صدر

Form 1 · Form 2 · Form 3 · Form 4 · Form 5 · Form 6 · 24 entries · Qur'ānic frequency 46

Form 1صَدَرَ6 senses · 3 main

muḍāriʿـُيَفْعُلُ·ـِيَفْعِلُmaṣdarصَدْرٌ صُدُورٌ

Core sense — he returned, went back, from water; it proceeded from him; he struck his breastgenerated

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

Muḍāriʿ صَدُرَ and صَدِرَ; maṣdar صَدْرٌ, صُدُورٌ, مَصْدَرٌ, and مَزْدَرٌ, this last because of the similarity [of the letters ص and ز].

He returned, went back; and he went, or turned, away, from water, from a country or place, and from any affair.

1.1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredthe saying issued, proceeded, or emanated, عَنْهُ from him—صَدَرَ القَوْلُ

the action proceeded from him—صَدَرَ عَنْهُ الفِعْلُ

With the same muḍāriʿ and maṣdar.

1.1.2he went to it; he came to it—صَدَرَ إِلَيْهِ

The object being a place.

1.2

صَدَرَهُ: see form 4.

1.3I struck him and hit his breast—ضَرَبْتُهُ فَصَدَرْتُهُ

Also: he hit, struck, or hurt, his صَدْر [i.e. breast].

1.3.1he had a complaint of the صَدْر [or chest]—صَدِرَ

See its ism mafʿūl below.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1

99:6

يَوْمَئِذٍ يَصْدُرُ ٱلنَّاسُ أَشْتَاتًا لِّيُرَوْا۟ أَعْمَـٰلَهُمْ

On that Day will men proceed in companies sorted out, to be shown the deeds that they (had done).

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) aor. صَدُرَ (S, M, Msb, K) and صَدِرَ , (K,) inf. n. صَدْرٌ (S, M, A, Msb, K) and صُدُورٌ (A, TA) and مَصْدَرٌ (M, K) and مَزْدَرٌ because of the similarity [of the letters ص and ز ], (M,) He returned, went back; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) and went, or turned, away; (Msb;) from ( عَنْ ) water, (S, M, A,) and a country, (S, M,) or a place, (Msb,) and any affair. (Lth.) Hence, صَدَرَ القَوْلُ , aor. صَدُرَ , inf. n. صُدُورٌ , [The saying issued, proceeded, or emanated, عَنْهُ from him.] (Msb.) [And صَدَرَ عَنْهُ الفِعْلُ , with the same aor. and inf. n., The action proceeded from him.] And صَدَرَ إِلَيْهِ He went to it; namely, a place: (TA:) he came to it. (Kull. p. 228.) صَدَرَهُ : see 4. Also, (M, K,) aor. صَدُرَ , inf. n. صَدْرٌ , (M,) He hit, struck, or hurt, his صَدْر [i. e. breast]. (M, K.) You say, ضَرَبْتُهُ فَصَدَرْتُهُ I struck him and hit his breast. (A.) And صَدِرَ He had a complaint of the صَدْر [or chest]. (M, K.) [See its part. n., below.]

Form 2صدّرهُ7 senses · 3 main

maṣdarتَصْدِيرٌ

Core sense — he seated him in the highest place; he put a title to his bookgenerated

2.1

See form 4.

2.2he tied a cord from the girth of his camel to the part behind [or beyond] the callous lump on his breast—صدّر بَعِيرَهُ

he tied a cord from the تَصْدِير [or breast-girth] to the part behind [or beyond] the callous lump on his camel's breast—صدّر عَنْ بَعِيرِهِ

Lth gives this second form, the purpose being to keep the تصدير in its place when it had become loose because the animal had grown lank in the belly.

The cord mentioned above is called سِنَافٌ.

2.2.1he put the breast-girth on the camel—صدّر عَلَى البَعِيرِ

Apparently this is the meaning; from التَّصْدِيرُ, i.e. “the girth” [thus called].

2.2.2his breast became wetted with sweat—صُدِّرَ

Said of a horse. See form 5.

2.2.3figurative · مجاز — inferredhe seated him in the upper, or highest, part of the sitting-room, or sitting-place—صدّرهُ

Also صدّرهُ فِى المَجْلِسِ.

he was advanced, or promoted—صُدِّرَ

2.2.4figurative · مجازhe put a صَدْر, i.e. a title or a commencement, to his book or writing—صدّر كِتَابَهُ

Maṣdar as above.

he commenced his book, or writing, with such a thing—صدّر كِتَابَهُ بِكَذَا

2.3

See also form 5, where it is explained as intransitive, in two places.

Show Lane's original text

: see 4. صدّر بَعِيرَهُ , (K,) inf. n. تَصْدِيرٌ , (TA,) He tied a cord from the girth of his camel to the part behind [or beyond] the callous lump on his breast: (K, TA:) or, accord. to Lth, (L,) one says, صدّر عَنْ بَعِيرِهِ , (M, L,) and the meaning is, he tied a cord from the تَصْدِير [or breast-girth] to the part behind [or beyond] the callous lump on the breast of his camel, to keep the تصدير in its place, when it had become loose in consequence of the animal's having become lank in the belly: the cord above mentioned is called سِنَافٌ [q. v.]. (Lth, L.) And صدّر عَلَى البَعِيرِ [app. He put the breast-girth upon the camel]: from التَّصْدِيرُ , i. e. “ the girth ” [thus called]. (MA.) صُدِّرَ His (a horse's) breast became wetted with sweat. (S.) See 5. صدّرهُ , (TA,) or صدّرهُ فِى المَجْلِسِ , (S,) He placed him, or seated him, in the upper, or highest, part in the sitting-room, or sitting-place. (TA.) And صُدِّرَ He was advanced, or promoted. (A.) صدّر كِتَابَهُ , (S, K,) inf. n. as above, (K,) He put to his book, or writing, a صَدْر , (S, K, TA,) i. e. a title, or a commencement. (TA.) And صدّر كِتَابَهُ بِكَذَا [He commenced his book, or writing, with such a thing]. (A.) See also 5, where it is expl. as intrans., in two places.

