muḍāriʿـِيَفْعِلُmaṣdarعَزْمٌ عَزِيمَةٌ
Core sense — he determined, resolved, or decided upon it; he strove in itgenerated
1.1he strove, laboured, or toiled in the affair—عَزَمَ
maṣdar عَزْمٌ, عُزْمٌ, عَزْمَةٌ, عُزْمَانٌ, عَزِيمَةٌ, عَزِيمٌ, مَعْزَمٌ, مَعْزِمٌ and عَزَمَهُ, all with the same meaning; and اعتزم عَلَيْهِ and اعتزمهُ and تعزّم [apparently تعزّم عليه, but according to the TK تعزّمهُ].
He determined, resolved, or decided upon it, or upon doing it, namely an affair; he wanted to do it and decided upon it; he settled his heart, or mind, firmly upon doing it.
he strove, laboured, or toiled in his affair—عَزَمَ
Maṣdar عَزِيمَةٌ and عَزْمَةٌ.
he made the affair take effect, and settled it firmly—عَزَمَ الأَمْرَ
Or, according to Ktr, he settled it firmly and confirmed it.
See also عَزْمٌ and عَزِيمَةٌ below.
[And we found him not to have] a quality of deciding an affair—وَلَمْ نَجِدْ لَهُ عَزْمًا
In the Qurʾān 20:114.
[قَدْ أَحْزِمُ لَوْ أَعْزِمُ is a proverb: see the explanation in the article on حزم.]
1.1.1the affair was determined upon—عَزَمَ الأَمْرُ
That is, عُزِمَ عَلَيْهِ.
[And when the affair is determined upon]—فَإِذَا عَزَمَ الأَمْرُ
In the Qurʾān 47:23.
According to Zj, the meaning is: and when the affair is serious, or in earnest, and the command to engage in fight becomes obligatory.
Or the meaning may be فَإِذَا عَزَمَ أَرْبَابُ الأَمْرِ [and when the disposers of the affair determine upon it].
1.1.2he conjured the man—عَزَمَ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ
[that he should surely do such a thing]—لَيَفْعَلَنَّ كَذَا
I make your telling me a decided thing in which there will be no exception—عَزَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ
I conjure you to do such a thing—عَزَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا فَعَلْتَ
I conjure you to do such a thing—لَمَّا فَعَلْتَ
Or: he commanded him, or enjoined him, earnestly.
As though one said: By Allah, I ask nothing of you except this. So says Mtr, referring to the Book of Sb.
[But عَزَمَ is there, by mistake, put for إِلَّا.]
1.1.3the charmer recited charms, or spells—عَزَمَ الرَّاقِى
Here عَزَائِم means charms, or spells, [for the cure of a disease, etc.], as though he conjured the disease.
the serpent-charmer recited charms, or spells—عَزَمَ الحَوَّآءُ
Said when he draws the serpent out, as though he conjured it.
See an example under دَادَ, in the article on دود.
1.1.4he invited to an entertainment—عَزَمَ
This use, derived from the above, belongs to the present day.
1.1.5
Freytag mentions that it often occurs in the book called بغية المستفيد فى مدينة زبيد with the meaning he went, or made his way, to or towards some place; but this meaning is probably post-classical, and is properly expressed by form 8.
Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1
2:227
وَإِنْ عَزَمُوا۟ ٱلطَّلَـٰقَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌBut if their intention is firm for divorce, Allah heareth and knoweth all things.
2:235
وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُم بِهِۦ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ ٱلنِّسَآءِ أَوْ أَكْنَنتُمْ فِىٓ أَنفُسِكُمْ ۚ عَلِمَ ٱللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ سَتَذْكُرُونَهُنَّ وَلَـٰكِن لَّا تُوَاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا إِلَّآ أَن تَقُولُوا۟ قَوْلًا مَّعْرُوفًا ۚ وَلَا تَعْزِمُوا۟ عُقْدَةَ ٱلنِّكَاحِ حَتَّىٰ يَبْلُغَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبُ أَجَلَهُۥ ۚ وَٱعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِىٓ أَنفُسِكُمْ فَٱحْذَرُوهُ ۚ وَٱعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌThere is no blame on you if ye make an offer of betrothal or hold it in your hearts. Allah knows that ye cherish them in your hearts: But do not make a secret contract with them except in terms Honourable, nor resolve on the tie of marriage till the term prescribed is fulfilled. And know that Allah Knoweth what is in your hearts, and take heed of Him; and know that Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Forbearing.
