Core sense — the contrary, or opposite, of a thing; also the like, or equalgenerated
1the contrary, or opposite, of a thing—ضَدِيدٌ
Or ضِدُّ شَىْءٍ means what is repugnant to a thing, so that it would overcome it, as black is to white and death to life.
[Or, by the explanation of مُتَضَادَّانِ, what is inconsistent with a thing.]
Plural of the first: أَضَدَادٌ.
the contrary, or opposite, of a thing—ضَدِيدَةٌ
he is contrary, or opposed, to you—هُوَ ضِدُّكَ
he is contrary, or opposed, to you—ضَدِيدُكَ
As when you want what is long and he what is short; or you darkness and he light; or you to take one course and he another.
ضِدٌّ is sometimes a plural, or denotes a collective body, as in the phrase يَكُونُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ ضِدًّا in the Kurʾān [19:85], meaning: they shall be adversaries, or enemies, to them; or, according to 'Ikrimeh, helpers against them.
the people are assembled together against me in contention with me—القَوْمُ عَلَىَّ ضِدٌّ وَاحِدٌ
1.1in lexicology, a kind of homonym—ضِدٌّ
That is, a kind of مُشْتَرَك: a word that has two contrary meanings, as جَوْنٌ, which means both “black” and “white”, and جَلَلٌ, which means both “great” and “small”. Plural as above. (Mz, 26th نوع.)
[ضِدٌّ is itself a word of this kind, as what follows shows.]
1.2the like, or equal, of a thing—ضَدِيدٌ
The headword itself has this meaning too, so the word carries two contrary meanings.
there is no like, or equal, to him, or it—لَا ضِدَّ لَهُ
there is no like, or equal, to him, or it—لَا ضَدِيدَ لَهُ
the people, or party, found their equals, or fellows—لَقِىَ القَوْمُ أَضْدَادَهُمْ
Qur’ānic occurrences ضِدّ
19:82
كَلَّا ۚ سَيَكْفُرُونَ بِعِبَادَتِهِمْ وَيَكُونُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ ضِدًّاInstead, they shall reject their worship, and become adversaries against them.
Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.
Show Lane's original text
(S, L, Msb, K) and ضَدِيدٌ (S, L, K) and ضَدِيدَةٌ (Th, M) The contrary, or opposite, (AA, IAar, S, * M, Msb, K,) of a thing: (AA, Msb:) or ضِدُّ شَىْءٍ signifies that which is repugnant to a thing, so that it would overcome it; as black is to white, and death to life: (Lth, L:) [or, accord. to the explanation of مُتَضَادَّانِ in the Msb, that which is inconsistent with a thing:] pl. of the first أَضَدَادٌ . (S, Msb, &c.) One says also, هُوَ ضِدُّكَ and ضَدِيدُكَ He is contrary, or opposed, or repugnant, to thee; as when thou desirest what is long, and he, what is short; or thou, darkness, and he, light; or thou, to pursue one course, and he, to pursue another. (AHeyth, L.) And ضِدٌّ is sometimes a pl., (K,) or sometimes denotes a collective body; (Akh, S, L;) as in the phrase يَكُونُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ ضِدًّا , (S, L, K,) in the Kur [xix. 85], (S, L,) meaning They shall be adversaries, or enemies, to them: ('Ikrimeh, Jel:) or helpers against them. (Fr, Jel.) One says also, القَوْمُ عَلَىَّ ضِدٌّ وَاحِدٌ , meaning The people are assembled together against me in contention, or altercation, with me. (L.) ضِدٌّ in lexicology signifies A kind of مُشْتَرَك [or homonym]; being a word that has two contrary meanings; as جَوْنٌ , which means both “ black ” and “ white; ” and جَلَلٌ , which means both “ great ” and “ small ” pl. as above. (Mz, 26th نوع .) [ ضِدٌّ is itself a word of this kind, as is shown by what here follows.] Also, (AA, Th, S, L, Msb, K,) and ضَدِيدٌ , (S, L, K,) The like, or equal, (AA, Th, S, L, Msb, K,) of a thing. (AA, Msb.) Thus they have two contrary meanings. (K.) One says, لَا ضِدَّ لَهُ and لَا ضَدِيدَ لَهُ There is no like, or equal, to him, or it. (S, L.) And لَقِىَ القَوْمُ أَضْدَادَهُمْ The people, or party, found, or met, their equals, or fellows. (L.)