عذر

Form 1 · Form 2 · Form 3 · Form 4 · Form 5 · Form 8 · Form 10 · 33 entries · Qur'ānic frequency 12

Form 1عَذَرَهُ11 senses · 5 main

muḍāriʿـِيَفْعِلُ·ـُيَفْعُلُmaṣdarعُذْرٌ إِعْذَارٌ عَذْرٌ

Core sense — he excused him, freed him from blame; he circumcised him; he bridled the horsegenerated

1.1he excused him, freed him from blame, exculpated him; or he accepted his excuse—اعذرهُ

maṣdar عُذْرٌ, عُذُرٌ, عُذْرَى, مَعْذِرَةٌ, and مَعْذُرَةٌ, all of which are also used as simple nouns.

properly, I cancelled evil conduct—عَذَرْتُ

See also above.

From a tradition; that is, He has left him no plea of excuse for his sins, since He has granted him respite for all this length of time and he has not excused himself. Since اعذر is here followed by إِلَى, I do not think this explanation is meant to show that the ا has a privative effect, so that the verb would mean “ he deprived of excuse. ”

4.1.6he exerted himself, acted vigorously, took extraordinary pains, in the affair—فِى الأَمْرِ

So as to render himself excused. For instance in eating: in a tradition one is enjoined to do this when eating with others, apparently with guests and with a host, this having been the custom of the Prophet, for when he ate with others he was the last in eating.

I took extraordinary pains, or exceeded the usual bounds, in exhortation and precept to you—أَعْذَرْتُ إِلَيْكَ

4.1.7

He was remiss, wanting, or deficient; he fell short, or did less than was incumbent on him, feigning (يُرِى; in the CK, wrongly, يُرىٰ) that he was doing the opposite: as though the verb carried two opposite meanings. See also form 2.

4.2[Give me, or obtain for me, my right, or due, from this person]—أَعْذِرْنِى مِنْ هٰذَا

The same as أَنْصَفَ.

That is, أَنْصِفْنِى مِنْهُ.

[Obtain for me my right, or due, from her if I discipline her, or chastise her]—أَعْذِرْنِى مِنْهَا إِنْ أَدَّبْتُهَا

such a one became bound to render an excuse for his conduct to himself—أَعْذَرَ فُلَانٌ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ

Said by the Prophet to Aboo-Bekr, respecting 'Áïsheh; or it means: undertake to excuse me for my conduct to her.

See عَذِيرٌ. Meaning: such a one was destroyed by himself. Yoo.

4.3we were circumcised in one day—كُنَّا إِعْذَارَ يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ

From a tradition.

As meaning “ he circumcised ”: see form 1, latter half.

4.3.1figurative · مجازhe made a feast on the occasion of a circumcision for the people, or party—لِلْقَوْمِ

He prepared such a feast; from the same verb meaning “ he circumcised. ” See also form 2, and see إِعْذَارٌ as a noun.

4.4

اعذر الفَرَسَ and اللِّجَامَ: see form 1, latter half, in five places.

4.4.1

And أَعْذِرْ عَنِّى بَعِيرَكَ: see form 2, near the end.

4.4.2make a mark upon your share—أَعْذِرْ عَلَى نَصِيبِكَ

4.4.3he beat him with whips so as to leave a mark, or marks, on his back—اعذر فِى ظَهْرِهِ

he beat him so that the beating fell heavy on his back and he got relief from his anger—ضَرَبَهُ حَتَّى أَعْذَرَ مَتْنَهُ

he (a man) was beaten so that he was at the point of death—ضُرِبَ فَأُعْذِرَ

In the Tahdheeb of IKtt, فَأَعْذَرَ.

he had wounds inflicted on him so that fear was felt for him because of them—أُعْذِرَ مِنْهُ

he, or it, left a scar upon him—أَعْذَرَ بِهِ

4.4.4I made a mark, or marks, in, or upon, the house, or dwelling—أَعْذَرْتُ الدَّارَ

Also فِى الدَّارِ.

4.5he (a man) voided his ordure—اعذر

4.5.1the house, or dwelling, had much عَذِرَة [or human ordure] in it—اعذرت الدَّارُ

