صوم

Form 1 · Form 8 · 10 entries · Qur'ānic frequency 14

Form 1صَامَ8 senses · 3 main

maṣdarصَوْمٌ صِيَامٌmuḍāriʿيَصُومُ

Core sense — he abstained; he fasted; it became stillgenerated

1.1figurative · مجازa man's abstaining from eating—صَوْمٌ

and اِصْطَامَ.

he fasted during the month—صام الشَّهْرَ

He abstained, in an absolute sense: this is the primary meaning. Some say this is the meaning in the proper language of the Arabs, while in the language of the law he observed a particular kind of abstinence, that is, he abstained from food, drink, and sexual intercourse; and, by a figurative use, from speech.

This is in the proper language of the Arabs. By a secondary use, a particular serving of God [by fasting], that is, abstaining from eating, drinking, and sexual intercourse from daybreak to sunset. Kh: it properly means standing without work.

That is, صام فِى الشَّهْرِ; agreeing with what is said in the Qur'ān 2:181.

truly I have vowed to the Compassionate a fast—إِنِّى نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمٰنِ صَوْمًا

the horse stood without eating fodder, or abstained from eating fodder—صام الفَرَسُ

I'Ab says that in this saying, in the Qur'ān 19:27, what is meant is an abstaining from speech.

he abstained from going along, or journeying—صام عَنِ السَّيْرِ

Qur’ān 2:180 approximate — somewhere between 2:178 and 2:187 Lane cites “Kur ii. 181”

1.1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredthe sun became [apparently] stationary [in the mid-heaven], or attained its full height—صامت الشَّمْسُ

1.1.2figurative · مجازthe day reached its midpoint—صام النَّهَارُ

1.1.3figurative · مجازthe wind became still, or calm—صامت الرِّيحُ

1.1.4figurative · مجاز — inferredthe water became still, or motionless—صام المَآءُ

and probably صَوْمٌ also.

Synonymous with قَامَ and دَامَ.

1.1.5figurative · مجازthe ostrich cast forth its dung—صام النَّعَامُ

it cast forth what was in its belly—صام النَّهَارُ

The verb is used in the same sense of the domestic fowl, because each stands still while doing this, or because each becomes calm once what causes it annoyance has passed out.

According to some copies of the M. Said of the نهار, by which is meant here the young one of the كَرَوَان [or rather of the bustard called حُبَارَى].

1.2he tasted, or experienced, his death—صام مَنِيَّتَهُ

Same in meaning as ذَاقَهَا.

1.3he (a man) shaded himself by means of the tree called صَوْم—صَامَ

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1

2:184

أَيَّامًا مَّعْدُودَٰتٍ ۚ فَمَن كَانَ مِنكُم مَّرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِّنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ ۚ وَعَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُۥ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ ۖ فَمَن تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَّهُۥ ۚ وَأَن تَصُومُوا۟ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ ۖ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ

(Fasting) for a fixed number of days; but if any of you is ill, or on a journey, the prescribed number (Should be made up) from days later. For those who can do it (With hardship), is a ransom, the feeding of one that is indigent. But he that will give more, of his own free will,- it is better for him. And it is better for you that ye fast, if ye only knew.

2:185

شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أُنزِلَ فِيهِ ٱلْقُرْءَانُ هُدًى لِّلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَـٰتٍ مِّنَ ٱلْهُدَىٰ وَٱلْفُرْقَانِ ۚ فَمَن شَهِدَ مِنكُمُ ٱلشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ ۖ وَمَن كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِّنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ ۗ يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ بِكُمُ ٱلْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ ٱلْعُسْرَ وَلِتُكْمِلُوا۟ ٱلْعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ مَا هَدَىٰكُمْ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ

Ramadhan is the (month) in which was sent down the Qur'an, as a guide to mankind, also clear (Signs) for guidance and judgment (Between right and wrong). So every one of you who is present (at his home) during that month should spend it in fasting, but if any one is ill, or on a journey, the prescribed period (Should be made up) by days later. Allah intends every facility for you; He does not want to put to difficulties. (He wants you) to complete the prescribed period, and to glorify Him in that He has guided you; and perchance ye shall be grateful.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

