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شمس

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Form 1شَمَسَ5 senses · 2 main
muḍāriʿـُيَفْعُلُ·ـِيَفْعِلُ·ـَيَفْعَلُيَفْضُلُmaṣdarشُمُوسٌ

Core sense — it (a day) was sunny; he (a horse) refused to be ridden; he showed enmitygenerated

1.1it (a day) was, or became, sunny; it had sun, or sunshine—اشمس

Muḍāriʿ شَمُسَ and شَمِسَ; maṣdar شُمُوسٌ and شَمِسَ.

The muḍāriʿ is also شَمَسَ and شَمُسَ, like فَضِلَ, according to the lexicologists, as ISd says; but he holds the muḍāriʿ of شَمِسَ to be شَمَسَ [only].

Or it had sun, or sunshine, all the daytime; or it became clear and unobscured; or its sun became violent.

1.2he (a horse) refused to be ridden, or mounted—شَمَسَ

Muḍāriʿ شَمُسَ and شَمِسَ; maṣdar شُمُوسٌ and شِمَاسٌ.

Or he took fright and broke loose and ran away, refusing to be ridden, because of the violence of his force of resistance [for لِشِدَّةِ متعبه in the TA, I read لشدّة مَنَعَتِهِ] and his sharpness of temper, so that he would not remain still; or he became rebellious against his rider.

1.2.1figurative · مجاز — inferredthe woman abstained from looking at men, and from exciting their desire—شَمَسَتِ المَرْأَةُ

[Hence.]

1.2.2figurative · مجازsuch a one showed enmity to me—شَمَسَ لِى فُلَانٌ

Or he showed his enmity to me and almost made it take effect, as though he purposed to act.

Or شَمَسَ فِى فُلَانٍ means [unless فى be a mistake for لِى, and فُلَانٍ for فُلَانٌ] he showed his enmity [towards such a one], and could not conceal it.

See also Form 3.

1.2.3figurative · مجاز — inferredwine overcomes, and runs away with, its drinker—الخَمْرُ تَشْمُسُ بِصَاحِبِهَا

[Hence.]

Show Lane's original text
, aor. شَمُسَ and شَمِسَ , (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. شُمُوسٌ ; (TA;) and شَمِسَ , aor شَمَسَ (K) and شَمُسَ also, like فَضِلَ , aor. يَفْضُلُ , accord. to the lexicologists, as ISd says, but he holds the aor. of شَمِسَ to be شَمَسَ [only]; (TA;) and اشمس ; (S, K;) It (a day) was, or became, sunny, or sunshiny; it had sun, or sunshine: (S, Msb, K:) or it had sun, or sunshine, all the daytime: or it was, or became, clear, or unobscured: (TA:) or its sun was, or became, vehement. (IF, Msb.) شَمَسَ , (S, Msb, K,) aor. شَمُسَ (Msb, TA) and شَمِسَ , (Msb,) inf. n. شُمُوسٌ and شِمَاسٌ , (S, Msb, K,) He (a horse) refused to be ridden or mounted: (S, K:) or took fright and broke loose and ran away, refusing to be ridden, by reason of the vehemence of his force of resistance, [for لِشِدَّةِ متعبه in the TA, I read لشدّة مَنَعَتِهِ ,] and his sharpness of temper, so that he would not remain still: (TA:) or became rebellious against his rider. (Msb.) [Hence,] شَمَسَتِ المَرْأَةُ The woman abstained from looking at men, and from exciting their desire. (TA.) And شَمَسَ لِى فُلَانٌ Such a one showed enmity to me: (K: *) or showed his enmity to me, (T, S, A,) and almost made it to take effect, (A,) or as though he purposed to act: (T, TA:) or شَمَسَ فِى فُلَانٍ signifies, [unless فى be a mistake for لِى , and فُلَانٍ for فُلَانٌ ,] he showed his enmity [towards such a one], and could not conceal it. (M in TA.) [See also 3.] And الخَمْرُ تَشْمُسُ بِصَاحِبِهَا Wine overcomes, and runs away with, its drinker. (TA.)
Form 2شمّس2 senses
maṣdarتَشْمِيسٌ

Core sense — he worshipped the sun; he spread a thing in the sun to drygenerated

2.1

He worshipped the sun.

2.2

And he spread a thing out in the sun, or sunshine, so that it might dry.

Show Lane's original text
, (TK,) inf. n. تَشْمِيسٌ , (K,) He worshipped the sun. (K, TK.) And He spread a thing in the sun, or sunshine, (K, TK,) in order that it might dry. (TA.)
Form 3شامسهُ1 sense
maṣdarمُشَامَسَةٌ

Core sense — he opposed him, he treated him with enmitygenerated

3.1

He opposed him, and treated him with enmity or hostility; maṣdar مُشَامَسَةٌ and شِمَاسٌ.

