← All rootsReader's Key

شد

Form 1 · Form 2 · Form 3 · Form 4 · Form 5 · Form 6 · Form 8  ·  18 entries  ·  Qur'ānic frequency 102

Form 1شَدَّ7 senses · 3 main
muḍāriʿـِيَفْعِلُ·ـَيَفْعَلُ·ـُيَفْعُلُmaṣdarشِدَّةٌ شَدٌّ

Core sense — he made it firm or strong; he tied it fast; he charged upon himgenerated

1.1

As an intransitive verb: see 8; and see also شِدَّةٌ.

1.1.1it is distressing, or it distresses me, that you are going away—شَدَّ مَا أَنَّكَ ذَاهِبٌ

لَشَدَّ مَا is an expression used in the same sense as لَعَزَّ مَا and لَحَقَّ مَا, and in the same way without the ل.

That is, حَقَّ أَنَّكَ ذَاهِبٌ.

If you like, you may treat شَدَّ as similar to نِعْمَ, as when you say نِعْمَ العَمَلُ أَنَّكَ تَقُولُ الحَقَّ [Excellent, or most excellent, is the deed, your saying the truth].

[It is also used to make a following verb intensive, as in لَشَدَّ مَا أَبْغَضَنِى Much indeed, or greatly indeed, did he hate me.]

1.1.2he charged, or made an assault, upon him in war or battle—شَدَّ عَلَيْهِ

maṣdar شَدٌّ and شُدُودٌ.

he made one charge, or assault, upon the enemy—شَدَّ عَلَى العَدُوِّ شَدَّةً وَاحِدَةً
he made many charges upon the enemy—شَدَّاتٍ كَثِيرَةً
he made an assault upon his adversary, with a knife, or with a staff—شَدَّ عَلَى قِرْنِهِ بِسِكِّينٍ

Also said as بِعَصًا, and as اشتدّ عَلَيْهِ.

the wolf attacked the sheep or goats—شَدَّ الذِّئْبُ عَلَى الغَنَمِ

In the phrase شَدُّوا الإِغَارَةَ the meaning is شَدُّوا لِلْإِغَارَةِ [They made a charge for the purpose of a sudden attack upon an enemy, or a predatory incursion]; and therefore الاغارة is put in the accusative case, not as an object.

1.1.3he ran—شَدَّ

and so اشتدّ.

many a run is in the sack—رُبَّ شَدٍّ فِى الكُرْزِ
he hastened, or was quick, in running—شَدَّ فِى العَدْوِ

A proverb, coming from the story of a man riding a pregnant mare who was pursued by an enemy; she cast her foal, which ran along with its mother, so the horseman got down and carried it off in a sack. The enemy overtook him and said, “Throw me the foal;” and he answered in these words, meaning that the foal was of generous race. It is applied to one whose inner qualities are praised. (Meyd.)

maṣdar شَدٌّ and اشتدّ; and شَدَّ الإِحْضَارَ means the same; see the article افر.

1.1.4the day became advanced, the sun being high—شَدَّ النَّهَارُ

in the K, النَّار is put by mistake for النَّهَار.

the morning became advanced, the sun being high—الضُّحَى
the day, and the morning, became advanced, the sun being high—اشتدّ

[See also شَدٌّ below.]

1.2figurative · مجازhe made it, or rendered it, hard, firm, or strong—شَدَّهُ

. The second is irregular: for a transitive verb of this class, of the measure فَعَلَ, the muḍāriʿ should be شَدُدَ only, and for an intransitive verb of the same class and measure it should be شَدِدَ. This is the only instance, or almost the only one, of its kind with both of these forms of muḍāriʿ, except عَلَّ [and بَتَّ] and نَمَّ الحَدِيثَ; but there is one transitive verb of the same class having the latter form only, namely حَبَّ.

. Used of substances and of attributes: he made it firm, compact, or sound; strong, powerful, or forcible; vigorous, robust, or sturdy; synonymous with أَحْكَمَهُ and قَوَّاهُ, as is شدّدهُ [maṣdar تَشْدِيدٌ], that is, as synonymous with احكمهُ and قوّاهُ. Also: he bound, or tied, him, or it, firmly, fast, or strongly, synonymous with أَوْثَقَهُ; and simply he tied, bound, or made fast him, or it, synonymous with رَبَطَهُ. See the article ربط.

he strengthened his fore arm—شَدَّ عَضُدَهُ
he strengthened him and aided him—شَدَّ عَلَى يَدِهِ
God strengthened his dominion—شَدَّ ٱللّٰهُ مُلْكَهُ
may God strengthen his dominion—شَدَّدَهُ

[See also a similar example under أَزْرٌ.]

he tied the knot fast, or pulled it tight—شَدَّ العُقْدَةَ
he tied the bond fast, or pulled it tight—الوَثَاقَ
he bound the saddle on the beast—شَدَّ الدَّابَّةَ

This occurs in the Qur'ān 47:4.

[See an example under دَلِيلٌ.]

the binding of the camels' saddles upon their backs—شَدُّ الرِّحَالِ

A metonymic phrase for going a journey.

the binding of the waist-wrapper upon the waist—شَدُّ المِئْزَرِ

This occurs in a tradition; it is a metonymic phrase for avoiding women, or for working vigorously and laboriously, or for both together.

I have no power to tighten nor to slacken—مَا أَمْلِكُ شَدًّا وَلَا إِرْخَآءً

Meaning: I am not able to do anything.

he pressed, compressed, or squeezed it; he pulled, or strained, it—شَدَّهُ
and set a seal on their hearts—وَٱشْدُدْ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ

In the Qur'ān 10:88, meaning so that they may not heed admonition, nor be directed to what is good.

