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شرك

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Form 1شَرِكَهُ فِيهِ2 senses
muḍāriʿـَيَفْعَلُmaṣdarشِرْكَةٌ شَرَكٌ

Core sense — he shared with him in it; he became his partner in itgenerated

1.1he shared with him in it; he became his partner in it—شاركهُ فيه

maṣdar شِرْكَةٌ and شَرِكَةٌ, the first a contraction of the second but the more usual, and شِرْكٌ and شَرِكٌ, the first of these two a contraction of the second but the more usual; or شِرْكٌ (see below) is a simple noun.

Said of a sale or purchase, of an inheritance, or of an affair.

That is, he was, or became, a شَرِيك [or copartner] to him in it.

[It is said in the TA, after the mention of شَرِكَهُ with its, that it is more chaste than اشركهُ, which implies that this latter is sometimes used with the same meaning; I find no clear authority for that.]

And he entered with him into it, or engaged with him in it; said of an affair.

1.2the sandal had its strap broken—شَرِكَتِ النَّعْلُ

. The part broken is the شِرَاك. Ibn-Buzurj.

.

Show Lane's original text
, aor. شَرَكَ , inf. n. شِرْكَةٌ (S, Mgh, * Msb, K) and شَرِكَةٌ , the former a contraction of the latter, but the more usual, (Msb,) and شِرْكٌ (Mgh, Msb) and شَرِكٌ , the former of these two a contraction of the latter, but the more usual, (Msb,) or شِرْكٌ [q. v. infrà] is a simple subst., (S, K,) [He shared, participated, or partook, with him in it;] he was, or became, a شَرِيك [or copartner &c.] to him in it; (Msb;) namely, a sale or purchase, and an inheritance, (S, K,) or an affair; (Msb;) and شاركهُ فيه [signifies the same]. (Mgh, Msb, * K. * [It is said in the TA, after the mention of شَرِكَهُ with its inf. n. شِرْكَةٌ , that it is more chaste than اشركهُ ; by which it is implied that this latter is sometimes used as syn. with the former; for which I do not find any express authority.] And He entered with him into it; [or engaged with him in it;] namely, an affair. (TA.) شَرِكَتِ النَّعْلُ , aor. شَرَكَ , The sandal had its شِرَاك broken; (Ibn-Buzurj, K;) inf. n. شَرَكٌ . (TK.)
Form 2شَرَّكَ3 senses · 2 main
maṣdarتَشْرِيكٌ

Core sense — he put a strap on the sandal; he sold part of what he boughtgenerated

2.1

See form 4.

2.1.1the selling of part of what one has bought for the price at which it was bought—تَشْرِيكٌ

This is the maṣdar.

2.2he put a strap on the sandal—شرّك النَّعْلَ

. The part put on is the شِرَاك.

Also أَشْرَكَهَا, maṣdar إِشْرَاكٌ.

Show Lane's original text
see 4. [The inf. n.] تَشْرِيكٌ also signifies The selling a part [or share] of what one has purchased for that for which it was purchased. (Mgh, K.) شرّك النَّعْلَ , (S, * Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَشْرِيكٌ , (S, K,) He put a شِرَاك to the sandal; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also أَشْرَكَهَا , (S, TA,) inf. n. إِشْرَاكٌ . (TA.)
Form 3شَارَكْتُ فُلَانًا1 sense
maṣdarمُشَارَكَةٌ

Core sense — I shared with such a one; I became his partnergenerated

3.1I shared with such a one; I became his partner—مُشَارَكَةٌ

This is the maṣdar; the partner is the شَرِيك.

El-Jaadee says: [And we shared with Kureysh in their piety and in their several grounds of pretension to respect, with a sharing exclusive of other properties]

shāhid
وَشَارَكْنَا قُرَيْشًا فِى تُقَاهَاوَفِى أَحْسَابِهَا شِرْكَ العِنَانِ

See also form 1 and form 8.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 3
17:64
وَٱسْتَفْزِزْ مَنِ ٱسْتَطَعْتَ مِنْهُم بِصَوْتِكَ وَأَجْلِبْ عَلَيْهِم بِخَيْلِكَ وَرَجِلِكَ وَشَارِكْهُمْ فِى ٱلْأَمْوَٰلِ وَٱلْأَوْلَـٰدِ وَعِدْهُمْ ۚ وَمَا يَعِدُهُمُ ٱلشَّيْطَـٰنُ إِلَّا غُرُورًا

"Lead to destruction those whom thou canst among them, with thy (seductive) voice; make assaults on them with thy cavalry and thy infantry; mutually share with them wealth and children; and make promises to them." But Satan promises them nothing but deceit.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
, (S, TA,) inf. n. مُشَارَكَةٌ , (TK,) [I shared, participated, or partook, with such a one;] I was, or became, the شَرِيك [or copartner &c.] of such a one. (S, TA.) El-Jaadee says, 1 [And we shared with Kureysh in their piety and in their several grounds of pretension to respect, with a sharing exclusive of other properties]. (S.) See also 1. [And see 8.] وَشَارَكْنَا قُرَيْشًا فِى تُقَاهَا | وَفِى أَحْسَابِهَا شِرْكَ العِنَانِ
Form 4أَشْرَكْتُهُ فِى الأَمْرِ4 senses · 3 main

Core sense — I made him my partner in the affair; he attributed a partner to Godgenerated

4.1I made them partners in the property—شَرَّكْتُ بَيْنَهُمْ فِى المَالِ

I made him my شَرِيك, my partner, in the affair.

