شقو

Form 1 · Form 3 · Form 4 · 8 entries · Qur'ānic frequency 12

Form 1شَقِىَ4 senses · 2 main

muḍāriʿـَيَفْعَلُmaṣdarشَقَاوَةٌ

Core sense — he was, or became, unprosperous, unhappy, or miserable; he suffered fatiguegenerated

1.1he was, or became, unprosperous, unfortunate, unhappy, or miserable—شَقِوَ

This is the original form, and the dual is يَشْقَيَانِ.

Maṣdar شَقَاوَةٌ and شِقَاوَةٌ, the latter according to a reading of the Qur'ān 23:108, and شَقَآءٌ and شِقْوَةٌ and شَقْوَةٌ and شَقًا, or the last of these is the maṣdar; and شَقَاوَةٌ and شِقْوَةٌ [and the rest, none of which is expressly specified as a maṣdar in the S,] are simple substantives.

شَقِىَ is the opposite of سَعِدَ, and شَقَاوَةٌ and the like are the opposite of سَعَادَةٌ.

Or he was, or became, in a state of straitness, distress, adversity, or difficulty. See also شَقَاوَةٌ below.

Qur’ān 23:106 approximate — somewhere between 23:91 and 23:118 Lane cites “Kur xxiii. 108”

Qur’ān 23:106 the verse Lane’s citation points to, and it uses this root

قَالُوا۟ رَبَّنَا غَلَبَتْ عَلَيْنَا شِقْوَتُنَا وَكُنَّا قَوْمًا ضَآلِّينَ

They will say: "our Lord! Our misfortune overwhelmed us, and we became a people astray!Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

1.1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredhe suffered, or experienced, fatigue [in such a thing]—فِى كَذَا

Lane cites “Jel in xx. 1” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given

1.2

شَقَاهُ: see form 3.

1.2.1

And see form 4.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1

11:106

فَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ شَقُوا۟ فَفِى ٱلنَّارِ لَهُمْ فِيهَا زَفِيرٌ وَشَهِيقٌ

Those who are wretched shall be in the Fire: There will be for them therein (nothing but) the heaving of sighs and sobs:

20:2

مَآ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْكَ ٱلْقُرْءَانَ لِتَشْقَىٰٓ

We have not sent down the Qur'an to thee to be (an occasion) for thy distress,

20:117

فَقُلْنَا يَـٰٓـَٔادَمُ إِنَّ هَـٰذَا عَدُوٌّ لَّكَ وَلِزَوْجِكَ فَلَا يُخْرِجَنَّكُمَا مِنَ ٱلْجَنَّةِ فَتَشْقَىٰٓ

Then We said: "O Adam! verily, this is an enemy to thee and thy wife: so let him not get you both out of the Garden, so that thou art landed in misery.

20:123

قَالَ ٱهْبِطَا مِنْهَا جَمِيعًۢا ۖ بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ ۖ فَإِمَّا يَأْتِيَنَّكُم مِّنِّى هُدًى فَمَنِ ٱتَّبَعَ هُدَاىَ فَلَا يَضِلُّ وَلَا يَشْقَىٰ

He said: "Get ye down, both of you,- all together, from the Garden, with enmity one to another: but if, as is sure, there comes to you Guidance from Me, whosoever follows My Guidance, will not lose his way, nor fall into misery.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

, (S, Msb, K,) originally شَقِوَ , (S, TA,) aor. شَقَوَ , (S, Msb,) dual thereof يَشْقَيَانِ , (S,) inf. n. شَقَاوَةٌ and شِقَاوَةٌ , (S, * K,) the latter accord. to a reading of the Kur xxiii. 108, (S,) and شَقَآءٌ and شِقْوَةٌ and شَقْوَةٌ (S, * K) and شَقًا , (K.) or the last of these is the inf. n., and شَقَاوَةٌ and شِقْوَةٌ [and the rest, none of which is expressly specified as an inf. n. in the S,] are simple substs., (Msb,) He was, or became, unprosperous, unfortunate, unhappy, or miserable; (S, Msb, TA;) شَقِىَ being contr. of سَعِدَ ; (Msb;) and شَقَاوَةٌ &c. contr. of سَعَادَةٌ : (S, TA:) or he was, or became, in a state of straitness, distress, adversity, or difficulty. (Az, K, TA.) [See also شَقَاوَةٌ below.] Also He suffered, or experienced, fatigue, (TA, and Ksh and Bd and Jel in xx. 1,) فِى كَذَا [in such a thing]. (TA.) شَقَاهُ : see 3: and 4.

