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ضر

Form 1 · Form 3 · Form 4 · Form 5 · Form 6 · Form 8  ·  31 entries  ·  Qur'ānic frequency 74

Form 1ضَرَّهُ4 senses · 2 main
muḍāriʿـُيَفْعُلُيَضُرُّmaṣdarضَرٌّ إِضْرَارٌ ضَرَارَةٌ

Core sense — he, or it, harmed, injured, or hurt him; he became blindgenerated

1.1he, or it, harmed, injured, or damaged him, or it—ضَرَّ بِهِ

maṣdar ضَرٌّ and ضارّهُ [which see also below], and maṣdar مُضَارَّةٌ.

Also ضِرَارٌ and اضرّهُ, or اضرّ بِهِ, or both.

The opposite of نَفَعَهُ: he did to him, or it, something evil, disliked, or hated.

1.1.1

ضَرَّهُ إِلَيْهِ: see form 8.

1.1.2figurative · مجازno camel will be more sufficient for you than he—لَا يَضُرَّكَ عَلَيْهِ جَمَلٌ

Synonymous with لَا يَزِيدُكَ.

you will not find a man who will be more sufficient for you than he—لَا يَضُرُّكَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ

That is, لَا تَجِدُ رَجُلًا يَزِيدُكَ عَلَى مَا عِنْدَ هٰذَا الرَّجُلِ مِنَ الكِفَايَةِ.

no animal that is hunted is more sufficient for you than the ضَبّ—مَا يَضُرُّكَ عَلَى الضَّبِّ صَيْدٌ

And so مَا يَضِيرُكَ.

no girl, or young woman, is more sufficient for you than she—مَا تَضُرُّكَ عَلَيْهَا جَارِيَةٌ

Synonymous with مَا تَزِيدُكَ.

he, or it, is not at all more sufficient for you than he, or it—مَا يَضُرُّكَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا

Synonymous with مَا يَزِيدُكَ.

1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredhe was, or became, blind—ضَرَّ

Second person apparently ضَرُرْتَ.

Ism fāʿil ضَرِيرٌ.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1 4 shown of 19
3:111
لَن يَضُرُّوكُمْ إِلَّآ أَذًى ۖ وَإِن يُقَـٰتِلُوكُمْ يُوَلُّوكُمُ ٱلْأَدْبَارَ ثُمَّ لَا يُنصَرُونَ

They will do you no harm, barring a trifling annoyance; if they come out to fight you, they will show you their backs, and no help shall they get.

21:66
قَالَ أَفَتَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ مَا لَا يَنفَعُكُمْ شَيْـًٔا وَلَا يَضُرُّكُمْ

(Abraham) said, "Do ye then worship, besides Allah, things that can neither be of any good to you nor do you harm?

22:12
يَدْعُوا۟ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ مَا لَا يَضُرُّهُۥ وَمَا لَا يَنفَعُهُۥ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ ٱلضَّلَـٰلُ ٱلْبَعِيدُ

They call on such deities, besides Allah, as can neither hurt nor profit them: that is straying far indeed (from the Way)!

26:73
أَوْ يَنفَعُونَكُمْ أَوْ يَضُرُّونَ

"Or do you good or harm?"

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
, (S, A, Msb, K,) and ضَرَّ بِهِ , (K,) aor. ضَرُرَ , (Msb,) inf. n. ضَرٌّ ; (S, Msb, K;) and ضارّهُ , [which see also below,] (S, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. مُضَارَّةٌ (Msb, K) and ضِرَارٌ ; (A, Msb, K;) and اضرّهُ , (K,) or اضرّ بِهِ , (Msb,) or both, inf. n. إِضْرَارٌ ; (TA;) He, or it, harmed, injured, hurt, marred, mischiefed, or damaged, him, or it; contr. of نَفَعَهُ ; (S, A, K;) did to him, or it, an act that was evil, or disliked, or hated. (Msb.) ضَرَّهُ إِلَيْهِ : see 8. لَا يَضُرَّكَ عَلَيْهِ جَمَلٌ No camel will be more sufficient for thee than he; syn. لَا يَزِيدُكَ : and لَا يَضُرُّكَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ [No man will be more sufficient for thee than he; or] thou wilt not find a man who will be more sufficient for thee than he; i. e. لَا تَجِدُ رَجُلًا يَزِيدُكَ عَلَى مَا عِنْدَ هٰذَا الرَّجُلِ مِنَ الكِفَايَةِ : (ISk, S:) and مَا يَضُرُّكَ عَلَى الضَّبِّ صَيْدٌ No animal that is hunted is more sufficient for thee than the ضَبّ ; and so مَا يَضِيرُكَ : and مَا تَضُرُّكَ عَلَيْهَا جَارِيَةٌ No girl, or young woman, is more sufficient for thee than she; syn. مَا تَزِيدُكَ : (A:) and مَا يَضُرُّكَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا He, or it, is not at all more sufficient for thee than he, or it; syn. مَا يَزِيدُكَ . (IAar, TA.) ضَرَّ , [sec. pers. app. ضَرُرْتَ , and aor. يَضُرُّ ,] inf. n. ضَرَارَةٌ , He was, or became, blind: part. n. ضَرِيرٌ [q. v.]. (MA.)
Form 3ضارّهُ3 senses · 1 main
maṣdarمُضَارَّةٌ

Core sense — he harmed him in return; he opposed him, differed from himgenerated

3.1there shall be no harming of one man by another, in the first instance, nor in return, in El-Islám—لا ضَرَرَ وَلَا ضِرَارَ فِى الإِسْلَامِ

Maṣdar مُضَارَّةٌ and ضَرَارٌ: he harmed him, injured him, or hurt him, in return, or in requital.

ضِرَارٌ means the same as مُضَارَّةٌ; or, according to some, it means the same as ضَرَرٌ, and in the tradition above it is added for emphasis. See also form 1.

مُضَارَّةٌ, in the case of a testament, is the not executing it, or violating it in part, or bequeathing to any unfit person or persons, and the like; the opposite of سُنَّة.

3.1.1you will not differ, one from another, nor dispute together, about seeing Him—لَا تُضَارُّونَ فِى رُؤْيَتِهِ

He disagreed with, or differed from, him; he acted in opposition to him; synonymous with خالَفَهُ.

According to some, this is the meaning in a tradition about the seeing of God on the day of resurrection: there will be no dispute, because of His manifest appearance.

Or the meaning is لَا تُضَامُّونَ, and thus some relate it: you will not draw yourselves together and crowd one another, one saying to another “Show me Him”, as people do in looking at the new moon, but each will have the sight of Him by himself.

Or, as some say, it is لَا تَضَارُّونَ [originally تَتَضَارُّونَ], meaning لَا تَضَامُّونَ [which is the same in meaning as لَا تُضَامُّونَ], that is, with fetḥ to the ت.

And some read لا تُضَارُونَ, from الضَّيْرُ [that is, you will not be hurt], meaning you will not hurt one another; see art. ضير.

And some read لَا تُضَامُون, from الضَّيْمُ.