Form 3مُصَادَرَةٌ4 senses · 2 main

Core sense — returning together from water; exacting a fine or a debtgenerated

3.1he returned, or went back, with him from water and the like—صادرهُ

The verb is probably transitive in all its senses, by general analogy; this appears to be its primary meaning.

The returning, or going back — apparently with another, from water and the like.

3.1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

Ibr D thinks it also signifies: he vied, or contended, with him for precedence, or priority.

3.2figurative · مجاز — inferredhe demanded of him, or sued him for, such an amount of property—صادرهُ عَلَى كَذَا مِنَ المَالِ

Also the exacting of a fine or the like [apparently from another: or the suing, or prosecuting, another for a debt and the like].

3.2.1figurative · مجاز — inferredI released him from my reckoning with him on terms agreed by us both—صَادَرْتُهُ عَلَى كَذَ ا وَكَذَا

See the article فرق.

he was released from being reckoned with on condition of paying certain property for which he became responsible—صُودِرَ عَلَى مَالٍ يُؤَدِّيهِ

Said of an agent; a phrase used by registrars of accounts.

Show Lane's original text

signifies The returning, or going back, [app. with another, from water, &c.] (KL.) [The verb is probably trans., agreeably with general analogy, in all its senses; صادرهُ app. signifying primarily He returned, or went back, with him from water &c. Ibr D thinks that it signifies also He vied, or contended, with him for precedence, or priority.] Also The exacting a fine or the like [app. from another: or the suing, or prosecuting, another, for a debt &c.]. (KL.) You say, صادرهُ عَلَى كَذَا مِنَ المَالِ (S, * K, * TA) He desired, or sought, to obtain from him; or he demanded of him; or he sued, or prosecuted, him for; such a sum, or such an amount, of property. (K, * TA.) And صَادَرْتُهُ عَلَى كَذَ ا وَكَذَا I released him from my reckoning with him on such and such terms agreed upon by both. (TA in art. فرق .) And صُودِرَ عَلَى مَالٍ يُؤَدِّيهِ He (an agent) was released from being reckoned with ( فُورِقَ ) on the condition of his paying certain property for which he became responsible: a phrase of the registrars of accounts. (TA in the present art.)

Form 4اصدرهُ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — he sent him back from water; he began a thing and completed itgenerated

4.1figurative · مجاز — inferredhe caused him to return; he sent, or brought, him back, or away, from water, a country [or place], and any affair—صَدَرَهُ

Also صدّرهُ.

we brought our riding-camels back satisfied with drink—أَصْدَرْنَا رِكَابَنَا

So that we did not have to stay with them for the sake of the water.

he brought it and he took it away—أَوْرَدَهُ وَأَصْدَرَهُ

4.1.1figurative · مجازhe began and completed—أَوْرَدَ وَأَصْدَرَ

when he begins a thing, or an affair, he completes it—إِذَا أَوْرَدَ أَمْرًا أَصْدَرَهُ

such a one begins and does not complete—فُلَانٌ يُورِدُ وَلَا يُصْدِرُ

4.1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredhe issued forth the saying; he made it to issue, proceed, or emanate, عَنْهُ from him—اصدر القَوْلَ

he, or it, made the action to proceed from him—اصدر عَنْهُ الفِعْلَ

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 4

28:23

وَلَمَّا وَرَدَ مَآءَ مَدْيَنَ وَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ أُمَّةً مِّنَ ٱلنَّاسِ يَسْقُونَ وَوَجَدَ مِن دُونِهِمُ ٱمْرَأَتَيْنِ تَذُودَانِ ۖ قَالَ مَا خَطْبُكُمَا ۖ قَالَتَا لَا نَسْقِى حَتَّىٰ يُصْدِرَ ٱلرِّعَآءُ ۖ وَأَبُونَا شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ

And when he arrived at the watering (place) in Madyan, he found there a group of men watering (their flocks), and besides them he found two women who were keeping back (their flocks). He said: "What is the matter with you?" They said: "We cannot water (our flocks) until the shepherds take back (their flocks): And our father is a very old man."

Show Lane's original text

, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) and صَدَرَهُ , (M, K,) and صدّرهُ , (K,) He caused him to return; sent him, or brought him, back, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) or away; (Msb;) from ( عَنْ ) water, and a country [or place], (S,) and any affair. (Lth.) You say, أَصْدَرْنَا رِكَابَنَا We sent, or brought, back our riding-camels satisfied with drink so that it was not necessary for us to remain with them for the sake of the water. (TA.) And أَوْرَدَهُ وَأَصْدَرَهُ He brought it and he took it away. (Har p. 361.) [Hence,] أَوْرَدَ وَأَصْدَرَ He began and completed. (TA.) You say, إِذَا أَوْرَدَ أَمْرًا أَصْدَرَهُ When he begins a thing, or an affair, he completes it. (A.) And فُلَانٌ يُورِدُ وَلَا يُصْدِرُ Such a one begins and does not complete. (A.) And اصدر القَوْلَ [He issued forth the saying; made it to issue, proceed, or emanate, عَنْهُ from him]. (Msb. [See 1.]) [And اصدر عَنْهُ الفِعْلَ He, or it, made the action to proceed from him.]

Form 5تصدّر3 senses · 1 main

maṣdarتَصْدِيرٌ

Core sense — he sat in the highest place; he outreached the other horses with his chestgenerated

5.1

He erected his chest in sitting; said of a man.

5.1.1figurative · مجازhe outreached the other horses with his chest—صدّر

Said of a horse.

This verb is afterwards explained in the K as meaning بَرَزَ بِرَأْسِهِ, but that is a mistake.

Tufeyl says, describing a horse: [As though he were, after they had outreached with their chests, from a row of other horses, a wolf that had exposed himself to rain during part of the night and had become wetted:]

shāhid

كَأَنَّهُ بَعْدَ مَا صَدَّرْنَ مِنْ عَرَقٍسِيدٌ تَمَطَّرَ جِنْحَ اللَّيْلِ مَبْلُولُ

According to one relation it is صُدِّرْنَ, meaning their breasts were wetted [ مِنْ عَرَقٍ ] by reason of sweat; but the former reading is the better.