شَرَّكَهُمْ, in this article on the authority of Esh-Sháfiʿee, likewise means he made them partners, and أَشْرَكَ بَيْنَهُمْ is used in the same sense.

and make him my partner in my affair—وَأَشْرِكْهُ فِى أَمْرِى

This is in the Kur 20:33; the word شَرِيك means partner, associate, or colleague.

he made him enter with him into the affair—اشركهُ مَعَهُ فِى الأَمْرِ
he made such a one share with him in the sale or purchase—اشرك فُلَانًا فِى البَيْعِ
4.1.1he attributed to God a partner in His dominion—اشرك بِٱللّٰهِ

The partner attributed is a شَرِيك, or شُرَكَآء, partners such as the angels and the devils (see Kur 6:100 and the commentaries on it): that is, he believed in two gods, or in more than one god.

And in a wider sense: he disbelieved in God; the synonym is كَفَرَ, used in this sense because الكُفْرُ is not free from some kind of شِرْك.

Qur’ān 6:100 matched to Lane’s own quotation of it Lane cites “Kur vi. 100”
Qur’ān 6:100 Lane quotes this verse
وَجَعَلُوا۟ لِلَّهِ شُرَكَآءَ ٱلْجِنَّ وَخَلَقَهُمْ ۖ وَخَرَقُوا۟ لَهُۥ بَنِينَ وَبَنَـٰتٍۭ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ ۚ سُبْحَـٰنَهُۥ وَتَعَـٰلَىٰ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ

Yet they make the Jinns equals with Allah, though Allah did create the Jinns; and they falsely, having no knowledge, attribute to Him sons and daughters. Praise and glory be to Him! (for He is) above what they attribute to Him!Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

4.2

See also form 1.

4.3

And form 2.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 4 4 shown of 67
7:191
أَيُشْرِكُونَ مَا لَا يَخْلُقُ شَيْـًٔا وَهُمْ يُخْلَقُونَ

Do they indeed ascribe to Him as partners things that can create nothing, but are themselves created?

20:32
وَأَشْرِكْهُ فِىٓ أَمْرِى

"And make him share my task:

23:59
وَٱلَّذِينَ هُم بِرَبِّهِمْ لَا يُشْرِكُونَ

Those who join not (in worship) partners with their Lord;

40:73
ثُمَّ قِيلَ لَهُمْ أَيْنَ مَا كُنتُمْ تُشْرِكُونَ

Then shall it be said to them: "Where are the (deities) to which ye gave part-worship-

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
I made him a شَرِيك [or copartner &c.] to me in the affair: and شَرَّكْتُ بَيْنَهُمْ فِى المَالِ [I made them copartners in the property; and شَرَّكَهُمْ , occurring in this art. in the TA, on the authority of Esh-Sháfi'ee, means, in like manner, he made them copartners; and أَشْرَكَ بَيْنَهُمْ is used in this sense in the present art. in the K]. (Msb.) وَأَشْرِكْهُ فِى أَمْرِى , in the Kur [xx. 33], means And make Thou him my شَرِيك [or copartner, or associate, or colleague,] in my affair. (S.) And one says also, اشركهُ مَعَهُ فِى الأَمْرِ He made him to enter [or engage] with him in the affair: and اشرك فُلَانًا فِى البَيْعِ He made such a one to enter [or share] with him in the sale or purchase. (TA.) [Hence,] اشرك بِٱللّٰهِ He attributed to God a شَرِيك [or copartner &c.] (Mgh, TA) in his dominion: (TA:) [or he attributed to God شُرَكَآء i. e. copartners &c., such as the angels and the devils: (see Kur vi. 100, &c., and any of the expositions thereof:) i. e. he believed in a duality, or a plurality, of gods:] and [in a wider sense,] he disbelieved [or misbelieved] in God: syn. كَفَرَ : (S, * Msb, K, TA:) used in this latter sense because الكُفْرُ is not free from some kind of شِرْك . (Kull p. 49.) See also 1: and 2.
Form 6تَشَاْرَكَ1 sense

Core sense — they shared with one another; they became partnersgenerated

6.1

See the next entry, in three places.

Show Lane's original text
see the next paragraph, in three places.
Form 8اشتركوا3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — they shared with one another; they became partners; it became confusedgenerated

8.1they shared one with another; they became partners—تشاركوا

The same is expressed by اشتركا, تشاركا, اشتركنا and تشاركنا: they, and they two, and we shared with one another, each with the other.

The thing shared is introduced by فِى كَذَا: in such a thing.

8.1.1being homonymous; literally, being shared in by several meanings—الاِشْتِرَاكُ

A term of lexicology; used as a noun it means homonymy. Mz, 25th نوع, and the introduction to the TA.

many meanings share in it—تَشْتَرِكُ فِيهِ مَعَانٍ كَثِيرَةٌ

Said of a noun or word that is termed مُشْتَرَكٌ.

8.1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredthe affair, or case, became confused and doubtful—اشترك الأَمْرُ
Show Lane's original text
and تشاركوا , (Mgh, Msb,) and اشتركا and تشاركا , (K,) and اشتركنا and تشاركنا , (S,) [They, and they two, and we, shared, participated, or partook, one with another, and each with the other; or were, or became, copartners, &c.;] فِى كَذَا [in such a thing]. (S.) [Hence,] الاِشْتِرَاكُ in lexicology signifies The being homonymous; lit. the being shared, or participated, in by several meanings: [used as a subst., homonymy:] (Mz, 25th نوع ; and Intr. to the TA:) one says of a noun [or word] that is termed مُشْتَرَكٌ [q. v.], تَشْتَرِكُ فِيهِ مَعَانٍ كَثِيرَةٌ [Many meanings share, or participate, in it]. (TA.) And اشترك الأَمْرُ The affair, or case, was, or became, confused, and dubious. (TA.)

