Form 1ضَوڤاَ1 sense
Core sense — it gave light, it shonegenerated
1.1
See form 4, in two places.
Show Lane's original text
see 4, in two places.
ضوأ
Form 2ضَوَّاَ3 senses · 2 main
maṣdarتَضْوِئَةٌ
Core sense — he brought it to light, he revealed itgenerated
2.1
See the next entry, in two places.
2.1.1[I brought him, or it, to light; I made him, or it, visible; I revealed him, or it]—ضَوَّأْتُ عَنْهُ
[O God, bring it to light]—اَللّٰهُمَّ ضَوِّئْ عَنْهُ
A sheep, or goat, belonging to an Arab of the desert strayed, and he said this.
2.2he turned away from the affair—ضَوَّأَ عَنِ الأَمْرِ
According to Lth, who is the only authority for it known to AM.
.
Show Lane's original text
see the next paragraph, in two places. One says also, ضَوَّأْتُ عَنْهُ [meaning I brought to light, made visible, discovered, or revealed, him, or it]. (M, TA.) A sheep, or goat, belonging to an Arab of the desert strayed; whereupon he said, اَللّٰهُمَّ ضَوِّئْ عَنْهُ [O God, bring it to light, or discover it]. (A, TA.) Accord. to Lth, but he is the only authority for it known by AM, (TA,) ضَوَّأَ عَنِ الأَمْرِ , inf. n. تَضْوِئَةٌ , means He declined, or turned away, from the affair. (K, TA.)
Form 4اضآء5 senses · 2 main
maṣdarإِضَآءٌ ضَوْءٌmuḍāriʿيَضُوْءُ
Core sense — it gave light, it shone; he lighted it upgenerated
4.1it gave light, it was bright, it shone brightly—اضآءت
Said of a thing, for instance of the moon; and said of fire. A 'Obeyd.
Maṣdar إِضَآءٌ and ضَآءَ, or ضَآءَت.
Muḍāriʿ يَضُوْءُ or تَضُوْءُ; maṣdar ضَوْءٌ and ضُوْءٌ, or this last is a simple substantive. The first verb is preferred.
[See also an example of the latter verb in a verse cited under أُفُقٌ, and cited here in the TA.]
[I gave light to him]—أَضَأْتُ لَهُ
4.2[the fire made it light, or bright; made it shine brightly]—أَضَآءَتْهُ النَّارُ
[I made it give light, made it bright, made it shine brightly]—أَضَأْتُهُ
[I made it give light, made it bright, made it shine brightly]—ضَوَّأْتُهُ
[I lighted up the house, or chamber, or tent, with it]—أَضَأْتُ بِهِ البَيْتَ
That is, with a lamp or the like.
[I lighted up the house, or chamber, or tent, with it]—ضَوَّأْتُهُ بِهِ
on this sense The first verb is also transitive.
4.2.1figurative · مجازhe ejected his urine [so as to make its drops glisten]—اضآء بِبَوْلِهِ
Or he emitted it and then stopped it. Synonymous with حَذَفَ بِهِ or خَذَفَ بِهِ, or, as in the A, أَذْرَعَ بِهِ.
4.2.2[how bright it is!]—مَا أَضْوَأَهُ
Mentioned under أَظْلَمَ.
4.2.3he saw (literally, lighted on, or found) light, or brightness—اضآء
Equivalent to أَصَابَ ضَوْءًا. Mentioned under أَظْلَمَ.
Qur’ānic occurrences Form 4
2:17
مَثَلُهُمْ كَمَثَلِ ٱلَّذِى ٱسْتَوْقَدَ نَارًا فَلَمَّآ أَضَآءَتْ مَا حَوْلَهُۥ ذَهَبَ ٱللَّهُ بِنُورِهِمْ وَتَرَكَهُمْ فِى ظُلُمَـٰتٍ لَّا يُبْصِرُونَTheir similitude is that of a man who kindled a fire; when it lighted all around him, Allah took away their light and left them in utter darkness. So they could not see.
2:20
يَكَادُ ٱلْبَرْقُ يَخْطَفُ أَبْصَـٰرَهُمْ ۖ كُلَّمَآ أَضَآءَ لَهُم مَّشَوْا۟ فِيهِ وَإِذَآ أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَامُوا۟ ۚ وَلَوْ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ لَذَهَبَ بِسَمْعِهِمْ وَأَبْصَـٰرِهِمْ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌThe lightning all but snatches away their sight; every time the light (Helps) them, they walk therein, and when the darkness grows on them, they stand still. And if Allah willed, He could take away their faculty of hearing and seeing; for Allah hath power over all things.
