with the increase and the growth and the excess in value thereof if such there be, is compensated by the payment of the debt for it]; for like as the owner [of the pledge] is exclusively entitled to the غُنْم , no one sharing it with him, so he bears the غُرْم , no one bearing it with him: and this is the meaning of their saying, الغُرْمُ مَجْبُورٌ بِالغُنْمِ [which may therefore be rendered The loss suffered by the payment of the debt is repaired by the regaining of the pledge; app. a phrase of the lawyers, implying that such is to be considered as the case whatever be the state of the pledge at the time of its being restored unless it have suffered damage through the fault of the pledgee]. (Msb.) [See more in the first paragraph of art. غلق .] See also غُنَامَاكَ . غنم [app. غُنْمٌ ] is mentioned by Suh as the name of A certain idol. (TA.)

Nounغَنَمٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — sheep and goats, and both togethergenerated

1sheep and goats, and both together—شَآءٌ

A generic noun, of the feminine gender, applied to the males, to the females, and to both together. It has no singular from which it is derived; the singular is شاة.

The dual غَنَمَانِ is used meaning two flocks or herds, each flock or herd having its own place of pasture and its own pastor. Hence it is said in a tradition that the poor-rate, meaning a portion of it, is to be given to the man to whom the year of drought has left a غَنَم, but not to him to whom it has left غَنَمَيْنِ.

The plural is أَغْنَامٌ, properly a plural of paucity, sometimes used meaning flocks or herds of غَنَم; and also غُنُومٌ and أَغَانِمُ, the last used in an ode of Aboo-Jundab El-Hudhalee.

The diminutive is غُنَيْمَةٌ, with ة, because ism jamʿ of the class having no singular from which they are derived are always feminine when applied to what are not human beings. So one says خَمْسٌ مِنَ الغَنَمِ ذُكُورٌ [five of sheep, males], making the noun of number feminine, though rams are meant, when it is followed by مِنَ الغَنَمِ; for the noun of number is masculine or feminine according to the word, not according to the meaning.

1.1I will not come to you until the sheep, or goats, of El-Fizr congregate—لَا آتِيكَ غَنَمَ الفِزْرِ

That is, حَتَّى تَجْتَمِعَ غَنَمُ الفِزْرِ.

غنم, with its complement, is made to stand in the place of الدَّهْر — the meaning being, I will not come to you ever — and is therefore put in the accusative case as though it were an adverbial noun of time.

[This saying, with مِعْزَى in the place of غَنَمَ, is given by El-Meydánee in his “Proverbs”, and so also in the article فزر. For an explanation of its origin see Freytag's Arab. Prov. vol. 2, p. 484.]

1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredthe name of certain small stars—الأَغْنَامُ

They lie between the legs of Cepheus and the star الجَدْىُ (Kzw, in his description of Cepheus). [See شَاةٌ, in the article شوه, last sentence.]

Qur’ānic occurrences غَنَم

6:146

وَعَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ هَادُوا۟ حَرَّمْنَا كُلَّ ذِى ظُفُرٍ ۖ وَمِنَ ٱلْبَقَرِ وَٱلْغَنَمِ حَرَّمْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ شُحُومَهُمَآ إِلَّا مَا حَمَلَتْ ظُهُورُهُمَآ أَوِ ٱلْحَوَايَآ أَوْ مَا ٱخْتَلَطَ بِعَظْمٍ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ جَزَيْنَـٰهُم بِبَغْيِهِمْ ۖ وَإِنَّا لَصَـٰدِقُونَ

For those who followed the Jewish Law, We forbade every (animal) with undivided hoof, and We forbade them that fat of the ox and the sheep, except what adheres to their backs or their entrails, or is mixed up with a bone: this in recompense for their wilful disobedience: for We are true (in Our ordinances).

20:18

قَالَ هِىَ عَصَاىَ أَتَوَكَّؤُا۟ عَلَيْهَا وَأَهُشُّ بِهَا عَلَىٰ غَنَمِى وَلِىَ فِيهَا مَـَٔارِبُ أُخْرَىٰ

He said, "It is my rod: on it I lean; with it I beat down fodder for my flocks; and in it I find other uses."

21:78

وَدَاوُۥدَ وَسُلَيْمَـٰنَ إِذْ يَحْكُمَانِ فِى ٱلْحَرْثِ إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ ٱلْقَوْمِ وَكُنَّا لِحُكْمِهِمْ شَـٰهِدِينَ

And remember David and Solomon, when they gave judgment in the matter of the field into which the sheep of certain people had strayed by night: We did witness their judgment.