3.1.2

See also form 4; and the phrase تَزَوَّجَ عَلَى مُضَارَّةٍ under ضِرٌّ.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 3
2:233
وَٱلْوَٰلِدَٰتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلَـٰدَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ ۖ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَن يُتِمَّ ٱلرَّضَاعَةَ ۚ وَعَلَى ٱلْمَوْلُودِ لَهُۥ رِزْقُهُنَّ وَكِسْوَتُهُنَّ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ ۚ لَا تُكَلَّفُ نَفْسٌ إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا ۚ لَا تُضَآرَّ وَٰلِدَةٌۢ بِوَلَدِهَا وَلَا مَوْلُودٌ لَّهُۥ بِوَلَدِهِۦ ۚ وَعَلَى ٱلْوَارِثِ مِثْلُ ذَٰلِكَ ۗ فَإِنْ أَرَادَا فِصَالًا عَن تَرَاضٍ مِّنْهُمَا وَتَشَاوُرٍ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا ۗ وَإِنْ أَرَدتُّمْ أَن تَسْتَرْضِعُوٓا۟ أَوْلَـٰدَكُمْ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذَا سَلَّمْتُم مَّآ ءَاتَيْتُم بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ ۗ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَٱعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ

The mothers shall give such to their offspring for two whole years, if the father desires to complete the term. But he shall bear the cost of their food and clothing on equitable terms. No soul shall have a burden laid on it greater than it can bear. No mother shall be Treated unfairly on account of her child. Nor father on account of his child, an heir shall be chargeable in the same way. If they both decide on weaning, by mutual consent, and after due consultation, there is no blame on them. If ye decide on a foster-mother for your offspring, there is no blame on you, provided ye pay (the mother) what ye offered, on equitable terms. But fear Allah and know that Allah sees well what ye do.

2:282
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ إِذَا تَدَايَنتُم بِدَيْنٍ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى فَٱكْتُبُوهُ ۚ وَلْيَكْتُب بَّيْنَكُمْ كَاتِبٌۢ بِٱلْعَدْلِ ۚ وَلَا يَأْبَ كَاتِبٌ أَن يَكْتُبَ كَمَا عَلَّمَهُ ٱللَّهُ ۚ فَلْيَكْتُبْ وَلْيُمْلِلِ ٱلَّذِى عَلَيْهِ ٱلْحَقُّ وَلْيَتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ رَبَّهُۥ وَلَا يَبْخَسْ مِنْهُ شَيْـًٔا ۚ فَإِن كَانَ ٱلَّذِى عَلَيْهِ ٱلْحَقُّ سَفِيهًا أَوْ ضَعِيفًا أَوْ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَن يُمِلَّ هُوَ فَلْيُمْلِلْ وَلِيُّهُۥ بِٱلْعَدْلِ ۚ وَٱسْتَشْهِدُوا۟ شَهِيدَيْنِ مِن رِّجَالِكُمْ ۖ فَإِن لَّمْ يَكُونَا رَجُلَيْنِ فَرَجُلٌ وَٱمْرَأَتَانِ مِمَّن تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ ٱلشُّهَدَآءِ أَن تَضِلَّ إِحْدَىٰهُمَا فَتُذَكِّرَ إِحْدَىٰهُمَا ٱلْأُخْرَىٰ ۚ وَلَا يَأْبَ ٱلشُّهَدَآءُ إِذَا مَا دُعُوا۟ ۚ وَلَا تَسْـَٔمُوٓا۟ أَن تَكْتُبُوهُ صَغِيرًا أَوْ كَبِيرًا إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلِهِۦ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ أَقْسَطُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ وَأَقْوَمُ لِلشَّهَـٰدَةِ وَأَدْنَىٰٓ أَلَّا تَرْتَابُوٓا۟ ۖ إِلَّآ أَن تَكُونَ تِجَـٰرَةً حَاضِرَةً تُدِيرُونَهَا بَيْنَكُمْ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَلَّا تَكْتُبُوهَا ۗ وَأَشْهِدُوٓا۟ إِذَا تَبَايَعْتُمْ ۚ وَلَا يُضَآرَّ كَاتِبٌ وَلَا شَهِيدٌ ۚ وَإِن تَفْعَلُوا۟ فَإِنَّهُۥ فُسُوقٌۢ بِكُمْ ۗ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ۖ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ ٱللَّهُ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عَلِيمٌ

O ye who believe! When ye deal with each other, in transactions involving future obligations in a fixed period of time, reduce them to writing Let a scribe write down faithfully as between the parties: let not the scribe refuse to write: as Allah Has taught him, so let him write. Let him who incurs the liability dictate, but let him fear His Lord Allah, and not diminish aught of what he owes. If they party liable is mentally deficient, or weak, or unable Himself to dictate, Let his guardian dictate faithfully, and get two witnesses, out of your own men, and if there are not two men, then a man and two women, such as ye choose, for witnesses, so that if one of them errs, the other can remind her. The witnesses should not refuse when they are called on (For evidence). Disdain not to reduce to writing (your contract) for a future period, whether it be small or big: it is juster in the sight of Allah, More suitable as evidence, and more convenient to prevent doubts among yourselves but if it be a transaction which ye carry out on the spot among yourselves, there is no blame on you if ye reduce it not to writing. But take witness whenever ye make a commercial contract; and let neither scribe nor witness suffer harm. If ye do (such harm), it would be wickedness in you. So fear Allah; For it is Good that teaches you. And Allah is well acquainted with all things. If ye are on a journey, and cannot find a scribe, a pledge with possession (may serve the purpose). And if one of you deposits a thing on trust with another, let the trustee (faithfully) discharge his trust, and let him Fear his Lord conceal not evidence; for whoever conceals it, - his heart is tainted with sin. And Allah knoweth all that ye do.

65:6
أَسْكِنُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ سَكَنتُم مِّن وُجْدِكُمْ وَلَا تُضَآرُّوهُنَّ لِتُضَيِّقُوا۟ عَلَيْهِنَّ ۚ وَإِن كُنَّ أُو۟لَـٰتِ حَمْلٍ فَأَنفِقُوا۟ عَلَيْهِنَّ حَتَّىٰ يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ ۚ فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَـَٔاتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ ۖ وَأْتَمِرُوا۟ بَيْنَكُم بِمَعْرُوفٍ ۖ وَإِن تَعَاسَرْتُمْ فَسَتُرْضِعُ لَهُۥٓ أُخْرَىٰ

Let the women live (in 'iddat) in the same style as ye live, according to your means: Annoy them not, so as to restrict them. And if they carry (life in their wombs), then spend (your substance) on them until they deliver their burden: and if they suckle your (offspring), give them their recompense: and take mutual counsel together, according to what is just and reasonable. And if ye find yourselves in difficulties, let another woman suckle (the child) on the (father's) behalf.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
, inf. n. مُضَارَّةٌ and ضَرَارٌ , He harmed him, injured him, or hurt him, in return, or in requital: whence the saying in a trad., لا ضَرَرَ وَلَا ضِرَارَ فِى الإِسْلَامِ There shall be no harming, injuring, or hurting, of one man by another, in the first instance, nor in return, or requital, in El-Islám: (Mgh, TA: *) ضِرَارٌ is syn. with مُضَارَّةٌ : (S:) or, accord. to some, it is syn. with ضَرَرٌ ; and in the phrase in a trad. mentioned above, is added as a corroborative. (TA.) See also 1. مُضَارَّةٌ in the case of a testament is the not executing it; or the violating it in part; or the bequeathing to any unfit person or persons; and the like; contrary to the سُنَّة . (TA.) He disagreed with, or differed from, him; dissented from him; was contrary, opposed, or repugnant, to him; or he acted contrarily, contrariously, adversely, or in opposition, to him; syn. خالَفَهُ . (K.) And hence, accord. to some, the saying in a trad., (O, K,) relating to the seeing God on the day of resurrection, (O,) لَا تُضَارُّونَ فِى رُؤْيَتِهِ , (O, K,) i. e. Ye will not differ, one from another, nor dispute together, respecting the truth of the seeing Him; (Zj, O, * TA;) because of his manifest appearance: (Zj, TA:) or the meaning is, لَا تُضَامُّونَ , (S, K,) and thus some relate it, (TA,) meaning ye will not draw yourselves together, (K, TA,) and straiten one another; one saying to another “ Show me Him, ” like as people do in looking at the new moon, but each will by himself have the sight of Him: (TA:) or, as some say, it is لَا تَضَارُّونَ [originally تَتَضَارُّونَ ], meaning لَا تَضَامُّونَ , [which is the same in signification as لَا تُضَامُّونَ ], i. e. with fet-h to the ت : (TA, and so in one of my copies of the S:) and some say, لا تُضَارُونَ , from الضَّيْرُ ; (Mgh, TA;) [i. e. ye will not be hurt;] meaning ye will not hurt one another: (M in art. ضير :) and some, لَا تُضَامُون , from الضَّيْمُ . (Mgh, TA.) See also 4; and the phrase تَزَوَّجَ عَلَى مُضَارَّةٍ , voce ضِرٌّ .
Form 4اضرّهُ8 senses · 4 main
maṣdarإِضْرَارٌ

