غرم

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Form 1غَرِمَ3 senses · 2 main

muḍāriʿـَيَفْعَلُmaṣdarغُرْمٌ

Core sense — he paid what was owed, a bloodwit or the like; he suffered lossgenerated

1.1I paid for him, in his stead, what was obligatory upon him of the bloodwit—غَرِمْتُ عَنْهُ مَا لَزِمَهُ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ

He paid, or discharged, a thing that was obligatory upon him — a bloodwit, a responsibility, or the like — after it had become obligatory upon him.; maṣdar غُرْمٌ, غَرَامَةٌ, and مَغْرَمٌ.

Or, by the explanation of الغَرَامَةُ in Har p. 36, he gave property against his will; or the meaning intended in the S and K, in both of which it is very vaguely indicated, may be that he took upon himself to pay a bloodwit and the like.

For sometimes غُرْمٌ, مَغْرَمٌ, and غَرَامَةٌ mean the taking upon oneself of what is not obligatory upon one; the Ksh gives this explanation of مَغْرَمٌ in 52:40.

Or the taking upon oneself of a fine or the like: for sometimes مَغْرَمٌ means اِلْتِزَامُ غُرْمٍ.

In art. عقل.

Lane cites “Bd in lii. 40” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given

1.1.1he lost, or suffered loss, in his traffic—غَرِمَ فِى تِجَارَتِهِ

The same as خَسِرَ, the opposite of رَبِحَ.

1.2

غُرِمَ أَنْفًا: see رُغِمَ, from which it seems to be formed by transposition.

Show Lane's original text

, (JK, S, Msb, K,) aor. غَرَمَ , (JK, K,) inf. n. غُرْمٌ (JK, Msb, TA) and غَرَامَةٌ (Msb, TA) and مَغْرَمٌ , (TA,) He paid, or discharged (A K, S, * Msb, K, *) a thing that was obligatory upon him, (JK,) or a bloodwit, (S, Msb, K,) and a responsibility, and the like thereof, after it had become obligatory upon him: (Msb:) (or, accord. to an explanation of الغَرَامَةُ in Har p. 36, he gave property against his will: or the meaning intended in the S and K (in both of which it is very vaguely indicated) may be, he took upon himself to pay, or discharge, a blood wit, &c.: for, sometimes,] غُرْمٌ and مَغْرَمٌ and غَرَامَةٌ signify the taking upon oneself that which is not obligatory upon him: (Mgh; and the Ksh gives this explanation of مَغْرَمٌ in lii. 40:) [or the taking upon oneself a fine or the like: for, sometimes,] مَغْرَمٌ signifies اِلْتِزَامُ غُرْمٍ . (Bd in lii. 40. [See also 5, and 8.]) And you say, غَرِمْتُ عَنْهُ مَا لَزِمَهُ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ [I paid for him, i. e., in his stead, what was obligatory upon him, of the bloodwit]. (Msb in art. عقل .) And غَرِمَ فِى تِجَارَتِهِ He lost, or suffered loss, in his traffic; i. q. خَسِرَ ; contr. of رَبِحَ . (Msb.) غُرِمَ أَنْفًا : see رُغِمَ [from which it is app. formed by transposition].

Form 2غرّمهُ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — he made him pay a fine, or what was owedgenerated

2.1

The same as اغرمهُ.

2.1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredthe clouds rained—غُرِّمَ السَّحَابُ

As though they were made to discharge a debt that they owed.

Aboo-Dhu-eyb says, describing clouds: [The clouds that were the first of them in rising and appearing became rent, and those of them suspended beneath other clouds were looked at so that it might be seen whether they moved, and they discharged clear water.]

shāhid

وَهَى خَرْجُهُ وَٱسْتُحِيلَ الرَّبَابُ مِنْهُ وَعُزِّمَ مَآءً صَرِيحَا

Show Lane's original text

i. q. اغرمهُ , q. v. (S, Mgh, &c.) [Hence, app.] غُرِّمَ السَّحَابُ The clouds rained; [as though they were made to discharge a debt that they owed;] Aboo-Dhn-eyb says, describing clouds. 1 [The clouds that were the first thereof in rising and appearing became rent, and such of them as were suspended beneath other clouds were looked at in order that it might be seen whether they moved, and they discharged clear water.] (TA.) وَهَى خَرْجُهُ وَٱسْتُحِيلَ الرَّبَا | بُ مِنْهُ وَعُزِّمَ مَآءً صَرِيحَا

Form 4أَغْرَمْتُهُ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — I made him pay a bloodwit or the like; I made him desirous of itgenerated

4.1I made him pay a bloodwit, a responsibility, or the like, after it had become obligatory upon him—غَرَّمْتُهُ

Maṣdar of the former إِغْرَامٌ, of the latter تَغْرِيمٌ; both mean the same.