Derived nouns 18

Nounشَرْكٌ1 sense

Core sense — a sharing, partnershipgenerated

1

See the entry that follows.

Show Lane's original text
: see what next follows.
Nounشِرْكٌ4 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a sharing, partnership; a share; attributing partners to God; hypocrisygenerated

1he allowed the people of El-Yemen to share with one another in land—أَجَازَ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ اليَمَنِ الشِّرْكَ

It is a maṣdar of شَرِكَهُ, as mentioned in the first sentence of this article, or a noun from it, and means the same as شِرْكَةٌ: a sharing, taking part, or partnership.

The same meaning belongs to شَرِكٌ and شَرِكَةٌ, and to شَرْكٌ and شَرْكَةٌ, and also to شُرْكَةٌ with damm, which MF says is unknown, though it is common in Syria, almost to the exclusion of the other variants mentioned above.

From a tradition of Muʿādh. The sharing is in land, and apparently in its produce, the owner giving it to another for half of the produce, or a third, or the like; a similar example of the same word occurs in another tradition. See also the example in the verse cited under form 3.

we desire to share with you in relationship by marriage—رَغِبْنَا فِى شِرْكِكُمْ
1.1a share of his house was sold—بِيعَ شِرْكٌ مِنْ دَارِهِ
he freed a share belonging to him in a slave—أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِى عَبْدٍ

A share.

Plural أَشْرَاكٌ. [See a verse of Lebeed cited under زَعَامَةٌ.]

1.2the thing I fear most for my people is hypocrisy—إِنَّ أَخْوَفَ مَا أَخَافُ عَلَى أُمَّتِى الشِّرْكُ

It is also a noun from أَشْرَكَ بِٱللّٰهِ, as in the Kur 31:12, meaning the attribution of a شَرِيك, a partner, to God, or of شُرَكَآء, partners (see form 4); so it may be rendered belief in more than one god. And in a wider sense, unbelief; synonym كُفْرٌ.

It is also explained as meaning hypocrisy; this is a saying of the Prophet.

hypocrisy is more hidden in my people than the creeping of ants—الشِّرْكُ أَخْفَى فِى أُمَّتِى مِنْ دَبِيبِ النَّمْلِ

And so in this tradition.

Qur’ān 31:13 approximate — somewhere between 31:1 and 31:19 Lane cites “Kur xxxi. 12”
Qur’ān 31:13 the verse Lane’s citation points to, and it uses this root
وَإِذْ قَالَ لُقْمَـٰنُ لِٱبْنِهِۦ وَهُوَ يَعِظُهُۥ يَـٰبُنَىَّ لَا تُشْرِكْ بِٱللَّهِ ۖ إِنَّ ٱلشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ

Behold, Luqman said to his son by way of instruction: "O my son! join not in worship (others) with Allah: for false worship is indeed the highest wrong-doing."Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

1.3

See also شَرِيكٌ, in two places.

Qur’ānic occurrences شِرْك 4 shown of 5
31:13
وَإِذْ قَالَ لُقْمَـٰنُ لِٱبْنِهِۦ وَهُوَ يَعِظُهُۥ يَـٰبُنَىَّ لَا تُشْرِكْ بِٱللَّهِ ۖ إِنَّ ٱلشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ

Behold, Luqman said to his son by way of instruction: "O my son! join not in worship (others) with Allah: for false worship is indeed the highest wrong-doing."

34:22
قُلِ ٱدْعُوا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ زَعَمْتُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ ۖ لَا يَمْلِكُونَ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَلَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ وَمَا لَهُمْ فِيهِمَا مِن شِرْكٍ وَمَا لَهُۥ مِنْهُم مِّن ظَهِيرٍ

Say: "Call upon other (gods) whom ye fancy, besides Allah: They have no power,- not the weight of an atom,- in the heavens or on earth: No (sort of) share have they therein, nor is any of them a helper to Allah.

35:14
إِن تَدْعُوهُمْ لَا يَسْمَعُوا۟ دُعَآءَكُمْ وَلَوْ سَمِعُوا۟ مَا ٱسْتَجَابُوا۟ لَكُمْ ۖ وَيَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ يَكْفُرُونَ بِشِرْكِكُمْ ۚ وَلَا يُنَبِّئُكَ مِثْلُ خَبِيرٍ

If ye invoke them, they will not listen to your call, and if they were to listen, they cannot answer your (prayer). On the Day of Judgment they will reject your "Partnership". and none, (O man!) can tell thee (the Truth) like the One Who is acquainted with all things.

46:4
قُلْ أَرَءَيْتُم مَّا تَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ أَرُونِى مَاذَا خَلَقُوا۟ مِنَ ٱلْأَرْضِ أَمْ لَهُمْ شِرْكٌ فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ ۖ ٱئْتُونِى بِكِتَـٰبٍ مِّن قَبْلِ هَـٰذَآ أَوْ أَثَـٰرَةٍ مِّنْ عِلْمٍ إِن كُنتُمْ صَـٰدِقِينَ

Say: "Do ye see what it is ye invoke besides Allah? Show me what it is they have created on earth, or have they a share in the heavens bring me a book (revealed) before this, or any remnant of knowledge (ye may have), if ye are telling the truth!

