عثو

Form 1 · 7 entries · Qur'ānic frequency 5

Form 1عَثَا2 senses · 1 main

maṣdarعُثُوٌّ عُثِىٌّmuḍāriʿيَعْثُو يَعْثَى يعثا

Core sense — he acted corruptly, he did mischiefgenerated

1.1he acted corruptly, or did mischief, [in the earth]—فِى الأَرْضِ

[according to the CK عَثْوٌ], like سُمُوٌّ and عَثِىَ, which is of the dialect of El-Hijáz and whose maṣdar is عَثًا; and عَثَى, muḍāriʿ يَعْثَى and يَعْثِى, maṣdars عُثِىٌّ, عِثِىٌّ and عَثَيَانٌ.

Or: he did this to the utmost degree.

The muḍāriʿ of one of the dialectal variants occurs in the Qur'ān 2:57, and elsewhere.

Some say that عثا [or عِثَى], is formed by transposition from عَاثَ, muḍāriʿ يَعِيثُ.

Er-Rāghib: عَيْثٌ and عُثِىٌّ, or عِثِىٌّ and عُثُوٌّ, are nearly alike; but عَيْثٌ is mostly used of what is perceived by the senses, and عثىّ and عثوّ of what is perceived by the judgment.

Some say that عثوّ [as also عثىّ] is acting wrongfully, injuriously, or unjustly, and sometimes does not involve acting corruptly; so in art. عيث.

Lh says that عَثِىَ is of the dialect of El-Hijáz and is the more approved form, while عاث is of the dialect of the Benoo-Temeem.

Qur’ān 2:60 approximate — somewhere between 2:55 and 2:61 Lane cites “Kur ii. 57”

Qur’ān 2:60 the verse Lane’s citation points to, and it uses this root

وَإِذِ ٱسْتَسْقَىٰ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِۦ فَقُلْنَا ٱضْرِب بِّعَصَاكَ ٱلْحَجَرَ ۖ فَٱنفَجَرَتْ مِنْهُ ٱثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ عَيْنًا ۖ قَدْ عَلِمَ كُلُّ أُنَاسٍ مَّشْرَبَهُمْ ۖ كُلُوا۟ وَٱشْرَبُوا۟ مِن رِّزْقِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا تَعْثَوْا۟ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ

And remember Moses prayed for water for his people; We said: "Strike the rock with thy staff." Then gushed forth therefrom twelve springs. Each group knew its own place for water. So eat and drink of the sustenance provided by Allah, and do no evil nor mischief on the (face of the) earth.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

1.1.1it was, or became, dry and matted, and was long left uncombed—عَثِىَ

Said of the hair of the head., maṣdar عَثًا.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1 2 shown of 5

11:85

وَيَـٰقَوْمِ أَوْفُوا۟ ٱلْمِكْيَالَ وَٱلْمِيزَانَ بِٱلْقِسْطِ ۖ وَلَا تَبْخَسُوا۟ ٱلنَّاسَ أَشْيَآءَهُمْ وَلَا تَعْثَوْا۟ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ

"And O my people! give just measure and weight, nor withhold from the people the things that are their due: commit not evil in the land with intent to do mischief.

26:183

وَلَا تَبْخَسُوا۟ ٱلنَّاسَ أَشْيَآءَهُمْ وَلَا تَعْثَوْا۟ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ

"And withhold not things justly due to men, nor do evil in the land, working mischief.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

, aor. يَعْثُو , (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. عُثُوٌّ , (K, TA,) [accord. to the CK عَثْوٌ , but] like سُمُوٌّ ; (TA;) and عَثِىَ , aor. يَعْثَى , (S, Msb, K,) which is of the dial. of El-Hijáz, and of which the inf. n. is عَثًا ; (TA;) and عَثَى , aor. يَعْثَى and يَعْثِى ; inf. n. عُثِىٌّ and عِثِىٌّ and عَثَيَانٌ ; (K, TA;) He acted corruptly; or made, or did, mischief: (S, Msb, K:) or did so in the utmost degree: (TA:) فِى الأَرْضِ [in the earth]: (S, TA:) the aor. of one of the dial. vars. occurs in the Kur ii. 57; &c.: some say that عثا , aor. يعثا , [or عِثَى , aor. يَعْثَى ,] is formed by transposition from عَاثَ , aor. يَعِيثُ : (TA:) accord. to Er-Rághib, عَيْثٌ and عُثِىٌّ , or عِثِىٌّ , and عُثُوٌّ are nearly alike; but عَيْثٌ is mostly used in relation to that which is perceived by sense; and عثىّ and عثوّ , in relation to that which is perceived by the [mind or] judgment: some say that عثوّ [as also عثىّ ] is the acting wrongfully, injuriously, or unjustly; and sometimes does not involve the acting corruptly: (MF and TA in art. عيث :) Lh says that عَثِىَ is of the dial. of El-Hijáz, and is the [more] approved form; and عاث is of the dial. of the Benoo-Temeem. (TA in that art.) And عَثِىَ , aor. يَعْثَى , inf.n. عَثًا , said of the hair of the head, It was, or became, dry and matted, and was long left uncombed. (TA.)