Show Lane's original text

: see 1, in five places from the commencement. Also He had an excuse; [or he was, or became, excusable;] (S, O, K;) and so اعتذر . (S, O, K.) It is said in a prov., أَعْذَرَ مَنْ أَنْذَرَ [He has an excuse, or is excusable, who warns]. (S. [See also below: and see art. نذر . It is held by some in the present day that the ا in اعذر , in this phrase, has a privative effect, and that the meaning is, He deprives of excuse who warns: but for this I have not found any authority.]) And Lebeed says, (S, O, TA,) addressing his two daughters, (O, TA,) and telling them to wail and weep a year for him after his death, (TA,) 1 [Until the end of the year: then the name of peace be an you both: for such as weeps a whole year has become excusable]. (S, O.) You say also, أَعْذَرْتُ عِنْدَ السُّلْطَانِ I got excuse of the Sultán [or ruling power]. (TA.) إِلَى الحَوْلِ ثُمَّ ٱسْمُ السَّلَامِ عَلَيْكُمَا | وَمَنْ يَبْكِ حَوْلًا كَامِلًا فَقَدْ ٱعْتَذَرْ And He manifested an excuse: (K, TA:) in which sense, عُذْرٌ is said to be its inf. n., as well as إِعْذَارٌ ; but the former is correctly a simple subst. (TA.) And He pleaded that by which he should be excused. (TA.) [See also 8.] He did that by which he should be excused. (TA.) He did that in which he should be excused: hence the saying of Zuheyr, * سَتَمْنَعُكُمْ أَرْمَاحُنَا أَوْ سَنُعْذِرُ [Our spears shall prevent you, or shall defend you,] or we will do that in which we shall be excused. (S, O: but in the latter, وَتَمْنَعُكُمْ .) And He exceeded the usual bounds, (A, Mgh, O,) or went to the utmost point, (TA,) in excuse, (A, Mgh, O, TA,) i. e. in being excused. (A.) So in the saying أَعْذَرَ مَنْ أَنْذَرَ [He exceeds the usual bounds in rendering himself excused who warns]. (A, Mgh, O. [See also above, third sentence.]) And it is said in a trad., لَقَدْ أَعْذَرَ ٱللّٰهُ إِلَى مَنْ بَلَغَ مِنَ العُمُرِ سِتِّينَ سَنَةً [app. meaning Verily God hath freed himself from the imputation of injustice to an extraordinary degree, or to the utmost point, to him who hath attained sixty years of age:] i. e. He hath left him no plea for excuse [for his sins], since He hath granted him respite for all this length of time and he hath not excused himself. (TA. [As اعذر is here followed by إِلَى , I do not think that this explanation is meant to show that the ا has a privative effect, and that the verb signifies “ he deprived of excuse. ”]) [Hence,] He exerted himself, acted vigorously, took extraordinary pains, or exceeded the usual bounds, [so as to render himself excused,] (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) فِى الأَمْرِ in the affair; (S, O, Msb;) as, for instance, in eating, in relation to which it occurs in a trad., wherein one is enjoined to do so when eating with others, [app. meaning with guests and with a host,] such having been the custom of the Prophet; for, when he ate with others, he was the last in eating. (TA.) [Hence also,] أَعْذَرْتُ إِلَيْكَ I took extraordinary pains, or exceeded the usual bounds, in exhortation and precept to thee. (TA.) And He was remiss, wanting, deficient, or defective; he fell short, or did less than was incumbent on him; feigning ( يُرِى [in the CK, erroneously, يُرىٰ ]) that he was doing the contrary: as though the verb bore two contrary significations. (K.) [See also 2.] Also I. q. أَنْصَفَ : (O, K:) you say, أَعْذِرْنِى مِنْ هٰذَا i. e. أَنْصِفْنِى مِنْهُ [Give thou me, or obtain for me, my right, or due, from this person]: and hence the saying of the Prophet to Aboo-Bekr, respecting 'Áïsheh, أَعْذِرْنِى مِنْهَا إِنْ أَدَّبْتُهَا [Obtain thou for me my right, or due, from her if I discipline her, or chastise her]: (O:) or this means undertake thou to excuse me [for my conduct to her &c.]: (TA:) and the Arabs say, أَعْذَرَ فُلَانٌ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ [Such a one became bound to render an excuse for his conduct to himself; (see عَذِيرٌ ;)] meaning such a one was destroyed by himself. (Yoo, TA.) As signifying He circumcised: see 1, latter half. It is said in a trad., كُنَّا إِعْذَارَ يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ , meaning We were circumcised in one day. (TA.) Also He made a feast on the occasion of a circumcision, (AZ, Msb, K, TA,) لِلْقَوْمِ for the people, or party: (K:) he prepared such a feast: from the same verb signifying “ he circumcised. ” (TA.) [See also 2: and see إِعْذَارٌ as a subst.] اعذر الفَرَسَ and اللِّجَامَ : see 1, latter half, in five places. And أَعْذِرْ عَنِّى بَعِيرَكَ : see 2, near the end. أَعْذِرْ عَلَى نَصِيبِكَ Make a mark upon thy share. (O.) اعذر فِى ظَهْرِهِ He beat him (O, K) with whips (O) so as to make a mark, or marks, upon his back. (O, K.) And ضَرَبَهُ حَتَّى أَعْذَرَ مَتْنَهُ He beat him so that he made the beating heavy upon his back and obtained from him relief from his anger. (TA.) And ضُرِبَ فَأُعْذِرَ , (S, O, K,) in the Tahdheed of IKtt فَأَعْذَرَ , (TA,) He (a man) was beaten so that he was at the point of death. (S, O, K, TA.) And أُعْذِرَ مِنْهُ He had wounds inflicted upon him so that fear was excited for him in consequence thereof. (O.) And أَعْذَرَ بِهِ He, or it, left a scar upon him. (O, * TA.) And أَعْذَرْتُ الدَّارَ and فِى الدَّارِ I made a mark, or marks, in, or upon, the house, or dwelling. (O.) اعذر also signifies He (a man, TA) voided his ordure. (O, K.) And اعذرت الدَّارُ The house, or dwelling, had in it much عَذِرَة [or human ordure]. (S, O.)

Form 5تعذّر7 senses · 3 main

Core sense — he held back, he drew back; he fled; the affair became difficultgenerated

5.1

See form 8, in three places.

5.1.1

He went backwards, drew back, remained behind, or held back; or he held back, or withheld himself, for a cause that made him excused. See تَغَدَّرَ.

5.1.2they fled from him, and held back from aiding, or assisting, him—تعذّروا عَلَيْهِ

He fled.

5.1.3he used to resist, and be difficult, in his malady—كَانَ يَتَعَذَّرُ فِى مَرَضِهِ

From a tradition respecting Mohammad.

He resisted, and was difficult.

5.1.4the affair was not direct in its tendency; it was, or became, difficult—تعذّر الأَمْرُ

the affair was, or became, difficult to him—تعذّر عَلَيْهِ الأَمْرُ

on this sense Also: the affair was, or became, impracticable, or impossible.

5.2the رسم, that is, the trace, or relic, of an abode or of a place of sojourning, became effaced—تعذّر الرَّسْمُ

Also اعتذر, or: it became altered and effaced.

the places of alighting, or abode, had their traces, or remains, effaced—اعتذرت المَنَازِلُ

5.3he, or it, became defiled, or besmeared, with عَذِرَة [or human ordure]—تعذّر

From العَذِرَةُ.

Show Lane's original text

: see 8, in three places. Also He went backwards; drew back; remained behind; or held back: (K:) or he held back, or withheld himself, for a cause rendering him excused. (TA voce تَغَدَّرَ , q. v.) And He fled. (K.) You say, تعذّروا عَلَيْهِ They fled from him, and abstained from aiding, or assisting, him, or held back from him. (O.) And He resisted, and was difficult: it is said in a trad., [respecting Mohammad,] كَانَ يَتَعَذَّرُ فِى مَرَضِهِ He used to resist, and be difficult, in his malady. (TA.) And تعذّر الأَمْرُ (O, K, TA) The affair was not direct in its tendency; (K, TA;) i. e. (TA) it was, or became, difficult: one says, تعذّر عَلَيْهِ الأَمْرُ The affair was, or became, difficult to him. (O, Msb, TA.) [And The affair was, or became, impracticable, or impossible.] تعذّر الرَّسْمُ The رسم [i. e. trace, or relic, of an abode, or of a place of sojourning, &c.,] became effaced; (S, O, K;) as also اعتذر : (S, *, O, * K:) or became altered and effaced: and اعتذرت المَنَازِلُ the places of alighting, or abode, had their traces, or remains, effaced. (TA.) And تعذّر (from العَذِرَةُ , S, O) He, or it, became defiled, or besmeared, (S, O, K) with عَذِرَة [or human ordure]. (K.)

