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صبأ

Form 1 · Form 4  ·  3 entries  ·  Qur'ānic frequency 3

Form 1صَبَأَ6 senses · 2 main
muḍāriʿـَيَفْعَلُ·ـُيَفْعُلُmaṣdarصُبُوْءٌ صُبُوْءَةٌ صَبْءٌ

Core sense — it grew forth; it rose; he departed from his religion; he came forth upon themgenerated

1.1it grew forth—صَبَأَت

. It is implied in the K that this verb, in all its senses except the last, has صَبْءٌ also for a maṣdar, and likewise صَبُؤَ as a synonymous form, but I do not find this supported by any other lexicon.

Said of the tush of a camel, of a cloven-hoofed animal, and of a solid-hoofed animal, and said of a cloven hoof: it grew forth, or its point grew forth. This last I have no doubt is a mistake: in the place of صَبَأَ الظِّلْفُ والنَّابُ, the reading in the K, I find in the M صَبَأَ نَابُ الظِّلْفِ وَالخُفِّ وَالحَافِرِ, and the like in the L.

The K makes it appear that اصبأ means the same, but it does not.

Said of the ثَنِيَّة [i. e. a central incisor] of a boy.

1.1.1the stars come forth from their places of rising—اصبأ

Said of a star and of the moon: it rose.

Also تَصْبَأَ النُّجُومُ.

the stars appeared—صَبَأَتِ النُّجُومُ
the Pleiades rose—اصبأ النَّجْمُ

The Pleiades are called النجم.

1.1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredhe departed from his religion to another religion—صَبَأَ

Also صَبَأَ مِنْ دِينِهِ إِلَى دِينٍ آخَرَ, maṣdar صُبُوْءٌ, صَبْءٌ and صَبُؤَ; also (so in the CK, but not in the TA nor in my manuscript copy of the K).

he became a Sabian—صَبَأَ

The image is of the stars coming forth from their place of rising.

Also صَبَأَ فِى دِينِهِ.

A صَابِئ is a Sabian; see صَابِئٌ below.

1.1.3he came forth upon them—صَبَأَ عَلَيْهِمْ

. Also اصبأ.

he came forth upon him, or against him—صَبَأَ عَلَيْهِ

So IAar, who adds: he inclined against him with enmity; or he came upon him unexpectedly.

From this, he says, comes the word صُبًّا in the saying of the Prophet, لَتَعُودُونَّ فِيهَا أَسَاوِدَ صُبًّا [which see in art. صب], the word being of the measure فُعَّلًا [originally صُبَّأً], with the ء suppressed; so in the L, in the article صب.

he came upon them suddenly, not knowing where they were—أَصْبَأَهُمْ
1.2he guided the enemy to them—صَبَأَ عَلَيْهِمُ العَدُوَّ

Mentioned by IAar, on the authority of AZ.

. Also صَبَعَ.

1.2.1food was presented to him and he did not put his hand into it—إِلَيْهِ طَعَامٌ فَمَا صَبَأَ وَلَا أَصْبَأَ قُدِّمَ

The K has إِصْبَعَهُ, his finger. [See also صَبَعَ.] Mentioned by IAar.

he put his head into the food—صَبَأَ فِى الطَّعَامِ

. Apparently said of a camel. Also صَبَغَ; so in the O, in the article صبغ.

she put her head into it—صَبَأَتْ فِيهَا رَأْسَهَا

Or فِيهِ; like صَبَغَتْ.