Or the meaning intended in the S and K, vaguely indicated in the latter and still more so in the former, may be that I made him take upon himself to pay a bloodwit and the like.

For sometimes غرّمهُ and اغرمهُ mean he made him incur the taking upon himself of what was not obligatory upon him.

And sometimes the maṣdars إِغْرَامٌ and تَغْرِيمٌ mean the making to be fined, and the making to be indebted.

أَغْرَمْتُهُ إِيَّاهُ in the copies of the K is a mistake for إِيَّاهُ أَغْرَمْتُهُ.

4.1.1the throwing [one] into destruction—إِغْرَامٌ

4.1.2he became eagerly desirous of the thing, fond of it, or attached to it—أُغْرِمَ بِالشَّىْءِ

And the rendering [one] eagerly desirous of a thing, fond of it, or attached to it.

The same as أُولِعَ بِهِ.

Show Lane's original text

and غَرَّمْتُهُ , (S Msb, K,) inf. n. [of the former إِغْرَامٌ and [of the latter تَغْرِيمٌ , (TA,) both signify the same; (S, Msb, K;) i. e. I made him to pay, or discharge, a bloodwit, and a responsibility, and the like, (see 1,)] after it had became obligatory upon him; (Msb, K: *) [or the meaning intended in the S and K (in the latter of which it is vaguely indicated and in the farmer more so) may be, I made him to take upon himself to pay, or discharge, a bloodwit, &c. for, sometimes,] غرّمهُ and اغرمهُ signify he made him to incur the taking upon himself that which was not obligatory upon him; (Mgh:) [and sometimes the inf. ns.] إِغْرَامٌ and تَغْرِيمٌ signify the making to he final; and, to he indebted; (PS;) أَغْرَمْتُهُ إِيَّاهُ in the copies of the K is a mistake for إِيَّاهُ أَغْرَمْتُهُ . (TA.) إِغْرَامٌ also signifies The throwing [one] into destruction. (KL.) And The rendering [one] eagerly desirous [of a thing; fond of it; or attached to it]. (KL.) You say, أُغْرِمَ بِالشَّىْءِ He became eagerly desirous of the thing; fond of it; or attached to it; syn. أُولِعَ بِهِ (S, Msb, TA.)

Form 5تغرّم1 sense

Core sense — he took upon himself an obligation, such as paying a finegenerated

5.1

Apparently: he took upon himself an obligation, such as the payment of a fine.

Show Lane's original text

[app. He took upon himself an obligation, such as the payment of a fine. &c]. (Ham p. 707. [See also 1, and 8.])

Form 8اِغْتِرَامٌ1 sense

Core sense — the making obligatory upon oneself of a loss or paymentgenerated

8.1

The making obligatory upon oneself what is termed غَرَامَة, which means difficulty or trouble, damage or detriment or loss, and the giving of property against one's will.

Show Lane's original text

The making obligatory upon oneself what is termed غَرَامَة , which signifies difficulty or trouble, and damage or detriment or loss, and the giving of property against one's will. (Har p. 36. [See also 1, and 5.])

Derived nouns 8

Nounغُرْمٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a thing that must be paid; a debt, a fine, a lossgenerated

A maṣdar of غَرِمَ.

1.1

A thing that must be paid, or discharged; and so also غَرَامَةٌ, مُغْرَمٌ, and مَغْرَمٌ.

Er-Rāghib: a damage, detriment, or loss that befalls a man in his property, not for an injurious action of his requiring punishment; a debt, or a fine.

The plural of مَغْرَمٌ is مَغَارِمُ, as analogy requires; or this is an irregular plural of غُرْمٌ, like مَحَاسِنُ from حُسْنٌ.

See examples under غَلِقَ, and see also غُنْمٌ.