5.1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredhe became advanced to the foremost place for conducting the affairs of the people—تصدّر لِأُمُورِ النَّاسِ

Also: he sat, or was placed or seated, in the upper, or highest, part of the sitting-room, or sitting-place; and: he became advanced, or promoted.

Show Lane's original text

He [a man, TA) erected his chest in sitting. (M, K.) He [a horse) outreached the other horses with his chest; (M, K, * TA;) as also صدّر , (S, * M, MA, K,) inf. n. تَصْدِيرٌ : the latter verb is afterwards expl. in the K as meaning بَرَزَ بِرَأْسِهِ ; but this is a mistake. (TA.) Tufeyl says, describing a horse, 1 As though he were, after they had outreached with their chests, from a row of [other] horses, [a wolf that had exposed himself to rain during a portion of the night, and had become wetted:] but accord. to one relation, it is صُدِّرْنَ , meaning their breasts were wetted [ مِنْ عَرَقٍ ] by reason of sweat: the former reading, however is the better. (S.) كَأَنَّهُ بَعْدَ مَا صَدَّرْنَ مِنْ عَرَقٍ | سِيدٌ تَمَطَّرَ جِنْحَ اللَّيْلِ مَبْلُولُ Also He sat, or became placed or seated, in the upper, or highest, part in the sitting-room, or sitting-place. (S, * K, * TA.) And He became advanced, or promoted. (A.) تصدّر لِأُمُورِ النَّاسِ [He became advanced to the foremost place for the conducting of the affairs of the people]. (Har p. 194.)

Form 6تصادروا2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — they returned together from water; they released one another from reckoninggenerated

6.1

Apparently: they returned together from water and the like. This meaning seems to be indicated by the context in the A.

6.1.1figurative · مجازthey released one another from being reckoned with, by mutual agreement, on such terms as they would—تصادروا عَلَى مَا شَاؤُوا

Apparently this is the meaning; see form 3.

Show Lane's original text

[app. They returned together from water, &c.]. (A. [This meaning seems to be there indicated by the context.]) And one says, تصادروا عَلَى مَا شَاؤُوا [app. meaning They released one another from being reckoned with, by mutual agreement, on such terms as they would: see 3]. (A.)

Derived nouns 18

Nounصَدْرٌ8 senses · 1 main

Core sense — the breast, chest, or bosom; the fore or first part of anything; a chiefgenerated

Anything that fronts, or faces, one.

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredthe breast, chest, or bosom, of a man and of other than man—صَدْر

Often meaning his mind. Masculine in gender; plural صُدُورٌ, the only plural form. [See also صُدْرَةٌ.]

The poet El-Aashà says: [And you become red by reason of the saying that I have published, like the fore part of the spear becoming red from blood]

shāhid

وَتَشْرَقُ بِالقَوْلِ الَّذِى قَدْ أَذَعْتُهُكَمَا شَرِقَتْ صَدْرُ القَنَاةِ مِنَ الدَّمِ

He has made صدر feminine because the صدر of the قناة is a part of the قناة, for they sometimes make a noun feminine when it is prefixed to a feminine noun; or you may say that he made صدر feminine because he meant the قناة; or you may say that the صدر of a قناة is a قناة.

the spaces between the bones of the breast—بَنَاتُ الصَّدْرِ

It also means anxieties; see the article بنى.

what is in the minds—ذَاتُ الصُّدُورِ

his bosom, or mind, became strait, or contracted—ضَاقَ صَدْرُهُ

See the article ضيق, and the Qur'ān 15:97 and 26:12.

he opened and dilated his bosom, meaning he was pleased, with infidelity—شَرَحَ بِالكُفْرِ صَدْرًا

See also the similar phrases شَرَحَ ٱللّٰهُ صَدْرَهُ لِلْإِسْلَامِ and لِقَبُولِ الخَيْرِ, explained in the article شرح.

his bosom became dilated or enlarged [with joy]—اِنْشَرَحَ صَدْرُهُ

See the article شرح.

ample, or dilated, in the breast, or bosom—وَاسِعُ الصَّدْرِ

Also رَحِيبُ الصَّدْرِ: meaning free-minded, free from distress of mind, without care; and free from narrowness of mind, liberal, munificent, or generous. See the article رحب.

having the bosom, or mind, strait, or contracted—ضَيِّقُ الصَّدْرِ

a man who is not to be turned, or bent, or inclined—رَجُلٌ بَعِيدُ الصَّدْرِ

is he who has the disease of the chest able to do without spitting?—هَلْ يَسْتَطِيعُ مَنْ بِهِ صَدْرٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَنْفِثَ

If this saying is correct, the prefixed noun [ دآء ] is left out.

صَدْرُ الدَّجَاجَةِ, according to Freytag, is the name of the star of Cygnus.

Lane cites “Kur xv. 97” — Flügel numbering, not yet mapped

Lane cites “Jel in iii. 115” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given

Lane cites “Jel in xvi. 108” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given

1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredthe higher, or upper, parts, and the fore parts, of the valley—صُدُورُ الوَادِى

Also the upper, or uppermost, part of the front of anything.

Also صَدَائِرُهُ, which is the plural of صَدَارَةٌ, or صِدَارَةٌ, or صَادِرَةٌ, or of صَدِيرَةٌ.

the upper, or highest, part [or end] of the sitting-room, or sitting-place—صَدْرُ المَجْلِسِ

The elevated part of it.

1.3figurative · مجاز — inferreda day of straitness and distress—يَوْمٌ كَصَدْرِ الرُّمْحِ

The fore part of anything. The prow, or fore part, of a ship.

The fore part of the foot, between the toes and the حِمَارَة.

The fore part of the sandal, before the [hole through which is put the thong called the شِرَاك, i.e. the hole called the] خُرْت.