, (S, M, &c.,) aor. يَصُومُ , (Msb,) inf. n. صَوْمٌ , and صِيَامٌ ; (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) and اِصْطَامَ ; (M, K;) He abstained, (Msb, TA,) in an absolute sense: (Msb:) this is the primary signification: (TA:) [or] this is said to be the signification in the proper language of the Arabs: (Msb:) and in the language of the law, (Msb, TA,) he observed a particular kind of abstinence; (Msb;) i. e. (TA) he abstained from food (S, M, K, TA) and drink (M, K, TA) and coïtus: (M, K:) and (S, * M, &c.) by a tropical application, (TA,) from speech: (S, * M, Mgh, Msb, * K, TA:) or صَوْمٌ in the proper language of the Arabs signifies a man's abstaining from eating: and by a secondary application, a particular serving of God [by fasting]; (Mgh;) [i. e.] the abstaining from eating and drinking and coïtus from daybreak to sunset: (KT:) accord. to Kh, it signifies [properly] the standing without work. (S.) صام الشَّهْرَ means صام فِى الشَّهْرِ [He fasted during the month]: agreeably with what is said in the Kur ii. 181. (TA.) And it is said (S, M) by I'Ab (S) that the saying, in the Kur [xix. 27], (S, M,) إِنِّى نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمٰنِ صَوْمًا means [Verily I have vowed unto the Compassionate] an abstaining from speech. (S, M, Msb.) One says also, صام الفَرَسُ , inf. n. صَوْمٌ (S, M) and صِيَامٌ , (M,) The horse stood without eating of fodder; (S;) or abstained from the eating of fodder. (M, A, Mgh.) And صام عَنِ السَّيْرِ He abstained from going along, or journeying. (TA.) [Hence,] صامت الشَّمْسُ The sun became [apparently] stationary [in the mid-heaven]: (T, TA:) or attained its full height. (M, TA.) And صام النَّهَارُ , (inf. n. صَوْمٌ , S,) The day reached its midpoint. (S, M, Mgh, K, TA.) And صامت الرِّيحُ , (M, TA,) inf. n. صَوْمٌ , (S, K,) The wind became still, or calm. (S, M, K, TA.) And صام المَآءُ , [inf. n. صِيَامٌ (see صُلَاقَةٌ ) and probably صَوْمٌ also,] The water became still, or motionless; syn. قَامَ and دَامَ . (TA.) And صام النَّعَامُ , (M, K,) inf. n. صَوْمٌ , (M,) The ostrich cast forth its dung; (M, K, TA;) and in the same sense the verb is used in relation to the domestic fowl; because each stands still in doing this, or because each becomes tranquil by reason of the passing forth of that which occasions annoyance: and accord. to [some one or more of the copies of] the M, صام النَّهَارُ , inf. n. صَوْمٌ , The نهار , by which is here meant the young one of the كَرَوَان , [or rather of the bustard called حُبَارَى ,] cast forth what was in its belly. (TA.) صام مَنِيَّتَهُ i. q. ذَاقَهَا [He tasted, or experienced, his death]. (K.) And صَامَ He (a man) shaded himself by means of the tree called صَوْم . (K.)

Form 8إِصْتَوَمَ1 sense

Core sense — he abstained; he fastedgenerated

8.1

See form 1, first sentence.

Show Lane's original text

see 1, first sentence.

Derived nouns 8

Nounصَوْمٌ6 senses · 4 main

Core sense — abstinence, fasting; Ramaḍān; a Christian churchgenerated

A maṣdar of form 1.

1.1figurative · مجاز[the month of] Ramaḍān—الصَّوْمُ

Apparently for وَقْتُ الصَّوْمِ.

I stayed in El-Baṣrah two Ramaḍāns—أَقَمْتُ بِالبَصْرَةِ صَوْمَيْنِ

A saying of Aboo-Zeyd.

1.2figurative · مجاز — inferreda Christian church—صَوْمٌ

Synonymous with بِيعَةٌ, as though for مَحَلُّ الصَّوْمِ, that is, الوَقْفِ, the place of station. Hooker, speaking of the ancient usage of the Church, says that their manner was to stand at prayer, so that their meetings for that purpose were called stations.

See also صَائِمٌ.

3figurative · مجاز — inferred

Also the dung of the ostrich.

In the dialect of Hudheyl: certain trees, or a certain tree — the ism waḥda being with ة — shaped like the figure of a human being and very ugly in appearance, without leaves, the fruits of which are called رُؤُوسُ الشَّيَاطِينِ, that is, [the heads] of the serpents [see شَيْطَانٌ and زَقُّومٌ].