Qur’ān 47:4 matched to Lane’s own quotation of it Lane cites “Kur xlvii. 4”
Qur’ān 47:4 Lane quotes this verse
فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ فَضَرْبَ ٱلرِّقَابِ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَآ أَثْخَنتُمُوهُمْ فَشُدُّوا۟ ٱلْوَثَاقَ فَإِمَّا مَنًّۢا بَعْدُ وَإِمَّا فِدَآءً حَتَّىٰ تَضَعَ ٱلْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ وَلَوْ يَشَآءُ ٱللَّهُ لَٱنتَصَرَ مِنْهُمْ وَلَـٰكِن لِّيَبْلُوَا۟ بَعْضَكُم بِبَعْضٍ ۗ وَٱلَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا۟ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ فَلَن يُضِلَّ أَعْمَـٰلَهُمْ

Therefore, when ye meet the Unbelievers (in fight), smite at their necks; At length, when ye have thoroughly subdued them, bind a bond firmly (on them): thereafter (is the time for) either generosity or ransom: Until the war lays down its burdens. Thus (are ye commanded): but if it had been Allah's Will, He could certainly have exacted retribution from them (Himself); but (He lets you fight) in order to test you, some with others. But those who are slain in the Way of Allah,- He will never let their deeds be lost.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

1.3

أَشَدُّ لَقَدْ كَانَ كَذَا, and also أَشَدُ without teshdeed, means أَشْهَدُ: a strange saying.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1 5 shown of 6
10:88
وَقَالَ مُوسَىٰ رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ ءَاتَيْتَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَمَلَأَهُۥ زِينَةً وَأَمْوَٰلًا فِى ٱلْحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا رَبَّنَا لِيُضِلُّوا۟ عَن سَبِيلِكَ ۖ رَبَّنَا ٱطْمِسْ عَلَىٰٓ أَمْوَٰلِهِمْ وَٱشْدُدْ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ فَلَا يُؤْمِنُوا۟ حَتَّىٰ يَرَوُا۟ ٱلْعَذَابَ ٱلْأَلِيمَ

Moses prayed: "Our Lord! Thou hast indeed bestowed on Pharaoh and his chiefs splendour and wealth in the life of the present, and so, Our Lord, they mislead (men) from Thy Path. Deface, our Lord, the features of their wealth, and send hardness to their hearts, so they will not believe until they see the grievous penalty."

20:31
ٱشْدُدْ بِهِۦٓ أَزْرِى

"Add to my strength through him,

28:35
قَالَ سَنَشُدُّ عَضُدَكَ بِأَخِيكَ وَنَجْعَلُ لَكُمَا سُلْطَـٰنًا فَلَا يَصِلُونَ إِلَيْكُمَا ۚ بِـَٔايَـٰتِنَآ أَنتُمَا وَمَنِ ٱتَّبَعَكُمَا ٱلْغَـٰلِبُونَ

He said: "We will certainly strengthen thy arm through thy brother, and invest you both with authority, so they shall not be able to touch you: with Our Sign shall ye triumph,- you two as well as those who follow you."

38:20
وَشَدَدْنَا مُلْكَهُۥ وَءَاتَيْنَـٰهُ ٱلْحِكْمَةَ وَفَصْلَ ٱلْخِطَابِ

We strengthened his kingdom, and gave him wisdom and sound judgment in speech and decision.

76:28
نَّحْنُ خَلَقْنَـٰهُمْ وَشَدَدْنَآ أَسْرَهُمْ ۖ وَإِذَا شِئْنَا بَدَّلْنَآ أَمْثَـٰلَهُمْ تَبْدِيلًا