Show Lane's original text
, (S, M, K,) aor. صَبَاَ , (M, K,) inf. n. صُبُوْءٌ , (S, M, K, [in the last of which it is implied that this verb in all its senses except the last has صَبْءٌ also for an inf. n., and likewise صَبُؤَ as a syn. form, but this I do not find authorized by any other lexicon,]) said of the tush (S, M, K) of a camel (S, M) and of a cloven-hoofed animal and of a solid-hoofed animal, (M,) and said of a cloven hoof, (K, [but this, I doubt not, is a mistake, for in the place of صَبَأَ الظِّلْفُ والنَّابُ , the reading in the K, I find in the M صَبَأَ نَابُ الظِّلْفِ وَالخُفِّ وَالحَافِرِ , and the like in the L,]) It grew forth; (M, K;) or its point, or extremity, grew forth: (S:) and accord. to the K, it appears that اصبأ signifies the same; but this is not the case. (TA.) And صَبَأَت said of the ثَنِيَّة [i. e. a central incisor] of a boy, It grew forth. (S.) Also, said of a star, (M, K,) and of the moon, (M,) It rose; and so اصبأ : (M, K:) or تَصْبَأَ النُّجُومُ the stars come forth from their places of rising: (AO, S:) or صَبَأَتِ النُّجُومُ the stars appeared: (TA:) and اصبأ النَّجْمُ the Pleiades [antonomastically called النجم ] rose. (S.) [Hence,] صَبَأَ , (S, M, K,) or صَبَأَ مِنْ دِينِهِ إِلَى دِينٍ آخَرَ , (AO, S, Msb, *) aor. صَبَاَ , (M, Msb, K,) inf. n. صُبُوْءٌ (S, M, K) and صَبْءٌ ; and صَبُؤَ , (M, K,) aor. صَبُاَ , (TA,) inf. n. صُبُوْءَةٌ ; (CK [but not in the TA nor in my MS. copy of the K];) He departed from his religion to another religion; (S, M, Msb, K;) like as the stars come forth from their place of rising. (AO, S.) And صَبَأَ , (S,) or صَبَأَ فِى دِينِهِ , aor. صَبَاَ , inf. n. صُبُوْءٌ , (T, TA,) He was, or became, a صَابِئ [or Sabian]. (T, S, TA. [See صَابِئٌ , below.]) And صَبَأَ عَلَيْهِمْ , (S, M,) aor. صَبَاَ , (S,) inf. n. صَبْءٌ and صُبُوْءٌ , He came forth upon them; (S, M;) as also اصبأ : (M:) and accord. to IAar, صَبَأَ عَلَيْهِ he came forth, or went forth, upon him, or against him: and he inclined against him with enmity: (TA:) or he came, or came forth, upon him unexpectedly: whence, he says, the word صُبًّا in the saying of the Prophet, لَتَعُودُونَّ فِيهَا أَسَاوِدَ صُبًّا , [which see in art. صب ,] the said word being of the measure فُعَّلًا , [originally صُبَّأً ,] and the ء being suppressed: (L in art. صب :) and أَصْبَأَهُمْ signifies he came upon them suddenly, not having knowledge of their place. (K.) One says also, صَبَأَ عَلَيْهِمُ العَدُوَّ , (M, * K,) aor. صَبَاَ , inf. n. صَبْءٌ ; (M;) as also صَبَعَ ; (TA;) He guided to them (M, K) the enemy: (K:) mentioned by IAar, from AZ. (TA.) And إِلَيْهِ طَعَامٌ فَمَا صَبَأَ وَلَا أَصْبَأَ قُدِّمَ Food was presented to him, and he did not put (M, K *) his hand (M) or his finger ( إِصْبَعَهُ K) into it, or upon it: (M,) K: [see also صَبَعَ :]) mentioned by IAar. (M.) And صَبَأَ فِى الطَّعَامِ , aor. صَبُاَ , He [app. a camel] put his head into the food: as also صَبَغَ . (O in art. صبغ .) And صَبَأَتْ فِيهَا رَأْسَهَا [or فِيهِ , She put her head into it]; like صَبَغَتْ . (TA in that art.)
Form 4أَصْبَاَ1 sense

Core sense — he came forth upon them; he guided the enemy to themgenerated

4.1

See the preceding entry, in six places.

Show Lane's original text
see the preceding paragraph, in six places.

Derived nouns 1

Nounصَابِئٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — one who departs from his religion; a Sabiangenerated

1one who has departed from his religion—الصَّابِى

[Ism fāʿil of صَبَأَ, and as such meaning] one who departs from his religion to another religion.

[For الصَّابِئُ.] The Arabs used to call the Prophet by this name, because he departed from the religion of Kureysh to El-Islám.

one who has entered the religion of El-Islám—مَصْبُوٌّ

They called such a man by this, changing the ء to و.

the Muslims, collectively—الصُّبَاةٌ

As though plural of الصَّابِىِ without ء, like قُضَاةٌ and غُزَاةٌ, plurals of قَاضٍ and غَازٍ.

those who depart from one religion to another—الصَّابِئُونَ

Zj says this is the meaning of the plural in the Qurʼān, verse 73, and elsewhere.