Core sense — he compelled him; it came so near as to harm; he pressed him hardgenerated

4.1

See form 1, first sentence.

4.1.1he compelled him against his will to do the thing—اضرّهُ عَلَى الأَمْرِ

See also form 8.

4.2figurative · مجاز — inferredit (anything) approached so near as to harm, or so near as to straiten or incommode—اضرّ

Intransitive.

it approached very near to him, so as to annoy him—اضرّ بِهِ

Or he drew very near to him; or he clave, or stuck, to him.

he approached the road, but was not upon it—اضرّ بِالطَّرِيق
the sons of such a one are on the travelled track—بَنُو فُلَانٍ يُضِرُّ الطَّرِيقُ
the torrent drew near to the wall—اضرّ السَّيْلُ مِنَ الحَائِطِ
the clouds drew near to the earth—السَّحَابُ إِلَى الأَرْضِ
4.2.1figurative · مجازhe importuned him, pressed him hard, was urgent with him, harassed him—اضرّ عَلَيْهِ
4.2.2figurative · مجازthe horse champed the فأس of the bit—اضرّ الفَرَسُ عَلَى فَأْسِ اللِّجَامِ

A ʿObeyd; and اضزّ likewise.

4.2.3figurative · مجاز — inferredsuch a one bore patiently hard journeying—اضرّ فُلَانٌ عَلَى السَّيْرِ الشَّدِيدِ
4.3

Also: he took a wife while having another wife [and so, apparently, ضارّ ]; or he gave a woman in marriage to a man who had at the time another wife.

4.4he hastened somewhat in running—اضرّ يَعْدُو

So according to A ʿObeyd; but Et-Toosee says that this is a mistake, and that it is correctly اصرّ.

Show Lane's original text
: see 1, first sentence. اضرّهُ عَلَى الأَمْرِ He compelled him against his will to do the thing. (Sgh, K.) [See also 8.] اضرّ , intrans., It (anything) approached so near as to harm, injure, or hurt; (TA;) or so near as to straighten, or incommode. (L.) You say, اضرّ بِهِ , meaning It approached very near to him, so as to annoy him: (TA, from a trad.:) or he drew very near to him: (S, A:) or he clave, or stuck, to him. (A.) And اضرّ بِالطَّرِيق He approached the road, but was not upon it. (TA.) And بَنُو فُلَانٍ يُضِرُّ الطَّرِيقُ The sons of such a one are one the travelled track. (A.) And اضرّ السَّيْلُ مِنَ الحَائِطِ The torrent drew near to the wall: and السَّحَابُ إِلَى الأَرْضِ the clouds to the earth. (K.) اضرّ عَلَيْهِ He importuned him; plied him; plied him hard; pressed him; pressed him hard; was urgent with him; persecuted him, or harassed him. (A.) اضرّ الفَرَسُ عَلَى فَأْسِ اللِّجَامِ The horse champed the فأس [q. v.] of the bit; (A 'Obeyd, S, A;) and so اضزّ . (S.) اضرّ فُلَانٌ عَلَى السَّيْرِ الشَّدِيدِ Such a one bore patiently hard journeying. (TA.) Also, (Msb,) inf. n. إِضْرَارٌ , (S,) He took to himself a wife while having another wife: (As, S, Msb, TA:) [and so, app., ضارّ : (see ضِرٌّ :)] or he gave [a woman] in marriage to a man having at the time another wife. (TA.) اضرّ يَعْدُو (S, K, * TA) signifies He hastened (S, K, TA) somewhat in running, accord. to A 'Obeyd; (S, TA;) but Et-Toosee says that this is a mistake, and that it is correctly اصرّ . (TA.)
Form 5تضرّر1 sense

Core sense — he was harmed, or afflicted; he suffered straitnessgenerated

5.1

He was harmed, injured, or hurt; he was afflicted, grieved, or sick; and he experienced straitness, pressure, or inconvenience.

Show Lane's original text
He was [harmed, injured, or hurt; or] afflicted, grieved, or sick: and he experienced straitness, pressure, or inconvenience. (KL.)
Form 6لَا تَضَارُّونَ1 sense

Core sense — you will not differ, one from another; you will not hurt one anothergenerated

6.1

[Originally تَتَضَارُّونَ]: see form 3.

Show Lane's original text
[originally تَتَضَارُّونَ ]: see 3.
Form 8اضطرّهُ إِلَى كَذَا2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — he compelled him, or forced him, to have recourse to such a thinggenerated

8.1

It (a thing, or an affair), or he (a man, or God), necessitated, constrained, compelled, forced, or drove him to have recourse to, or to do, such a thing, against his will, so that he had no way of avoiding it; and so ضَرَّهُ إِلَيْهِ: it made him want, or need, such a thing.

From ضَرَرٌ, meaning “narrowness” or “straitness”. See also form 4.

[Hence the phrase لَأَضْطَرَّنَّكَ إِلَى أَصْلِكَ, explained in art. اصل. See also the Qurʾān 2:120 and 31:23.]

Qur’ān 2:126 approximate — somewhere between 2:108 and 2:128 Lane cites “Kur ii. 120”
Qur’ān 2:126 the verse Lane’s citation points to, and it uses this root
وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَٰهِـۧمُ رَبِّ ٱجْعَلْ هَـٰذَا بَلَدًا ءَامِنًا وَٱرْزُقْ أَهْلَهُۥ مِنَ ٱلثَّمَرَٰتِ مَنْ ءَامَنَ مِنْهُم بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلْـَٔاخِرِ ۖ قَالَ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَأُمَتِّعُهُۥ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ أَضْطَرُّهُۥٓ إِلَىٰ عَذَابِ ٱلنَّارِ ۖ وَبِئْسَ ٱلْمَصِيرُ

And remember Abraham said: "My Lord, make this a City of Peace, and feed its people with fruits,-such of them as believe in Allah and the Last Day." He said: "(Yea), and such as reject Faith,-for a while will I grant them their pleasure, but will soon drive them to the torment of Fire,- an evil destination (indeed)!"Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

8.1.1he was, or became, compelled, forced, or driven to have recourse to, or to do, such a thing—اُضْطُرَّ إِلَى كَذَا