It is We Who created them, and We have made their joints strong; but, when We will, We can substitute the like of them by a complete change.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
, as an intrans. verb, aor. شَدِدَ , inf. n. شِدَّةٌ : see 8; and see also شِدَّةٌ . [Hence,] لَشَدَّ مَا is an expression used in the same sense as لَعَزَّ مَا (A and K in art. عز ) and لَحَقَّ مَا : (A and TA in that art.:) [and in like manner without the ل : thus] one says, شَدَّ مَا أَنَّكَ ذَاهِبٌ , meaning حَقَّ أَنَّكَ ذَاهِبٌ [i. e. It is distressing, or it distresses me, that thou art going away]: and if you please, you may consider شَدَّ as similar to نِعْمَ ; as when you say, نِعْمَ العَمَلُ أَنَّكَ تَقُولُ الحَقَّ [Excellent, or most excellent, is the deed, thy saying the truth]. (Sb, TA.) [And it is also used to render intensive a verb following it; as in the saying, لَشَدَّ مَا أَبْغَضَنِى Much indeed, or greatly indeed, did he hate me.] شَدَّ عَلَيْهِ , aor. شَدَدَ (S, L) and شَدِدَ , (L,) inf. n. شَدٌّ (S, L) and شُدُودٌ , (L,) He charged, or made an assault or attack, upon him, in war, or battle. (S, L.) You say, شَدَّ عَلَى العَدُوِّ شَدَّةً وَاحِدَةً , and شَدَّاتٍ كَثِيرَةً , He made one charge, or assault, or attack, upon the enemy, and many charges, &c. (L.) And شَدَّ عَلَى قِرْنِهِ بِسِكِّينٍ , or بِعَصًا , He made an assault, or attack, upon his adversary, with a knife, or with a staff; as also اشتدّ عَلَيْهِ . (Mgh.) And شَدَّ الذِّئْبُ عَلَى الغَنَمِ The wolf asaulted, or attacked, the sheep or goats. (L.) In the phrase, شَدُّوا الإِغَارَةَ , the meaning is شَدُّوا لِلْإِغَارَةِ [They made a charge for the purpose of a sudden attack upon an enemy, or a predatory incursion]; and therefore الاغارة is put in the accus. case, not as an objective complement. (Ham p. 8.) شَدَّ , (S,) aor. شَدُدَ and شَدِدَ , (TK,) inf. n. شَدٌّ , (S, L, K,) also signifies He ran; (S, L, * K; *) and so اشتدّ . (S, L, K.) رُبَّ شَدٍّ فِى الكُرْزِ [Many a run is in the sack] is a prov., originating from the fact that a man riding a pregnant mare was pursued by an enemy, and she cast her foal, which ran with its mother, whereupon the horseman alighted, and carried it off in a sack; and the enemy overtook him, and said to him, “Throw to me the foal;” and he replied in these words, meaning that the foal was of generous race: it is applied to him whose internal, or intrinsic, qualities are commended. (Meyd.) And one says, شَدَّ فِى العَدْوِ , (A, Mgh, L,) inf. n. شَدٌّ ; (L;) and اشتدّ ; (A, Mgh, L;) He hastened, or was quick, in running: (Mgh, L:) and شَدَّ الإِحْضَارَ [meaning the same]. (S in art. افر .) شَدَّ النَّهَارُ , (S, L,) and الضُّحَى , (L,) inf. n. شَدٌّ ; (L, K; but in the latter, النَّار is erroneously put for النَّهَار ; TA;) and اشتدّ ; (L;) The day, and the morning, became advanced, the sun being high. (S, * L, K. *) [See also شَدٌّ below.] شَدَّهُ , aor. شَدُدَ (S, A, L, Msb) and شَدِدَ , the latter anomalous, for the aor. of a trans. verb of this class, of the measure فَعَلَ , should be شَدُدَ only, and that of an intrans. verb of the same class and measure should be شَدِدَ , and this is the only instance, or almost the only one, of its kind, with both of these forms of aor., except عَلَّ [and بَتَّ ] and نَمَّ الحَدِيثَ , but there is one trans. verb of the same class having the latter form of aor. only, namely, حَبَّ , (Fr, S, L,) inf. n. شَدٌّ , (L, Msb, K,) He made it, or rendered it, hard; used in relation to substances and attributes: (L:) he made, or rendered, it, or him, firm, compact, or sound; and strong, powerful, or forcible; vigorous, robust, or sturdy; syn. أَحْكَمَهُ , (L,) and قَوَّاهُ ; (S, A, L, K; *) as also شدّدهُ , [inf. n. تَشْدِيدٌ ,] i. e. as syn. with احكمهُ (L) and قوّاهُ : (S, A, L:) he bound, or tied, him, or it, firmly, fast, or strongly; syn. أَوْثَقَهُ : [which may also be meant to convey the signification immediately preceding this last:] (S, L, Msb, K:) and [simply] he tied, bound, or made fast, him, or it; syn. رَبَطَهُ . (S and Msb and K &c. in art. ربط .) One says, شَدَّ عَضُدَهُ i. e. He strengthened [his fore arm, or perhaps his upper arm, but the former is app. here meant]. (S, L.) And شَدَّ عَلَى يَدِهِ He strengthened him, [lit. his arm, or hand,] and aided him. (L.) And شَدَّ ٱللّٰهُ مُلْكَهُ , and شَدَّدَهُ , God strengthened, or may God strengthen, his dominion. (S, L. [See also a similar ex. voce أَزْرٌ .]) And شَدَّ العُقْدَةَ [He tied firmly or fast or strongly, or he pulled tight, or tightened, the knot], (A, Mgh, Msb,) and الوَثَاقَ [the bond]. (Kur xlvii. 4.) [And شَدَّ الدَّابَّةَ He bound the saddle on the beast: see an ex. voce دَلِيلٌ .] شَدُّ الرِّحَالِ [lit. The binding of the camels' saddles upon their backs] is a metonymical phrase for the going a journey. (Mgh, Msb.) And شَدُّ المِئْزَرِ , occurring in a trad., [lit. The binding of the waist-wrapper upon the waist] is a metonymical phrase for the avoiding of women: or the exerting oneself, or employing oneself vigorously or laboriously, in work: or for both of these together. (L.) مَا أَمْلِكُ شَدًّا وَلَا إِرْخَآءً [lit. I possess not power to tighten nor to slacken] means I am not able to do anything. (TA.) [And شَدَّهُ also signifies He pressed, compressed, or squeezed, it: and he pulled, or strained, it.] وَٱشْدُدْ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ , in the Kur [x. 88], means And put Thou a seal upon their hearts, so that they may not heed admonition, nor be disposed, or directed, to that which is good. (L.) أَشَدُّ لَقَدْ كَانَ كَذَا , as also أَشَدُ without teshdeed, means أَشْهَدُ [q. v.]: (K:) a strange saying. (TA.)
Form 2شَدَّدَ4 senses · 1 main
maṣdarتَشْدِيدٌ

Core sense — he made it hard to bear, violent, or severe; he treated him harshlygenerated

2.1

See the preceding entry, second half, in two places.

2.1.1he made it hard to bear, heavy, violent, intense, severe, or excessive; he intensified it—شدّدهُ

Said of a beating and of anything else.; تَشْدِيدٌ is the opposite of تَخْفِيفٌ, in this sense and in the senses that follow.

he pressed hard upon him; he treated him with hardness, strictness, or severity—شدّد عَلَيْهِ

The object being understood. This is the opposite of خَفَّفَ, that is, of خَفَّفَ عَنْهُ; it also means he made his burden, suffering, or distress hard to bear, heavy, violent, intense, or severe.

whoever treats others hardly, God will treat him hardly—مَنْ شَدَّدَ شَدَّدَ ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ
2.1.2

تَشْدِيدٌ, as opposed to تَخْفِيفٌ, also means the marking of a letter with a lengthened pronunciation equivalent, in grammatical analysis and in prosody, to doubling; in writing it is shown by the sign called شَدَّة, that is, by the sign ّ over the letter; and so also تَثْقِيلٌ.