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
is an inf. n. of شَرِكَهُ , as mentioned in the first sentence of this art.: (Mgh, Msb:) or a subst. therefrom: (S:) and is syn. with شِرْكَةٌ , [signifying A sharing, participating or participation, partaking, or copartnership, and mentioned before as an inf. n.,] (K,) as also are شَرِكٌ and شَرِكَةٌ , [likewise mentioned before as inf. ns.,] and شَرْكٌ and شَرْكَةٌ , (MF, TA,) and so is شُرْكَةٌ , with damm, (K,) this last said by MF to be unknown, but it is common in Syria, almost to the exclusion of the other dial. vars. mentioned above. (TA.) An ex. of the first occurs in a trad, of Mo'ádh, أَجَازَ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ اليَمَنِ الشِّرْكَ , meaning [He allowed, among the people of El-Yemen,] the sharing, one with another, ( الاِشْتِرَاك ,) in land [and app. its produce], by its owner giving it to another for the half [app. of its produce], or the third, or the like thereof: and a similar ex. of the same word occurs in another trad. (TA.) See also an ex. in a verse cited above, conj. 3. And one says, رَغِبْنَا فِى شِرْكِكُمْ , meaning We are desirous of sharing with you in affinity, or relationship by marriage. (K, * TA.) And A share: (Mgh, O, Msb, TA:) as in the saying, بِيعَ شِرْكٌ مِنْ دَارِهِ [A share of his house was sold]: (Mgh:) and as in the saying, أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِى عَبْدٍ [He emancipated a share belonging to him in a slave]: (Msb:) pl. أَشْرَاكٌ . (O, Msb, TA.) [See a verse of Lebeed cited voce زَعَامَةٌ .] It is also a subst. from أَشْرَكَ بِٱللّٰهِ ; (Mgh, Msb, K, TA;) thus in the Kur xxxi. 12; (Mgh, TA;) meaning The attribution of a شَرِيك [or copartner &c., or of شُرَكَآء i. e. copartners &c., (see 4,)] to God: (Mgh:) [so that it may be rendered belief in a plurality of gods:] and [in a wider sense,] unbelief [or misbelief]; syn. كُفْرٌ . (S, Msb, K, TA.) And it is also expl. as meaning Hypocrisy: (Mgh, TA:) so in the saying of the Prophet, إِنَّ أَخْوَفَ مَا أَخَافُ عَلَى أُمَّتِى الشِّرْكُ [Verily the most fearful of what I fear for my people is hypocrisy]: (Mgh:) and so in the trad., الشِّرْكُ أَخْفَى فِى أُمَّتِى مِنْ دَبِيبِ النَّمْلِ [Hypocrisy is more latent in my people than the creeping of ants]. (IAth, TA.) See also شَرِيكٌ , in two places.
Nounشَرَكٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a hunter's snares; the main and middle parts of a roadgenerated

1I seek protection with You from the mischief of the Devil and his snares—أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ الشَّيْطَانِ وَشَرَكِهِ

The حِبَالَة — properly a singular, meaning snare, but here apparently used as a generic noun, snares — of the صَائِد, the sportsman or catcher of game, whether wild animals or birds; one of them is called شَرَكَةٌ. The meaning of the شَرَك of the صَائِد is well known.

The plural is أَشْرَاكٌ, like سَبَبٌ and أَسْبَابٌ; or, as some say, شَرَكٌ is the plural of شَرَكَةٌ [or rather is a collective generic noun of which شَرَكَةٌ is the ism waḥda], like قَصَبٌ and قَصَبَةٌ.

That is, شَرَكٌ means the حَبَائِل [or snares — or perhaps the cords a snare is made of, since حَبَائِلُ is an irregular plural of حَبْلٌ] for catching wild animals and the like, and the things set up for catching birds; one of them is said to be called شَرَكَةٌ [a term used in the K, in the article on شبك, to explain شَبَكَةٌ, which means a net]. The plural of شَرَكٌ is شُرُكٌ with two dammas, which is irregular [like فُلُكٌ, plural of فَلَكٌ].

From this comes the tradition, where the meaning is حَبَائِلِهِ وَمَصَايِدِهِ.

1.1the main and middle parts of the road—شَرَكُ الطَّرِيقِ

Synonym جَوَادُّهُ; or the tracks that are clear and distinct, neither obscure nor running into one another. It is the plural, or rather the collective generic noun, of شَرَكَةٌ.

Or the أَنْسَاع of the road: the furrows made in its surface by the legs of the beasts, one شَرَكَة here and another beside it; or أَشْرَاكٌ is its plural and means the small tracks that branch off from the main road and then come to an end. [See أُسٌّ.]