Form 8اعتذر8 senses · 5 main

maṣdarاِعْتِذَارٌ اِعِذَّارٌmuḍāriʿيَعَذِّرُ يَعِذِّرُ

Core sense — he excused himself, he urged an excuse for himself; he complained of itgenerated

8.1he excused himself; he adduced, or urged, an excuse, or a plea, for himself—تعذّر

and, as quasi-maṣdars, عِذْرَةٌ and مَعْذِرَةٌ.

For اعتذر one also says اِعَذَّرَ; and it is allowable to say اِعِذِّرَ, but the first of these two variations is the more approved. In the first case the original is changed to اِعَتْذَرَ, then to اِعَذْذَرَ, then to اِعَذَّرَ; in the second, to اِعْتْذَرَ, then to اِعِتْذَرَ, then to اِعِذْذَرَ, then to اِعِذْرَ, and then to اِعِذِّرَ.

See عُذْرٌ.

he excused himself to me; he begged me to accept his excuse—اعتذر إِلَىَّ

I excused myself to the man—تَعَذَّرْتُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ

AZ says: I have heard two Arabs of the desert, one of the tribe of Temeem and one of the tribe of Keys, use it in the sense of اِعْتَذَرْتُ.

he excused himself for his crime, sin, or misdeed; or he asserted himself to be clear of it—اعتذر مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ

Also تعذّر.

he showed, or manifested, his excuse for his deed—اعتذر عَنْ فِعْلِهِ

Or مِنْ فعله.

It is said that the primary meaning of الاِعْتِذَارُ is the cutting a man off from the object of his want, and from that to which he clings in his heart.

he excused himself for not complying with a claim, or request—اعتذر

8.1.1

See also form 4, in two places near the beginning.

8.1.2

Also: he did not adduce an excuse. So it has two opposite meanings. See also form 2.

8.2he complained of him, or of it—مِنْهُ

8.3the waters stopped, ceased, or became cut off—اعتذرت المِيَاهُ

8.3.1

See also form 5, in the sentence before the last, in two places.

8.4he made the turban have two portions, its two ends, hanging down behind—اعتذر العِمَامَةَ

8.5

الاِعْتِذَارُ also signifies the taking of a girl's virginity. See عُذْرَةٌ.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 8

9:66

لَا تَعْتَذِرُوا۟ قَدْ كَفَرْتُم بَعْدَ إِيمَـٰنِكُمْ ۚ إِن نَّعْفُ عَن طَآئِفَةٍ مِّنكُمْ نُعَذِّبْ طَآئِفَةًۢ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا۟ مُجْرِمِينَ

Make ye no excuses: ye have rejected Faith after ye had accepted it. If We pardon some of you, We will punish others amongst you, for that they are in sin.

9:94

يَعْتَذِرُونَ إِلَيْكُمْ إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ ۚ قُل لَّا تَعْتَذِرُوا۟ لَن نُّؤْمِنَ لَكُمْ قَدْ نَبَّأَنَا ٱللَّهُ مِنْ أَخْبَارِكُمْ ۚ وَسَيَرَى ٱللَّهُ عَمَلَكُمْ وَرَسُولُهُۥ ثُمَّ تُرَدُّونَ إِلَىٰ عَـٰلِمِ ٱلْغَيْبِ وَٱلشَّهَـٰدَةِ فَيُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ

They will present their excuses to you when ye return to them. Say thou: "Present no excuses: we shall not believe you: Allah hath already informed us of the true state of matters concerning you: It is your actions that Allah and His Messenger will observe: in the end will ye be brought back to Him Who knoweth what is hidden and what is open: then will He show you the truth of all that ye did."

66:7

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ لَا تَعْتَذِرُوا۟ ٱلْيَوْمَ ۖ إِنَّمَا تُجْزَوْنَ مَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ

(They will say), "O ye Unbelievers! Make no excuses this Day! Ye are being but requited for all that ye did!"

77:36

وَلَا يُؤْذَنُ لَهُمْ فَيَعْتَذِرُونَ

Nor will it be open to them to put forth pleas.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

, (S, O, Msb, &c.,) inf. n. اِعْتِذَارٌ , (S, O, TA,) and [quasi-inf. ns.] عِذْرَةٌ and مَعْذِرَةٌ ; (TA;) and for اعتذر one says also اِعَذَّرَ , aor. يَعَذِّرُ , inf. n. اِعِذَّارٌ ; and it is allowable to say اِعِذِّرَ , aor. يَعِذِّرُ ; but the former of these two variations is the more approved; (AHeyth, TA;) [in the former case, the original being changed to اِعَتْذَرَ , then to اِعَذْذَرَ , then to اِعَذَّرَ ; and in the latter case, to اِعْتْذَرَ , then to اِعِتْذَرَ , then to اِعِذْذَرَ , then to اِعِذْرَ , and then to اِعِذِّرَ ;] He excused himself; he adduced, or urged, an excuse, or a plea, for himself; (Fr, S, * O, * TA;) as also تعذّر . (S, O, K.) [See عُذْرٌ .] You say, اعتذر إِلَىَّ [He excused himself to me;] he begged me to accept his excuse; (Msb;) and AZ says, I have heard two Arabs of the desert, one of the tribe of Temeem and one of the tribe of Keys, say, تَعَذَّرْتُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ in the sense of اِعْتَذَرْتُ [i. e. I excused myself to the man]. (TA.) And اعتذر مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ (S, * O, * TA) and تعذّر (TA) [He excused himself, or urged an excuse, for his crime, sin, or misdeed: or] he asserted himself to be clear of his crime, sin, or misdeed. (TA.) And اعتذر عَنْ فِعْلِهِ [or مِنْ فعله ] He showed, or manifested, his excuse for his deed. (Msb.) [It is said that] the primary meaning of الاِعْتِذَارُ is The cutting a man off from the object of his want, and from that to which he clings in his heart. (TA.) [Hence, perhaps, one says اعتذر meaning He excused himself for not complying with a claim, or request.] See also 4, in two places, near the beginning. Also He did not adduce an excuse. (Fr, TA.) [Thus it has two contr. significations. See also 2.] Also He complained, (O, Msb, K,) مِنْهُ of him, or it. (Msb.) And اعتذرت المِيَاهُ The waters stopped, ceased, or became cut off. (O, K.) See also 5, last sentence but one, in two places. And اعتذر العِمَامَةَ He made the turban to have two portions [its two ends] hanging down behind. (O, K.) And الاِعْتِذَارُ signifies also The act of devirginating. (S, O, [See عُذْرَةٌ .])