AHn says that they have what are termed هَدَب, that their branches do not spread out, and that they grow in the manner of the species of tamarisk called أَثْل but are not so tall, mostly growing in the districts of Benoo-Shebábeh.

Show Lane's original text

an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (S, M, &c.) [Hence,] الصَّوْمُ [app. for وَقْتُ الصَّوْمِ ] means also [The month of] Ramadán: (K, TA:) whence the saying of Aboo-Zeyd, أَقَمْتُ بِالبَصْرَةِ صَوْمَيْنِ , meaning [I remained, stayed, dwelt, or abode, in El-Basrah] two Ramadáns. (TA.) And [in like manner] صَوْمٌ also means A Christian church; syn. بِيعَةٌ : (S, K, TA:) as though for مَحَلُّ الصَّوْمِ i. e. الوَقْفِ [the place of station: for, as Hooker says, speaking of the ancient usage of the Church, “ their manner was to stand at prayer, whereupon their meetings unto that purpose had the names of stations given them ”]. (TA.) See also صَائِمٌ . Also The dung of the ostrich. (S, M, K.) And, in the dial. of Hudheyl, (S,) Certain trees, (S, M,) or a certain tree, (K,) [but] the n. un. is with ة , of the form of the figure of a human being, (M,) ugly in appearance, (M, K,) very much so, the fruits of which are called رُؤُوسُ الشَّيَاطِينِ , i. e. [the heads] of the serpents, [see شَيْطَانٌ and زَقُّومٌ ,] not having leaves: AHn says that they have [what are termed] هَدَب [q. v.], their branches do not spread forth, they grow in the manner of the [species of tamarisk called] أَثْل , but are not so tall, and mostly grow in the districts of Benoo-Shebábeh. (M.)

Nounصَامَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a single act of abstaining, or of fastinggenerated

For صَوْمَةٌ, the maṣdar of unity of صَامَ; see a verse cited under تَابَ in art. توب.

Show Lane's original text

, for صَوْمَةٌ , inf. n. of un. of صَامَ : see a verse cited voce تَابَ , in art. توب .

Nounصَوْمَانُ1 sense

Core sense — abstaining, fastinggenerated

See صَائِمٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see صَائِمٌ .

Nounأَرْضٌ صَوَامٌ1 sense

Core sense — dry land or ground in which there is no watergenerated

Dry land or ground in which there is no water.

Show Lane's original text

Dry land or ground, in which is no water. (K.)

Nounصَوَّامٌ1 sense

Core sense — one who abstains, or fasts, much or oftengenerated

1a man who fasts often by day and rises often at night [to pray]—رَجُلٌ صَوَّامٌ قَوَّامٌ

Like صَائِمٌ, but with an intensive meaning: abstaining, and the like, much or often.

Show Lane's original text

is like صَائِمٌ but having an intensive signification [i. e. meaning Abstaining, &c., much or often]. (Msb.) One says رَجُلٌ صَوَّامٌ قَوَّامٌ , meaning A man who fasts ( يَصُومُ ) [often] in the day, and who rises [often] in the night [to pray]. (TA.)

Nounصَائِمٌ4 senses · 1 main

Core sense — abstaining, fasting; standing still, said of a horsegenerated

1figurative · مجاز — inferredabstaining, fasting—صَوْمَانُ

abstaining, fasting—صَوْمٌ

Abstaining, in an absolute sense: this is said to be the meaning in the proper language of the Arabs. In the language of the law: observing a particular kind of abstinence, that is, abstaining from food, drink, and sexual intercourse; and, by a figurative use, from speech. Applied to a man.

Applied to a man, to a woman, to two men, and to a plural number; it is a maṣdar used as an adjective, or else a plural — rather an ism jamʿ — like زَوْرٌ, as in the M under ضَيْفٌ.

abstaining from eating—صَائِمٌ

This is in the proper language of the Arabs; and by a secondary use, serving God in a particular manner [by fasting]. AO: any creature abstaining from food, or from speech, or from going along or journeying.

Plural صِيَامٌ, صُوَّمٌ, صُيَّمٌ, صِيَّمٌ, صُوَّامٌ, صُيَّامٌ, and صَيَامَى, the last of which [written in the CK صُيَامَى] is irregular.