Show Lane's original text
The حِبَالَة [properly a sing., meaning snare, but here app. used as a gen. n., meaning snares, as will be seen from what follows,] of the صَائِد [i. e. sportsman, or catcher of game, or wild animals, or birds]; one of which is called شَرَكَةٌ : (S, O:) the meaning of the شَرَك of the صَائِد is well known; and the pl. is أَشْرَاكٌ ; like سَبَبٌ and أَسْبَابٌ : or, as some say, شَرَكٌ is the pl. of شَرَكَةٌ , [or rather is a coll. gen. n. of which شَرَكَةٌ is the n. un.,] like قَصَبٌ and قَصَبَةٌ : (Msb:) [i. e.,] شَرَكٌ signifies the حَبَائِل [or snares, or by this may perhaps be meant the cords composing a snare, for حَبَائِلُ is an anomalous pl. of حَبْلٌ ,] for catching wild animals or the like; and what is, or are, set up for [catching] birds: (K, TA:) one whereof is said to be called شَرَكَةٌ [a term used in the K, in art. شبك , as the explanation of شَبَكَةٌ , which means a net]: (TA:) and the pl. of شَرَكٌ is شُرُكٌ , with two dammehs, which is extr. [with respect to analogy, like فُلُكٌ pl. of فَلَكٌ ]. (K.) Hence the trad., أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ الشَّيْطَانِ وَشَرَكِهِ , meaning حَبَائِلِهِ وَمَصَايِدِهِ [i. e. I seek protection by Thee from the mischief of the Devil, and his snares]. (TA.) شَرَكُ الطَّرِيقِ means The main and middle parts of the road; (S, K;) syn. جَوَادُّهُ : or the tracks that are [conspicuous and distinct,] not obscure to one nor blended together: (K:) pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] of شَرَكَةٌ : (S:) or the أَنْسَاع of the road; (As, TA;) i. e. the furrows of the road, made by the beasts with their legs [or feet] in its surface, a شَرَكَة here and another by the side of it: (TA:) or أَشْرَاكٌ [is its pl., and] signifies the small tracks that branch off from the main road and then stop, or terminate. (Sh, TA.) [See أُسٌّ .]
Nounشَرِكٌ1 sense

Core sense — a sharing, partnershipgenerated

1

See شِرْكٌ, first sentence.

Show Lane's original text
: see شِرْكٌ , first sentence.
Nounشَرْكَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a sharing, partnershipgenerated

1

See شِرْكٌ, first sentence.

Show Lane's original text
: see شِرْكٌ , first sentence.
Nounشُرْكَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a sharing, partnershipgenerated

1

See شِرْكٌ, first sentence.

Show Lane's original text
: see شِرْكٌ , first sentence.
Nounشِرْكَةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a sharing, partnership; a piece of meatgenerated

1

See شِرْكٌ, first sentence.

1.1

Also a piece of meat; in the dialect of El-Yemen; originally a piece of a slaughtered camel, in which people share with one another.

Show Lane's original text
: see شِرْكٌ , first sentence. Also A piece of flesh-meat; of the dial. of El-Yemen; originally, of a slaughtered camel, in which people share, one with another. (TA.)
Nounشَرَكَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a sharing, partnershipgenerated

1

See شَرَكٌ, in six places.

Show Lane's original text
: see شَرَكٌ , in six places.
Nounشَرِكَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a sharing, partnershipgenerated

1

See شِرْكٌ, first sentence.

Show Lane's original text
: see شِرْكٌ , first sentence.
Nounشُرَكِىٌّ1 sense

Core sense — a quick, swift pace; a quick, repeated slappinggenerated

1a quick, or swift, pace—شُرَّكِىٌّ

So says ISd.

a quick and repeated slapping—لَطْمٌ شُرَكِىٌّ

Like a camel's slapping of the ground when a thorn has entered its foot and it beats the ground with it blow after blow.

Ows Ibn-Hajar says: [And I am none other than one who is ready, as you see; one in the habit of quick and repeated coming to water; not one who is slow]

shāhid
وَمَا أَنَ إِلَّا مُسْتَعِدٌّ كَمَا تَرَىأَخُو شُرَكِىِّ الوِرْدِ غَيْرُ مُعَتِّمِ

That is, one who comes to water time after time in succession; he means: I will do to you what you dislike, and not delay in doing it.

Show Lane's original text
and شُرَّكِىٌّ A quick, or swift, pace: (K:) so says ISd. (TA.) And لَطْمٌ شُرَكِىٌّ A quick and consecutive slapping, (S, O, K,) like the camel's slapping when a thorn has entered his foot and he beats the ground with it with a consecutive beating. (S, * O.) Ows Ibn-Hajar says, 1 [And I am none other than one who is ready, as thou seest; one in the habit of quick and consecutive coming to water; not one who is dilatory]: i. e., one coming to water time after time, consecutively: he means, I will do to thee what thou dislikest, not delaying to do that. (S.) وَمَا أَنَ إِلَّا مُسْتَعِدٌّ كَمَا تَرَى | أَخُو شُرَكِىِّ الوِرْدِ غَيْرُ مُعَتِّمِ
Nounشِرَاكٌ4 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a sandal's thong, over the upper side of the foot; a streak of herbagegenerated

1

The thong, or strap, of the sandal that lies on its face, over the upper side of the foot.

[It extends from the thong that passes between two of the toes towards the ankle, and has two arms, which are attached to the أُذُنَانِ (see that word), or pass through them and unite behind the foot: see also خِزَامَةٌ and فَرَصَهُ, from which it appears to mean also each arm, and both arms, of the شِرَاك properly so called; and see سَيْرٌ, where it appears to be used for a thong or strap generally.]

The شِرَاك of the sandal is well known. Plural شُرُكٌ, and according to the K أَشْرُكٌ also, but this is a mistake.

In a tradition the shadow at the base of a wall, on its eastern side, when very small or narrow, is likened to this, showing that the sun has begun to decline from the meridian.

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredthe herbage among the sons of such a one is in streaks—الكَلَأُ فِى بَنِى فُلَانٍ شُرُكٌ

A streak of herbage. Plural شُرُكٌ, explained by AHn as herbage in streaks, not continuous.

So says Aboo-Nasr.