See also Form 1.

Show Lane's original text
, inf. n. مُشَامَسَةٌ and شِمَاسٌ , He opposed him, and treated him with enmity or hostility. (Th, TA.) [See also 1.]
Form 4أَشْمَسَ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — it (a day) was sunny, it had sunshinegenerated

4.1

See Form 1, first meaning.

4.1.1

[Also he ascended a mountain towards the sun. (Freytag, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees.)]

Show Lane's original text
see 1, first signification. [Also He ascended a mountain towards the sun. (Freytag, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees.)]
Form 5تشمّس2 senses

Core sense — he sat in the sun; he was niggardly to himgenerated

5.1

He (a man) sat in the sun, or sunshine; he set himself up [or exposed himself standing] to the sun.

5.2he was niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious, to him—تشمّس عَلَيْهِ

[See also the ism fāʿil, below.]

Show Lane's original text
He (a man) sat in the sun, or sunshine: (TA:) he set himself up [or exposed himself standing] to the sun. (S, TA.) تشمّس عَلَيْهِ He was niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious, to him. (TA.) [See also the part. n., below.]

Derived nouns 15

Nounالشَّمْسُ6 senses · 3 main

Core sense — the sun; sunshine; an ancient idol; a kind of necklace or collargenerated

1

[The sun;] the body of the solar light, that runs its course in the firmament.

It is feminine, and has neither dual nor plural; or it has a plural, [though this is not used in a plural sense,] namely شُمُوسٌ, as though they called every part of it a شمس, just as they said مَفَارِقُ for مَفْرِقٌ.

When it is made determinate without the article ال, [as] in the name عَبْدُ شَمْسَ, meaning The Servant of the Sun — that is, of this luminous object, the شمس of heaven, because they used to worship it — it is imperfectly declinable. Aboo-'Alee: because it is determinate and of the feminine gender; or, again Aboo-'Alee, because it is a proper name, of the feminine gender, and altered from الشَّمْس.

A poet says: [Nay, by the sun, we will certainly dye them with blood]

shāhid
كَلَّا وَشَمْسَ لَنَخْضِبَنَّهُمُ دَمًا

, making شمس imperfectly declinable because he means the article ال to be understood.

But some say that in the former instance, and in the latter, the word in question has a different meaning, which is shown below.

Sb says that none of the Arabs made شمس determinate without the article ال except in the proper name mentioned above, in which all of them made it so.

The diminutive is شُمَيْسَةٌ.

1.1he sat in the sun, or sunshine—قَعَدَ فِى الشَّمْسِ

[Also the sun, or sunshine.]

1.2a certain ancient idol—شَمْسٌ

Ibn-El-Kelbee: it is this that is meant by the proper name mentioned above; and if so, it is perfectly declinable.

Some say that it is this also that is meant in the words of the poet cited above, and that he makes the word imperfectly declinable because he uses it as a proper name of the image.

2a kind of necklace or collar—شَمْسٌ

Or a pendant, or hanging ornament, of the necklace or collar upon the neck; or the collar of a dog; or a kind of women's ornament.

Of the masculine gender; plural شُمُوسٌ.

2.1

And a kind of comb, with which women in the first age used to comb themselves; also شَمْسَةٌ.

3

يَوْمٌ شَمْسٌ: see شَامِسٌ.

Show Lane's original text
[The sun;] the body of the solar light, that runs its course in the firmament: (Lth, * TA:) it is fem.: (S, * Msb, K:) and has neither dual nor pl.: (Msb:) or it has a pl., [though this is not used in a pl. sense,] namely, شُمُوسٌ , (S, K,) as though they called every part of it a شمس , like as they said مَفَارِقُ for مَفْرِقٌ . (S.) When it is made determinate without the article ال , [as] in the name عَبْدُ شَمْسَ , meaning The Servant of the Sun, (Msb, K,) i. e., of this luminous object, (Msb,) the شمس of heaven, because they used to worship it, (K,) it is imperfectly decl., (Aboo- 'Alee, Msb, K,) because it is determinate and of the fem. gender, (Aboo-'Alee, K,) or because it is a proper name and of the fem. gender and altered from الشَّمْس : (Msb:) and a poet says, 1 [Nay verily, by the sun, we will assuredly dye them with blood], making شمس imperfectly decl. because he means the art. ال to be understood: (IAar, TA:) but some say that in the former instance, (Msb, TA,) and in the latter, (TA,) the word in question has a different signification, which will be shown below: (Msb, TA:) and Sb says that none of the Arabs made شمس determinate without the art. ال , except in the proper name mentioned above, in which all of them made it so. (TA.) The dim. is شُمَيْسَةٌ . (S, TA.) كَلَّا وَشَمْسَ لَنَخْضِبَنَّهُمُ دَمًا [Also The sun, or sunshine.] You say, قَعَدَ فِى الشَّمْسِ [He sat in the sun, or sunshine]. (TA.) Also, (K, TA,) or شَمْسٌ , (Msb,) A certain ancient idol. (Msb, K.) Accord. to Ibn-El-Kelbee, it is this that is meant by the proper name mentioned above; and if so, it is perfectly decl.: (Msb:) and some say that it is this also that is meant in the words of the poet cited above, and that he makes the word imperfectly decl. because he uses it as a proper name of the image ( الصُّورَة ). (TA.) شَمْسٌ also signifies A kind of necklace or collar: (S, K:) or a pendant, or suspended ornament, ( مِعْلَاق ,) of the necklace or collar upon the neck: or the collar of a dog: (TA:) or a kind of women's ornament: of the masc. gender: (Lh, TA:) pl. شُمُوسٌ . (TA.) And A kind of comb, (K,) with which women in the first age used to comb themselves; (TA;) as also شَمْسَةٌ . (IDrd, TA.) يَوْمٌ شَمْسٌ : see شَامِسٌ .
Nounيَوْمٌ شَمِسٌ1 sense

