Core sense — summer, one of the seasons; the rain that falls in it; a female owlgenerated
1one of the seasons of the year, well known—صَيْف
As meaning a certain portion of the year, ISk says it is feminine; see شِتَآءٌ. [But others, I find, treat it as masculine.]
Lth says it is one of the quarters of the year, and that ordinary people apply it to a half of the year [i. e. the half-year beginning at the vernal equinox; the other half-year they call the شِتَآء].
Az says that with the Arabs it is the division which ordinary people in El-ʿIrāk and Khurāsān call the رَبِيع [i. e. the spring]; it consists of three months. The division next after it is with the Arabs the قَيْظ, and in it is the جَمْرَة of the قِيْظ; then, after this, comes the division called the خَرِيف, and then the division called the شِتَآء.
That is, it is the quarter of the year commonly called the رَبِيع, beginning when the sun enters Aries; but ordinary people apply it to the قَيْظ, which is the summer, the quarter beginning when the sun enters Cancer: see article زمن.
F says the صَيْف is the قَيْظ [i. e. summer, or the hot season], or the season after the رَبِيع. And Sgh says the صَيْف is one of the divisions of the year, coming after the رَبِيع.
[But unless this explanation in the O means only a common usage, and the second of the two explanations in the K is in effect a repetition, we must suppose that in each of them the ربيع means the season of rain so called, which ends in March: see the second of the two tables I have inserted at زَمَنٌ. Most probably, I think, both have been faultily copied from what follows here; for the S is largely copied in the O, and the S and O are among the main sources of the K, which generally follows the O where it differs, rightly or wrongly, from the S.]
The صَيْف is one of the divisions of the year: the one after [that called] الرَّبِيعُ الأَوَّلُ and before [that called] القَيْظُ.
[This can be rendered in two ways, both correct: the quarter after the two-month season called الربيع الاوّل (which ends in March) and before the quarter called القيظ (which is summer); and also the two-month season after that called الربيع الاوّل and before the similar season called القيظ — see the first of the two tables referred to above. But probably only the latter was meant by whoever first gave this explanation.]
The plural is أَصْيَافٌ and صُيُوفٌ.
صَيْفَةٌ is a more specific term [apparently meaning a single صَيْف: see form 2]; it is like شَتْوَةٌ, and its plural is صِيَفٌ, like بِدَرٌ, plural of بَدْرَةٌ.
الصَّيْفَ ضَيَّعْتِ اللَّبَنَ is a saying explained in article ضيع.
1.1the rain that comes in the season called صَيْف—الصَّيْفُ
[See again the second of the tables referred to above, and see also نَوٌْ.]
the same rain, and also the herbage it produces—الصَّيِّفُ
Or, according to Lth, this word means the rain that falls after the rain called the رَبِيع, and so does the former; it is also called الصَّيْفِىُّ, which likewise means the herbage it produces.
[the completion of the rain called the ربيع is that called the صيف]—تَمَامُ الرَّبِيعِ الصَّيْفُ
A proverb about the completing of the performance of a needful affair: the rain called the ربيع is the first rain, and the صيف is the one that comes after it.
1.2[a verse] at the end of سُورَةُ النِّسَآءِ—آيَةُ الصَّيْفِ
That is, the 4th chapter of the Qurʾān, but which verse I do not know. Mentioned in a tradition.
2
Also the female of the بُوم [or owl].
Show Lane's original text
as signifying A certain portion of the year is said by ISk to be fem.: (TA, voce شِتَآءٌ ; q. v.:) [but by others I find it treated as masc.:] the صَيْف as meaning one of the seasons is well known: (M:) Lth says, it is one of the quarters of the year; and is applied by the vulgar to a half of the year [i. e. to the half-year commencing at the vernal equinox; the other half-year being called by them the شِتَآء ]: Az says, it is, with the Arabs, the division which the vulgar in El-'Irák and Khurásán call the رَبِيع [i. e. the spring]; it consists of three months; and the division that next follows it is with the Arabs the قَيْظ ; and in it is the جَمْرَة [q. v.] of the قِيْظ ; then, after this, is the division called the خَرِيف ; and then, after this, the division called the شِتَآء : (TA:) [i. e.] it is the quarter of the year vulgarly called the رَبِيع , commencing when the sun enters Aries: but is applied by the vulgar to the قَيْظ , which is the [summer, i. e.] the quarter commencing when the sun enters Cancer: (Msb in art. زمن ; q. v.:) [F says,] the صَيْف is the قَيْظ [i. e. summer, or the hot season]; or [the season] after the رَبِيع : (K:) and [Sgh says,] the صَيْف is one of the divisions of the year; which is after the رَبِيع : (O:) [but unless this explanation in the O denote only a vulgar meaning, and the latter of the two explanations in the K be virtually a repetition, we must suppose that, in each of them, by the ربيع is meant the season of rain thus termed, which ends in March: (see the latter of the two tables which I have inserted voce زَمَنٌ :) most probably, I think, both have been faultily transcribed from what here follows; for the S is largely copied in the O, and the S and O are among the principal sources of the K, which generally follows the O when it differs (rightly or wrongly) from the S:] the صَيْف is one of the divisions of the year; which is after [that called] الرَّبِيعُ الأَوَّلُ and before [that called] القَيْظُ : (S:) [this admits of two renderings, both of which are correct; namely, the quarter after the season of two months called الربيع الاوّل (which ends in March) and before the quarter called القيظ (which is summer); and also the season of two months after that called الربيع الاوّل and before the similar season called القيظ : (see the former of the two tables to which I have referred above:) but probably the latter only was meant by him who first gave. this explanation:] the pl. is أَصْيَافٌ (M, O, K) and صُيُوفٌ : (M, Msb:) صَيْفَةٌ is a more particular term [app. meaning A single صَيْف ; (see 2;)]; it is like شَتْوَةٌ [q. v.]; (O, K;) and its pl. is صِيَفٌ , like بِدَرٌ pl. of بَدْرَةٌ . (Fr, O, K.) الصَّيْفَ ضَيَّعْتِ اللَّبَنَ is a saying expl. in art. ضيع [q. v.]. (O, K.) الصَّيْفُ also signifies The rain that comes in the [season called] صَيْف ; (S, O, Msb, K;) [see, again, the second of the tables to which I have referred above, and see also نَوٌْ ;] and (O, K) so الصَّيِّفُ ; (M, O, K;) also signifying the herbage thereof: (M:) or, (K,) accord. to Lth, (O,) the latter signifies the rain that falls after the division [a mistake for the rain] called the رَبِيع ; (O, K;) and so the former; (K;) and it is also called الصَّيْفِىُّ ; (O, K;) which likewise signifies the herbage thereof. (TA.) Hence the prov., relating to the completing of the performance of a needful affair, تَمَامُ الرَّبِيعِ الصَّيْفُ [The completion of the rain called the ربيع is that called the صيف ]: for the rain called the ربيع is the first rain, and the صيف is that which is [next] after it. (TA.) آيَةُ الصَّيْفِ is [A verse] in the end ( آخِر ) of سُورَةُ النِّسَآءِ [the 4th chapter of the Kur-án, but which verse I know not], mentioned in a tradition. (TA.) Also The female of the بُوم [or owl]. (Kr, M.)