1.2figurative · مجاز — inferred

[In the K, under بَنَقَ, it is used as meaning a row of shoots, or offsets, cut from palm-trees and planted, which when planted are called مُبَنَّقٌ and مُنَبَّقٌ.]

1.3figurative · مجاز — inferredthey went away in one uniform line or manner—مَضَوْا عَلَى شِرَاكٍ وَاحِدٍ
make the affair one uniform thing—اِجْعَلِ الأَمْرَ شِرَاكًا وَاحِدًا

Fr, in the TA under بأج.

Show Lane's original text
The thong, or strap, of the sandal, (Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) that is on the face thereof, (TA,) upon the back [meaning upper side] of the foot, (Mgh, Msb,) [extending from the thong, or strap, that passes between two of the toes, towards the ankle, and having two arms (its عَضُدَانِ ), which are attached to the أُذُنَانِ (q. v.), or pass through these and unite behind the foot: see also خِزَامَةٌ , and فَرَصَهُ , whence it appears to mean also each arm, and the two arms, of the شِرَاك properly so called: and see سَيْرٌ , where it appears to be used as meaning a thong or strap, absolutely:] the شِرَاك of the sandal is well known: (O:) pl. شُرُكٌ , (O, K, TA,) and accord. to the K أَشْرُكٌ also, but this is a mistake. (TA.) To this is likened, in a trad., the shadow at the base of a wall, on the eastern side thereof, when very small [or narrow], showing that the sun has begun to decline from the meridian. (Mgh, Msb,) [Hence,] A streak of herbage: (S, O, K:) pl. شُرُكٌ , (S, O, TA,) expl. by AHn as meaning herbage in streaks; not continuous. (TA.) One says, الكَلَأُ فِى بَنِى فُلَانٍ شُرُكٌ The herbage among the sons of such a one is composed of streaks. (Aboo-Nasr, S, O.) [In the K voce بَنَقَ it is used as meaning A row of shoots, or offsets, cut from palm-trees and planted, such as are termed, when planted, مُبَنَّقٌ and مُنَبَّقٌ .] [Hence,] one says, مَضَوْا عَلَى شِرَاكٍ وَاحِدٍ [They went away in one uniform line or manner]. (TA.) And اِجْعَلِ الأَمْرَ شِرَاكًا وَاحِدًا Make thou the affair, or case, [uniform, or] one uniform thing. (Fr, TA in art. بأج .)
Nounشَرِيكٌ1 sense

Core sense — a sharer, a partner, an associategenerated

1such a one is married to the daughter, or the sister, of such a one—فُلَانٌ شَرِيكُ فُلَانٍ

Ism fāʿil of شَرِكَةٌ, and the same as مُشَارِكٌ: a sharer, partaker, or partner with another; a copartner, associate, or colleague; شِرْكٌ means the same.

A sharer in what is not divided, or a sharer in the rights of a thing that is sold.

Plural شُرَكَآءُ and أَشْرَاكٌ, like شُرَفَآءُ and أَشْرَافٌ, plurals of شَرِيفٌ; or the second is the plural of شِرْكٌ.

A woman is called شَرِيكَةٌ, a word applied to a man's جَارَة, his wife or the object of his love; the plural of this is شَرَائِكُ.

Az mentions hearing one of the Arabs say this; the woman is what people call the خَتَن.

Qur’ānic occurrences شَرِيك 1 shown of 34
6:163
لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُۥ ۖ وَبِذَٰلِكَ أُمِرْتُ وَأَنَا۠ أَوَّلُ ٱلْمُسْلِمِينَ

No partner hath He: this am I commanded, and I am the first of those who bow to His will.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
act. part. n. of شَرِكَةٌ ; (Mgh;) i. q. مُشَارِكٌ [A sharer, participator, partaker, or partner, with another; a copartner, an associate, or a colleague, of another]; (K;) and شِرْكٌ signifies the same: (Az, K, TA:) a sharer in what is not divided: (K and TK in art. خلط :) or a sharer in the rights of a thing that is sold: (Mgh in that art.:) pl. شُرَكَآءُ and أَشْرَاكٌ , (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) like شُرَفَآءُ and أَشْرَافٌ pls. of شَرِيفٌ ; (S, O, TA;) or the latter is pl. of شِرْكٌ : (Az, TA:) a woman is termed شَرِيكَةٌ ; (S, O, K;) which is applied to a man's جَارَة [i. e. wife, or object of love]; (TA;) and the pl. of this is شَرَائِكُ . (S, O, K.) Az mentions his having heard one of the Arabs say, فُلَانٌ شَرِيكُ فُلَانٍ meaning Such a one is married to the daughter, or to the sister, of such a one; what people call the خَتَن [of such a one]. (TA.)
Nounمُشْرِكٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — one who attributes partners to God; a disbeliever in Godgenerated

1one who attributes a partner to God—مُشْرِكِىٌّ

Formed as one says دَوٌّ and دَوِّىٌّ, and قَعْسَرٌ and قَعْسَرِىٌّ.

One who attributes to God a شَرِيك, a partner, or شُرَكَآء, partners (see form 4): that is, one who believes in two gods, or in more than one god; and, in a wider sense, one who disbelieves in God.

Abu-l-ʿAbbás explains the plural مُشْرِكُونَ in the Kur 16:102 as those who are مشركون by obeying the Devil, worshipping God and worshipping the Devil along with Him.