Form 10استعذر مِنْ فُلَانٍ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — he asked to be excused for punishing such a onegenerated

10.1he asked, or desired, to be excused if he should lay violent hands upon such a one, or requite him for an evil action—مَنْ عَذِيرِى مِنْ فُلَانٍ

he said to Aboo-Bekr: undertake to excuse me for my conduct to 'Áïsheh if I discipline her, or chastise her—اِسْتَعْذَرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ مِنْ عَائِشَةَ

From a tradition of the Prophet.

10.1.1By God, you did not offer me any excuse, nor did you offer any warning—وَٱللّٰهِ مَا ٱسْتَعْذَرْتَ إِلَىَّ وَلَا ٱسْتَنْذَرْتَ

Said to one who has neglected to give information of a thing, or to one who reproves you for a thing before giving you any command, order, or injunction about it.

Show Lane's original text

He asked, or desired, to be excused if he should lay violent hands upon such a one [or requite him for an evil action]; he said, مَنْ عَذِيرِى مِنْ فُلَانٍ . (A, TA.) It is said in a trad. of the Prophet, اِسْتَعْذَرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ مِنْ عَائِشَةَ i. e. He said to Aboo-Bekr, Undertake thou to excuse me for my conduct to 'Áïsheh if I discipline her, or chastise her. (O, * TA.) And one says to him who has neglected the giving information of a thing, (A, TA,) or to him who reproves thee for a thing before giving thee any command, or order, or injunction, respecting it, (O, TA,) وَٱللّٰهِ مَا ٱسْتَعْذَرْتَ إِلَىَّ وَلَا ٱسْتَنْذَرْتَ By God, thou didst not offer to me excuse, nor didst thou offer warning. (A, O, TA.)

Derived nouns 26

Nounعُذْرٌ5 senses · 3 main

Core sense — an excuse, an apology, a plea; success, victorygenerated

1an excuse; an apology; a plea by which one excuses himself [or another]—عُذُرٌ

Also عِذْرَةٌ, عُذْرَى, مَعْذِرَةٌ, مَعْذُرَةٌ, and مَعْذَرَةٌ, all as simple nouns, but all except the third and the last also mentioned as maṣdars.

According to the B, عُذْرٌ — as a noun from اِعْتَذَرَ or from أَعْذَرَ — is of three kinds: saying “ I did it not ”; saying “ I did it for such a cause, ” mentioning what might exempt him from being culpable; and saying “ I did it, but will not do it again, ” or the like, this third kind being the same as تَوْبَةٌ.

The plural of عُذْرٌ is أَعْذَارٌ; that of عِذْرَةٌ is عِذَرٌ; and that of معذرة is مَعَاذِرُ and, irregularly, مَعَاذِيرُ and عَذِيرٌ, of which عُذْرٌ, or عُذُرٌ, may be the plural, and is synonymous with عُذْرٌ and معذرة; and مِعْذَارٌ is likewise synonymous with عُذْرٌ.

[Excuses are lies]—المَعَاذِرُ مَكَاذِبُ

A proverb.

[Excuses have lying mixed in with them]—إِنَّ المَعَاذِيرَ يَشُوبُهَا الكَذِبُ

Said by Ibráheem En-Nakha'ee.

Lane cites “Bd in lxxvii. 6” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given

Lane cites “Bd in lxxv. 15” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given

1.1for excusing or for terrifying—عُذْرًا أَوْ نُذْرًا

In the Qur'ān 77:6; also read أَوْ نُذُرًا and عُذُرًا. Here the two nouns are maṣdars.

Or: for excuses or warnings, the two nouns being plurals, of عَذِيرٌ in the sense of معذرة and of نَذِيرٌ in the sense of إِنْذَارٌ; or: such as excuse and such as warn, the two nouns being plurals of عَاذِرٌ and مُنْذِرٌ. According to Th, both mean the same. See also نُذْرٌ.

1.2do that for which you will be excused, and do not merely warn—عُذْرَاكَ لَا نُذْرَاكَ

The Arabs say this; that is, أَعْذِرْ وَلَا تُنْذِرْ.

Apparently meaning: inflict punishment when it is deserved, and do not merely warn and put in fear. See art. نذر.

2success; the attainment of one's wants; victory in a contest—عُذْرٌ

whose is the success, or victory?—لِمَنَ العُذْرُ

Said with respect to a war or a battle.

See also عُذْرَةٌ in five places; and see عِذَارٌ, last quarter.

Qur’ānic occurrences عُذْر

18:76

قَالَ إِن سَأَلْتُكَ عَن شَىْءٍۭ بَعْدَهَا فَلَا تُصَـٰحِبْنِى ۖ قَدْ بَلَغْتَ مِن لَّدُنِّى عُذْرًا

(Moses) said: "If ever I ask thee about anything after this, keep me not in thy company: then wouldst thou have received (full) excuse from my side."