He wanted, or was or became in need of, such a thing.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 8 2 shown of 7
16:115
إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱلْمَيْتَةَ وَٱلدَّمَ وَلَحْمَ ٱلْخِنزِيرِ وَمَآ أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ ٱللَّهِ بِهِۦ ۖ فَمَنِ ٱضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

He has only forbidden you dead meat, and blood, and the flesh of swine, and any (food) over which the name of other than Allah has been invoked. But if one is forced by necessity, without wilful disobedience, nor transgressing due limits,- then Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

31:24
نُمَتِّعُهُمْ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ نَضْطَرُّهُمْ إِلَىٰ عَذَابٍ غَلِيظٍ

We grant them their pleasure for a little while: in the end shall We drive them to a chastisement unrelenting.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
It, (a thing, or an affair, TA,) or he, [a man, or God,] necessitated, constrained, compelled, forced, or drove, him to have recourse to, or to do, such a thing; or impelled, or drove, him, against his will, to it, or to do it; (Msb, K;) so that he had no means of avoiding it; as also ضَرَّهُ إِلَيْهِ : (Msb:) it made him to want, or be in need of, such a thing: (K, TA:) from ضَرَرٌ signifying “ narrowness, ” or “ straitness. ” (TA.) [See also 4. Hence the phrase, لَأَضْطَرَّنَّكَ إِلَى أَصْلِكَ , expl. in art. اصل . See also the Kur ii. 120, and xxxi. 23.] اُضْطُرَّ إِلَى كَذَا He was, or became, necessitated, constrained, compelled, forced, or driven, to have recourse to, or to do, such a thing; or was impelled, or driven, against his will, to it, or to do it: (S, K:) he wanted, or was or became in need of, such a thing. (K.)

Derived nouns 25

Nounضَرٌّ1 sense

Core sense — harm, injury, or hurtgenerated

1

See the next entry, in two places.

Qur’ānic occurrences ضَرّ 1 shown of 10
72:21
قُلْ إِنِّى لَآ أَمْلِكُ لَكُمْ ضَرًّا وَلَا رَشَدًا

Say: "It is not in my power to cause you harm, or to bring you to right conduct."

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
: see the next paragraph, in two places.
Nounضُرٌّ2 senses

Core sense — harm, injury, hurt; an evil state or condition; poverty; diseasegenerated

1

Harm, injury, hurt, mischief, or damage; the opposite of نَفْعٌ. Also ضَرٌّ, or this is a maṣdar and the former a simple noun; and ضَرَرٌ [which is now the most common].

Or an evil state or condition; also ضَرَرٌ and تَضِرَّةٌ and تَضُرَّةٌ. The right reading in the K is والضَّرَرُ سُوْءُ الحَالِ, as in the L, not والضرر وسوء الحال. [But in some of the copies of the K, and in the TA, this meaning is assigned to ضَرٌّ instead of ضُرٌّ, and in the latter its plural is said to be أَضُرٌّ.]

And poverty; and bodily affliction.

But the opposite of نَفْعٌ is ضَرٌّ, with fetḥ. [See also ضَرَّةٌ and ضَرَرٌ and ضَرَّآءُ and ضَرُورَةٌ and ضَارُورَآءُ, all of which have similar meanings.]

And disease; so in the Qurʾān 21:83. Or leanness. Also the state, or condition, of one who is termed ضَرِير.

Qur’ān 21:83 approximate — somewhere between 21:73 and 21:97 Lane cites “Kur xxi. 83”
Qur’ān 21:83 the verse Lane’s citation points to, and it uses this root
وَأَيُّوبَ إِذْ نَادَىٰ رَبَّهُۥٓ أَنِّى مَسَّنِىَ ٱلضُّرُّ وَأَنتَ أَرْحَمُ ٱلرَّٰحِمِينَ

And (remember) Job, when He cried to his Lord, "Truly distress has seized me, but Thou art the Most Merciful of those that are merciful."Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

2

See also the next entry, in two places.

Qur’ānic occurrences ضُرّ 2 shown of 16
16:54
ثُمَّ إِذَا كَشَفَ ٱلضُّرَّ عَنكُمْ إِذَا فَرِيقٌ مِّنكُم بِرَبِّهِمْ يُشْرِكُونَ

Yet, when He removes the distress from you, behold! some of you turn to other gods to join with their Lord-

21:83
وَأَيُّوبَ إِذْ نَادَىٰ رَبَّهُۥٓ أَنِّى مَسَّنِىَ ٱلضُّرُّ وَأَنتَ أَرْحَمُ ٱلرَّٰحِمِينَ

And (remember) Job, when He cried to his Lord, "Truly distress has seized me, but Thou art the Most Merciful of those that are merciful."

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
Harm, injury, hurt, mischief, or damage; contr. of نَفْعٌ ; as also ضَرٌّ , (A, K,) or this is an inf. n., (S, Msb, K,) and the former is a simple subst.; (ADk, Msb, K;) and ضَرَرٌ [which is now the most common]: (S, Mgh, Msb, TA:) or an evil state or condition; (ADk, T, S, L, Msb, K;) as also ضَرَرٌ and تَضِرَّةٌ and تَضُرَّةٌ ; (K; for the right reading in the K is والضَّرَرُ سُوْءُ الحَالِ , as in the L, &c.; not والضرر وسوء الحال ; TA; [but in some of the copies of the K, and in the TA, this signification is assigned to ضَرٌّ instead of ضُرٌّ ; and in the latter, its pl. is said to be أَضُرٌّ ;]) and poverty; and bodily affliction: but the contr. of نَفْعٌ is termed ضَرٌّ , with fet-h: (ADk, T, Msb, TA: *) [see also ضَرَّةٌ and ضَرَرٌ and ضَرَّآءُ and ضَرُورَةٌ and ضَارُورَآءُ , all of which have similar meanings:] and disease; (A, Msb;) thus in the Kur xxi. 83: (Msb:) or leanness: (S, A, TA:) the state, or condition, of him who is termed ضَرِير [q. v.]. (TA.) See also the next paragraph, in two places.
Nounضَرٌّ2 senses

Core sense — the taking a wife in addition to another wifegenerated

1the woman was taken to wife in addition to a former wife—نُكِحَتِ المَرْأَةُ عَلَى ضِرٍّ

The taking a wife in addition to another wife; a noun from ضَرَّةٌ.

[I took the woman to wife in addition to another wife]—تَزَوَّجْتُ المَرْأَةَ عَلَى ضِرٍّ

Also ضُرٍّ; so according to Aboo-ʿAbd-Allah Et-Tuwál.

he married so as to have two or three wives together—تَزَوَّجَ عَلَى ضِرٍّ

Also ضُرٍّ, that is, مُضَارَّةٍ.

[I took to wife the woman in addition to others who were her fellow-wives]—تَزَوَّجْتُ المَرْأَةَ عَلَى ضِرٍّ كُنَّ لَهَا

Mentioned by Kr. If it be so, ضِرّ is a maṣdar [used in this instance as an adjective, and therefore applicable to a plural number as well as to a single person], formed by the rejection of the augmentative letter in its verb أَضَرَّ, or it is a plural that has no singular.

2a man [who is] a strong one of strong ones—رَجُلٌ ضِرُّ أَضْرَارٍ

Like صِلُّ أَصْلَالٍ and ضِلُّ أَضْلَالٍ; or very cunning in his judgment, or opinion.