2.1.3

See also سَدَّدَهُ.

Show Lane's original text
see the preceding paragraph, latter half, in two places. شدّدهُ , inf. n. تَشْدِيدٌ , also signifies He made it, or rendered it, namely, a beating, and anything, hard to be borne, heavy, vehement, violent, intense, severe, strict, rigorous, or excessive; he intensified it, or aggravated it: (L:) تَشْدِيدٌ is the contr. of تَخْفِيفٌ [in this sense and in other senses here following]. (S.) [Hence, the objective complement being understood,] one says, شدّد عَلَيْهِ , (A, Msb,) which is the contr. of خَفَّفَ [i. e. of خَفَّفَ عَنْهُ ; thus meaning He rendered his burden, suffering, distress, uneasiness, or the like, hard to be borne, heavy, vehement, violent, intense, severe, strict, rigorous, or excessive; intensified it, or aggravated it; or he pressed hard upon him; treated him with hardness, strictness, severity, or rigour]: (Msb:) and مَنْ شَدَّدَ شَدَّدَ ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ [Whoso treateth others hardly, God will treat him hardly]. (A. [See also 8.]) [ تَشْدِيدٌ , as opposed to تَخْفِيفٌ , also signifies The characterizing of a letter by a lengthened pronunciation equivalent in grammatical analysis and in prosody to doubling, denoted in writing by the sign called شَدَّة , i. e. by the sign ّ over that letter; as also تَثْقِيلٌ .] See also سَدَّدَهُ .
Form 3شادّهُ2 senses · 1 main
maṣdarمُشَادَّةٌ

Core sense — he vied with him, contended with him for superiority in strengthgenerated

3.1whoever contends with this religion for superiority in strength, it will overcome him—مَنْ يُشَادِدِ الدِّينَ يَغْلِبْهُ

He vied with him, contended with him for superiority, or strove to surpass him, in strength, power, or force; maṣdar مُشَادَّةٌ and شِدَادٌ.

Also given as مَنْ يُشَادَّ هٰذَا الدِّينَ بِغْلِبْهُ. A tradition: whoever contends with the religion in strength, withstands or opposes it, and tasks himself with religious service beyond his power, the religion will overcome him.

no one will contend with religion for superiority in strength but the religion will overcome him—لَنْ يُشَادَّ الدِّينَ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا غُلِبَ
3.1.1

See also 5.

Show Lane's original text
, (A, L,) inf. n. مُشَادَّةٌ and شِدَادٌ , (L,) He vied with him, contended with him for superiority, or strove to surpass him, in strength, power, or force. (A, L.) [Hence,] مَنْ يُشَادِدِ الدِّينَ يَغْلِبْهُ , (A,) or مَنْ يُشَادَّ هٰذَا الدِّينَ بِغْلِبْهُ , i. e. Whoso contendeth for superiority in strength with this religion, and withstandeth it, or opposeth it, and tasketh himself with religious service beyond his power, it (the religion) will overcome him: a trad. (L.) And لَنْ يُشَادَّ الدِّينَ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا غُلِبَ No one shall contend for superiority in strength with religion, &c. but he will be overcome by the religion. (K, * TA.) See also 5.
Form 4اشدّ2 senses
maṣdarإِشْدَادٌ

Core sense — he had a strong beast, or strong beastsgenerated

4.1

He, said of a man, or they, said of a company of men, had, or had with him or them, a strong beast, or strong beasts.

4.2how hard, how violent, how intense, or how great, is such a thing!—مَا أَشَدَّ كَذَا
Show Lane's original text
, (S, A, L, K,) inf. n. إِشْدَادٌ , (K,) He, (a man, S, L, K, *) or they, (a company of men, A, L,) had, (A, L,) or had with him, (S, L, K,) [or had with them,] a strong beast, (S, L, K,) or strong beasts. (A, L.) [ مَا أَشَدَّ كَذَا How hard, hard to be borne, vehement, violent, intense, or the like, or how great, is such a thing!]
Form 5تشدّد3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — he exerted himself, strained himself; he was hard or difficult; he was niggardlygenerated

5.1he showed hardness, or vigour, in the thing—المُشَادَّةُ فِى الشَّىْءِ

He acted, or behaved, with forced hardness, firmness, strength, vigour, hardiness, courage, severity, or rigour; he exerted his strength or energy; he strained himself, or tasked himself severely. Synonymous with تَصَلَّبَ and جَهَدَ نَفْسَهُ [فِى الشَّىْءِ in the thing; also شَادَّ فِيهِ].

التَّشَدُّدُ فِيهِ means the same, and both phrases mean the showing of hardness, and the like, in the thing. [See an example of تشدّد in the first paragraph of the article جلد.]

he applied himself to the affair with hardness, vigour, or severity—تشدّد لِلْأَمْرِ
the slave songstress strained herself in raising her voice in singing—تَشَدَّدَتِ القَيْنَةُ
5.1.1we asked such a one for something we needed, and he was hard, or difficult, to us—سَأَلْنَا فُلَانًا حَاجَةً فَتَشَدَّدَ عَلَيْنَا

Said of a man: he was, or became, hard, or difficult.

See the article وعر.

5.1.2

He was, or became, niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious.