The part of the arrow that is above the middle, as far as the مراش (so in a copy of the A: [an evident mistranscription for رَأْس, i.e. head]); or the part of the arrow beyond the middle, as far as the slender part next the head. It is so called because it is the fore part when the arrow is shot; and likewise of the spear.

Literally, a day like the fore part of the spear. Th: it is a day by which war, or battle, is specially distinguished.

1.4figurative · مجاز — inferred

The first, or first part, or commencement, of anything — even of the day, of the night, of the winter, of the summer, and the like, and of an affair. [See an example under عَجُزٌ.]

The title of a book or writing; and its first part, or commencement.

The first foot of the first hemistich of a verse. And the first hemistich (altogether) of a verse; see عَجُزٌ.

And the first verse of a قَصِيدَة.

1.5figurative · مجاز — inferredthe wide, or widening, part of the road—صَدْرُ الطَّرِيقِ

1.6figurative · مجاز — inferredthe head, or chief, of the people, or party—صَدْرُ القَوْمِ

Also المَصْدَرُ.

the chief of the chiefs—صَدْرُ الصُّدُورِ

A title applied to the prime minister of the king, and also to the chief judge — apparently, in earlier times, to the former; he who performs the onerous duties of the king, or of the state.

1.7figurative · مجاز — inferred

A part, or portion, of a thing.

Qur’ānic occurrences صَدْر 5 shown of 41

15:97

وَلَقَدْ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ يَضِيقُ صَدْرُكَ بِمَا يَقُولُونَ

We do indeed know how thy heart is distressed at what they say.

20:25

قَالَ رَبِّ ٱشْرَحْ لِى صَدْرِى

(Moses) said: "O my Lord! expand me my breast;

40:19

يَعْلَمُ خَآئِنَةَ ٱلْأَعْيُنِ وَمَا تُخْفِى ٱلصُّدُورُ

(Allah) knows of (the tricks) that deceive with the eyes, and all that the hearts (of men) conceal.

100:10

وَحُصِّلَ مَا فِى ٱلصُّدُورِ

And that which is (locked up) in (human) breasts is made manifest-

114:5

ٱلَّذِى يُوَسْوِسُ فِى صُدُورِ ٱلنَّاسِ

(The same) who whispers into the hearts of Mankind,-

Show Lane's original text

Anything that fronts, or faces, one. (M, K.) And hence, (M,) The صَدْر [i. e. breast, or chest, or bosom,] of a man, [often meaning his mind,] (M, Msb, K,) and of other than man: (Msb:) of the masc. gender: (Lh, S, M, K:) pl. صُدُورٌ , (S, M, Msb,) the only pl. form. (M.) [See also صُدْرَةٌ .] As to the saying of the poet, (S, M,) El-Aashà, (S,) 1 [And thou becomest, or wilt become, red by reason of the saying that I have published, like as the fore part of the spear becomes red from blood], (S, * M,) he has made صدر fem. because the صدر of the قناة is a part of the قناة ; for they [sometimes] make a noun fem. when it is prefixed to a fem. noun: (S:) or if you will, you may say that he has made صدر fem. because he meant [thereby] the قناة ; and if you will, you may say that the صدر of a قناة is a قناة . (M.) [Hence,] بَنَاتُ الصَّدْرِ The spaces between the bones of the breast. (M, TA.) [And also] Anxieties. (T in art. بنى .) And ذَاتُ الصُّدُورِ What is in the minds. (Ksh and Bd and Jel in iii. 115, &c.) And ضَاقَ صَدْرُهُ His bosom, or mind, became strait, or contracted. (Msb in art. ضيق . [See the Kur xv. 97 and xxvi. 12.]) And شَرَحَ بِالكُفْرِ صَدْرًا He opened and dilated his bosom, meaning, was pleased, with infidelity. (Jel in xvi. 108. [See also the similar phrases شَرَحَ ٱللّٰهُ صَدْرَهُ لِلْإِسْلَامِ and لِقَبُولِ الخَيْرِ expl. in art. شرح .]) And اِنْشَرَحَ صَدْرُهُ His bosom became dilated or enlarged [with joy]. (S in art. شرح .) And وَاسِعُ الصَّدْرِ and رَحِيبُ الصَّدْرِ Ample, or dilated, in the breast, or bosom; [meaning free-minded; free from distress of mind; without care: and free from narrowness of mind; liberal, munificent, or generous.] (S and TA in art. رحب .) [And ضَيِّقُ الصَّدْرِ Having the bosom, or mind, strait, or contracted.] And رَجُلٌ بَعِيدُ الصَّدْرِ A man who is not to be turned, or bent, or inclined. (M.) In the saying هَلْ يَسْتَطِيعُ مَنْ بِهِ صَدْرٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَنْفِثَ [meaning Is he who has the disease of the chest ( دَآءُ الصَّدْرِ ) able to do without spitting?], if it be correct, the prefixed noun [ دآء ] is suppressed. (Mgh.) [ صَدْرُ الدَّجَاجَةِ , as said by Freytag, is the name of The star of Cygnus.] وَتَشْرَقُ بِالقَوْلِ الَّذِى قَدْ أَذَعْتُهُ | كَمَا شَرِقَتْ صَدْرُ القَنَاةِ مِنَ الدَّمِ Also The upper, or uppermost, part of the front of anything. (M, K.) [Hence,] صُدُورُ الوَادِى The higher, or upper, parts, and fronts, or fore parts, of the valley; (M, K;) as also صَدَائِرُهُ , which is pl. of صَدَارَةٌ , (K,) or صِدَارَةٌ , (as in a copy of the M,) or صَادِرَةٌ , (as in the L,) or of صَدِيرَةٌ . (M, L, K.) And صَدْرُ المَجْلِسِ The upper, or highest, part [or end] of the sitting-room, or sitting-place: (TA:) the elevated part thereof. (Msb.) [ The fore part of anything. The prow, or fore part, of a ship.] The fore part of the foot, between the toes and the [protuberant part called the] حِمَارَة . (M.) The fore part of the sandal, before the [hole through which is put the thong called the شِرَاك , i. e. the hole called the] خُرْت . (M.) The part of the arrow that is above the middle, as far as the مراش : (so in a copy of the A: [an evident mistranscription for رَأْس , i. e. head:]) or the part of the arrow that is beyond the middle, as far as the slender part, (S, M, Msb, K,) which is next the head; (M;) so called because it is the fore part when it is shot: (S, Msb, K:) and likewise of the spear [as in the verse cited above in this paragraph]. (M.) يَوْمٌ كَصَدْرِ الرُّمْحِ [lit. A day like the fore part of the spear] means a day of straitness and distress: accord. to Th, it is a day by which war, or battle, is peculiarly distinguished. (M, L.) The first, first part, or commencement, of anything; (S, M, K;) even of the day, (M, Msb,) and of the night, and of the winter, and of the summer, and the like, (M,) and of an affair. (A. [See an ex. voce عَجُزٌ .]) The title of a book or writing: and the first part, or commencement, thereof. (TA.) [ The first foot of the first hemistich of a verse.] And The first hemistich (altogether) of a verse. (O voce عَجُزٌ .) [And The first verse of a قَصِيدَة .] صَدْرُ الطَّرِيقِ The wide, or widening, part of the road. (Msb.) صَدْرُ القَوْمِ The head, or chief, of the people, or party; as also المَصْدَرُ . (TA.) And hence, صَدْرُ الصُّدُورِ [The chief of the chiefs; a title applied to the prime minister of the king; and also to the chief judge; app., in the earlier times, to the former;] he who performs the onerous duties of the king, or of the state. (TA.) And A part, or portion, of a thing. (S, K.)