77:6

عُذْرًا أَوْ نُذْرًا

Whether of Justification or of Warning;-

Show Lane's original text

(Msb, K) and عُذُرٌ (Msb) and عِذْرَةٌ (S, O, K) and عُذْرَى (S, Msb) and مَعْذِرَةٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and مَعْذُرَةٌ and مَعْذَرَةٌ (K) [all as simple substs., but all except the third and the last mentioned also as inf. ns.,] An excuse; an apology; a plea whereby one excuses himself [or another]: accord. to the B, عُذْرٌ [as a subst. from اِعْتَذَرَ or from أَعْذَرَ ] is of three kinds; the saying “ I did it not; ” and the saying “ I did it for such a cause, ” mentioning what might exempt him from being culpable; and the saying “ I did it, but will not do it again, ” or the like; which third kind is the same as تَوْبَةٌ : (TA:) the pl. of عُذْرٌ is أَعْذَارٌ ; (Msb, K;) and that of عِذْرَةٌ is عِذَرٌ ; (O;) and that of معذرة is [ مَعَاذِرُ , and, irregularly,] مَعَاذِيرُ : (TA:) and عَذِيرٌ , of which عُذْرٌ , (Ksh,) or عُذُرٌ , (Bd,) may be pl., is syn. with [ عُذْرٌ and] معذرة ; (Ksh and Bd in lxxvii. 6;) and مِعْذَارٌ is [likewise] syn. with عُذْرٌ . (Bd in lxxv. 15.) It is said in a prov., المَعَاذِرُ مَكَاذِبُ [Excuses are lies]. (TA.) And it was said by Ibráheem En-Nakha'ee, إِنَّ المَعَاذِيرَ يَشُوبُهَا الكَذِبُ [Verily excuses, lying mixes therewith]. (S, O.) عُذْرًا أَوْ نُذْرًا , in the Kur [lxxvii. 6], or أَوْ نُذُرًا , عُذُرًا , (Bd,) means For excusing or terrifying; the two ns. being inf. ns.: or for excuses or warnings; the two ns. being pls., of عَذِيرٌ in the sense of معذرة and of نَذِيرٌ in the sense إِنْذَارٌ : or such as excuse and such as warn; the two ns. being pls. of عَاذِرٌ and مُنْذِرٌ : (Ksh, Bd:) or, accord. to Th, both mean the same. (TA.) [See also نُذْرٌ .] And the Arabs say, عُذْرَاكَ لَا نُذْرَاكَ i. e. أَعْذِرْ وَلَا تُنْذِرْ [app. meaning Do that for which thou wilt be excused, by inflicting punishment when it is deserved, and do not merely warn, and put in fear]. (TA in art. نذر .) عُذْرٌ also signifies Success; or the attainment, or accomplishment, of one's wants, or of a thing: (IAar, O, K:) and victory, or success in a contest. (O, K.) One says, with respect to a war or a battle, لِمَنَ العُذْرُ Whose is the success, or victory? (O.) See also عُذْرَةٌ , in five places: and see عِذَارٌ , last quarter.

Nounعَذِرٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — showing many traces, or relics; said of land, yielding little herbagegenerated

1a house, or dwelling, of which there are many traces, or relics—دَارٌ عَذِرَةٌ

An adjective of which I find only the feminine, with ة, mentioned.

1.1land that does not yield herbage freely, and if it gives growth to anything, this soon becomes blighted—أَرْضٌ عَذِرَةٌ

See art. عثر.

Show Lane's original text

[an epithet of which I find only the fem., with ة , mentioned]. دَارٌ عَذِرَةٌ means A house, or dwelling, of which there are many traces, or relics. (O.) And أَرْضٌ عَذِرَةٌ Land that does not yield herbage freely, and if it give growth to anything, this soon becomes blighted. (O and TA in art. عثر .)

Nounعُذُرٌ2 senses

Core sense — an excuse, an apologygenerated

See عُذْرٌ in three places.

Also the plural of عِذَارٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see عُذْرٌ , in three places. Also pl. of عِذَارٌ [q. v.]. (S, O, Msb, K.)

Nounعُذْرَةٌ10 senses · 1 main

Core sense — virginity, the hymen; circumcision; a pain in the fauces affecting childrengenerated

The virginity, maidenhead, or hymen; the same as بَكَارَةٌ, or قِضَّةٌ.

So called from عَذْرٌ, meaning the “ act of cutting, ” because a girl's hymen is rent when her virginity is taken; العُذْرَةُ is that by which a girl is a virgin.

عُذْرٌ perhaps means the same; see an example under أَرِيمٌ.

Plural عُذَرٌ.

1.1figurative · مجاز[literally: such a one is the father, that is, the author, of the taking of her virginity]—فُلَانٌ أَبُو عُذْرِهَا

The taking of the virginity of a girl or woman; عُذْرٌ is used in the same sense.

Meaning: such a one is he who took her virginity. Also ابو عُذْرَتِهَا.

[He was the first utterer of this speech]—هُوَ أَبُو عَذْرِ هٰذَا الكَلَامِ

you are not the first utterer of this speech—مَا أَنْتَ بِذِى عُذْرِ هٰذَا الكَلَامِ

But see a statement of Sb cited under شِعْرٌ.

1.2

And the part in the external organs of generation of a girl or woman termed بَظْر; the place in a girl where the operation of circumcision is performed: so called from عَذْرٌ, meaning the “ act of cutting. ” See also العَاذُورُ.

1.3

And the prepuce of a boy: so according to Lh, who does not say whether it is so called before or after it has been cut off; said by others to be the portion of skin which the circumciser cuts off.

1.4the time of the circumcision of the boy drew near—دَنَا وَقْتُ عُذْرَةِ الصَّبِىِّ

And circumcision; the same as خِتَانٌ.

1.5

And a sign, or mark; the same as عَلَامَةٌ, as also عُذْرٌ. See also عِذَارٌ, last quarter.

1.6

And the hair upon the withers of a horse; and, according to As, a lock, or small quantity, of hair.

And the نَاصِيَة, or forelock of a horse; the hair of the نَاصِيَة of a horse; or, according to some, the mane of a horse.

Plural عُذَرٌ, which some say means hairs extending from the back of the head to the middle of the neck; and, as plural of عُذْرَةٌ, a sign, mark, or token tied to the forelock of a horse that outstrips the rest, as a protection from the evil eye.

1.7

العُذْرَةُ is the name of five stars at the end of the Milky Way; or, as some say, below Sirius, and also called العَذَارَى — apparently the star e of Canis Major, which our astronomers call “ adara, ” often written “ adard, ” with four other neighbouring stars — which rise at dawn in the midst of the heat.