3:159
فَبِمَا رَحْمَةٍ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ لِنتَ لَهُمْ ۖ وَلَوْ كُنتَ فَظًّا غَلِيظَ ٱلْقَلْبِ لَٱنفَضُّوا۟ مِنْ حَوْلِكَ ۖ فَٱعْفُ عَنْهُمْ وَٱسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِى ٱلْأَمْرِ ۖ فَإِذَا عَزَمْتَ فَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُتَوَكِّلِينَIt is part of the Mercy of Allah that thou dost deal gently with them Wert thou severe or harsh-hearted, they would have broken away from about thee: so pass over (Their faults), and ask for (Allah's) forgiveness for them; and consult them in affairs (of moment). Then, when thou hast Taken a decision put thy trust in Allah. For Allah loves those who put their trust (in Him).
47:21
طَاعَةٌ وَقَوْلٌ مَّعْرُوفٌ ۚ فَإِذَا عَزَمَ ٱلْأَمْرُ فَلَوْ صَدَقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ لَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَّهُمْWere it to obey and say what is just, and when a matter is resolved on, it were best for them if they were true to Allah.
Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.
Show Lane's original text
, (S, Msb, K,) aor. عَزِمَ , (Msb, K,) inf. n. عَزْمٌ (S, Msb, K) and عُزْمٌ (S, K) and عَزْمَةٌ (TA) and عُزْمَانٌ (K) and عَزِيمَةٌ and عَزِيمٌ (S, K) and مَعْزَمٌ and مَعْزِمٌ ; (K;) and عَزَمَهُ ; (Msb, K;) both signify the same; (IB, TA;) and اعتزم عَلَيْهِ , (S, K,) and اعتزمهُ ; and تعزّم [app. تعزّم عليه , but accord. to the TK تعزّمهُ ]; (K;) [He determined, resolved, or decided, upon it, or upon doing it, namely, an affair;] he desired to do it, and decided, or determined, upon it; (S, K;) he settled, or determined, his heart, or mind, firmly ( عَقَدَ ضَمِيرَهُ ) upon doing it: (Msb:) or he strove, laboured, or toiled, in it, namely, an affair; or exerted himself or his power or efforts or endeavours or ability therein: (K:) or so عَزَمَ : (TA:) or عَزَمَ , inf. n. عَزِيمَةٌ and عَزْمَةٌ , signifies also he strove, &c., in his affair: (Msb:) and عَزَمَ الأَمْرَ signifies he made the affair to have, or take, effect; and settled it firmly: (Har p. 3:) or, accord. to Ktr, he so settled it, and confirmed it. (Id. p. 105.) [See also عَزْمٌ and عَزِيمَةٌ , below.] وَلَمْ نَجِدْ لَهُ عَزْمًا , in the Kur [xx. 114], means [And we found him not to have] a quality of deciding an affair. (S.) [ قَدْ أَحْزِمُ لَوْ أَعْزِمُ , a prov.: see expl. in art. حزم .] One says also, عَزَمَ الأَمْرُ , meaning عُزِمَ عَلَيْهِ : (K, TA:) and hence, in the Kur [xlvii. 23], فَإِذَا عَزَمَ الأَمْرُ [And when the affair is determined upon]: or the meaning may be, فَإِذَا عَزَمَ أَرْبَابُ الأَمْرِ [and when the disposers of the affair determine upon it]: but accord. to Zj, the meaning is, and when the affair is serious, or earnest, and the command to engage in fight becomes obligatory. (TA.) عَزَمَ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ means He conjured the man: (S, * K, TA:) or he commanded him, or enjoined him, earnestly: لَيَفْعَلَنَّ كَذَا [that he should surely do such a thing]: (TA:) or عَزَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ means I make thy informing me to be a decided thing in which there shall be no exception: and one says also, عَزَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا فَعَلْتَ and لَمَّا فَعَلْتَ [virtually meaning I conjure thee to do such a thing]; as though one said, By Allah, I demand not of thee [aught] save [thy doing] this: so says Mtr, referring to “ the Book ” of Sb. (Har pp. 21 and 22. [But عَزَمَ is there, inadvertently, put for إِلَّا .]) And one says, عَزَمَ الرَّاقِى The charmer recited عَزَائِم , meaning charms, or spells, [for the cure of a disease, &c.;] (K, TA;) as though he conjured the disease [&c.]: and in like manner, عَزَمَ الحَوَّآءُ [The serpent-charmer recited charms, or spells,] is said when he draws forth the serpent; as though he conjured it. (TA.) [See an ex. voce دَادَ , in art. دود . Hence, عَزَمَ is used in the present day as meaning He invited to an entertainment. And Freytag mentions its occurring often in the book entitled بغية المستفيد فى مدينة زبيد as signifying He went, or tended, to, or towards, ( إِلَى ,) some place: but this signification is probably post-classical: it is correctly expressed by 8, q. v.]