24:35
ٱللَّهُ نُورُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ مَثَلُ نُورِهِۦ كَمِشْكَوٰةٍ فِيهَا مِصْبَاحٌ ۖ ٱلْمِصْبَاحُ فِى زُجَاجَةٍ ۖ ٱلزُّجَاجَةُ كَأَنَّهَا كَوْكَبٌ دُرِّىٌّ يُوقَدُ مِن شَجَرَةٍ مُّبَـٰرَكَةٍ زَيْتُونَةٍ لَّا شَرْقِيَّةٍ وَلَا غَرْبِيَّةٍ يَكَادُ زَيْتُهَا يُضِىٓءُ وَلَوْ لَمْ تَمْسَسْهُ نَارٌ ۚ نُّورٌ عَلَىٰ نُورٍ ۗ يَهْدِى ٱللَّهُ لِنُورِهِۦ مَن يَشَآءُ ۚ وَيَضْرِبُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْأَمْثَـٰلَ لِلنَّاسِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عَلِيمٌAllah is the Light of the heavens and the earth. The Parable of His Light is as if there were a Niche and within it a Lamp: the Lamp enclosed in Glass: the glass as it were a brilliant star: Lit from a blessed Tree, an Olive, neither of the east nor of the west, whose oil is well-nigh luminous, though fire scarce touched it: Light upon Light! Allah doth guide whom He will to His Light: Allah doth set forth Parables for men: and Allah doth know all things.
Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.
Show Lane's original text
, (M, Msb, K,) said of a thing, (M,) [as, for instance,] of the moon, (Msb,) or اضآءت , said of fire ( النَّار ,), (A 'Obeyd, S, O,) inf. n. إِضَآءٌ ; (Msb;) and ضَآءَ , (M, Msb, K,) or ضَآءَت , (S, O,) aor. يَضُوْءُ , (M,) or تَضُوْءُ , (S,) inf. n. ضَوْءٌ (S, M, O, Msb, K) and ضُوْءٌ , (S, O, K,) or the latter is a simple subst.; (Msb;) but the former verb is preferred; (TA;) It gave light, was light or bright, shone, or shone brightly. (Msb, K, * TA.) [See also an ex. of ↓ the latter verb in a verse cited voce أُفُقٌ ; and cited here in the TA.] And أَضَأْتُ لَهُ [I gave light to him]. (M.) The former verb is also trans.: you say, أَضَآءَتْهُ النَّارُ [The fire made it to be light or bright, to shine, or to shine brightly]: (S, O:) and أَضَأْتُهُ and ضَوَّأْتُهُ [I made it to give light, to be light or bright, to shine, or to shine brightly]: (M, Msb, * K:) and أَضَأْتُ بِهِ البَيْتَ and ضَوَّأْتُهُ بِهِ [I lighted, or illumined, with it (i. e. with a lamp or the like) the house, or chamber, or tent]. (M.) [Hence,] اضآء بِبَوْلِهِ He ejected his urine [so as to make its drops to glisten]; or emitted it and then stopped it; syn. حَذَفَ بِهِ ; (K, TA;) or خَذَفَ بِهِ ; (so in a copy of the M, as on the authority of Kr;) or, as in the A, أَذْرَعَ بِهِ . (TA.) And they said مَا أَضْوَأَهُ [How light, or bright, is it!]. (S voce أَظْلَمَ [q. v.].) And اضآء signifies also أَصَابَ ضَوْءًا [He saw (lit. lighted on, or found,) light, or brightness]. (T voce أَظْلَمَ [q. v.])
Form 5تضوّأ1 sense
Core sense — he stood in the dark to see others by their firelight, unseengenerated
5.1[he stood in the dark to see a woman by the light of her fire, without her seeing him]—تضوّا ٱمْرَأَةً
He stood in the dark to see people by the light of their fire, without their seeing him.
Show Lane's original text
He stood in the dark to see people by the light of their fire, (AZ, K, TA,) without their seeing him. (AZ, TA.) And تضوّا ٱمْرَأَةً [He stood in the dark to see a woman by the light of her fire, without her seeing him]. (TA.)
Form 10اِسْتَضَأُتُ بِهِ1 sense
Core sense — I sought light by means of it, I used it for lightgenerated
10.1figurative · مجازdo not seek to obtain light by means of the fire of the believers in a plurality of gods—لَا تَسْتَضِيؤُوا بِنَارِ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ
A saying of the Prophet. It means: do not seek counsel, or advice, of the believers in a plurality of gods in your affairs, because a man whose affair is confused and doubtful to him is as though he were in darkness.
[I sought to obtain light by means of it; I made use of it for light.]
Show Lane's original text
[I sought to obtain light by means of it; I made use of it for light]. (M, K.) لَا تَسْتَضِيؤُوا بِنَارِ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ [lit. Seek not ye to obtain light by means of the fire of the people of belief in a plurality of gods], (O, K,) a saying of the Prophet, (O,) means seek not ye counsel, or advice, of the believers in a plurality of gods, in affairs: (O, K:) because he whose affair is confused and dubious to him is as though he were in darkness. (O.)
Derived nouns 4
Nounضَوْءٌ1 sense
Core sense — light, brightnessgenerated
1light, brightness—ضُوْءٌ
light, brightness—ضِيَآءٌ
light, brightness—ضِوَآءٌ
The last of these is written ضَوَآءٌ in the L, which is a mistake.