And some say العُذْرَةُ is a star at whose dawn rising the heat becomes intense — apparently the star h of Canis Major, which our astronomers call “ aludra ”; it rises at dawn, in Central Arabia, in the latter part of July, Old Style, after Sirius and before Canopus, and is accompanied by intense heat, without wind, taking away the breath.

1.8

Also pain in the fauces, arising from the blood; as also العَاذُورُ, or العَادُورَآءُ, thus in some copies of the K and in the CK; or pain of the fauces, in a part near the uvula, arising from the blood.

It is said to be a small swelling, or pustule, that comes forth in the خَرْم — apparently the uvula, as being a projection from the soft palate — which is between the fauces and the nose.

It affects children at the time of the dawn rising of العُذْرَة, the star that rises after Sirius, mentioned above; on that occasion a woman takes a piece of rag, twists it tightly, and inserts it into the nose so as to pierce that place, whereupon black blood issues from it, and sometimes it becomes ulcerated. This piercing is called الدَّغْرُ; then they hang on the child something such as the amulet called عُوذَة. See form 1 in art. دغر.

1.9

It also means the place of the pain mentioned above, which is near the uvula.

Show Lane's original text

The virginity, maidenhead, or hymen; syn. بَكَارَةٌ , (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) or قِضَّةٌ ; so called from عَذْرٌ signifying the “ act of cutting, ” because a girl's hymen ( خَاتَمُ عُذْرَتِهَا ) is rent when she is devirginated; (Lh, Az, TA;) العُذْرَةُ being that whereby a girl is a virgin: (Lh, TA:) [and عُذْرٌ perhaps signifies the same: (see an ex. voce أَرِيمٌ ; and see also the next sentence here following:)] pl. عُذَرٌ . (Msb.) And Devirgination of a girl [or woman]: (Lh, K:) [and عُذْرٌ is used in the same sense:] one says, فُلَانٌ أَبُو عُذْرِهَا (S, A, O, K) and ابو عُذْرَتِهَا (TA) [lit. Such a one is the father, i. e. the author, of her devirgination]; meaning such a one is he who devirginated her. (S, A, O, K, TA.) And [hence] one says also, هُوَ أَبُو عَذْرِ هٰذَا الكَلَامِ [He was the first utterer of this speech]. (A.) And مَا أَنْتَ بِذِى عُذْرِ هٰذَا الكَلَامِ Thou art not the first utterer of this speech. (S, O, TA. [But see an assertion of Sb cited voce شِعْرٌ .]) And The [part in the external organs of generation of a girl or woman termed] بَظْر [q. v.]; (K;) the place of a girl where the operation of circumcision is performed: so called from عَذْرٌ signifying the “ act of cutting. ” (Lh, Az, TA.) [See also العَاذُورُ .] And The prepuce of a boy: (O, K:) so accord. to Lh, who does not say whether it be so called before or after it has been cut off: said by others to be the portion of skin which the circumciser cuts off. (TA.) And Circumcision; syn. خِتَانٌ . (K.) One says, دَنَا وَقْتُ عُذْرَةِ الصَّبِىِّ The time of the circumcision of the boy drew near. (TK.) And A sign, or mark; syn. عَلَامَةٌ ; (O, K, TA;) as also عُذْرٌ . (TA.) See also عِذَارٌ , last quarter. And The hair upon the withers of a horse: (S, O, K:) and, (K,) accord. to As, (S, O,) a lock, or small quantity, of hair: (S, O, K:) and the نَاصِيَة [or forelock of a horse]; (K;) the hair of the نَاصِيَة of a horse: (A:) or, accord. to some, the mane of a horse: (TA:) pl. عُذَرٌ : (S, O, TA:) which is said by some to mean hairs [extending] from the back of the head to the middle of the neck: (TA:) and, as pl. of عُذْرَةٌ , a sign, mark, or token, that is tied to the forelock of a horse that outstrips, [as a preservative] from the [evil] eye. (Ham p. 795.) And العُذْرَةُ is the appellation of Five stars at the extremity of the Milky Way: (S, O, K:) or, as some say, below Sirius, and also called العَذَارَى , [app. the star e of Canis Major (which is called by our astronomers “ adara, ” often written “ adard, ”) with four other neighbouring stars,] which rise [aurorally] in the midst of the heat: (TA:) and, (O, K, TA,) as some say, (O, TA,) العُذْرَةُ is a star at the time of the [auroral] rising of which the heat becomes intense; (O, K, TA;) [app. the star h of Canis Major (which is called by our astronomers “ aludra ”);] it rises [aurorally, in Central Arabia, in the latter part of July O. S.,] after Sirius and before Canopus, and is accompanied with intense heat, without wind, taking away the breath. (O, TA.) Also (i. e. العُذْرَةُ ) Pain in the fauces, (Mgh, K,) [arising] from the blood; (Mgh;) as also العَاذُورُ , (K, accord. to the TA,) or العَادُورَآءُ ; (thus in some copies of the K, and thus accord. to the CK;) or pain of the fauces, (S, O, K,) in a part near the uvula, (S, O,) [arising] from the blood: (S, O, K:) it is said to be a small swelling, or pustule, that comes forth in the خَرْم [app. meaning the uvula, as being a projection from the soft palate,] which is between the fauces and the nose: it is incident to children, at the time of the [auroral] rising of العُذْرَة , i. e. the star that rises after Sirius, mentioned above; and on the occasion thereof, a woman has recourse to a piece of rag, which she twists tightly, and inserts into the nose so as to pierce that place, whereupon there issues from it black blood, and sometimes it becomes ulcerated; and this piercing is called الدَّغْرُ : then they suspended to the child some such thing as the [amulet termed] عُوذَة . (TA. [See 1 in art. دغر .]) It also signifies The place of the pain above mentioned, (S, O, K,) which is near the uvula. (S, O.)

Nounعِذْرَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a mode, or manner, of excusing; an excusegenerated

See عُذْرٌ in two places; and see also form 8. By analogy it means a mode, or manner, of excusing.

Show Lane's original text

: see عُذْرٌ , in two places: and see also 8. [Accord. to analogy, it signifies A mode, or manner, of excusing.]