Show Lane's original text
He acted, or behaved, with forced hardness, firmness, strength, vigour, hardiness, courage, vehemence, severity, strictness, or rigour; he exerted his strength, force, or energy; strained, or strained himself, or tasked himself severely; syn. تَصَلَّبَ ; (A and TA in art. صلب ;) and جَهَدَ نَفْسَهُ ; (L;) [ فِى الشَّىْءِ in the thing; as also شَادَّ فِيهِ ; for] المُشَادَّةُ فِى الشَّىْءِ and التَّشَدُّدُ فِيهِ signify the same: (S, L, K: * [see an ex. of تشدّد in the first paragraph of art. جلد :]) [and] both of these phrases signify the showing hardness, &c., in the thing. (PS.) You say also تشدّد لِلْأَمْرِ He applied himself with hardness, firmness, vigour, hardiness, severity, or rigour, to the affair. (MA.) And تَشَدَّدَتِ القَيْنَةُ The slavesongstress strained herself, or tasked herself severely, in raising her voice in singing. (L.) Also He (a man) was, or became, hard, or difficult: you say, سَأَلْنَا فُلَانًا حَاجَةً فَتَشَدَّدَ عَلَيْنَا [We asked of such a one a thing wanted, and he was hard, or difficult, to us]. (TA in art. وعر .) And He was, or became, niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious. (MA, KL.)
Form 6تشادّوا2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — they contended with one another for superiority in strengthgenerated

6.1

They vied with one another, contended for superiority, or strove to surpass one another, in strength, power, or force: see 3.

See the article حمس, where it is coupled with اِقْتَتَلُوا.

6.1.1

See also the next entry.

Show Lane's original text
[They vied, contended for superiority, or strove to surpass one another, in strength, power, or force: see 3]. (TA in art. حمس : there coupled with اِقْتَتَلُوا .) See also the next paragraph.
Form 8اشتدّ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — it became hard, firm, or strong; it became violent, or severegenerated

8.1it was, or became, hard, said of a substance and of an attribute—شَدَّ

Muḍāriʿ شَدِدَ, the only form of its muḍāriʿ; maṣdar شِدَّةٌ, from which the former verb comes; and تشادّ means the same.

you shall not sell grain until it becomes hard, or firm, or strong—لَا تَبِيعُوا الحَبَّ حَتَّى يَشْتَدَّ
the knot became tied fast, or became tight—اشتدّت العُقْدَةُ
the time, or fortune, became hard upon them—اشتدّ الزَّمَنُ عَلَيْهِمْ
the affair, or event, distressed, or afflicted, him—اشتدّ بِهِ الأَمْرُ

It also means: it, or he, was, or became, firm, compact, or sound; strong, powerful, or forcible; vigorous, robust, or sturdy; also it was, or became, bound, or tied, firmly, fast, or strongly. The first of these verbs, and the second also, means it was, or became, hard to bear, heavy, violent, intense, pressing, severe, strict, rigorous, tight, difficult, distressing, afflictive, calamitous, or adverse.

Said in a tradition.

Or severe, rigorous, distressful, afflictive, calamitous, or adverse to them.

Like اشتدّ عَلَيْهِ. See the article جد.

8.1.1

See also 1, first half, in four places.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 8
14:18
مَّثَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ بِرَبِّهِمْ ۖ أَعْمَـٰلُهُمْ كَرَمَادٍ ٱشْتَدَّتْ بِهِ ٱلرِّيحُ فِى يَوْمٍ عَاصِفٍ ۖ لَّا يَقْدِرُونَ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا۟ عَلَىٰ شَىْءٍ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ ٱلضَّلَـٰلُ ٱلْبَعِيدُ

The parable of those who reject their Lord is that their works are as ashes, on which the wind blows furiously on a tempestuous day: No power have they over aught that they have earned: that is the straying far, far (from the goal).

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
; (S, A, L, Msb;) and شَدَّ , aor شَدِدَ , (L, Msb,) the only form of its aor., (L,) inf. n. شِدَّةٌ , (S, Msb,) whence the former verb; (S;) and تشادّ ; (L;) It was, or became, hard, (L, and MA and KL and PS in explanation of the first,) said of a substance and of an attribute: (L:) it, or he, was, or became, firm, compact, or sound; (L &c. as above;) strong, powerful, or forcible; vigorous, robust, or sturdy; (L, and A and MA and KL in explanation of the first, and Msb in explanation of the second:) [also it was, or became, bound, or tied, firmly, fast, or strongly:] and the first of these verbs, [and the second also,] it was, or became, hard to be borne, heavy, vehement, violent, intense, pressing, severe, strict, rigorous, tight, strait or difficult, distressing or distressful, afflictive, calamitous, or adverse. (MA, L, KL.) It is said in a trad., لَا تَبِيعُوا الحَبَّ حَتَّى يَشْتَدَّ i. e. [Ye shall not sell grain] until it becomes hard, or firm, or strong. (L.) And you say, اشتدّت العُقْدَةُ [The knot became tied firmly, fast, or strongly; or became tight]. (A, Mgh, Msb.) And اشتدّ الزَّمَنُ عَلَيْهِمْ The time, or fortune, became hard upon them; or severe, rigorous, distressful, afflictive, calamitous, or adverse, to them. (L. [See also 2.]) And اشتدّ بِهِ الأَمْرُ [The affair, or event, distressed, or afflicted, him; like اشتدّ عَلَيْهِ ]. (L in art. جد , &c.) See also 1, former half, in four places.

Derived nouns 11

Nounشَدٌّ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a binding, or tying, fast; the time when the day is well advancedgenerated

1

A maṣdar of form 1.