Show Lane's original text

i. q. شَآءٌ , (T, Msb, K,) meaning Sheep and goats; (Msb;) [and both together;] a gen. n., (S, Msb, K,) of the fem. gender, (S, K,) applied to the males and the females, and to both together: (S, Msb, K:) it has no sing. from which it is derived, the sing. being شاة : the dual غَنَمَانِ is used as meaning two flocks or herds [of sheep or of goats or of both together]; (Msb, K;) each flock or herd having its distinct place of pasture and its pastor: (Msb, TA: *) and hence it is said in a trad. that the poor-rate [meaning a portion thereof] is to be given to him to whom the year of drought has left a غَنَم , but not to him to whom it has left غَنَمَيْنِ : (TA:) the pl. is أَغْنَامٌ , (Msb, K,) [properly a pl. of pauc.,] sometimes used, (Msb,) meaning flocks or herds of غَنَم , (Msb and TA in art. ابل ,) and also غُنُومٌ and أَغَانِمُ , (K,) the last used in an ode of Aboo-Jundab El-Hudhalee: (TA:) the dim. is غُنَيْمَةٌ , with ة , because quasi-pl. ns. of the class having no sing. from which they are derived, when applied to what are not human beings, are constantly fem.; so one says خَمْسٌ مِنَ الغَنَمِ ذُكُورٌ [five of sheep, males], making the n. of number fem., though one means rams, when it is followed by مِنَ الغَنَمِ , for the n. of number is masc. and fem. accord. to the word, not accord. to the meaning. (S.) In the saying لَا آتِيكَ غَنَمَ الفِزْرِ i. e. حَتَّى تَجْتَمِعَ غَنَمُ الفِزْرِ [I will not come to thee until the sheep, or goats, of El-Fizr congregate], غنم [with its complement] is made to stand in the place of الدَّهْر , [the meaning being, I will not come to thee ever,] and is [therefore] put in the accus. case as though it were an adv. n. [of time]. (TA. [This saying with مِعْزَى in the place of غَنَمَ is mentioned by El-Meydánee in his “ Proverbs, ” and thus in the S and K in art. فزر . For an explanation of its origin see Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 484.]) الأَغْنَامُ is the name of Certain small stars between the legs of Cepheus and the star الجَدْىُ . (Kzw, in his descr. of Cepheus.) [See شَاةٌ (in art. شوه ), last sentence.]

Nounغَنِيمٌ1 sense

Core sense — spoil, booty, plundergenerated

See the word that follows.

Show Lane's original text

: see what next follows.

Nounغَنِيمَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — spoil, booty, plunder; a thing acquired without troublegenerated

This word, and مَغْنَمٌ, غَنِيمٌ, and غُنْمٌ, all mean فَىْءٌ, that is, spoil, booty, or plunder; and also the acquisition of a thing without difficulty or trouble.

Or this last is termed غُنْمٌ, and فَىْءٌ is termed غَنِيمَةٌ.

According to A 'Obeyd, الغَنِيمَةُ is what is obtained from the believers in a plurality of gods by force, during war; of this a fifth is to be taken, and applied in the manner prescribed in the Qur'ān 8:42, and what remains after the fifth belongs to those who obtained it, exclusively, the horseman having three shares and the foot-soldier one share.

الفَىْءُ is what is obtained from them after the laying down of arms, when the country, or place, becomes a country, or place, of Islám; this belongs to all the Muslims and is not divided into fifths.

Or the فَىْء is what God has given, or restored, of the possessions of the believers in a plurality of gods to the Muslims without war, such as the poll-tax and that for which peace has been made with them; of this also a fifth is to be applied in the manner God prescribed, and the remainder is to be spent on the purchase of horses, weapons, and other equipment for the defence of the frontiers.

النَّفَلُ is what is given to the warrior in addition to his share; it is when the Imám or the commander says, “He who slays a man shall have his spoil,” or says to a detachment, “What you obtain shall be yours,” or “a quarter of it,” or “half of it.” It is not divided into fifths, and it lies on the Imám to fulfil the promise.

According to 'Alee Ibn-'Eesà, الغَنِيمَةُ is more general in meaning than النَّفَلُ, and الفَىْءُ is more general than الغَنِيمَةُ, because it is a name for everything of the possessions of the believers in a plurality of gods that becomes the property of the Muslims.

According to the lawyers, everything of their possessions that may be lawfully taken is فَىْء.

The plural of غَنِيمَةٌ is غَنَائِمُ, and the plural of مَغْنَمٌ is مَغَانِمُ; and غُنُومٌ occurs as a plural of غُنْمٌ.

For غَنِيمَةٌ بَارِدَةٌ, see the explanation in the article برد.