Core sense — a sunny daygenerated

1

See شَامِسٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see شَامِسٌ .
Nounشَمْسَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a kind of comb used by womengenerated

1

See شَمْسٌ, last sentence but one.

Show Lane's original text
: see شَمْسٌ , last sentence but one.
Nounشَمْسِىٌّ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — of, or relating to, the sun; solargenerated

1the solar year—السَّنَةُ الشَّمْسِيَّةُ

[Of, or relating to, the sun; solar.]

1.1

Also a term applied by some of the Arabs to the first [yearly] increase [of sheep and goats]. (Aboo-Nasr, under صَفَرِىٌّ, which see.)

Show Lane's original text
[Of, or relating to, the sun; solar]. السَّنَةُ الشَّمْسِيَّةُ The solar year. (Mgh.) It is also a term applied by some of the Arabs to The first [annual] increase [of sheep and goats]. (Aboo-Nasr, TA voce صَفَرِىٌّ , q. v.)
Nounشَمَاسٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a horse's refusal to be ridden; a woman's shunning of mengenerated

1

The disposition, in a horse, of refusing to be ridden, or mounted.

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

[And hence,] the disposition, in a woman, of abstaining from looking at men, and from exciting their desire.

A noun from شَمَسَتٌ.

Show Lane's original text
The disposition, in a horse, of refusing to be ridden, or mounted. (S.) [And hence,] The disposition, in a woman, of abstaining from looking at men, and from exciting their desire: a subst. from شَمَسَتٌ . (TA.)
Nounشَمُوسٌ4 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a horse that refuses to be ridden; a woman who shuns men; winegenerated

1

A horse that refuses to be ridden, or mounted; also شَامِسٌ.

Or that takes fright and breaks loose and runs away, refusing to be ridden, because of the violence of his force of resistance and his sharpness of temper, so that he will not remain still; or that will hardly remain still; or that rebels against his rider; or that refuses to be ridden and will hardly remain still.

Also applied to a she-camel.

شَمُوصٌ, with ص, applied to a horse is not allowable.

Plural شُمُسٌ and شُمْسٌ.

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

[Hence,] a woman who abstains from looking at men, and from exciting their desire; also شَامِسَةٌ.

Plural of the former, شُمُسٌ; of the latter, [شَوَامِسُ and] شُمُوسٌ.

1.2figurative · مجاز

Hence also, a man refractory, untractable, perverse, stubborn, or obstinate in disposition; and a man hard, harsh, or ill-natured in his enmity, violent in opposing whoever opposes him.

شَمُوصٌ [with ص] is not allowable.

1.3figurative · مجاز — inferredwine—الشَّمُوسُ

[Hence too,] so called because it overcomes, and runs away with, its drinker, like the horse to which this adjective is applied.

Show Lane's original text
A horse that refuses to be ridden or mounted; (S, K;) as also شَامِسٌ : (K:) or that takes fright and breaks loose and runs away, refusing to be ridden, by reason of the vehemence of his force of resistance and his sharpness of temper, so that he will not remain still: (TA: [see 1:]) or that will hardly remain still: (A:) or that rebels against his rider: (Msb:) or that refuses to be ridden or mounted, and will hardly remain still: (Mgh:) also applied to a she-camel: (TA:) شَمُوصٌ , with ص , applied to a horse is not allowable: (Msb:) pl. شُمُسٌ (A, Mgh, Msb, K) and شُمْسٌ . (K.) [Hence,] A woman who abstains from looking at men, and from exciting their desire; as also شَامِسَةٌ : pl. of the former, شُمُسٌ ; and of the latter, [ شَوَامِسُ and] شُمُوسٌ . (TA.) Hence also, (Msb,) A man refractory, untractable, perverse, stubborn, or obstinate, in disposition: (S, Msb, TA:) and a man hard, harsh, or illnatured, in his enmity, vehement in contrariousness to him who opposes him: (TA:) شَمُوصٌ [with ص ] is not allowable. (S.) [Hence too,] الشَّمُوسُ Wine: (AHn, K:) because it overcomes, and runs away with, its drinker, like the horse to which this epithet is applied. (AHn.)
Nounشُمَيْسَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a little sungenerated

1

Diminutive of شَمْسٌ, which see.