1.1the time when the day is advanced, the sun being high—شَدُّ النَّهَارِ
the time when the morning is advanced, the sun being high—شَدُّ الضُّحَى
I came to you when the day, and the morning, was advanced, the sun being high—جِئْتُكَ شَدَّ النَّهَارِ

Also said as شَدَّ الضُّحَى, فِى شَدِّ النَّهَارِ and فِى شَدِّ الضُّحَى.

Show Lane's original text
an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (S, L, &c.) [Hence,] شَدُّ النَّهَارِ , and شَدُّ الضُّحَى , The time when the day, and the morning, is advanced, the sun being high. (L.) One says, جِئْتُكَ شَدَّ النَّهَارِ , and شَدَّ الضُّحَى , (L, and the like is said in the A,) and فِى شَدِّ النَّهَارِ , and فِى شَدِّ الضُّحَى , (L,) I came to thee in the time when the day, and the morning, was advanced, the sun being high. (A, * L.)
Nounشَدَّةٌ3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — a single act of binding fast; a single charge in battlegenerated

1

As the ism waḥda of the maṣdar of شَدَّهُ: a single act of making, or rendering, hard, firm, compact, or sound, strong, powerful, or forcible; and of binding, or tying, firmly, fast, or strongly.

1.1

See also 2, the last sentence but one.

2

Also, as the ism waḥda of the maṣdar of the intransitive verb شَدَّ: a single charge, or assault, or attack, in war or battle.

Show Lane's original text
[inf. n. of un. of شَدَّهُ : as such signifying] A single act [of making, or rendering, hard, firm, compact, or sound; strong, powerful, or forcible: and] of binding, or tying, firmly, fast, or strongly. (Msb.) See also 2, last sentence but one. Also [inf. n. of un. of the intrans. verb شَدَّ : as such signifying] A single charge or assault or attack in war or battle. (S, A, * Mgh, L, K. *)
Nounشِدَّةٌ1 sense

Core sense — hardness, strength; violence, severity; hardship, distressgenerated

1I endured hardness, or hardship, from him—قَاسَيْتُ مِنْهُ شِدَّةً

The maṣdar of شَدَّ as synonymous with اِشْتَدَّ, and a noun from اِشْتِدَادٌ: the quality denoted by the adjective شَدِيدٌ — hardness, in substances and in attributes; firmness, compactness, or soundness; strength, power, or force; vigour, robustness, sturdiness, or hardiness.

See أَشُدٌّ, which according to some is a plural of شِدَّةٌ.

Also courage, bravery, firmness of heart; niggardliness, tenaciousness, or avarice (see also 5, last sentence); violence, intenseness, stress, pressure, severity, strictness, rigour, tightness, straitness or difficulty; hardship, harshness of fortune; famine, dearth, want of food; hardness or difficulty of subsistence; trouble, distress, affliction, calamity, or adversity.

شُدَّى is used in these senses as well as in some of the preceding ones, and so is شَدِيدَةٌ [which rather means a hard, or distressing, event, an affliction, or a calamity, and is rarely used].

The plural of this, or of شِدَّةٌ, is شَدَائِدُ, which is regular if it belongs to شَدِيدَةٌ but irregular if to شِدَّةٌ; and this plural also means seditions, discords, or dissensions that throw men into commotion, and the pangs of death. See the article غمر.

According to Sb, the plural of شِدَّةٌ is شِدَدٌ, which, he says, keeps its original form [without idghám] because it does not resemble a verb.

I feared the hardness of such a one—خفْتُ شُدَّى فُلَانٍ

That is, شِدَّتَهُ: so says AZ, who cites this verse:

shāhid
فَإِنِّى لَا أَلِينُ لِقَوْلِ شُدَّىوَلَوْ كَانَتْ أَشَدَّ مِنَ الحَدِيدِ

[And I will not become gentle for a hard saying — literally, a saying of hardness — though it should be harder than iron].

hardship befell me—شُدَّى أَصَابَتْنِى

That is, شِدَّةٌ.

[شِدَّةٌ also means a strong, an intense, or a great, degree of any quality.]

Show Lane's original text
inf. n. of شَدَّ (L, Msb) as syn. with اِشْتَدَّ : (L:) [and] a subst. from [i. e. syn. with] اِشْتِدَادٌ : (K:) The attribute denoted by the epithet شَدِيدٌ : (S:) hardness, (A, MA, L,) in substances and in attributes; (L;) firmness, compactness, or soundness; strength, power, or force; vigour, robustness, sturdiness, or hardiness; (MA, L; see أَشُدٌّ , which, accord. to some, is a pl. of شِدَّةٌ ;) courage, bravery, firmness of heart: (L:) niggardliness, tenaciousness, or avarice: (A: [see also 5, last sentence:]) vehemence, violence, intenseness, stress, pressure, severity, strictness, rigour, tightness, straitness or difficulty: (MA:) hardship, rigour of fortune: (MA, L:) famine, dearth, want of victuals; hardness, straitness, or difficulty, of subsistence [&c.]: (L:) trouble, distress, affliction, calamity, or adversity; (MA, L;) as also [ شُدَّى , in these as well as in some of the preceding senses, and] شَدِيدَةٌ , [rather meaning a hard, or distressing, event, an affliction, or a calamity, and rarely used,] of which, (L,) or of شِدَّةٌ , (MA, L,) the pl. is شَدَائِدُ , (MA, L,) agreeably with analogy if of شَدِيدَةٌ , but extr. if of شِدَّةٌ : and this pl. also signifies seditions, discords, or dissensions, whereby men are put into a state of commotion: (L:) and the rigours, or pangs, ( غَمَرَات ,) of death: (S and Msb in art. غمر :) accord. to Sb, the pl of شِدَّةٌ is شِدَدٌ , which, he says, preserves its original form [without idghám] because it does not resemble a verb. (L.) One says, قَاسَيْتُ مِنْهُ شِدَّةً [I endured, from him, hardness, &c.; or from it, hardship, &c.]. (A.) And خفْتُ شُدَّى فُلَانٍ meaning شِدَّتَهُ [i. e. I feared the hardness, &c., of such a one]: so says AZ: and he cites this verse: 1 [And, or for, I will not become gentle for a hard saying, (lit. a saying of hardness,) though it should be harder than iron]. (L.) And شُدَّى أَصَابَتْنِى meaning شِدَّةٌ [i. e. Hardship, &c., befell me]. (AZ, S.) [And شِدَّةٌ also signifies A strong, an intense, or a great, degree of any quality &c.] فَإِنِّى لَا أَلِينُ لِقَوْلِ شُدَّى | وَلَوْ كَانَتْ أَشَدَّ مِنَ الحَدِيدِ
Nounشُدَّى1 sense