Qur’ān 8:40 approximate — somewhere between 8:1 and 8:48 Lane cites “Kur viii. 42”

Qur’ān 8:41 located by this root inside the range Lane’s citation allows

Show Lane's original text

and مَغْنَمٌ (S, Msb, K) and غَنِيمٌ and غُنْمٌ all signify فَىْءٌ [as meaning Spoil, booty, or plunder]: and the acquisition of a thing without difficulty, or trouble, or inconvenience: or this is termed غُنْمٌ , and فَىْءٌ is termed غَنِيمَةٌ : (K:) or, accord. to A 'Obeyd, الغَنِيمَةُ signifies what is obtained from the believers in a plurality of gods, by force, during war; (Mgh, Msb:) and of this, a fifth is to be taken, [and applied in the manner prescribed in the Kur viii. 42,] and what remains after the fifth is for those who have obtained it, exclusively; (Mgh;) the horseman having three shares, and the foot-soldier having one share: (Az, TA:) and الفَىْءُ signifies what is obtained from them after the laying-down of arms, (Mgh, Msb,) when the country, or place, becomes a country, or place, of Islám; and this is for all of the Muslims, and is not to be divided into fifths: (Mgh:) or the فَىْء is what God has given, or restored, of the possessions of the believers in a plurality of gods, to the Muslims, without war, such as the poll-tax, and that for which peace has been made with them; and of this also a fifth is to be applied in the manner prescribed by God, and the remainder is to be expended in the purchase of horses and weapons and other apparatus for the defence of the frontiers: (Az, TA:) and النَّفَلُ is what is given to the warrior in addition to his share; and is when the Imám or the commander says, “ He who slays one shall have his spoil; ” or says to a detachment, “ What ye obtain shall be yours, ” or “ the quarter of it, ” or “ the half of it; ” and it is not divided into fifths; and it lies on the Imám to fulfil the promise: or, accord. to 'Alee Ibn-'Eesà, الغَنِيمَةُ is more general in signification than النَّفَلُ ; and الفَىْءُ is more so than الغَنِيمَةُ , because it is a name for everything of the possessions of the believers in a plurality of gods that becomes the property of the Muslims: accord. to the lawyers, everything that may be lawfully taken, of their possessions, is فَىْء : (Mgh:) the pl. of غَنِيمَةٌ is غَنَائِمُ ; and the pl. of مَغْنَمٌ is مَغَانِمُ , (Msb, TA,) and غُنُومٌ occurs as pl. of غُنْمٌ . (TA.) غَنِيمَةٌ بَارِدَةٌ see expl. in art. برد .

Nounغُنِيْمَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a little spoilgenerated

Diminutive of غَنَمٌ.

Show Lane's original text

dim. of غَنَمٌ , q. v. (S.)

Nounغُنَامَاكَ أَنْ تَفَعَلَ كَذَا1 sense

Core sense — the utmost of your power, and what you eagerly desire like spoilgenerated

The utmost of your power, or ability, and of your case, and that which you eagerly desire as one desires spoil, is, or will be, your doing such a thing.

Same in meaning as قُصَارَاكَ [see also عُنَانَاكَ in the article عن], and so is غُنْمُكَ.

In the same way one says غُنَيْمَاؤُهُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا, like حُسَيْنَاؤُهُ, meaning قُصَارَاهُ, the utmost of his power.

Show Lane's original text

(S, K, * TA) means The utmost of thy power, or ability, and of thy case, (S, * TA,) and that which thou eagerly desirest like as one desires spoil, (S, * JM, TA, *) [is, or will be, thy doing such a thing;] i. q. قُصَارَاكَ : (K, TA: [see also عُنَانَاكَ , in art. عن :]) and so غُنْمُكَ : (TA:) and [in like manner] one says, غُنَيْمَاؤُهُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا , like حُسَيْنَاؤُهُ , meaning قُصَارَاهُ [The utmost of his power, &c.]. (TA in art. حسن .)

Nounغُنَيْمَاؤُهُ1 sense

Core sense — the utmost of his power, or abilitygenerated

See the word just before this.

Show Lane's original text

: see what next precedes.

Nounغَانِمٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — taking, or a taker, of spoilgenerated

Taking, or a taker, of غَنِيمَة [spoil].

1.1

See also two examples under شَاجِبٌ.

Show Lane's original text

Taking, or a taker, of غَنِيمَة [or spoil]. (TA.) See also two exs. voce شَاجِبٌ .

Nounمَغْنَمٌ1 sense

Core sense — spoil, bootygenerated

See غَنِيمَةٌ, in two places.

Show Lane's original text

: see غَنِيمَةٌ , in two places.

Nounغَنَمٌ مُغْنَمَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — sheep, or goats, collected together, each flock with its own pastorgenerated

This adjective, and مُغَنَّمَةٌ: sheep, or goats, collected together; or many, or numerous.

Or, according to AZ, one of these two adjectives, so applied [probably the latter, like مُؤَبَّلَةٌ applied to إِبِلٌ, as he seems to say], means [apparently divided into distinct flocks or herds,] each flock or herd having its own pastor.

Show Lane's original text

and مُغَنَّمَةٌ Sheep, or goats, collected together: (TA:) or many or numerous: (K, TA:) or, accord. to AZ, one of these two epithets, thus applied, [probably the latter, like مُؤَبَّلَةٌ applied to إِبِلٌ , as he seems to say,] signifies [app. divided into distinct flocks or herds,] each [flock or herd] having its own pastor. (TA.)