Derived nouns 6

Nounعُثًى2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — hair; straggling plants or herbagegenerated

Hair: this is its primary meaning. [See the next entry.]

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredthe plants, or herbage, of the earth dried up, or became yellow—شَابَ عُثَى الأَرْضِ

Figuratively: such as is straggling, of plants or herbage — as the نَصِىّ, the بُهْمَى, and the صِلِّيَان.

So in the Tekmileh; and ISk says the same.

Show Lane's original text

Hair: this is its primary signification. (TA.) [See the next paragraph.] And, metaphorically, Such as is straggling, of plants, or herbage; as the نَصِىّ , and the بُهْمَى , and the صِلِّيَان . (TA.) And [hence] one says, شَابَ عُثَى الأَرْضِ The plants, or herbage, of the earth, dried up, or became yellow: (K:) so in the Tekmileh, and so says ISk. (TA.)

Nounعَثْوَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a long quantity of hair descending below the eargenerated

A long لِمَّة [or quantity of hair descending below the ear or to the shoulder].

Plural عُثًى, like رُبًى; or عُثَّى, like رُبَّى (so in other copies); or عِثًى, like رِبًى (so in my MS. copy of the K, apparently taken from the TA). Of these I hold the first, عُثًى, to be the right one; see the entry just before this.

SM, however, says that it is correctly عِثى, like إِلى, in agreement with what is said in the M, namely that العِثَى means اللِّمَمُ الطِّوَالُ.

Show Lane's original text

A long لِمَّة [or quantity of hair descending below the ear or to the shoulder]: (K:) pl. عُثًى , like رُبًى ; (so in some copies of the K;) or عُثَّى , like رُبَّى ; (so in other copies;) or عِثًى ; like رِبًى ; (so in my MS. copy of the K; [app. taken from the TA; the first of which (i. e. عُثًى ) I hold to be the right; (see the paragraph next preceding this;) though SM says what here follows;]) it is correctly عِثى , like إِلى ; agreeably with what is said in the M, i. e. that العِثَى signifies اللِّمَمُ الطِّوَالُ . (TA.)

Nounعُثْوَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — the state of hair that is dry, matted and long uncombedgenerated

The state of the hair of the head when it has become dry and matted, and has been long left uncombed.

Show Lane's original text

The state of the hair of the head when it has become dry and matted, and has been long left uncombed. (TA.)

Nounعِثْيَانٌ1 sense

Core sense — the male hyenagenerated

See أَعْثَى.

Show Lane's original text

: see أَعْثَى .

Nounعَاثٍ1 sense

Core sense — acting corruptly, doing mischiefgenerated

Acting corruptly; doing mischief.

Show Lane's original text

Acting corruptly; or making, or doing, mischief. (Msb. [See 1.])

Nounأَعْثَى7 senses · 1 main

Core sense — having much hair; the male hyena; inclining to blacknessgenerated

Having much hair; sometimes applied in this sense to a man.

And having a thick beard.

1.1the male hyena—عِثْيَانٌ

the female hyena—عَثْوَآءُ

This is the feminine form; she is so called because of the abundance of her hair.

a number of hyenas together—عُثْوٌ

a number of hyenas together—عُثْىٌ

on this sense The word itself also means the male hyena.

1.2an old woman—عَثْوَآءُ

This is the feminine form.

1.3

And the masculine also means thick, gross, or coarse in size.

1.4

And foolish, or stupid; heavy, or dull.

1.5

And one whose colour inclines to blackness.

1.6

And a colour that inclines to blackness.

Or, according to the M, العثى [perhaps a mistranscription] means a colour inclining to blackness, together with abundance of hair.

Show Lane's original text

Having much hair; (S, K;) sometimes applied in this sense to a man. (S.) And Having a thick beard. (TA.) And The male hyena; (S, K;) as also عِثْيَانٌ : (S:) and [the fem.] عَثْوَآءُ the female hyena; (S, K;) because of the abundance of her hair: (S:) and [the pl.] عُثْوٌ , and عُثْىٌ , a number of hyenas together. (TA.) [The fem.] عَثْوَآءُ is also an appellation applied to An old woman. (S, TA.) And the masc. signifies also Thick, gross, or coarse, in size. (TA.) And Foolish, or stupid, (S, K,) heavy, or dull. (S.) And One whose colour inclines to blackness. (K.) And A colour [itself] that inclines to blackness: (K, TA:) or, accord. to the M, العثى [perhaps a mistranscription] signifies a colour inclining to blackness, with abundance of hair. (TA.)