Core sense — hardness; a hard or distressing event, hardshipgenerated

1

See the preceding entry, in four places.

Show Lane's original text
: see the next preceding paragraph, in four places.
Nounشَدِيدٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — hard, firm, strong; violent, severe; niggardlygenerated

1he is hard, or severe, or rigorous, to his people—هُوَ شَدِيدٌ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ

Having the quality of شِدَّة, that is, hard, applied to a substance and to an attribute; firm, compact, or sound; strong, powerful, or forceful; vigorous, robust, sturdy, or hardy, applied to a thing and to a man; and so also شَدِيدُ القُوَى.

Plural, applied to men, أَشِدَّآءُ; and, applied to things and men, شِدَادٌ and شُدُدٌ, the last of which keeps its original form because it does not resemble a verb.

Also courageous, brave, firm of heart; and niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious, as is مُتَشَدِّدٌ; and, as frequent usage shows, violent, intense, pressing, severe, strict, rigorous, tight, difficult, hard to bear, troublesome, distressing, afflictive, calamitous, or adverse.

niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious, of such a thing—شَدِيدٌ عَلَى كَذَا

Aboo-Dhu-eyb says, using شَدِيد in the sense of شَحِيح:

shāhid
حَدَرْنَاهُ بِالأَثْوَابِ فِى قَعْرِ هُوَّةٍشَدِيدٍ عَلَى مَا ضُمَّ فِى اللَّحْدِ جُولُهَا

[We lowered him, with the grave-clothes, into the bottom of a cavity in the ground, its sides tenacious of what was held in the lateral hollow which was the place of the corpse].

and truly, for the love of wealth, he is niggardly, or tenacious—وَإِنَّهُ لِحُبِّ الخَيْرِ لَشَدِيدٌ
whom sleep does not overcome—شَدِيدُ العَيْنِ

The words of the Qur'ān 100:8; so according to Zj.

Applied to a man; and شَدِيْدَةُ جَفْنِ العَيْنِ, applied figuratively by a poet to a she-camel, means the same.

the lion—الشَّدِيدُ

So called because of his strength and hardiness.

شَدِيد, followed by a noun or a maṣdar in the genitive, the latter having the article ال prefixed to it or itself prefixed to another noun in the genitive, takes the place of an intensive adjective.

intensely, or very, black—شَدِيدُ السَّوَادِ
violently, or exceedingly, angry—شَدِيدُ الغَضَبِ
strong-smelling musk—مِسْكٌ شَدِيدُ الرَّائِحَةِ
a man intensely white in the eye—رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ العَيْنِ
1.1the strong letters—الحُرُوفُ الشَّدِيدَةُ

Those letters which, when sākin, stop the flow of the voice in their utterance: أ, ب, ت, ج, د, ط, ق and ك — the letters contained in the words أَجَدْتَ طَبَقَكَ.