Nounصَدَرٌ2 senses

Core sense — return, from water, from a country, or from any affairgenerated

1figurative · مجاز — inferredthe compassing of the Kaʿbeh on the return of the pilgrims from ʿArafát—طَوَافُ الصَّدَرِ

A noun meaning return, from water, from a country or place, and from any affair; some say, from anything.

In the CK الصَّدْرِ.

the fourth day of the days of the sacrifice—الصَّدَرُ

So called because the people then return from Mekkeh to their homes.

I left him as in the night preceding the fourth day of the days of the sacrifice—تَرَكْتُهُ عَلَى مِثْلِ لَيْلَةِ الصَّدَرِ

Or: as in the night preceding the day when the people return from their pilgrimage; meaning, possessing nothing.

Also an ism jamʿ of صَادِرٌ.

Show Lane's original text

a subst. signifying Return, (S, M, Msb, K,) from ( عَنْ ) water, (S, M,) and a country, (S,) or a place, (Msb,) and any affair: (Lth:) as some say, from anything. (M.) Hence, طَوَافُ الصَّدَرِ , (K, TA, in the CK الصَّدْرِ ,) i. e. The compassing of the Kaabeh on the occasion of the return of the pilgrims from ' Arafát. (TA.) [Hence also,] الصَّدَرُ The fourth day of the days of the sacrifice [performed by the pilgrims]: (M, K:) so called because the people then return from Mekkeh to their abodes. (M.) [And hence the saying,] تَرَكْتُهُ عَلَى مِثْلِ لَيْلَةِ الصَّدَرِ I left him as in the night preceding the fourth day of the days of the sacrifice: (A:) or [as in the night preceding the day] when the people return from their pilgrimage; (S;) meaning, possessing nothing. (M.) Also quasi-pl. n. of صَادِرٌ , q. v. (M, K.)

Nounصُدْرَةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — the breast; a garment covering the breast, a short shirtgenerated

1the breast of a man or beast—صَدْر

Or the prominent part of its upper portion.

1.1

A well known garment [which covers the breast]; a short shirt; a short دِرْع.

The diminutive, صُدَيْرَةٌ, is applied to a short shirt worn next the body.

[In the present day صُدَيْرِى, a corruption of the diminutive, is applied to a kind of waistcoat, a short vest without sleeves; its plural is صُدَيْرِيَات.]

See also the next paragraph.

Show Lane's original text

The صَدْر [or breast] (M, K) of a man [or beast]: (TA:) or the prominent part of the upper portion thereof. (T, S, M, K.) Hence, (S,) A certain garment [which covers the breast], (S, M,) well known: (K:) a short shirt: a short دِرْع : and the dim., صُدَيْرَةٌ , is applied to a short shirt which is worn next the body. (TA.) [In the present day, صُدَيْرِى , which is a corruption of the dim., is applied to A kind of waistcoat; a short vest without sleeves: and its pl. is صُدَيْرِيَات .] See also the next paragraph.

Nounصِدَارٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a garment covering the head and breast; a brand on a camel's breastgenerated

1every female having a صدار is like a maternal aunt—كُلُّ ذَاتِ صِدَارٍ خَالَةٌ

A garment whose head, or upper part, is like the مِقْنَعَة [covering the head], and whose lower part covers the breast and the shoulders.

A woman in mourning for the death of her husband or a relation used to wear a صدار of wool.

Or the same as صُدْرَةٌ, مِجْوَلٌ, and أُصْدَةٌ; or a garment with which the head and breast are covered, worn by a woman in mourning for her husband; or a small shirt worn next the body; or a دِرْع worn next the breast; or the same as إِتْبٌ. See the article اتب.

Said in a proverb; that is, a man must be jealous for every woman as he is jealous for his own women under covert, the females of his family whom he is obliged to respect and protect. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 310.]

1.1

Also a certain mark made with a hot iron upon the breast of a camel.

Show Lane's original text

A certain garment, of which the head, or upper part, is like the مِقْنَعَة , [covering the head,] and the lower part of which covers the breast (M, K) and the shoulders: (M:) a woman in mourning for the death of her husband or relation used to wear a صدار of wool: (Az:) or i. q. صُدْرَةٌ [q. v.] and مِجْوَلٌ and أُصْدَةٌ : (IAar:) or a certain garment with which the head and breast are covered, worn by a woman in mourning for her husband: (A:) or a small shirt worn next the body: (S:) or a دِرْع worn next the breast: (As:) or i. q. إِتْبٌ [q. v.]. (T in art. اتب .) It is said in a prov., كُلُّ ذَاتِ صِدَارٍ خَالَةٌ [Every female having a صدار is as a maternal aunt]: i. e., it is incumbent on a man to be jealous for every woman like as he is jealous for his women under covert, or the females of his family whom he is under an obligation to respect and protect. (S. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 310.]) Also A certain mark made with a hot iron upon the breast of a camel. (S.)

Nounصَدَارَةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — precedence, or prioritygenerated

1figurative · مجاز — inferred

Precedence, or priority.

1.1

See also صَدْرٌ, near the middle of the paragraph.

Show Lane's original text

Precedence, or priority. (TA.) See also صَدْرٌ , near the middle of the paragraph.

Nounصِدَارَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a garment covering the breastgenerated

See صَدْرٌ, near the middle of the paragraph.

Show Lane's original text

: see صَدْرٌ , near the middle of the paragraph.

Nounصَدِيرَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a garment covering the breastgenerated

See صَدْرٌ, near the middle of the paragraph.

Show Lane's original text

: see صَدْرٌ , near the middle of the paragraph.

Nounصُدَيْرَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a short shirt worn next the bodygenerated

Diminutive of صُدْرَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text

dim. of صُدْرَةٌ , q. v. (TA.)

Nounصَادِرٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — returning from water; going, or turning, back, or awaygenerated

Returning [from water and the like]; going, or turning, back, or away.

Ism jamʿ صَدَرٌ.

1.1figurative · مجازhe has not anything—مَا لَهُ صَادِرٌ وَلَا وَارِدٌ

Or: he has not a thing nor a people.

1.2figurative · مجازa road, or way, by which people return from water—طَرِيقٌ صَادِرٌ

Opposed to طَرِيقٌ وَارِدٌ.

Show Lane's original text

Returning [from water, &c.]; going, or turning, back, or away: (TA:) quasi-pl. n. صَدَرٌ . (M, K.) [Hence the saying,] مَا لَهُ صَادِرٌ وَلَا وَارِدٌ He has not anything: (M, K:) or he has not a thing nor a people. (Lh, M.) And طَرِيقٌ صَادِرٌ A road, or way, by which people return from water: (S, M, A, K:) opposed to طَرِيقٌ وَارِدٌ . (M, A.)

Nounصَادِرَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a garment covering the breastgenerated

See صَدْرٌ, near the middle of the paragraph.

Show Lane's original text

: see صَدْرٌ , near the middle of the paragraph.

Nounأَصْدَرُ2 senses

Core sense — having a large, prominent breast, or chestgenerated

A man having a large breast, or chest; that is, having the breast, or chest, or its upper part, prominent.

Also مُصَدَّرٌ.

2two veins that beat, or pulse, beneath the temples—الأَصْدَرَانِ

he came beating [with his hand] his two sides, or his two shoulder-joints—جَآءَ يَضْرِبُ أَصْدَرَيْهِ

Or the two sides of a man; or the two shoulder-joints. The word has no singular.

Some say أَسْدَرَيْهِ [q. v.], and this is the original; and some say أَزْدَرَيْهِ. It is a proverb.

That is, he came empty-handed, not having accomplished what he desired; or he came exulting, or behaving insolently, not knowing where his أَصْدَرَانِ were — so according to Yoo. And some say جَآءَ بَضْرِبُ بِأَصْدَرَيْهِ.

Show Lane's original text

A man (M) having a large breast, or chest; (M, K, TA;) i. e. having the breast, or chest, or the upper part thereof, prominent; as also مُصَدَّرٌ . (TA.) الأَصْدَرَانِ Two veins (M, K) that beat, or pulse, (M,) beneath the temples: (M, K:) or the two sides of a man: or the two shoulder-joints: (TA:) the word has no singular. (M.) [Hence the saying,] جَآءَ يَضْرِبُ أَصْدَرَيْهِ ; (M, Meyd, K, TA;) and some say أَسْدَرَيْهِ [q. v.], (Meyd, TA,) and this is the original; (Meyd;) and some, أَزْدَرَيْهِ ; (Meyd, TA;) a prov.; (M, Meyd, TA;) meaning He came beating [with his hand] his two sides, (TA,) or his two shoulderjoints: (Meyd, TA:) i. e. he came empty [-handed]; (M, Meyd, K, * TA;) not having accomplished the object of his desire: (Meyd:) or he came exulting, or behaving insolently, (Meyd, and Har p. 603,) not knowing where were his أَصْدَرَانِ : so accord. to Yoo: and some say, جَآءَ بَضْرِبُ بِأَصْدَرَيْهِ . (Har.)

Nounتَصْدِيرٌ1 sense

Core sense — the girth that is upon the breast of a camelgenerated

A noun like تَذْرِيعٌ and تَنْبِيتٌ.

The breast-girth: the girth that is upon the breast of the camel.

The hind girth, or belly-girth, the one next the ثِيل, is called the حَقَب, or the girth of the camel's saddle and of the [camel-vehicle called] هَوْدَج.

Show Lane's original text

[a subst. like تَذْرِيعٌ and تَنْبِيتٌ ] The [fore-girth, i. e. breast-girth, or] girth that is upon the breast of the camel: (S, A: *) [the hind girth, or belly-girth,] that which is next the ثِيل , is called the حَقَب : (S:) or the girth of the camel's saddle ( الرَّحْل ), and of the [camel-vehicle called] هَوْدَج . (M.)

Nounمَصْدَرٌ5 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a place of returning; the way of completing a thing; the maṣdar of a verbgenerated

1figurative · مجاز — inferred

A place of returning or going back, or of going, or turning, away [from water, from a country or place, and from an affair or thing].

See form 1, first sentence.

1.1figurative · مجازthe way of return from, or of completing, a thing or an affair—مَصْدَرُ أَمْرٍ

Opposed to مَوْرِدُهُ.

he knows the ways of going into things or affairs and the ways of withdrawing from them—هُوَ يَعْرِفُ مَوَارِدَ الأُمُورِ وَمَصَادِرَهَا

Or: the ways of beginning them and of completing them.