Show Lane's original text
The taking a wife in addition to another wife; (S;) a subst. from ضَرَّةٌ . (K.) You say, نُكِحَتِ المَرْأَةُ عَلَى ضِرٍّ The woman was taken to wife in addition to a former wife. (S.) And, accord. to Aboo-'Abd-Allah Et-Tuwál, تَزَوَّجْتُ المَرْأَةَ عَلَى ضِرٍّ and ضُرٍّ [I took the woman to wife in addition to another wife]. (S.) And تَزَوَّجَ عَلَى ضِرٍّ and ضُرٍّ i. e. مُضَارَّةٍ , meaning He married so as to have two or three wives together. (K.) And Kr mentions the phrase, تَزَوَّجْتُ المَرْأَةَ عَلَى ضِرٍّ كُنَّ لَهَا [I took to wife the woman in addition to others who were her fellow-wives]: and if it be so, ضِرّ is an inf. n. [used in this instance as an epithet, and therefore applicable to a pl. number as well as to a single person], formed by the rejection of the augmentative letter [in its verb, i. e. أَضَرَّ ], or it is a pl. that has no sing. (TA.) One says also رَجُلٌ ضِرُّ أَضْرَارٍ (K, TA) i. e. A man [who is] a strong one of strong ones; like as one says صِلُّ أَصْلَالٍ and ضِلُّ أَضْلَالٍ : (TA:) or very cunning ( دَاهِيَةٌ ) in his judgment, or opinion. (K, TA.)
Nounضَرَّةٌ9 senses · 4 main

Core sense — a fellow-wife; need, hardship; the flesh of the udder; much property or cattlegenerated

1

[Necessity, or need;] a noun from form 8: hardness, distressfulness, or afflictiveness of state or condition; and annoyance, molestation, harm, or hurt. See also [ضُرٌّ and] ضَرَرٌ and ضَرَّآءُ and ضَرُورَةٌ.

2

A woman's husband's wife; her fellow-wife.

An appellation disliked by the Muslim, جَارَةٌ being used in preference to it, according to a tradition.

Plural ضَرَائِرُ and ضَرَّاتٌ, the former irregular with respect to rule, the latter regular. [See also عَلَّةٌ.]

2.1figurative · مجاز

Hence it is the singular of ضَرَائِرُ, meaning discordant things or affairs; likened to fellow-wives, who will not agree.

2.2figurative · مجاز — inferred

And [hence also, apparently,] الضَّرَّتَانِ is a term applied to the two stones of a mill.

3a full ضرّة, or a ضرّة having much milk—ضَرَّةٌ شَكْرَى

The flesh of the ضَرْع [or udder]; or the whole udder except the أَطْبَآء [or teats], when it contains milk, but not otherwise; or the base of the ضرع, which is never, or scarcely ever, without milk in it; or the base of the ثَدْى [or breast]; and the same as خِلْفٌ.

So in art. شكر.

3.1the portion of flesh beneath the thumb—ضَرَّةُ الإِبْهَامِ

It is what corresponds to the أَلْيَه in the hand.

the part of the palm of the hand from beneath the little finger to the wrist—الضَّرَّةُ

Zj, in his “Khalk el-Insán”.

Or the inner side of the hand, opposite the little finger, corresponding to the الية in the hand; or the portion of flesh beneath the thumb; or the root of the thumb; and the part of the flesh of the sole of the foot on which one treads, next the great toe. [See أَلْيَةٌ.]

3.2

The plural of ضَرَّةٌ, in all the senses explained above, is ضَرَائِرُ, which is irregular.

3.3

And الضَّرَّتَانِ means the buttocks, on each side of the bone; or the two flabby portions of flesh, on each side.

4

Also much property, or many cattle, apart from money; or property, or cattle, that one relies on for his maintenance but which belongs to another, or others, of his relations; and a detached number of cattle, of camels, and of sheep or goats.

Show Lane's original text
[Necessity, or need;] a subst. from 8: (K, TA:) hardness, distressfulness, or afflictiveness, of state or condition: and annoyance, molestation, harm, or hurt. (Sgh, K.) See also [ ضُرٌّ , and] ضَرَرٌ , and ضَرَّآءُ , and ضَرُورَةٌ . A woman's husband's wife; her fellow-wife: (S, Msb, K:) an appellation disliked by the Muslim; جَارَةٌ being used in preference to it; accord. to a trad.: (TA:) pl. ضَرَائِرُ (Msb, K) and ضَرَّاتٌ ; (Msb;) the former extr. [with respect to rule]; (TA;) the latter regular. (Msb.) [See also عَلَّةٌ .] Hence, sing. of ضَرَائِرُ signifying Discordant things or affairs; likened to fellow-wives, who will not agree. (TA.) And [hence also, app.,] الضَّرَّتَانِ is a term applied to The two stones of a mill. (S, M.) The flesh of the ضَرْع [or udder]: (S:) or the udder ( ضرع ) altogether, (K, TA,) except the أَطْبَآء [or teats], when containing milk, but not otherwise: (TA:) or the base of the ضرع , which is never, or scarcely ever, without milk in it: (TA:) or the base of the ثَدْى [or breast]: and i. q. خِلْفٌ [q. v.]. (K.) One says ضَرَّةٌ شَكْرَى , meaning A full ضرّة : (S in this art.:) or a ضرّة having much milk. (S in art. شكر .) ضَرَّةُ الإِبْهَامِ The portion of flesh that is beneath the thumb, which is what corresponds to the أَلْيَه in the hand: (S:) or الضَّرَّةُ signifies the portion of the palm of the hand extending from beneath the little finger to the wrist: (Zj, in his “ Khalk el-Insán: ”) or the inner side of the hand, (K, TA,) over against the little finger, corresponding to the الية in the hand: (TA:) or the portion of flesh beneath the thumb: (K:) or the root thereof [i. e. of the thumb]: (TA:) and that part of the flesh of the sole of the foot upon which one treads, next the great toe. (K.) [See أَلْيَةٌ .] The pl. of ضَرَّةٌ (in all the senses expl. above, TA) is ضَرَائِرُ , (K, TA,) which [as said above] is extr. (TA.) And الضَّرَّتَانِ signifies The buttocks, on each side of the bone thereof: (K:) or the two flabby portions of flesh, on each side. (M, TA.) Also Much property, (S,) or many cattle, (S, * TA,) exclusive of money: (TA:) or property, or cattle, ( مال ,) upon which one relies [for his maintenance], but belonging to another, or others, (K, TA,) of his relations: (TA:) and a detached number of cattle, of camels, and of sheep or goats. (K, TA.)
Nounضُرَّةٌ1 sense

Core sense — harm, hurt; an evil state or conditiongenerated

1

See ضَرَّآءُ.

Show Lane's original text
: see ضَرَّآءُ .
Nounضَرَرٌ5 senses · 1 main

Core sense — harm; defect, or loss; narrowness, or straitness; narrowgenerated

1

See ضُرٌّ, in two places.

1.1[defect, deficiency, detriment, or loss, came upon him in his property, or cattle]—دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ ضَرَرٌ فِى مَالِهِ

Also defect, deficiency, detriment, or loss that happens to a thing, or to articles of property; and so ضَرَّةٌ and ضَرَارَةٌ.

[he is in a state of defective, or little, prosperity]—هُوَ فِى ضَرَرِ خَيْرٍ

See also ضَرَّآءُ.

1.2a narrow place—مَكَانٌ ذُو ضَرَرٍ
[apparently, no straitness shall befall you: or no evil: or no adversity: or no want]—لَا ضَرَرَ عَلَيْكَ

Also narrowness, or straitness; so according to A ʿObeyd.