Show Lane's original text

an inf. n. of غَرِمَ [q. v.]. (JK, Msb, TA.) And A thing that must be paid, or discharged; (K, TA;) and so غَرَامَةٌ , and مُغْرَمٌ , (S, K, TA,) and مَغْرَمٌ : (S, TA:) accord. to Er-Rághib, a damage, detriment, or loss, that befalls a man, in his property, not for an injurious action, of his, requiring punishment (TA:) a debt, (S, TA:) a fine, or mulet: (MA:) the pl. of مَغْرَمٌ is مَغَارِمُ , agreeably with analogy; or this is pl. of غُرْمٌ , anomalously, like as مَحَاسِنُ is of حُسْنٌ . (TA.) [See exs. voce غَلِقَ : and see also غُنْمٌ .]

Nounغَرْمَى2 senses

Core sense — a woman heavy, or sluggish; also a word used in swearinggenerated

A woman heavy, or sluggish; the same as ثَقِيلَةٌ.

Or, according to IAar, the same as مُغَاضِيَةٌ [that makes, and is made, angry; or that breaks off from, or quits, one, in anger or enmity].

2now surely, by your grandfather, or by your fortune or good fortune—غَرْمَى وَجَدِّكَ

It is also the same as أَمَا as a word used in swearing.

Just as one says أَمَا وَجَدِّكَ; and عَرْمَى and حَرْمَى are dialectal variants of it.

Show Lane's original text

A woman heavy, or sluggish; syn. ثَقِيلَةٌ : (K:) or, accord. to IAar, i. q. مُغَاضِيَةٌ [that makes, and is made, angry: or that breaks off from, or quits, one, in anger, or enmity]. (TA.) It is also syn. with أَمَا , as a word denoting an oath [or used in swearing]: one says غَرْمَى وَجَدِّكَ [Verily, or now surely, by thy grandfather, or by thy fortune or good fortune]; like as one says أَمَا وَجَدِّكَ : (AA, K, TA:) and عَرْمَى and حَرْمَى are dial. vars. thereof. (TA.)

Nounغَرَامٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a thing one cannot escape; lasting evil, perdition; eager desiregenerated

A thing from which one is unable to free himself, a thing that cleaves fast.

Lasting evil. Perdition: in 25:66, according to AO, it means perdition, persistent, and such as cleaves fast.

And punishment, or torment; or, according to Zj, the most violent punishment or torment.

Er-Rāghib: hardship, or difficulty, and an affliction, calamity, or misfortune that befalls a man.

Lane cites “Kur xxv. 66” — Flügel numbering, not yet mapped

Lane cites “Jel in xxv. 66” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given

1.1

Also eager desire [بِشَىْءٍ for a thing], fondness [for it], or attachment [to it]; the same as وَلُوعٌ; or love that torments the heart.

See Form 4, last part.

Qur’ānic occurrences غَرَام

25:65

وَٱلَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا ٱصْرِفْ عَنَّا عَذَابَ جَهَنَّمَ ۖ إِنَّ عَذَابَهَا كَانَ غَرَامًا

Those who say, "Our Lord! avert from us the Wrath of Hell, for its Wrath is indeed an affliction grievous,-

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

A thing from which one is unable to free himself, [a thing] such as cleaves fast. (BA and Jel in xxv. 66.) Lasting evil. (IAar, S, K.) Perdition: (K:) in the Kur xxv. 66, (S, Ksh,) accord. to AO, (S,) it means perdition, (S, Ksh,) persistent, (Ksh,) and such as cleaves fast. (S, Ksh.) And Punishment, or torment; (S, K) or, accord. to Zj, the most vehement punishment or torment; and accord to Er-Rághib, hardship, or difficulty, and an affliction, or a calamity or misfortune, that befalls a man. (TA.) Also Eager desire [ بِشَىْءٍ for a thing]; fondness [for it]; or attachment [to it]; syn. وَلُوعٌ : (S, K:) or love that torments the heart. (Har p. 36.) [See 4, last sentence.]

Nounغَرِيمٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a debtor; also a creditor; an adversary in a disputegenerated

1take from the bad debtor what has become easy to get—خُذْ مِنْ غَرِيمِ السَّوْءِ مَا سَبَحَ

A debtor.

