Core sense — the early part of the morning, between daybreak and sunrisegenerated
1[I come to him in the early parts of mornings and in the late parts of evenings]—إِنِّى لَآتِيهِ بِالغَدَايَا وَالعَشَايَا
The early part of the morning; the first part of the day; or the period between the prayer of daybreak and sunrise. Also غَدْوَةٌ, said by MF to be well known, and غِدْوَةٌ, said by him to be rare, or disapproved.
As also غَدَاةٌ and غَدِيَّةٌ, the last [in the CK غَدْيَةِ, but correctly] a dialectal variant of غُدْوَةٌ, like ضَحِيَّةٌ, a dialectal variant of ضَحْوَةٌ.
Or غَدَاةٌ means the same as ضَحْوَةٌ [the early part of the forenoon, after sunrise; according to some, when the sun is still low; according to others, when the sun is somewhat high]. [It may therefore be generally rendered morning, before, or after, sunrise.]
The plurals are غُدًى, which is plural of غُدْوَةٌ; and غَدَوَاتٌ, which is plural of غَدَاةٌ; and غُدُوٌّ, which is a plural of غُدْوَةٌ formed by rejecting the ة [of the singular], or, according to the M, an irregular plural of غَدَاةٌ.
Or, as J says, referring to the phrase بِٱلْغَدُوِّ وَٱلْآصَالِ in the Qur'ān 7:204, 13:16 and 24:36, بِالغُدُوِّ there means بِالغَدَوَاتِ and is a verb [that is, a maṣdar] used to denote the time, as [is طُلُوع] in the saying طُلُوعَ الشَّمْسِ, meaning فِى وَقْتِ طُلُوعِ الشمس.
And غَدِيَّاتٌ (IAar; in the CK, wrongly, غَدَياتٌ), which is plural of غَدِيَّةٌ; and غَدَايَا, which is likewise a plural of غَدِيَّةٌ according to IAar, and, if so, regularly formed from غَدَايِوُ in the same way as has already been explained in the case of عَشَايَا [plural of عَشِيَّةٌ, see under عَشِىٌّ]; by some said to be a plural of غُدْوَةٌ, but this has been contested by IHsh in his exposition of the “Kaabeeyeh” and by its commentator ['Abd-El-Kádir] El-Baghdádee.
Or غَدَايَا is not used except together with عَشَايَا.
Said for the sake of conformity.
Zj says that when غُدْوَة means the بُكْرَة of the present day, or of a particular day, it is imperfectly declinable. AHei says that it is so according to the opinion commonly held, as is also بُكْرَة, each being a generic proper name, like أُسَامَةُ.
[An early part of a morning is a time of briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness]—غُدْوَةٌ وَقْتُ نَشَاطٍ
[I will certainly journey tonight until the early part of the morning]—لَأَسِيرَنَّ اللَّيْلَةَ إِلَى غُدْوَةَ
[I came to him in the early part of the morning of this, or of a particular, day]—أَتَيْتُهُ غُدْوَةَ
Said when you mean to speak generally.
Said when you mean to specify.
غدوة is here imperfectly declinable because it is determinate, like سَحَرَ; but it is one of those adverbial nouns that may be used otherwise than as adverbial nouns.
[journeying was performed on your horse, or mare, in the غُدْوَة of this, or of a particular, day]—سِيرَ عَلَى فَرَسِكَ غُدْوَةَ
[and in a غُدْوَة]—غُدْوَةً
[the journey of the غُدْوَة of this, or of a particular, day was performed on your horse, or mare]—غُدْوَةٌ
غُدْوَةُ and غُدْوَةٌ are here for مَسِيرَةُ غُدْوَةَ and مَسِيرَةُ غُدْوَةٍ, as شَهْرٌ in the Qur'ān 34:11 is for مَسِيرَةُ شَهْرٍ.
[and the journey of a غُدْوَة]—غُدْوَةٌ
Of these, what has tenween is indeterminate, and what is without tenween is determinate.
[In one of my copies of the S, سِرْ is put in the place of سِيرَ; that the latter is right is shown by the addition of غُدْوَةُ and غُدْوَةٌ, for each of these must be what is termed نَائِبٌ عَنْ فَاعِلٍ, that is, a substitute for an agent.]
See also غَدَاةٌ in two places.