A ʿObeyd.

Also لا ضَارُورَةَ and لا تَضِرَّةَ.

1.3a narrow place—مَكَانٌ ضَرَرٌ
water in a narrow place—مَآءٌ ضَرَرٌ

on this sense And narrow.

1.4do not walk on this brink, or edge, of a cave—لَا تَمْشِ عَلَى هٰذَا الضَّرَرِ

And the brink, or edge, of a cave, or cavern.

Show Lane's original text
: see ضُرٌّ , in two places. Also Defect, deficiency, detriment, or loss, (Msb, K,) and so ضَرَّةٌ and ضَرَارَةٌ , (TA,) that happens to a thing, (K,) or to articles of property. (Msb.) You say, دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ ضَرَرٌ فِى مَالِهِ [Defect, deficiency, detriment, or loss, came upon him in his property, or cattle]. (TA.) And هُوَ فِى ضَرَرِ خَيْرٍ [He is in a state of defective, or little, prosperity]. (TA.) See also ضَرَّآءُ . Also Narrowness, or straitness. (A 'Obeyd, S, K.) You say مَكَانٌ ذُو ضَرَرٍ A narrow place. (A 'Obeyd, S.) And لَا ضَرَرَ عَلَيْكَ and لا ضَارُورَةَ and لا تَضِرَّةَ [app. No straitness shall befall thee: or no evil: or no adversity: or no want]. (S.) And Narrow. (K.) You say مَكَانٌ ضَرَرٌ A narrow place. (TA.) And مَآءٌ ضَرَرٌ Water in a narrow place. (IAar.) And The brink, or edge, of a cave, or cavern. (AA, O, K.) One says, لَا تَمْشِ عَلَى هٰذَا الضَّرَرِ [Walk not thou on this brink, or edge, of a cave]. (AA, O.)
Nounضَرِيرٌ10 senses · 3 main

Core sense — jealousy; spirit, or patient endurance; blind; the brink of a valleygenerated

1

The same as مُضَارَّةٌ [that is, injurious conduct, either in the first instance or in return or requital: see form 3]; a noun in this sense, but it is mostly used in the sense next following.

1.1figurative · مجازhow great is his jealousy on her account!—ما أَشَدَّ ضَرِيرَهُ عَلَيْهَا
he is indeed jealous on account of his wife—إِنَّهُ لَذُو ضَرِيرٍ عَلَى ٱمْرَأَتِهِ

on this sense Jealousy.

1.2a she-camel strong in spirit, slow to become fatigued—نَاقَةٌ ذَاتُ ضَرِيرٍ

Also spirit, and remains of stoutness of body; or, as some say, remains of spirit.

Also explained as meaning one that injures the [other] camels by the violence of her pace, or the hardness of her journeying.

whose strength is lasting—بَاقٍ ضَرِيرُهَا

Said of camels; so explained by As.

1.3he indeed has patient endurance of evil—إِنَّهُ لَذُو ضَرِيرٍ
he indeed has patient endurance of evil and hardship—إِنَّهُ لَذُو ضَرِيرٍ عَلَى الشَّرِّ وَالشِّدَةِ

A phrase used of a man and of a beast.

on this sense Also patience, and endurance.

2

Also, as an adjective, anything intermixed, or mingled, with ضُرّ [that is, harm, injury, and the like]; and so مَضْرُورٌ.

2.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

Blind; [a more respectful adjective than أَعْمَى]; plural أَضِرَّآءُ.

Also harmed by the loss of an eye, or by a constant and severe disease; diseased; lean, or emaciated; affected with a malady of long continuance, or crippled by disease so as to be unable to move, stand, or walk.

Feminine with ة, and plural as above.

2.2

And persevering, and strong. [Thus having opposite meanings.]

2.3

And very patient in endurance of everything; applied to a beast, and also to a man.

3[such a one alighted] upon one of the two sides of the valley—نَزَلَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى أَحَدِ ضَرِيرَى الوَادِى

Also the brink of a valley; its side.

Plural أَضِرَّةٌ.

3.1

[Freytag has explained it also, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees, as meaning the last part of a journey.]

Show Lane's original text
i. q. مُضَارَّةٌ [i. e. Injurious conduct, either in the first instance or in return or requital: &c.: see 3]: (S, A, K:) a subst. in this sense: (TA:) but it is mostly used in the sense here next following. (S, TA.) Jealousy. (S, A, K.) One says, ما أَشَدَّ ضَرِيرَهُ عَلَيْهَا How great is his jealousy on her account! (S, A.) And إِنَّهُ لَذُو ضَرِيرٍ عَلَى ٱمْرَأَتِهِ Verily he is jealous on account of his wife. (TA.) Also Spirit ( نَفْسٌ ), and remains of stoutness of body ( بَقِيَّةُ جِسْمٍ ): (S, K:) or, as some say, remains of spirit ( بَقِيَّةُ نَفْسٍ ). (TA.) One says نَاقَةٌ ذَاتُ ضَرِيرٍ A she-camel strong in spirit, slow in becoming fatigued: (S, TA:) also expl. as meaning that injures the [other] camels by the vehemence of her pace, or the hardness of her journeying. (TA.) And بَاقٍ ضَرِيرُهَا , referring to camels, is expl. by As as meaning Whose strength is lasting. (TA.) Also Patience, (S, K,) and endurance. (S.) One says, إِنَّهُ لَذُو ضَرِيرٍ Verily he has patient endurance of evil: (TA:) and إِنَّهُ لَذُو ضَرِيرٍ عَلَى الشَّرِّ وَالشِّدَةِ Verily he has patient endurance of evil and hardship; (As, S, * TA;) a phrase used in relation to a man and to a beast. (TA.) Also [an epithet] signifying Anything intermixed, or mingled, with ضُرّ [i. e. harm, injury, &c.]; and so مَضْرُورٌ . (K.) Blind; (S, K;) [a more respectful epithet than أَعْمَى ]; pl. أَضِرَّآءُ : (K:) harmed by the loss of an eye, or by a constant and severe disease: (Msb:) diseased: (A, K:) and lean, or emaciated: (K:) affected with a malady of long continuance; or crippled, or deprived of the power to move or to stand or to walk, by disease, or by a protracted disease: (TA:) fem. with ة : (A, K:) and pl. as above. (TA.) And Persevering, and strong. (TA.) [Thus having contr. meanings.] And Very patient (AA, S, K) in endurance of everything; applied to a beast, (AA, S,) and also to a man. (TA.) Also The brink of a valley; (S, K;) the side thereof: one says, نَزَلَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى أَحَدِ ضَرِيرَى الوَادِى , meaning [Such a one alighted] upon one of the two sides of the valley: (S:) pl. أَضِرَّةٌ . (TA.) [Freytag has explained it also, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees, as meaning The last part of a journey.]
Nounضَرَائِرُ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — persons in want, needy, or poorgenerated

1

Persons in want, needy, or poor.

1.1

Also the plural of ضَرَّةٌ, in various senses.

Show Lane's original text
Persons in want, needy, or poor. (S.) Also pl. of ضَرَّةٌ , [q. v.,] (Msb, K, TA,) in various senses. (TA.)
Nounضَرَارَةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — blindness; harm, or an evil state or conditiongenerated

1

See ضَرَرٌ and ضَرَّآءُ, in two places.

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

Also blindness. [See form 1, last sentence, where it is mentioned as a maṣdar.]