All signify the same, that is, light, synonymous with نُورٌ, according to the leading lexicologists; but see what follows.
ضَوْءٌ is a maṣdar of ضَآءَ, and so is ضُوْءٌ, or this last is a simple substantive from ضَآءَ; and so is ضِيَآءٌ, which is also sometimes written ضِئَآءٌ, from أَضَآءَ as synonymous with ضَآءَ.
The plural of ضَوْءٌ and ضُوْءٌ is أَضْوَآءٌ; and ضِيَآءٌ is sometimes a plural, as Zj states.
Some say that ضَوْءٌ has a more intensive meaning than نُورٌ, and that this is why God has likened his direction [the Kur-án] to النُّور rather than to الضَّوْء, since otherwise no one would have erred; and that this is also why [in the Kur 10:5] the sun is called ضِيَآء and the moon نُورٌ.
It is also said that ضَوْءٌ means the rays that are spread abroad by what is termed نُورٌ.
The kádee Zekereeyà affirms that these two words are synonymous in their original application, but that ضَوْءٌ is stronger in usage.
Some say that الضَّوْءُ means the light that subsists by itself, like that of the sun and of fire, and النُّورُ that which subsists by something else [as does the light of the moon].
Qur’ān 10:4 approximate — somewhere between 10:1 and 10:16 Lane cites “Kur x. 5”
Qur’ān 10:5 located by this root inside the range Lane’s citation allows
هُوَ ٱلَّذِى جَعَلَ ٱلشَّمْسَ ضِيَآءً وَٱلْقَمَرَ نُورًا وَقَدَّرَهُۥ مَنَازِلَ لِتَعْلَمُوا۟ عَدَدَ ٱلسِّنِينَ وَٱلْحِسَابَ ۚ مَا خَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ ذَٰلِكَ إِلَّا بِٱلْحَقِّ ۚ يُفَصِّلُ ٱلْـَٔايَـٰتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَIt is He Who made the sun to be a shining glory and the moon to be a light (of beauty), and measured out stages for her; that ye might know the number of years and the count (of time). Nowise did Allah create this but in truth and righteousness. (Thus) doth He explain His Signs in detail, for those who understand.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)
Show Lane's original text
and ضُوْءٌ and ضِيَآءٌ (S, M, O, K) and ضِوَآءٌ , (M, K,) the last of which is [erroneously] written in the L ضَوَآءٌ , (TA,) signify the same, (S, M, O, K,) i. e. Light, syn. نُورٌ , (K, TA,) accord. to the leading lexicologists; but see what follows: (TA:) and ضَوْءٌ is an inf. n. of ضَآءَ , (S, M, O, Msb, K,) and so is ضُوْءٌ , (S, O, K,) or this is a simple subst. from ضَآءَ , and so is ضِيَآءٌ , which is also, sometimes, written ضِئَآءٌ , from أَضَآءَ as syn. with ضَآءَ : (Msb:) the pl. of ضَوْءٌ (M, TA) and ضُوْءٌ (M) is أَضْوَآءٌ ; and ضِيَآءٌ is sometimes a pl., (M, TA,) as Zj states it to be: (TA:) some say that ضَوْءٌ has a more intensive signification than نُورٌ , and that hence God has likened his direction [the Kur-án] to النُّور rather than to الضَّوْء ; because if it were otherwise, no one had erred: and that hence, also, [in the Kur x. 5,] the sun is termed ضِيَآء ; and the moon, نُورٌ : it is also said that ضَوْءٌ signifies the rays that are diffused by what is termed نُورٌ : the kádee Zekereeyà affirms that these two words are syn. by their original application, but that ضَوْءٌ is more forcible accord. to usage: and some say that الضَّوْءُ signifies that [light] which subsists by itself, as [that of] the sun, and fire; and النُّورُ , to that which subsists by some other thing [as does the light of the moon]. (MF, TA.)
Nounضُوْءٌ1 sense
Core sense — light, brightnessgenerated
1
See the preceding entry, in three places.
Show Lane's original text
: see the next preceding paragraph, in three places.
Nounضِوَآءٌ1 sense
Core sense — light, brightnessgenerated
1
See ضَوْءٌ.
Show Lane's original text
: see ضَوْءٌ .
Nounضِيَآءٌ1 sense
Core sense — light, brightnessgenerated
1
This, and ضِئَآءٌ: see ضَوْءٌ, in five places.
Qur’ānic occurrences ضِيَآء 1 shown of 3
21:48
وَلَقَدْ ءَاتَيْنَا مُوسَىٰ وَهَـٰرُونَ ٱلْفُرْقَانَ وَضِيَآءً وَذِكْرًا لِّلْمُتَّقِينَIn the past We granted to Moses and Aaron the criterion (for judgment), and a Light and a Message for those who would do right,-
Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.
Show Lane's original text
and ضِئَآءٌ : see ضَوْءٌ , in five places.