See also another example in the article رحب, form 6.

1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredthe root of a word, from which the derivatives of verbs proceed—مَصْدَرٌ

And hence also the مَصَادِر [plural of مَصْدَر] of verbs.

In this sense it is a conventional term of grammar and lexicology, not belonging to the classical language; but because it is important to understand how it is applied in lexicology, a full explanation is given here. In keeping with its etymology it is, according to the grammarians of El-Basrah, the source (literally, the place) of derivation; and it is what I call the maṣdar.

It is defined as a noun signifying, by its original application, an accident as subsisting in, or proceeding from, an agent (as الفَرَحُ [“the being joyful”], الضَّرْبُ [“the act of beating”], and القُعُودُ [“the act of sitting”]), or affecting an object of action (as الجُنُونُ [“the being possessed by a jinnee”]), conformable to its verb, so as to comprise all the letters in that verb, either literally (as in the instances above) or virtually (as in القِتَالُ [“the act of fighting”], which lacks the ا that stands before the ت in the verb, yet lacks it only as to the letter and not virtually, so that it is sometimes pronounced as if with that letter, as in قَاتَلَ قِيتَالًا, but the ا is changed into ى because of the kesr of the letter before it), or substituting another letter for any of the letters that it lacks (as in العِدَةُ [“the act of promising”], which lacks the و that is in its verb both as to the letter and virtually, but has ة substituted for it [by way of compensation]).

This comes from a comparison of definitions and remarks in the articles مصدر and اسم مصدر of the commentary on the “Kitáb Hodood en-Nahw” by the author of that work, in the commentary on the “Shudhoor edh-Dhahab” by the author of that work (the section on the nouns that govern as verbs), in I ʿAk, and elsewhere.

But the grammarians of El-Koofeh hold that the verb is the root, and that the مصدر is derived from it.

Some مصادر, moreover, are derived from real (as opposed to ideal) substantives, as التَّحَجُّرُ [“the becoming stone”] from الحَجَرُ [“stone”].

The مصدر has the same government as its own verb. It is often, and may freely be, used as an ideal substantive or abstract noun; and it is often used in place of an ism fāʿil or an ism mafʿūl. [When so used as an adjective, it serves alike for singular and plural, masculine and feminine.] According to Zj, every مصدر used as an adjective stands for ذُو [or ذَات and the like] followed by the مصدر, and so it has no dual or plural [or feminine] form. See حَرَضٌ.

[It has other uses too, which are explained in the grammars. Used as a مَصْدَر it is sometimes made feminine, as it is also when used in the sense of a noun that is properly feminine: see صَرْفٌ, third sentence.]

1.3figurative · مجاز — inferreda quasi-maṣdar; a noun which is not a مصدر but is occasionally used in place of a مصدر—اِسْمُ مَصْدَرٍ

Called by some اِسْمٌ لِلْمَصْدَرِ.

Just as a مصدر is used in place of an ism fāʿil, and in place of an ism mafʿūl. Such are الوُضُوْءُ for التَّوَضُّؤُ [“the performing of the ablution preparatory to prayer”], and الغُسْلُ for الاِغْتِسَالُ [“the washing of oneself”]; each of these lacks something that is in its verb, without substituting anything for what is lacking.

The grammarians of El-Koofeh and Baghdád allow this kind of noun to govern as a مصدر, but the grammarians of El-Basrah hold that the noun in the accusative case in each of the examples the former bring forward is governed by a verb understood.

The term is also applied to a proper name signifying an accident [or attribute]; as فَجَارِ and حَمَادِ, proper names by original application for الفَجْرَةُ and المَحْمَدَةُ [“vice” and “praise”] and the like; and this kind does not govern as a مصدر.

It is also applied to what is more properly termed اِسْمٌ لِلْمَعْنَى الحَاصِلِ بِالمَصْدَرِ, by some termed simply حَاصِلٌ بِالمَصْدَرِ, i.e. an ideal substantive, or abstract noun: a noun signifying an accident [or attribute] considered abstractedly [such as صَدَرٌ, signifying “return”; and this kind is commonly termed in the lexicons simply an اِسْم, as distinguished from a مصدر].

Some apply it also to what is properly termed مَصْدَرٌ مِيمِىٌّ [i.e. a مصدر beginning with an augmentative م], if it is not of the measure مُفَاعَلَةٌ; but such a word is really a مَصْدَر.

And some of the grammarians [and of the lexicographers too] apply it to a noun signifying the instrument [or means] by which the action signified by a مصدر is performed, as الأُكْلُ [“food,” as being “that by means of which the act of eating is performed”].

1.4

See also صَدْرٌ, last sentence but two.