Nounعَذِرَةٌ4 senses · 1 main

Core sense — human ordure; the court, or yard, of a house; the refuse of wheatgenerated

Human dung or ordure; as also عَاذِرٌ and عَاذِرَةٌ. Plural of the first, which is the most common, عَذِرَاتٌ; and of the second, عُذَرٌ.

1.1figurative · مجاز[What is the matter with you that you will not cleanse] the courts, or yards, of your houses?—مَا لَكُمْ لَا تُنَظِّفُونَ عَذِرَاتِكُمْ

And hence the court, or yard, of a house: so called because the human ordure used to be cast in it.

Or, according to As, this is the primary meaning, and what is mentioned before is so called because it is cast in the فناء, just as it is called غَائِط because it is cast in the عائط, which means “ a depressed piece of ground ”; so says A 'Obeyd. Plural as above. And مَعَاذِرُ, plural of مَعْذَرٌ, which literally means a place of human dung or ordure, is synonymous with عَذِرَاتٌ in the sense of أَفْنِيَةٌ, plural of فِنَآءٌ.

[The Jews are the most stinking of God's creatures] in respect of the court, or yard, of the house—اليَهُودُ أَنْتَنُ خَلْقِ ٱللّٰهِ عَذِرَةً

he is clear in respect of the court, or yard, of the house—إِنَّهُ لَبَرِىْءُ العَذِرَةِ

Related of 'Alee, who reproved some persons with these words.

From a tradition of the Prophet; or the meaning may be: in respect of ordure.

A proverb, a phrase like بَرِىْءُ السَّاحَةِ; apparently meaning clear of disgrace.

1.2figurative · مجاز — inferred

Also a place where people sit in the court, or yard, of the house.

1.3figurative · مجاز — inferred

And the worst of what comes forth from wheat or corn, and is thrown away when it is cleared; as also عَذِبَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text

Human dung or ordure; (S, * O, * Msb, K, TA;) as also عَاذِرٌ (IAar, IDrd, O, L, K, TA) and عَاذِرَةٌ : (O, K:) pl. of the first [which is the most common] عَذِرَاتٌ , (Msb,) and of ↓ the second عُذَرٌ . (IAar, TA.) And hence, (S, O, Msb,) The court, or yard, ( فِنَآء ,) of a house: (S, O, Msb, K, TA:) so called because the human ordure ( العَذِرَة ) used to be cast in it: (S, O, Msb:) or, accord. to As, this is the primary signification; what is before mentioned being so termed because cast in the فناء ; like as it is termed غَائِط because cast in the عائط , which means “ a depressed piece of ground; ” (Har p. 403;) [and] thus says A 'Obeyd: pl. as above: (O, TA:) and مَعَاذِرُ [pl. of مَعْذَرٌ which lit. signifies a place of human dung or ordure] is syn. with عَذِرَاتٌ as meaning أَفْنِيَةٌ [pl. of فِنَآءٌ ]. (Ham p. 677, q. v.) It is related of 'Alee that he reproved some persons, and said, مَا لَكُمْ لَا تُنَظِّفُونَ عَذِرَاتِكُمْ (A, * O, TA) i. e. [What aileth you that ye will not cleanse] the courts, or yards, of your houses? (TA.) And in a trad. (O, TA) of the Prophet (O) it is said, اليَهُودُ أَنْتَنُ خَلْقِ ٱللّٰهِ عَذِرَةً , (A, O, TA,) which may mean [The Jews are the most stinking of God's creatures] in respect of the court, or yard, of the house: or in respect of ordure. (TA.) And it is said in a prov., إِنَّهُ لَبَرِىْءُ العَذِرَةِ , a phrase like بَرِىْءُ السَّاحَةِ [lit. Verily he is clear in respect of the court, or yard, of the house; app. meaning, clear of disgrace]. (TA.) Also A place where people sit (K, TA) in the court, or yard, of the house. (TA.) And The worst of what come forth from wheat or corn ( طَعَام ), (Lh, O, K, TA,) and is thrown away, (Lh, TA,) when it is cleared; (O;) as also عَذِبَةٌ . (Lh, TA.)

Nounعُذْرَى1 sense

Core sense — an excuse, a pleagenerated

See عُذْرٌ in two places.

Show Lane's original text

: see عُذْرٌ , in two places.

Nounعَذْرَآءُ8 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a virgin; a pearl not bored; the sign Virgogenerated

1a virgin girl—جَارِيَةٌ عَذْرَآءُ

A virgin; used as an adjective.

And اِمْرَأَةٌ عَذْرَآءُ, meaning ذَاتُ عَذْرَةٍ, according to IAar alone, so called لِضِيقِهَا from تَعَذَّرَ عَلَيْهِ الأَمْرُ.

Plural عَذَارَى and عَذَارٍ, with the article العَذَارِى, thus written in the S and O and K, and عَذْرَاوَاتٌ, like صَحَارَى.

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredthe sign Virgo—العَذْرَآءُ

Given as the sign السُّنْبُلَةُ, or الجَوْزَآءُ, which is an evident mistake.

1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredcertain stars, described above—العَذَارَى

See عُذْرَةٌ, latter half.

1.3figurative · مجاز — inferreda sort of grapes, black and long, like acorns—أَصَابِعُ العَذَارَى

Likened to the dyed fingers of virgins.

1.4figurative · مجازa pearl not bored—دُرَّةٌ عَذْرَآءُ

1.5figurative · مجازa sand upon which no one has trodden or ridden, because of its height—رَمْلَةٌ عَذْرَآءُ

1.6figurative · مجاز — inferreda kind of collar by which the hands, or arms, are confined together with the neck—العَذْرَآءُ

Or such as is put upon the throat of a man and has not been put upon anyone's neck before; or a thing of iron by which a man is tortured in order to make him confess an affair, or the like, as for instance to extort property. Plural عَذَارَى. Compare the term “ maiden ” applied to an instrument for beheading.

1.7

Also a name of El-Medeeneh, the City of the Prophet, because it has never been abased.