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

Applied to a horse: standing still without eating fodder, or without eating anything; or abstaining from eating fodder; or, as Az says in art. صون, standing upon his four legs.

1.2figurative · مجاز — inferreda sheave of a pulley that stays still and will not turn—بَكْرَةٌ صَائِمَةٌ

1.3figurative · مجاز — inferredwater that is still, or motionless—مَآءٌ صَائِمٌ

Synonymous with قَائِمٌ and دَائِمٌ.

Show Lane's original text

Abstaining, in an absolute sense: this is said to be the signification in the proper language of the Arabs: and in the language of the law, observing a particular kind of abstinence; (Msb;) [i. e.] abstaining from food (S, M, K) and drink and coïtus: and, [by a tropical application, (see 1, first sentence,)] from speech: (M, K:) it is applied to a man: (S, M, Msb:) and صَوْمَانُ signifies the same, (S, K,) so applied; (S;) as also صَوْمٌ , (M, K,) applied to a man, (M,) and to a woman, and to two men, (TA,) and to a pl. number; (M, K;) being an inf. n. used as an epithet; (TA;) or it is a pl., [or rather quasi-pl. n.,] like زَوْرٌ : (M voce ضَيْفٌ :) or, in the proper language of the Arabs, صَائِمٌ signifies abstaining from eating: and by a secondary application, serving God in a particular manner [by fasting: see again 1, first sentence]: (Mgh:) accord. to AO, it signifies any creature abstaining from food, or from speech, or from going along or journeying: (S, Msb:) pl. صِيَامٌ and صُوَّمٌ (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and صُيَّمٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and صِيَّمٌ and صُوَّامٌ and صُيَّامٌ and صَيَامَى , (M, K,) the last of which [written in the CK صُيَامَى ] is extr. (M.) Applied to a horse, Standing still (S, (M, Msb) without eating of fodder (S, Msb) or without eating anything: (M:) or abstaining from the eating of fodder: (Mgh:) or standing upon his four legs. (Az in art. صون , and TA.) And بَكْرَةٌ صَائِمَةٌ A sheave of a pulley that remains still, (Mgh, TA,) that will not revolve. (S, Mgh, TA.) And مَآءٌ صَائِمٌ Water that is still, or motionless; syn. قَائِمٌ and دَائِمٌ . (Mgh, TA.)

Nounمَصَامٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — the standing-place of a horse; the place from which the Pleiades hanggenerated

1figurative · مجازthe station, or standing-place, of a horse—مَصَامَةٌ

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredthe [imaginary] place from which the asterism [the Pleiades] hangs—مَصَامُ النَّجْمِ

Imra-el-Keys says: [As though the Pleiades were hung, in their place of suspension, by ropes of flax, to hard and solid rocks — that is, they seemed to be stationary; he means that the night was long and tiresome to him]

shāhid

كَأَنَّ الثُّرَيَّا عُلّقَتْ فِى مَصَامِهَابِأَمْرَاسِ كَتَّانٍ إِلَى صُمِّ جَنْدَلِ

See EM p. 36, where a reading of the first hemistich different from the one above is given, with the same and another reading of the second.

1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredI came to him when the sun was in the middle of the sky—جِئْتُهُ وَالشَّمْسُ فِى مَصَامِهَا

Show Lane's original text

The station, or standing-place, of a horse; as also مَصَامَةٌ . (S, K, TA.) And مَصَامُ النَّجْمِ The [imaginary] place of suspension of the asterism [meaning the Pleiades]. (M.) Imra-el-Keys says, 1 [As though the Pleiades were hung, in their place of suspension, by means of ropes of flax, to hard and solid rocks: i. e. they seemed as though they were stationary: he means that the night was tedious to him]. (S. [See EM p. 36, where a reading of the former hemistich different from that above is given, with the same and another reading of the latter hemistich.]) كَأَنَّ الثُّرَيَّا عُلّقَتْ فِى مَصَامِهَا | بِأَمْرَاسِ كَتَّانٍ إِلَى صُمِّ جَنْدَلِ One says also, جِئْتُهُ وَالشَّمْسُ فِى مَصَامِهَا , meaning [I came to him when the sun was] in the middle of the sky. (TA.)

Nounمَصَامَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — the standing-place of a horsegenerated

See the preceding entry.

Show Lane's original text

: see the next preceding paragraph.