Show Lane's original text

A place of returning or going back, (S, TA,) or of going, or turning, away [from water, and from a country or place, and from an affair or thing]. (TA. [See 1, first sentence.]) [Hence, مَصْدَرُ أَمْرٍ The way of return from, or of completing, a thing or an affair: opposed to مَوْرِدُهُ .] One says, هُوَ يَعْرِفُ مَوَارِدَ الأُمُورِ وَمَصَادِرَهَا [He knows the ways of betaking himself to things or affairs, and the ways of withdrawing himself from them; or of commencing them and of completing them]. (A.) [See also another ex. in art. رحب , conj. 6.] And hence [also], the مَصَادِر [pl. of مَصْدَر ] of verbs: (S, TA:) مَصْدَرٌ signifies The root of a word, from which proceed the derivatives of verbs: (Lth, TA:) [in this sense it is a conventional term of grammar and lexicology, not belonging to the classical language; but on account of the importance of understanding its true application in lexicology, it is necessary to give here a full explanation of it: it is, agreeably with its etymology, the source (lit. place) of derivation, accord. to the grammarians of ElBasrah; and is what I term an infinitive noun: it is defined as] a noun signifying, by its original application, an accident as subsisting in, or proceeding from, an agent (as الفَرَحُ [“ the being joyful ”], الضَّرْبُ [“ the act of beating ”], and القُعُودُ [“ the act of sitting ”]), or affecting an object of action, (as الجُنُونُ [“ the being possessed by a jinnee ”]), conformable to its verb, so as to comprise all the letters in that verb, either literally (as in the instances above) or virtually (as in القِتَالُ [“ the act of fighting ”], which wants the ا that is before the ت in the verb, yet wants it as to the letter only, and not virtually, wherefore it is sometimes pronounced as if with the said letter, as in قَاتَلَ قِيتَالًا , but the ا is changed into ى on account of the kesr of the letter before it), or substituting another letter for any of those letters that it wants (as in العِدَةُ [“ the act of promising ”], which wants the و that is in its verb as to the letter and virtually, but has ة substituted for it [by way of compensation]): (from a comparison of definitions &c. in the Expos. of the “ Kitab Hodood en-Nahw ” by the author of the work thus entitled, arts. مصدر and اسم مصدر ; the Expos. of the “ Shudhoor edh-Dhahab ” by the author of the work thus entitled, section on the nouns that govern as verbs; I' Ak; &c.:) but the grammarians of El-Koofeh hold that the verb is the root, and that the مصدر is derived from it: (I' Ak p. 148:) some مصادر , moreover, are derived from real (as opposed to ideal) substantives, as التَّحَجُّرُ [“ the becoming stone ”] from الحَجَرُ [“ stone ”]. (Kull p. 327.) The مصدر has the same government as its own verb: it is often, and may be at pleasure, used as an ideal subst. or abstract noun: and it is often employed in the place of an act. or a pass. part. n.: (Kull, &c.:) [when thus used as an epithet, it is employed alike as sing. and pl. and masc. and fem.:] accord. to Zj, every مصدر used as an epithet is for ذُو [or ذَات &c.] followed by the مصدر , and therefore it has no dual nor pl. [nor fem.] form. (TA voce حَرَضٌ .) [It has also other uses, which are expl. in the grammars. Used as a مَصْدَر , it is sometimes made fem.; as it is also when used in the sense of a noun that is properly fem.: see صَرْفٌ , third sentence.] اِسْمُ مَصْدَرٍ , called by some اِسْمٌ لِلْمَصْدَرِ , is a term applied to [ A quasi-infinitive noun; i. e.] a noun which is not a مصدر , but which is occasionally used in the place of a مصدر ; like as a مصدر is used in the place of an act. part. n., and in that of a pass. part. n.: such as الوُضُوْءُ for التَّوَضُّؤُ [“ the performing of the ablution preparatory to prayer ”], and الغُسْلُ for الاِغْتِسَالُ [“ the washing of oneself ”]; each of which wants somewhat that is in its verb without substituting anything for that which is wanting. (Expos. of the “ Kitáb el- Hodood, ” cited above.) This kind of noun the grammarians of El-Koofeh and Baghdád allow to govern as a مصدر ; but the grammarians of ElBasrah hold that the noun governed in the accus. case in each of the exs. adduced by the former as confirmatory of their opinion is so governed by a verb understood. (Expos. of the “ Shudhoor, ” ubi suprà.) It is also applied to A proper name signifying an accident [or attribute]; as فَجَارِ and حَمَادِ , proper names, by original application, for الفَجْرَةُ and المَحْمَدَةُ [“ vice ” and “ praise ”] and the like: and this kind does not govern as a مصدر . (Expos. of the “ Kitáb Hodood enNahw, ” ubi suprà; and Expos. of the “ Shudhoor, ” ubi suprà.) It is also applied to [what is more properly termed اِسْمٌ لِلْمَعْنَى الحَاصِلِ بِالمَصْدَرِ , by some termed simply حَاصِلٌ بِالمَصْدَرِ , i. e. An ideal substantive, or abstract noun;] a noun applied to signify an accident [or attribute] considered abstractedly [such as صَدَرٌ signifying “ return; ” and this kind is commonly termed in the lexicons simply an اِسْم as distinguished from a مصدر ]. (Kull p. 327.) Some apply it also to what is [properly] termed مَصْدَرٌ مِيمِىٌّ [i. e. A مصدر commencing with an augmentative م ], if not of the measure مُفَاعَلَةٌ : but such is really a مَصْدَر . (Expos. of the “ Shudhoor, ” ubi suprà.) And some of the grammarians [and of the lexicographers likewise] apply it to A noun that signifies the instrument [or means] with [or by] which the action signified by a مصدر is performed: as الأُكْلُ [“ food, ” as being “ that by means of which the act of eating ( الأَكْلُ ) is performed ”]. (Kull, ubi suprà.) See also صَدْرٌ , last sentence but two.

Nounمُصْدِرٌ3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — one who completes things or affairsgenerated

Ism fāʿil of form 4.

1.1figurative · مجاز

A man who completes things or affairs.

Also one of the names of the month جُمَادَى الأُولَى.

ISd: I think it belongs to the dialect of [the tribe of] ʿÁd.

Show Lane's original text

[act. part. n. of 4, q. v. ] A man who completes things or affairs. (A.) And One of the names of the month جُمَادَى الأُولَى : (M, K:) [ISd says,] I think it to be of the dial. of [the tribe of] 'Ad. (M.)

Nounمَصْدَرَةُ القَوْمِ1 sense

Core sense — those given the precedence among the peoplegenerated

1figurative · مجاز

Those who are made to have the precedence, or priority, of the people, or party.

Show Lane's original text

Those who are made to have the precedence, or priority, of the people, or party. (A, TA.)

Nounمَصْدَرِىٌّ1 sense

Core sense — of, or relating to, the maṣdargenerated

As a grammatical term: of, or relating to, the مَصْدَر. See the particles أَنْ and كَىْ, and the like.

Show Lane's original text

[ , as a grammatical term, Of, or relating to, the مَصْدَر . See the particles أَنْ and كَىْ &c.]

Nounمُصَدَّرٌ7 senses · 1 main

Core sense — strong in the chest; white in the upper part of the breast; outreaching others with the breastgenerated

A man strong in the chest; and likewise a lion, and a wolf.

Also the lion, and the wolf, because they are strong in the chest.

1.1