Qur’ān 16:100 approximate — somewhere between 16:84 and 16:106 Lane cites “Kur xvi. 102”
Qur’ān 16:100 the verse Lane’s citation points to, and it uses this root
إِنَّمَا سُلْطَـٰنُهُۥ عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ يَتَوَلَّوْنَهُۥ وَٱلَّذِينَ هُم بِهِۦ مُشْرِكُونَ

His authority is over those only, who take him as patron and who join partners with Allah.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

1.1

[In one place in the CK the former word is put by mistake for مُشْتَرَكٌ; see that word, last sentence.]

Qur’ānic occurrences مُشْرِك 2 shown of 43
12:106
وَمَا يُؤْمِنُ أَكْثَرُهُم بِٱللَّهِ إِلَّا وَهُم مُّشْرِكُونَ

And most of them believe not in Allah without associating (other as partners) with Him!

15:94
فَٱصْدَعْ بِمَا تُؤْمَرُ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ

Therefore expound openly what thou art commanded, and turn away from those who join false gods with Allah.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
and مُشْرِكِىٌّ , (S, O, K,) like as one says دَوٌّ and دَوِّىٌّ , and قَعْسَرٌ and قَعْسَرِىٌّ , (S, O,) One who attributes to God a شَرِيك [or copartner &c., or شُرَكَآء i. e. copartners &c. (see 4)]: (O:) [i. e. a believer in a duality, or a plurality, of gods:] and [in a wider sense,] a disbeliever [or misbeliever] in God. (S, O, K.) Abu-l-'Abbás explains [the pl.] مُشْرِكُونَ in the Kur xvi. 102 as meaning Those who are مشركون by their obeying the Devil; by their worshipping God and worshipping with Him the Devil. (TA.) [In one place, in the CK, the former word is erroneously put for مُشْتَرَكٌ , q. v., last sentence.]
Nounمُشْرِكِىٌّ1 sense

Core sense — one who attributes partners to Godgenerated

1

See the entry before this one.

Show Lane's original text
: see the next preceding paragraph.
Nounالفَرِيضَةُ المُشَرَّكَةُ1 sense

Core sense — the assigned inheritance in which brothers by the mother and by both parents share togethergenerated

1O Prince of the Believers, suppose our father was an ass; make us share through our mother—يَا أَمِيرَ المُؤْمِنِينَ هَبْ أَنَّ أَبَانَا كَانَ حِمَارًا فَأَشْرِكْنَا بِقَرَابَةِ أُمَّنَا

Or المَسْأَلَةُ المَشَرَّكَةُ, for المُشَرَّكُ فِيهَا: the assigned portion of inheritance, or the question relating to it (المَسْأَلَةُ المُشَرَّكَةُ standing for مَسْأَلَةُ الفَرِيضَةِ المُشَرَّكَةِ), in which the brothers by the mother's side only and those by both the father's and the mother's sides are made to share together.

It is also called المُشَرِّكَةُ, that makes to share, figuratively; and also المُشْتَرَكَةُ [for المُشْتَرَكُ فِيهَا], that is shared in.

This is the case of a husband, a mother, brothers by the mother's side, and brothers by the father's and mother's sides: the wife has a half, the mother a sixth, and the brothers by the mother's side a third, and the brothers by the father's and mother's sides share it with them.

ʿOmar decided a case of this kind by assigning the third to two brothers by the mother's side and nothing to the brothers by the father's and mother's sides; on which they said this.

So he made them share together (فَأَشْرَكَ بَيْنَهُمْ, so in the O and K, but correctly فَشَرَّكَ بينهم, or, as later in the TA, فَشَرَّكَهُمْ); and therefore it was called مُشَرَّكَة [and مُشَرِّكَة] and مُشْتَرَكَة [in the CK, wrongly, مُشْرَكَة] and also حِمَارِيَّة.

suppose our father was a stone thrown into the sea—هَبْ أَنَّ أَبَانَا كَانَ حَجَرًا مُلْقًى فِى اليَمِّ

It is also called حَجَرِيَّة, because they are related to have said this.

And some called it يَمِّيَّة; and it was also called عُمَرِيَّة. The TA adds more, explaining different decisions of this case.

Show Lane's original text
, (O, K, TA,) or المَسْأَلَةُ المَشَرَّكَةُ , (Msb,) for المُشَرَّكُ فِيهَا , (Msb, TA,) is That [assigned portion of inheritance, or the question relating thereto ( المَسْأَلَةُ المُشَرَّكَةُ being for مَسْأَلَةُ الفَرِيضَةِ المُشَرَّكَةِ ),] in which the brothers by the mother's side [only] and those by [both] the father's and the mother's sides are made to share together; (O, Msb, * K, TA;) also called المُشَرِّكَةُ [that makes to share], tropically; (Msb;) and called also المُشْتَرَكَةُ [for المُشْتَرَكُ فِيهَا i. e. that is shared in]: (Lth, K, TA:) this is the case of a husband and a mother and brothers by the mother's side and brothers by the father's and mother's sides: (O, K, TA:) for the wife is half; and for the mother, a sixth; and for the brothers by the mother's side, a third, and the brothers by the father's and mother's sides share with them: (O, TA:) 'Omar decided in a case of this kind by assigning the third to two brothers by the mother's side, and not assigning anything to the brothers by the father's and mother's sides; whereupon they said, يَا أَمِيرَ المُؤْمِنِينَ هَبْ أَنَّ أَبَانَا كَانَ حِمَارًا فَأَشْرِكْنَا بِقَرَابَةِ أُمَّنَا [O Prince of the Believers, suppose that our father was an ass, and make us to share by reason of the relationship of our mother]: so he made them to share together ( فَأَشْرَكَ بَيْنَهُمْ [thus in the O and K, but correctly فَشَرَّكَ بينهم , or, as afterwards in the TA, فَشَرَّكَهُمْ ]): (O, K, TA:) therefore it (i. e. the فَرِيضَة , TA) was called مُشَرَّكَة [and مُشَرِّكَة ] and مُشْتَرَكَة , [in the CK, erroneously, مُشْرَكَة ,] and also حِمَارِيَّة : (K, TA:) and it is also called حَجَرِيَّة , because it is related that they said, هَبْ أَنَّ أَبَانَا كَانَ حَجَرًا مُلْقًى فِى اليَمِّ [suppose that our father was a stone thrown into the sea]; and [therefore] some called it يَمِّيَّة : and it was called also عُمَرِيَّة . (TA. [More is there added, explaining different decisions of this case.])
Nounالمُشَرِّكَةُ1 sense