Show Lane's original text
dir of شَمْسٌ , q. v.
Nounشَمَّاسٌ1 sense

Core sense — a deacon; one of the heads of the Christiansgenerated

1

One of the heads of the Christians, who shaves the middle of his head and keeps to the church. [In the present day, a deacon: see جَاثَلِيقُ.]

Not pure, or not sound, Arabic. [Probably, as Golius says, from the Chaldee 165.]

Plural شَمَامِسَةٌ. In the TA it stands as شماسة, and in one copy of the A as شَمَّاسَة, but the right reading is that in the Mgh.

Show Lane's original text
One of the heads of the Christians, who shaves the middle of his head, and keeps to the church: (Lth, A, Mgh, K:) [in the present day, a deacon: see جَاثَلِيقُ :] not pure Arabic, (IDrd,) or not sound Arabic: (M:) [probably, as Golius says, from the Chaldee 165:] pl. شَمَامِسَةٌ . (Mgh, K: [in the TA, شماسة ; and in a copy of the A, شَمَّاسَة ; but the right reading is that in the Mgh.])
Nounشَامِسٌ3 senses

Core sense — sunny, having sunshine, said of a daygenerated

1

A sunny, or sunshiny, day; a day having sun, or sunshine; or having sun all the daytime; or clear and unobscured.

In the same way شَمْسٌ and شَمِسٌ: a clear, cloudless day.

شَامِسٌ also means intensely hot.

مُشْمِسٌ, applied to a day, means the same as شَامِسٌ, and so does مَشْمُوسٌ.

2

A neck having [ornaments of the kind called] شُمُوس [plural of شَمْسٌ, which see]: a possessive adjective.

3

See also شَمُوسٌ, in two places.

Show Lane's original text
A sunny, or sunshiny, day; a day having sun, or sunshine: or having sun, or sunshine, all the daytime: or clear; unobscured: and in like manner, شَمْسٌ and شَمِسٌ , a clear, cloudless, day: and شَامِسٌ also signifies intensely hot: (TA:) and مُشْمِسٌ , applied to a day, signifies the same as شَامِسٌ ; (A;) and so مَشْمُوسٌ . (Th, TA.) A neck having [ornaments of the kind called] شُمُوس [pl. of شَمْسٌ , q. v.]: a possessive epithet. (TA.) See also شَمُوسٌ , in two places.
Nounأَشْمَسُ1 sense

Core sense — more, or most, unyielding or resistinggenerated

1

More, and most, incompliant or resisting.

Show Lane's original text
More, and most, incompliant or resisting. (Ham p. 324.)
Nounمُشْمِسٌ1 sense

Core sense — sunny, said of a daygenerated

1

See شَامِسٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see شَامِسٌ .
Nounمُشَمَّسٌ1 sense

Core sense — spread out in the sun to drygenerated

1

Made [or spread to dry (see Form 2)] in the sun, or sunshine.

Show Lane's original text
Made [or spread to dry (see 2)] in the sun, or sunshine. (S.)
Nounمُشَمِّسٌ1 sense

Core sense — a worshipper of the sungenerated

1

A worshipper of the sun.

Show Lane's original text
A worshipper of the sun. (O, TA.)
Nounمَشْمُوسٌ1 sense

Core sense — exposed to the sun, sunnygenerated

1

See شَامِسٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see شَامِسٌ .
Nounمُتَشَمِّسٌ2 senses

Core sense — one who sits in the sun; one extremely niggardlygenerated

1

[Sitting in, or] setting himself up to [or exposing himself standing to] the sun.

2

A man who defends what is behind his back; a man strong in what sustains or supports him; synonym قَوِىٌّ شَديدُ القُومِيَّةِ.

Sgh says شَديدُ القُوَّةِ, but the former is the right reading.

And niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious, in the highest degree.

Show Lane's original text
[Sitting in or] setting himself up to [or exposing himself standing to] the sun. (K.) A man who defends what is behind his back: (ISh, TA:) a man strong (ISh, K, TA) in that which sustains or supports him; syn. قَوِىٌّ شَديدُ القُومِيَّةِ : (ISh, TA:) Sgh says شَديدُ القُوَّةِ ; but the former is the right reading: (TA:) and niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious, to the utmost degree. (K.)