Show Lane's original text

A virgin: (S, O, K:) used as an epithet: you say جَارِيَةٌ عَذْرَآءُ a virgin girl: (TA:) and اِمْرَأَةٌ عَذْرَآءُ , meaning ذَاتُ عَذْرَةٍ : (Msb:) accord. to IAar alone, so called لِضِيقِهَا , from تَعَذَّرَ عَلَيْهِ الأَمْرُ : (TA:) pl. عَذَارَى and عَذَارٍ [with the art. العَذَارِى , and thus written in the S and O and K] (S, O, K, TA) and عَذْرَاوَاتٌ , (S, O, K,) like صَحَارَى [&c.]. (S, O.) [Hence,] العَذْرَآءُ [The sign Virgo;] the sign السُّنْبُلَةُ : or الجَوْزَآءُ [which is an evident mistake]. (K.) And العَذَارَى Certain stars, described above: see عُذْرَةٌ , latter half. And أَصَابِعُ العَذَارَى A sort of grapes, black and long, like acorns; likened to the dyed fingers of virgins. (TA.) And دُرَّةٌ عَذْرَآءُ A pearl not bored. (A, O, K, * TA.) And رَمْلَةٌ عَذْرَآءُ A sand upon which one has not trodden (A, O, K, * TA) nor ridden, because of its height. (TA.) And العَذْرَآءُ A kind of collar by means of which the hands, or arms, are confined together with the neck: (T, O, TA:) or such as is put upon the throat of a man and has not been put upon the neck of any one before: (TA:) or a thing of iron by means of which a man is tortured in order to make him confess an affair, or the like; (K, TA;) as, for instance, for the purpose of extorting property &c.: pl. عَذَارَى . (TA.) [Compare the term “ maiden ” applied to an instrument for beheading.] Also a name of [El-Medeeneh,] the City of the Prophet: (K, TA:) because of its not having been abased. (TA.)

Nounعِذَارٌ11 senses · 3 main

Core sense — the cheek-strap of a bridle; the side of the beard; a camel's brandgenerated

1figurative · مجاز — inferred[Poverty is more ornamental to the believer than a beautiful cheek-strap, or headstall, upon the cheek of a horse]—لَلْفَقْرُ أَزْيَنُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِ مِنْ عِذَارٍ حَسَنٍ عَلَى خَدِّ فَرَسٍ

An appendage of a horse or the like: the part, or strap, of the bridle that lies, or extends down, upon the cheek, or two cheeks, of the horse or the like. The عَذَارَانِ are the two straps upon the two cheeks of the horse, on the right and left (IDrd, in his Book on the Saddle and Bridle); or, as some say, the عِذَار is the two straps of the bridle that meet at the back of the neck — so it means either of the two cheek-straps, or, according to some, the two cheek-straps together that compose the headstall.

Some say that it is called by the name of its place; others say the reverse. عِذَارُ الرَّسَنِ means the part of the halter corresponding to the cheek-strap, or cheek-straps, of the bridle or headstall; see a verse of Ibn-Mukbil cited under رَسَنٌ.

Plural عُذُرٌ, in the CK عُذْرٌ, just as كُتُبٌ is the plural of كِتَابٌ.

[A horse short in the cheek-strap, or headstall]—فَرَسٌ قَصِيرُ العِذَارِ

From a tradition.

This implies praise, as showing width of the lip. See عِنَانٌ.

عِذَارٌ also means the thing that connects the leading-rope to the head of the he-camel and of the she-camel. And a halter, the same as رَسَنٌ; and مُعَذَّرٌ means a halter having a double عِذَار.

such a one is strong in respect of determination—فُلَانٌ شَدِيدُ العِذَارِ

such a one is weak in respect of determination—فُلَانٌ خَلِيعُ العِذَارِ

Like a horse that has no bridle upon him, and that therefore falls upon his face; or a person who has thrown off restraint. See art. خلع.

he threw off restraint; or he persisted in error—خَلَعَ عِذَارَهُ

Or: he departed from obedience and persisted in error; or he broke off from his family, or disagreed with them, and wearied them by his wickedness; the same as تَشَاطَرَ, as also خلع مُعَذَّرَهُ, or this last means he did not obey a director in the right course. Or, in the first phrase, عِذَار means shame, and خَلَعَ عِذَارَهُ means he divested himself of shame, as a horse casts off his عذار and becomes unruly, overcoming his rider and running away with him. See, again, art. خلع.

he disobeyed him—لَوَى عَنْهُ عِذَارَهُ

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

Also the two sides of the beard; or either side of it; the two sides are called عِذَارَا اللِّحْيَةِ, or العِذَارَانِ, because they are in the place corresponding to that of the عذار of the horse or the like.

Or the hair, of a boy, that grows evenly in the place of the عِذَار; or the hair, of the beard, that descends upon the two jaws; or a man's hair that grows in the place of the عِذَار, the line of the beard; or a man's hair that is in front of the ear, with a whiteness between it and the ear; and the part of the face on which the hair grows in a lengthened form in front of the lobe of the ear, extending to the base of the jaw.

1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredsuch a one is long in the place of the عِذَار—فُلَانٌ طَوِيلُ المُعَذَّرِ

And the cheek; as also مُعَذَّرٌ, which properly means the place of the عِذَار, or the place of the عِذَارَانِ.

1.3figurative · مجاز — inferred

And a mark made on a camel with a hot iron in the place of the عِذَار; as also عُذْرَةٌ.

Or on the back of the neck, extending to the temples: so in the Tedhkireh of Aboo-'Alee, but the first explanation is the better known. El-Ahmar mentions عُذْرٌ as meaning one kind of the marks made with a hot iron.

1.4figurative · مجاز

Also the two sharp sides, or edges — or rather either of these, for both together are called the عِذَارَانِ — of a نَصْل, that is, of the iron head of an arrow or of a spear.

1.5figurative · مجاز

And either side of a road, of a valley, and of a wall.

1.6figurative · مجاز

And a row of trees, or of palm-trees.

1.7figurative · مجاز — inferred

And an elongated tract of sand. The dual, as used in a verse of Dhu-r-Rummeh, means two elongated tracts of sand; or the two sides of it; or two roads.

1.8figurative · مجاز

And a rugged tract of ground, and a tract of sand, lying across in a wide plain; plural عُذُرٌ.