Core sense — the inheritance question that makes brothers share togethergenerated

1

See the entry before this one.

Show Lane's original text
: see the next preceding paragraph.
Nounمُشَارِكٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — sharing with another, a partnergenerated

1

See شَرِيكٌ.

1.1a wind nearer to one named wind than to the two winds it blows between—رِيحٌ مُشَارِكٌ

The wind it is nearer to is the نَكْبَآء; see that word.

Show Lane's original text
: see شَرِيكٌ . رِيحٌ مُشَارِكٌ means A wind to which the نَكْبَآء [q. v.] is nearer than the two winds between which this blows. (K.)
Nounمُشْتَرَكٌ6 senses · 1 main

Core sense — shared in, as a road; a homonym; a hired man shared by allgenerated

1a road that is shared in, in which people are equal sharers—طَرِيق

It stands for مُشْتَرَكٌ فِيهِ.

1.1the hired man who is shared in—الأَجِيرُ المُشْتَرَكُ

In my copy of the Mgh this is wrongly written المُشْتَرِكُ.

No one has his work for himself alone; he works for everyone who comes to him for work, like the tailor in the sitting-places of the markets; or he works for whom he pleases.

As for أَجِيرُ المُشْتَرَكِ, it is not right, unless the word put in the genitive after it is explained as a maṣdar.

1.2

See also الفَرِيضَةُ المُشَرَّكَةُ above.

1.3a noun shared in by many meanings; a homonym—اِسْمٌ مُشْتَرَكٌ

In the same way it stands for مُشْتَرَكٌ فِيهِ. Examples are عَيْنٌ and the like. Mz, 25th نوع, and the TA in this article and in its introduction.

Or مُشْتَرَكٌ means a word having two or more meanings; it is applied to a noun, to the past tense of a verb as expressing both statement and prayer, to the muḍāriʿ as expressing both the present and the future, and to a particle. Mz, in the same place.

[مُشْتَرَكٌ, used as a noun meaning a homonym, has the plural مُشْتَرَكَاتٌ.]

1.4

[الحِسُّ المُشْتَرَكُ, for المُشْتَرَكُ فِيهِ, means, in the conventional language of the philosophers, the faculty of fancy, so called because the five senses “share in” it; but in common use it means common sense.]

1.5figurative · مجاز — inferredtalking to himself, like one troubled by anxiety—مُشْتَرَكٌ

His judgment is shared in, not single.

Said of a man; the word stands for مُشْتَرَكٌ فِيهِ. As.

In the CK it is wrongly written مُشْرِكٌ.

Show Lane's original text
, applied to a road ( طَرِيق , Mgh, Msb, TA), is for مُشْتَرَكٌ فِيهِ , (Msb,) meaning [Shared in: or] in which the people are equal [sharers]. (TA.) Hence, الأَجِيرُ المُشْتَرَكُ [in my copy of the Mgh, erroneously, المُشْتَرِكُ ,] The hired man [that is shared in; i. e.,] whose work no one has for himself exclusively of others, but who works for every one who repairs to him for work, like the tailor in the sitting-places of the markets; (Msb;) or who works for whom he pleases: as to أَجِيرُ المُشْتَرَكِ , it is not right, unless the word thus governed in the gen. case be expl. as an inf. n. (Mgh.) See also الفَرِيضَةُ المُشَرَّكَةُ , above. اِسْمٌ مُشْتَرَكٌ [in like manner for مُشْتَرَكٌ فِيهِ A noun shared in by several meanings; i. e. a homonym;] a noun shared in by many meanings, such as عَيْنٌ and the like: (Mz, 25th نوع ; and TA in the present art. and in the Intr.:) or مُشْتَرَكٌ signifies a word having two, or more, meanings; and is applied to a noun, and to the pret. of a verb as denoting predication and prayer, and to the aor. as denoting the present and the future, and to a particle: (Mz ubi suprà:) [ مُشْتَرَكٌ used as a subst., meaning a homonym, has for its pl. مُشْتَرَكَاتٌ .] [ الحِسُّ المُشْتَرَكُ , for المُشْتَرَكُ فِيهِ , signifies, in the conventional language of the philosophers, The faculty of fancy; so called because “ participated in ” by the five senses: but it is vulgarly used as meaning common sense.] مُشْتَرَكٌ applied to a man, [for مُشْتَرَكٌ فِيهِ ,] means Talking to himself, like him who is affected with anxiety; (As, S, K, TA; [in the CK, erroneously, مُشْرِكٌ ;]) his judgment being shared in; not one. (TA.)