Form 3شاقاهُ4 senses · 1 main

maṣdarمُشَاقَاةٌmuḍāriʿأَشْقُوهُ

Core sense — he strove, or struggled, with him to overcome himgenerated

3.1

Maṣdar مُشَاقَاةٌ and شِقَآءٌ.

He laboured, strove, or struggled with him, to prevail or overcome, in war or battle and the like; so in the T. He struggled, or contended, against the difficulty, trouble, or inconvenience that he experienced from him. Synonymous with عَالَجَهُ, or with مَارَسَهُ and عَانَاهُ.

3.1.1he tried to surpass him in mutual labouring, or striving, to prevail—شاقاهُ فَشَقَاهُ

The muḍāriʿ of the latter verb is شَقُوَ.

And he surpassed him in it: غَالَبَهُ فِى الشِّقَآءِ [in the CK, فى الشَّقاءِ, but the former seems to be the right reading, and may best be rendered: in the mutual striving against difficulty].

In the S, شَاقَانِى فُلَانٌ فَشَقَوْتُهُ, and only the latter verb as thus used is explained there.

3.1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredtreating one with hardness, harshness, or ill nature—مُشَاقَاةٌ

3.1.3figurative · مجاز

Also: vying with one another in patience, or endurance.

A rājiz says: [When the two patient ones vie in endurance, he does not lag behind, almost, by reason of the weakness of powers, failing to hasten in pace]

shāhid

إِذَا يُشَاقِى الصَّابِرَانِ لَمْ يَرِثْيَكَادُ مِنْ ضَعْفِ القُوَى لَا يَنْبَعِثْ

He means a camel vying with its attendant in endurance of travel.

Show Lane's original text

, (K, TA,) inf. n. مُشَاقَاةٌ (S, TA) and شِقَآءٌ , (TA,) He laboured, strove, or struggled, with him, to prevail, or overcome, (S, K, TA,) in war, or battle, and the like; (K, TA;) so in the T; (TA;) he struggled, or contended, with, or against, the difficulty, or trouble, or inconvenience, that he experienced from him; (S, * TA;) syn. عَالَجَهُ ; (K, TA;) or مَارَسَهُ ; and عَانَاهُ . (S, * TA.) And شاقاهُ فَشَقَاهُ , aor. of the latter verb شَقُوَ , He endeavoured to surpass him in mutual labouring, or striving, or struggling, to prevail, or overcome, &c., ( غَالَبَهُ فِى الشِّقَآءِ , [in the CK, فى الشَّقاءِ , but the former seems to be the right reading, and may be best rendered in the mutual striving against difficulty,]) and he surpassed him [therein]. (K. [In the S, شَاقَانِى فُلَانٌ فَشَقَوْتُهُ , aor. أَشْقُوهُ ; and only the latter verb as thus used is there explained.]) مُشَاقَاةٌ signifies also The treating [one] with hardness, harshness, or illnature. (TA.) And The vying, one with another, in patience, or endurance: a rájiz says, 1 [When the two patient ones vie in endurance, he does not lag behind, almost, by reason of the weakness of powers, failing to hasten in pace]: he means a camel vying with the attendant thereof in endurance of going. (TA.) إِذَا يُشَاقِى الصَّابِرَانِ لَمْ يَرِثْ | يَكَادُ مِنْ ضَعْفِ القُوَى لَا يَنْبَعِثْ

Form 4اشقاهُ ٱللّٰهُ2 senses

Core sense — God caused him to be unprosperous, unhappy, or miserable; he combedgenerated

4.1

God caused him to be unprosperous, unfortunate, unhappy, or miserable — the opposite of أَسْعَدَهُ. Or God caused him to be in a state of straitness, distress, adversity, or difficulty.

And so شَقَاهُ.