1.1a member of a certain sect of unbelievers, the Sabians—صَابِئٌ

This appellation was then applied to them; they are said to worship the stars secretly while openly professing to belong to the Christians.

They are also called الصَّابِئَةُ and الضَّابِئُونَ, and they claim to follow the religion of Sábi the son of Sheyth [or Seth] the son of Adam.

The appellation may also be pronounced الصَّابِيُونَ, and Náfi' read it so [in the Kur].

Or the صَابِئُونَ are a class of people who possess revealed scripture.

Or a people whose religion resembles that of the Christians, except that their kibleh is towards the place from which blows the [south, or southerly, wind called] جَنُوب; [or] their kibleh is from (مِنْ, which may mean some point of) the place from which blows the [north, or northerly, wind called] شَمَال at midday; or, according to some, their kibleh is the Kaabeh.

They claim, falsely, to follow the religion of Noah.

In the R it is said that they are so called in relation to Sábi the son of Lámak [or Lamech], the brother of Noah.

Bd says it is said that they are worshippers of the angels; and it is said that they are worshippers of the stars, and that their appellation is Arabic, from صَبَأَ, “he departed from a religion”, or from صَبَا, “he inclined”, because they incline from truth to falsehood.

Qur’ānic occurrences صَّٰبِـِٔين 2 shown of 3
5:69
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَٱلَّذِينَ هَادُوا۟ وَٱلصَّـٰبِـُٔونَ وَٱلنَّصَـٰرَىٰ مَنْ ءَامَنَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلْـَٔاخِرِ وَعَمِلَ صَـٰلِحًا فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ

Those who believe (in the Qur'an), those who follow the Jewish (scriptures), and the Sabians and the Christians,- any who believe in Allah and the Last Day, and work righteousness,- on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve.

22:17
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَٱلَّذِينَ هَادُوا۟ وَٱلصَّـٰبِـِٔينَ وَٱلنَّصَـٰرَىٰ وَٱلْمَجُوسَ وَٱلَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوٓا۟ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ

Those who believe (in the Qur'an), those who follow the Jewish (scriptures), and the Sabians, Christians, Magians, and Polytheists,- Allah will judge between them on the Day of Judgment: for Allah is witness of all things.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
[part. n. of صَبَأَ : and as such signifying] One who departs from his religion to another religion. (Msb.) The Arabs used to call the Prophet الصَّابِى [for الصَّابِئُ ], because he departed from the religion of Kureysh to El-Islám; and him who entered the religion of El-Islám, مَصْبُوٌّ , changing the ء to و ; and the Muslims [collectively], الصُّبَاةٌ , as though pl. of الصَّابِىِ , without ء , like قُضَاةٌ and غُزَاةٌ pls. of قَاضٍ and غَازٍ . (TA.) And [the pl.] الصَّابِئُونَ in the Kur [v. 73, &c.,] is said by Zj to mean Those who depart from one religion to another. (TA.) Then this appellation, صَابِئٌ , was applied to [Any individual of] a certain sect of the unbelievers, [the Sabians,] said to worship the stars secretly, and openly to profess themselves to belong to the Christians: they are called الصَّابِئَةُ and الضَّابِئُونَ : and they assert that they are of the religion of Sábi the son of Sheyth [or Seth] the son of Adam: their appellation may also be pronounced الصَّابِيُونَ , and thus Náfi' read it [in the Kur]: (Msb:) or the صَابِئُونَ are a certain class of the people who possess revealed scripture: (S:) or a people whose religion resembles that of the Christians, except that their kibleh is towards the place whence blows the [south, or southerly, wind called] جَنُوب : (Lth, T, TA:) [or] whose kibleh is from ( مِنْ [or this may mean some point of]) the place whence blows the [north, or northerly, wind called] شَمَال at midday: (M, K:) or, accord. to some, their kibleh is the Kaabeh: (MF:) and they assert that they are of the religion of Noah, (Lth, T, M, K,) lyingly: (Lth, T, M:) in the R it is said that they are thus called in relation to Sábi the son of Lámak [or Lamech], the brother of Noah: Bd says, it is said that they are worshippers of the angels: and it is said that they are worshippers of the stars: and that their appellation is Arabic; from صَبَأَ “ he departed from a religion; ” or from صَبَا “ he inclined, ” because of their inclining from truth to falsehood. (MF, TA.)