Show Lane's original text
: see ضَرَرٌ : and ضَرَّآءُ , in two places. Also Blindness. (S, K, TA.) [See 1, last sentence, where it is mentioned as an inf. n.]
Nounضَرُورَةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — necessity, need, or want; difficulty, or distressgenerated

1[necessity urged me to do such and such things]—حَمَلَنِى الضَّرُورَةُ عَلَى كَذَا وَكَذَا

Necessity, need, or want; also ضَارُورَةٌ and ضَارُورٌ and ضَارُورَآءُ and ضَرَّةٌ; plural ضَرُورَاتٌ.

a man in want—رَجُلٌ ذُو ضَارُورَةِ

Also ضَرُورَةٍ.

[Hence فِى الضَّرُورَةِ, meaning in the case of necessity in poetry or verse; and ضَرُورَةً, by necessity, meaning by poetic licence. See also ضَرُورِيَّةٌ.]

1.1

And difficulty, distress, affliction, trouble, inconvenience, fatigue, or weariness. [See also ضُرٌّ and ضَرَّةٌ and ضَرَّآءُ.]

Show Lane's original text
Necessity, necessitude, need, or want; (Lth, S, Msb, K;) as also ضَارُورَةٌ (S, K) and ضَارُورٌ and ضَارُورَآءُ and ضَرَّةٌ : (K, TA:) pl. ضَرُورَاتٌ . (TA.) You say, حَمَلَنِى الضَّرُورَةُ عَلَى كَذَا وَكَذَا [Necessity urged me to do such and such things]. (Lth.) And رَجُلٌ ذُو ضَارُورَةِ and ضَرُورَةٍ A man in want. (S.) [And hence فِى الضَّرُورَةِ as meaning In the case of necessity in poetry or verse: and ضَرُورَةً by necessity; meaning by poetic license. See also ضَرُورِيَّةٌ .] And Difficulty, distress, affliction, trouble, inconvenience, fatigue, or weariness. (Msb.) [See also ضُرٌّ , and ضَرَّةٌ , and ضَرَّآءُ .]
Nounضَرُورِىٌّ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — necessary, indispensable; necessary knowledgegenerated

1

[Necessary knowledge]; as opposed to اِكْتِسَابِىٌّ [natural, bestowed by nature, instinctive, or such as the creature has by divine appointment], and as opposed to اِسْتِدْلَالِىٌّ [intuitive, immediate, axiomatic, or such as arises without thought, reflection, or intellectual examination of evidence or proof]. [See also بَدِيهِىٌّ.]

1.1

ضَرُورِيَّةٌ, as an adjective applied to a proposition, means qualified by the expression بِالضَّرُورَةِ (by necessity).

1.2

And the plural ضَرُورِيَّاتٌ means necessary, or indispensable, things.

Show Lane's original text
[Necessary knowledge]; as opposed to اِكْتِسَابِىٌّ , [natural, bestowed by nature, instinctive, or] such as the creature has by [divine] appointment; and, as opposed to اِسْتِدْلَالِىٌّ , [intuitive, immediate, axiomatic, or] such as originates without thought, or reflection, and intellectual examination of an evidence or a proof. (Kull.) [See also بَدِيهِىٌّ .] [ ضَرُورِيَّةٌ as an epithet applied to a proposition means Qualified by the expression بِالضَّرُورَةِ (by necessity). And the pl. ضَرُورِيَّاتٌ means Necessary, or indispensable, things.]
Nounضَرُورِيَّةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — necessitygenerated

1

Necessity.

1.1

As feminine of the adjective ضَرُورِىٌّ, see that word.

Show Lane's original text
[ Necessity. (See also ضَرُورَةٌ .) As fem. of the epithet ضَرُورِىٌّ , see this latter word.]
Nounضَرَّآءُ2 senses

Core sense — a hurtful state; hardship, distress; poverty; a long-lasting diseasegenerated

1figurative · مجاز — inferred

A hurtful state or condition; the opposite of سَرَّآءُ. Or hardship, distress, or straitness of condition [or of the means of subsistence]; the same as شِدَّةٌ, and also بَأْسَآءُ, like which it is a feminine noun without a masculine.

According to Fr, أَضُرٌّ and أَبْؤُسٌ may be used as plurals of these two nouns.

Or, according to Az, that evil which relates to the person, such as disease; whereas بأسآء is that which relates to property, such as poverty.

Or detriment, or loss, with respect to property and with respect to persons; also ضَرَّةٌ, or ضُرَّةٌ and ضَرَارَةٌ; and hence poverty; and punishment; and drought, or barrenness, or violent drought. [See also ضَارُورَآءُ.]

And disease of long continuance, or such as cripples and deprives of the power to move, stand, or walk; also ضَرَرٌ, as used in the Qurʾān 4:97. Or, according to Ibn-ʿArafeh, the latter there means a hurtful malady that cuts one off from serving in war against unbelievers and the like; and so ضَرَارَةٌ, relating to sight and the like.

Qur’ān 4:95 approximate — somewhere between 4:90 and 4:100 Lane cites “Kur iv. 97”
Lane cites “Bd in ii. 172” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given
Qur’ān 4:95 the verse Lane’s citation points to, and it uses this root
لَّا يَسْتَوِى ٱلْقَـٰعِدُونَ مِنَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُو۟لِى ٱلضَّرَرِ وَٱلْمُجَـٰهِدُونَ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ بِأَمْوَٰلِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ ۚ فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْمُجَـٰهِدِينَ بِأَمْوَٰلِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ عَلَى ٱلْقَـٰعِدِينَ دَرَجَةً ۚ وَكُلًّا وَعَدَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْحُسْنَىٰ ۚ وَفَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْمُجَـٰهِدِينَ عَلَى ٱلْقَـٰعِدِينَ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا

Not equal are those believers who sit (at home) and receive no hurt, and those who strive and fight in the cause of Allah with their goods and their persons. Allah hath granted a grade higher to those who strive and fight with their goods and persons than to those who sit (at home). Unto all (in Faith) Hath Allah promised good: But those who strive and fight Hath He distinguished above those who sit (at home) by a special reward,-Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

2

Also, according to Freytag, tangled trees in a valley; but the word with this meaning is correctly ضَرَآءٌ, belonging to art. ضرو and ضرى. He explains it also as meaning a bare, or an open, place, and the opposite, a place covered with trees, referring to the “Kitáb el-Addád”.

Qur’ānic occurrences ضَرَّآء 2 shown of 9
6:42
وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَآ إِلَىٰٓ أُمَمٍ مِّن قَبْلِكَ فَأَخَذْنَـٰهُم بِٱلْبَأْسَآءِ وَٱلضَّرَّآءِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَضَرَّعُونَ

Before thee We sent (messengers) to many nations, and We afflicted the nations with suffering and adversity, that they might learn humility.