4.2he combed—اشقى

So Abu Zeyd. See مِشْقًى.

Show Lane's original text

God caused him to be unprosperous, unfortunate, unhappy, or miserable; contr. of أَسْعَدَهُ : (S, * Msb, TA:) or God caused him to be in a state of straitness, distress, adversity, or difficulty: and so شَقَاهُ . (K.) And اشقى He combed. (AZ, K. [See مِشْقًى .])

Derived nouns 5

Nounشِقْوَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — unprosperousness, unhappiness, miserygenerated

A maṣdar of شَقِىَ, as also شَقْوَةٌ; or a simple substantive.

Show Lane's original text

an inf. n. of شَقِىَ , as also شَقْوَةٌ : (S, * K:) or a simple subst. (Msb.)

Nounشَقِىٌّ1 sense

Core sense — unprosperous, unfortunate, unhappy, or miserablegenerated

1and I have not been, in supplicating You, my Lord, unprosperous—وَلَمٌ أَكُنْ بِدُعَائِكَ رَبِّ شَقِيًّا

Unprosperous, unfortunate, unhappy, or miserable; [or in a state of straitness, distress, adversity, or difficulty (see its verb)]. Plural أَشْقِيَآءُ.

In the Qur'ān 19:4; it means: I have been one whose prayer has been answered.

Show Lane's original text

Unprosperous, unfortunate, unhappy, or miserable: (S, Msb, TA:) [or in a state of straitness, distress, adversity, or difficulty: (see its verb:)] pl. أَشْقِيَآءُ . (TA.) وَلَمٌ أَكُنْ بِدُعَائِكَ رَبِّ شَقِيًّا , in the Kur [xix. 4, And I have not been, in supplicating Thee, my Lord, unprosperous], means I have been one whose prayer has been answered. (TA.)

Nounشَقَاوَةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — unprosperousness, misery; fatiguegenerated

A maṣdar of شَقِىَ, or a simple substantive, meaning unprosperousness and the like (see its verb); the opposite of سَعَادَةٌ.

Er-Rāghib: it is of two kinds, أُخْرَاوِيَّةٌ [relating to the world to come] and دُنْيَاوِيَّةٌ [relating to the present world]; and the latter is of three kinds, نَفْسِيَّةٌ [relating to the soul], بَدَنِيَّةٌ [relating to the body], and خَارِجِيَّةٌ [relating to external circumstances].

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredalso fatigue—تَعَبٌ

But the latter has a more general meaning: every شقاوة is تعب, but every تعب is not شقاوة.

Show Lane's original text

an inf. n. of شَقِىَ ; (S, * K;) or a simple subst.; (Msb;) signifying Unprosperousness, &c.; [see its verb;] contr. of سَعَادَةٌ : (S, Er-Rághib, TA:) it is of two kinds; أُخْرَاوِيَّةٌ [relating to the world to come] and دُنْيَاوِيَّةٌ [relating to the present world]: and the latter is of three kinds; نَفْسِيَّةٌ [relating to the soul] and بَدَنِيَّةٌ [relating to the body] and خَارِجِيَّةٌ [relating to external circumstances]. (Er-Rághib, TA.) Also Fatigue; syn. تَعَبٌ ; but the latter has a more general signification; every شقاوة being تعب , but every تعب is not شقاوة . (TA.)

Nounأَشْقَى2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — more, or most, unprosperous; more fatiguedgenerated

More, and most, unprosperous, and the like.

1.1figurative · مجاز

And more, and most, fatigued.

Qur’ānic occurrences أَشْقَى 2 shown of 3

87:11

وَيَتَجَنَّبُهَا ٱلْأَشْقَى

But it will be avoided by those most unfortunate ones,

91:12

إِذِ ٱنۢبَعَثَ أَشْقَىٰهَا

Behold, the most wicked man among them was deputed (for impiety).

Show Lane's original text

[More, and most, unprosperous, &c. And] More [and most] fatigued. (TA.)

Nounمِشْقًى1 sense

Core sense — a combgenerated

A comb; a dialectal variant of مِشْقَأٌ.

Show Lane's original text

A comb: a dial. var. of مِشْقَأٌ . (AZ, K.)