Qur’ān 34:11 approximate — somewhere between 34:10 and 34:19 Lane cites “Kur xxxiv. 11”
Qur’ān 34:12 located by this root inside the range Lane’s citation allows
وَلِسُلَيْمَـٰنَ ٱلرِّيحَ غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌ وَرَوَاحُهَا شَهْرٌ ۖ وَأَسَلْنَا لَهُۥ عَيْنَ ٱلْقِطْرِ ۖ وَمِنَ ٱلْجِنِّ مَن يَعْمَلُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِۦ ۖ وَمَن يَزِغْ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِنَا نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلسَّعِيرِAnd to Solomon (We made) the Wind (obedient): Its early morning (stride) was a month's (journey), and its evening (stride) was a month's (journey); and We made a Font of molten brass to flow for him; and there were Jinns that worked in front of him, by the leave of his Lord, and if any of them turned aside from our command, We made him taste of the Penalty of the Blazing Fire.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)
Show Lane's original text
, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) and غَدْوَةٌ , said by MF to be well known, and غِدْوَةٌ , said by him to be rare, or disapproved, (TA,) The early part of the morning; the first part of the day; (K;) or the period between the time of the prayer of daybreak and sunrise; (S, Msb, K;) as also غَدَاةٌ , and غَدِيَّةٌ , (K, TA,) the last [in the CK غَدْيَةِ , but correctly] a dial. var. of غُدْوَةٌ , like ضَحِيَّةٌ a dial. var. of ضَحْوَةٌ : (IAar, TA:) or غَدَاةٌ is syn. with ضَحْوَةٌ [meaning the early part of the forenoon, after sunrise; accord. to some, when the sun is yet low; or, accord. to others, when the sun is somewhat high]: (Msb:) [it may therefore be generally rendered morning, before, or after, sunrise:] the pls. are غُدًى , which is pl. of غُدْوَةٌ ; (S, Msb, TA;) and غَدَوَاتٌ , (S, Msb, K, TA,) which is pl. of غَدَاةٌ ; (S, Msb, TA;) and غُدُوٌّ , (K, TA,) which is a pl. of غُدْوَةٌ , formed by rejecting the ة [of the sing.], or, accord. to the M, an anomalous pl. of غَدَاةٌ , or, as J says, [in the S,] referring to the phrase بِٱلْغَدُوِّ وَٱلْآصَالِ , in the Kur [vii. 204 and xiii. 16 and xxiv. 36], بِالغُدُوِّ there means بِالغَدَوَاتِ , and is a verb [i. e. an inf. n.] used to denote the time, as [is طُلُوع ] in the saying طُلُوعَ الشَّمْسِ meaning فِى وَقْتِ طُلُوعِ الشمس ; (TA;) and غَدِيَّاتٌ , (IAar, K, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, غَدَياتٌ ,]) which is pl. of غَدِيَّةٌ ; (TA;) and غَدَايَا , (K, TA,) which is likewise a pl. of غَدِيَّةٌ , accord. to IAar, and, if so, regularly formed from غَدَايِوُ , in the same manner as has already been expl. in the case of عَشَايَا [pl. of عَشِيَّةٌ , q. v. voce عَشِىٌّ ]; by some said to be a pl. of غُدْوَةٌ , but this has been controverted by IHsh in the Expos. of the “ Kaabeeyeh ” and by its commentator ['AbdEl-Kádir] El-Baghdádee; (TA;) or غَدَايَا is not used except in conjunction with عَشَايَا ; (K, TA;) one says, إِنِّى لَآتِيهِ بِالغَدَايَا وَالعَشَايَا [Verily I come to him in the early parts of mornings and in the late parts of evenings], for the purpose of conformity. (S, TA.) Zj says that when غُدْوَة means The بُكْرَة [or early part of the morning, &c.,] of the present day, or of a particular day, it is imperfectly decl.: and AHei says that it is thus accord. to the opinion commonly obtaining, as is also بُكْرَة , each as being a generic proper name, like أُسَامَةُ ; and that when you mean to generalize, you say, غُدْوَةٌ وَقْتُ نَشَاطٍ [An early part of a morning is a time of briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness]; and when you mean to particularize, لَأَسِيرَنَّ اللَّيْلَةَ إِلَى غُدْوَةَ [I will assuredly journey to-night until the early part of the morning]: (TA:) [in the latter case also] one says, أَتَيْتُهُ غُدْوَةَ [I came to him in the early part of the morning of this, or of a particular, day]; غدوة being here imperfectly decl. because it is determinate, like سَحَرَ ; but it is of those adv. ns. that may be used otherwise than as adv. ns.: you say, سِيرَ عَلَى فَرَسِكَ غُدْوَةَ and غُدْوَةً [i. e. Journeying was performed on thy horse, or mare, in the غُدْوَة of this, or of a particular, day, and in a غُدْوَة ,] and غُدْوَةٌ and غُدْوَةٌ [i. e. the journey of the غُدْوَة of this, or of a particular, day, and the journey of a غُدْوَة , was performed (lit. was journeyed) on thy horse, or mare, غُدْوَةُ and غُدْوَةٌ being for. مَسِيرَةُ غُدْوَةَ and مَسِيرَةُ غُدْوَةٍ , like as شَهْرٌ in the Kur xxxiv. 11 is for مَسِيرَةُ شَهْرٍ ]; what is with tenween, of these, being indeterminate, and what is without tenween being determinate. (S. [In one of my copies of the S, سِرْ is put in the place of سِيرَ : that the latter is the right is shown by the addition of غُدْوَةُ and غُدْوَةٌ ; for each of these must be what is termed نَائِبٌ عَنْ فَاعِلٍ i. e. a substitute for an agent.]) See also غَدَاةٌ , in two places.