غَارِمٌ means the same as غَرِيمٌ; or one upon whom lies the obligation of a bloodwit or the like; or it virtually means this, but properly it is a possessive adjective meaning ذُو غَرَامٍ, or غَرَامَةٍ, or تَغْرِيمٍ.

And sometimes it means a creditor as well, so that it has two opposite meanings. Kutheiyir says: [Every debtor has paid, and fully rendered to his creditor; but as for ʿAzzeh, her creditor is put off, and wearied.] قَضَى كُلُّ ذِى دَيْنٍ فَوَفَّى غَرِيمَهُ وَعَزَّةُ مَمْطُولٌ مُعَنًّى غَرِيمُهَا

The plural of غَرِيمٌ is غُرَمَآءُ and غُرَّامٌ, which is an irregular plural; or this is the plural of غَارِمٌ as meaning the same as غَرِيمٌ, and so agrees with analogy; or it is the plural of مُغْرِمٌ [meaning “burdened with debt”], formed by dropping the augmentative letter of the singular.

1.1

And hence, an adversary in contention, dispute, or litigation; an antagonist; a litigant — because by pressing upon his adversary, as a creditor presses upon his debtor, he becomes one who cleaves, or clings.

Show Lane's original text

A debtor; (S, Msb, K:) one says, خُذْ مِنْ غَرِيمِ السَّوْءِ مَا سَبَحَ Take thou from the evil debtor what has become easy of attachment, (S:) and غَارِمٌ signifies the same as غَرِيمٌ ; or one upon whom lies the obligation of a bloodwit or the like; or [it virtually signifies thus, but properly] it is a possessive epithet signifying ذُو غَرَامٍ or غَرَامَةٍ or تَغْرِيمٍ . (TA.) And (sometimes, S) it signifies A creditor also: (S, Msb, K:) thus having two contr. meanings; (K) Kutheiyir says, * قَضَى كُلُّ ذِى دَيْنٍ فَوَفَّى غَرِيمَهُ * وَعَزَّةُ مَمْطُولٌ مُعَنًّى غَرِيمُهَا [Every debtor has paid, and fully rendered to his creditor; but as to 'Azzeh, her creditor is put off, and wearied]. (S.) The pl. of غَرِيمٌ is غُرَمَآءُ (I Ath, Msb, TA) and غُرَّامٌ , which is a strange [i. e. an anomalous] pl., (I Ath, TA;) or this is pl. of غَارِمٌ as syn. with غَرِيمٌ [and thus is agree able with analogy]; or it is pl. of مُغْرِمٌ [signifying “ burdened with debt. ”], formed by the rejection of the augmentative letter [of the sing]. (TA.) And hence, An adversary in contention, dispute, or litigation; an antagonist; a litigant; because, by his pressing upon his adversary [like the creditor upon his debtor], he becomes one who cleaves, or clings. (Msb.)

Nounغَرَامَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a fine, or a thing that must be paidgenerated

See غُرْمٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see غُرْمٌ .

Nounغَارِمٌ1 sense

Core sense — one who pays, or is bound to pay, a fine or debtgenerated

See غَرِيمٌ, in two places.

Show Lane's original text

: see غَرِيمٌ , in two places.

Nounمَغْرَمٌ1 sense

Core sense — a thing that must be paid; a debt, a fine, a lossgenerated

Plural مَغَارِمُ. See غُرْمٌ, in two places.

Show Lane's original text

; pl. مَغَارِمُ : see غُرْمٌ , in two places.

Nounمُغْرَمٌ3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — burdened with debt; a captive of love; eagerly desirous of a thinggenerated

Shackled, or burdened, with debt; an adjective applied to a man, from الغُرْمُ and الدَّيْنُ.

See غَرِيمٌ.

1.1a man to whom love cleaves, or who is clung to by love—رَجُلٌ مُغْرَمٌ بِالحُبِّ

he is one who clings to women—هُوَ مُغْرَمٌ بِالنِّسَآءِ

And a captive of love, that is, of the love of women; or one to whom love cleaves.

From the love of women.

Er-Rāghib: he clings to women as the غَرِيم [or creditor] does to the debtor.

eagerly desirous of a thing, fond of it, or attached to it—مُغْرَمٌ بِشَىْءٍ

The same as مُولَعٌ بِهِ and حَرِيصٌ عَلَيْهِ; not having patience to refrain from it.