11:10
وَلَئِنْ أَذَقْنَـٰهُ نَعْمَآءَ بَعْدَ ضَرَّآءَ مَسَّتْهُ لَيَقُولَنَّ ذَهَبَ ٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتُ عَنِّىٓ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ لَفَرِحٌ فَخُورٌ

But if We give him a taste of (Our) favours after adversity hath touched him, he is sure to say, "All evil has departed from me:" Behold! he falls into exultation and pride.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
A hurtful state or condition; (IAth;) contr. of سَرَّآءُ : (IAth, Msb:) or hardship, distress, or straitness of condition [or of the means of subsistence, or of the conveniences of life]; (AHeyth;) i. q. شِدَّةٌ ; (S, A, K;) as also بَأْسَآءُ , like which it is a fem. n. without a mase.; and accord. to Fr, أَضُرٌّ and أَبْؤُسٌ may be used as pls. of these two ns.: (S:) or, accord. to Az, that [evil] which relates to the person; as disease: whereas بأسآء is that which relates to property; as poverty: (Bd in ii. 172:) or detriment, or loss, with respect to property and with respect to persons; (A, K;) as also ضَرَّةٌ , or ضُرَّةٌ , (accord. to different copies of the K,) and ضَرَارَةٌ : (K:) and [hence] poverty: and punishment: and drought, or barrenness; or vehement, or intense, drought; (TA: [see also ضَارُورَآءُ :]) and disease of long continuance; or such as cripples, or deprives of the power to move or to stand or to walk; (A, K;) as also ضَرَرٌ , as used in the Kur iv. 97: or, accord. to Ibn-'Arafeh, the latter there means a hurtful malady that cuts one off from serving in war against unbelievers and the like; as also ضَرَارَةٌ ; relating to sight, &c. (TA.) [Also, accord. to Freytag, Tangled trees, in a valley: but the word having this meaning is correctly ضَرَآءٌ , belonging to art. ضرو and ضرى , q. v. And be explains it also as meaning a bare, or an open, place; and the contr. i. e. a place covered with trees; referring to the “ Kitáb el-Addád. ”]
Nounضَرَّارٌ1 sense

Core sense — one that harms, injures, or hurts muchgenerated

1

That harms, injures, or hurts much; mentioned in art. خلو.

Show Lane's original text
[That harms, injures, hurts, &c., much]. (TA in art. خلو .)
Nounضَارٌّ1 sense

Core sense — harming, injuring, hurting; noxiousgenerated

1He who benefits and who harms whomever He will, of His creatures—النَّافِعُ الضَّارُّ

An appellation of God.

Ism fāʿil of form 1: harming, injuring, or hurting; noxious.

Qur’ānic occurrences ضَآرّ 1 shown of 2
58:10
إِنَّمَا ٱلنَّجْوَىٰ مِنَ ٱلشَّيْطَـٰنِ لِيَحْزُنَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَلَيْسَ بِضَآرِّهِمْ شَيْـًٔا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ ٱللَّهِ ۚ وَعَلَى ٱللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ

Secret counsels are only (inspired) by the Evil One, in order that he may cause grief to the Believers; but he cannot harm them in the least, except as Allah permits; and on Allah let the Believers put their trust.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
[act. part. n. of 1; Harming, injuring, hurting, &c.; or that harms, &c.; noxious, injurious, &c.]. النَّافِعُ الضَّارُّ , an appellation of God, means He who benefiteth and who harmeth whomsoever He will, of his creatures. (TA.)
Nounضَارُورٌ1 sense

Core sense — necessity, need, or wantgenerated

1

See ضَرُورَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see ضَرُورَةٌ .
Nounضَارُورَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — necessity, need; hardship, distressgenerated

1

See ضَرَرٌ and ضَرُورَةٌ, in two places.

Show Lane's original text
: see ضَرَرٌ ; and ضَرُورَةٌ , in two places.
Nounضَارُورَآءُ1 sense

Core sense — drought; hardship, distress, or adversitygenerated

1

Drought; and hardship, distress, or adversity.

See also ضَرُورَةٌ. [And see ضُرٌّ and ضَرَّآءُ.]

Show Lane's original text
Drought: and hardship, distress, or adversity. (K.) See also ضَرُورَةٌ . [And see ضُرٌّ , and ضَرَّآءُ .]
Nounصِفَةٌ ٱضْطِرَارِيَّةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a natural qualitygenerated

1

The same as صِفَةٌ خِلْقِيَّةٌ, that is, a natural quality; opposed to ٱخْتِيَارِيَّةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
[ i. q. صِفَةٌ خِلْقِيَّةٌ i. e. A natural quality; opposed to ٱخْتِيَارِيَّةٌ .]
Nounتَضِرَّةٌ1 sense

Core sense — harm, injury, or hurtgenerated

1

This and تَضُرَّةٌ: see ضُرٌّ; and for the former see also ضَرَرٌ.

Show Lane's original text
and تَضُرَّةٌ : see ضُرٌّ : and for the former see also ضَرَرٌ .
Nounمُضِرٌّ3 senses

Core sense — approaching so near as to harm; having two wives at oncegenerated

1clouds approaching the earth—سَحَابٌ مُضِرٌّ

Approaching to a thing; and approaching so near as to harm, injure, or hurt.

2

Also a man having two wives, or having several wives at the same time. And a woman having a fellow-wife, or fellow-wives; having one or two fellow-wives; as also مُضِرَّةٌ.

3

And a man having a ضَرَّة of cattle; or one who has a ضَرَّة of cattle that return to him in the afternoon, or evening, from the place of pasture.

Show Lane's original text
Approaching (K, TA) to a thing: and approaching so near as to harm, injure, or hurt. (TA.) سَحَابٌ مُضِرٌّ means Clouds approaching the earth. (S, A.) Also A man having two wives, (S, K, *) or having [several] wives at the same time. (Msb.) And a woman having a fellow-wife, (TA,) or having fellow-wives; (S, Msb;) having a fellow-wife, or two fellow-wives; as also مُضِرَّةٌ . (K.) And A man having a ضَرَّة [q. v.] of cattle: (TA:) or who has a ضَرَّة of cattle that return to him in the afternoon, or evening, from the place of pasture. (S, TA.)
Nounمَضَرَّةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a cause, or means, of harm; harm, injury, or hurtgenerated

1

A cause, or means, of harm, injury, hurt, mischief, or damage; the opposite of مَنْفَعَةٌ. And simply harm, injury, or hurt; the same as ضَرَرٌ. Plural مَضَارُّ.

Show Lane's original text
A cause, or means, of harm, injury, hurt, mischief, or damage; contr. of مَنْفَعَةٌ : (S, TA:) [and simply] harm, injury, hurt, &c.; syn. ضَرَرٌ : pl. مَضَارُّ . (Msb.)
Nounمِضْرَارٌ1 sense

Core sense — a female that takes fright and runs away out of livelinessgenerated

1

A woman, and a she-camel, and a mare, that takes fright, and runs away, and goes at random, out of briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness.

Show Lane's original text
A woman, and a she-camel, and a mare, that takes fright, and runs away, and goes at random, ( تَنِدُّ وَتَرْكَبُ شِدْقَهَا ,) by reason of briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness. (IAar, K.)
Nounمَضْرُورٌ1 sense

Core sense — harmed, injured, or hurtgenerated

1

See ضَرِيرٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see ضَرِيرٌ .
Nounبَيْعُ المُضْطَرِّ1 sense

Core sense — the sale made by a man under compulsion or in needgenerated

1

This, which is forbidden in a tradition, is of two kinds.

One is the sale that a man is compelled to contract against his will; this is null.

The other is the sale to which a man is driven to consent because of a debt he has incurred or a burden that has come upon him, so that he sells what he has at a loss; this kind of sale is valid, though disapproved by the people of knowledge.

Show Lane's original text
, which is forbidden in a trad., is of two kinds: one is The sale that one is compelled to contract against his will; and this is null: the other is the sale to which one is necessitated to consent in consequence of a debt that he has incurred or of a burden that has come upon him, so that he sells at a loss that which is in his possession; and this kind of sale is valid, though disapproved by the people of knowledge. (IAth, TA.)