Qur’ānic occurrences شَدِيد 2 shown of 56
53:5
عَلَّمَهُۥ شَدِيدُ ٱلْقُوَىٰ

He was taught by one Mighty in Power,

85:12
إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ

Truly strong is the Grip (and Power) of thy Lord.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
Possessing the quality of شِدَّة : (S, L:) i. e. hard; applied to a substance and to an attribute: firm, compact, or sound: (L:) strong, powerful, forceful; vigorous, robust, sturdy, or hardy; (A, Mgh, L, Msb;) applied to a thing, (Msb,) and to a man; (A, Mgh, L;) as also شَدِيدُ القُوَى : (Mgh:) pl., applied to men, أَشِدَّآءُ and [applied to things and men] شِدَادٌ (A, L) and شُدُدٌ , (Sb, L,) which last preserves its original form [without idghám] because not resembling a verb: (L:) also courageous, brave, firm of heart: (L, K: *) and niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious; (A, L, Msb, K;) as also مُتَشَدِّدٌ : (S, A, L, K:) and [as is implied by the first explanation above, and shown by frequent usage,] vehement, violent, intense, pressing, severe, strict, rigorous, tight, strait or difficult, hard as meaning hard to be borne, troublesome, distressing or distressful, afflictive, calamitous, or adverse. (L, KL, PS, &c.) You say, هُوَ شَدِيدٌ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ [He is hard, or severe, or rigorous, to his people]. (A.) [And شَدِيدٌ عَلَى كَذَا Niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious, of such a thing.] Aboo-Dhu-eyb says, using شَدِيد in the sense of شَحِيح , 1 [We lowered him, with the grave-clothes, into the bottom of a cavity in the ground, the sides whereof were tenacious of what was comprised in the lateral hollow which was the place of the corpse]. (L.) And the words of the Kur [c. 8], وَإِنَّهُ لِحُبِّ الخَيْرِ لَشَدِيدٌ , accord. to Zj, mean And verily, on account of the love of wealth, he is niggardly, or tenacious, or avaricious. (L.) شَدِيدُ العَيْنِ applied to a man, and شَدِيْدَةُ جَفْنِ العَيْنِ metaphorically applied by a poet to a she-camel, mean Whom sleep does not overcome. (L.) And الشَّدِيدُ means The lion; (K;) because of his strength and hardiness. (TA.) [ شَدِيد with a subst. or an inf. n. following it in the gen. case, the latter having the article ال prefixed to it, or being prefixed to another noun in the gen. case, supplies the place of an intensive epithet; as in شَدِيدُ السَّوَادِ Intensely, or very, black; and شَدِيدُ الغَضَبِ Vehemently, or exceedingly, or very, angry; and] مِسْكٌ شَدِيدُ الرَّائِحَةِ Strong-smelling musk; (L;) [and رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ العَيْنِ A man intensely white in the eye.] حَدَرْنَاهُ بِالأَثْوَابِ فِى قَعْرِ هُوَّةٍ | شَدِيدٍ عَلَى مَا ضُمَّ فِى اللَّحْدِ جُولُهَا الحُرُوفُ الشَّدِيدَةُ [The strong letters] are those letters which, in a state of quiescence, prevent the current of the voice in their utterance; namely أ , ب , ت , ج , د , ط , ق , and ك ; (TA;) the letters comprised in the words أَجَدْتَ طَبَقَكَ . (K.)
Nounشَدِيدَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a hard, or distressing, thing; a hardshipgenerated

1

A noun from شَدِيدٌ, made such by the ending ة: see شِدَّةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
[as a subst. from شَدِيدٌ , rendered such by the affix ة ]: see شِدَّةٌ .
Nounأَشَدُّ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — more, and most, hard, severe, or intensegenerated

1the hardest part of it has remained—بَقِىَ أَشَدُّهُ

Having the quality of شِدَّة in a greater, and in the greatest, degree; that is, more, and most, hard, and the like.

See an example in a verse cited under شِدَّةٌ.

حَلَبْتَ بِالسَّاعِدِ الأَشَدِّ, or حَلَبْتُهَا الخ, is a proverb, explained in the article حلب.

Another proverb, applied to one who gets part of what he wants and is unable to get the rest. See also Freytag's “Arab. Prov.,” 1:169.

more, and most, black—أَشَدُّ سَوَادًا
more, and most, angry—أَشَدُّ غَضَبًا

on this sense With an indefinite noun or maṣdar following it in the accusative case, it takes the place of a simple adjective in the comparative and superlative degrees.

1.1the time when the day is most advanced, the sun being at its highest—أَشَدُّ النَّهَارِ

[See شَدُّ النَّهَارِ.]

Show Lane's original text
[Possessing the quality of شِدَّة , in a greater, and in the greatest, degree; i. e. more, and most, hard, &c.]. See an ex. in a verse cited voce شِدَّةٌ . حَلَبْتَ بِالسَّاعِدِ الأَشَدِّ , or حَلَبْتُهَا الخ , is a prov., expl. in art. حلب . And بَقِىَ أَشَدُّهُ . [The hardest part of it has remained] is another prov., applied to him who attains a part of that which he wants, and is unable to attain the completion thereof. (TA. [See also Freytag's “ Arab. Prov., ” i. 169.]) [With an indeterminate subst. or inf. n. following it in the accus. case, it supplies the place of a simple epithet denoting the comparative and superlative degrees; as in أَشَدُّ سَوَادًا More, and most, black; and أَشَدُّ غَضَبًا More, and most, angry.] أَشَدُّ النَّهَارِ The time when the day is most advanced, the sun being at the highest. (L. [See شَدُّ النَّهَارِ .])
Nounأَشُدٌّ1 sense

Core sense — the state of full strength, maturity of yearsgenerated

1the state of strength—أَشُدّ

Also pronounced أُشُدٌّ (Seer), but that form is rare; it is both masculine and feminine, and as used in the Qur'ān it has somewhat different meanings.

In the phrase حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ أَشُدَّهُ and in other phrases in the Qur'ān.

This is from eighteen to thirty years; or from about seventeen to forty; or from thirty to forty (Zj, in another place); or puberty; or firmness, or soundness, of judgment produced by experience; or puberty together with such maturity as gives evidence of right conduct or course of life, which may be at, or before, the age of eighteen years, according to most of the men of science, among them Esh-Sháfi'ee, its furthest limit being thirty-three years; or the age of forty years, as in the Qur'ān 46:14.

أَشُدٌّ [originally أَشْدُدٌ] is a singular with a plural form, like آنُكٌ, and these two words are said to be the only instances of the kind [but see آنُكٌ]; or it is a plural with no proper singular, like آسَالٌ, أَبَابِيلُ, عَبَادِيدُ and مَذَاكِيرُ.

Or its singular is شِدَّةٌ, according to Sb; and this is good as regards the meaning, because one says بَلَغَ الغُلَامُ شِدَّتَهُ; but فِعْلَةٌ does not form a plural of the measure أَفْعُلٌ.

As for أَنْعُمٌ, which AHeyth says is a plural of نِعْمَةٌ — and about which Mtr says that أَشُدٌّ is said to be a plural of شِدَّةٌ, as أَنْعُمٌ is of نِعْمَةٌ, formed by treating the ة as elided — it is only a plural of نُعْمٌ in the phrase يَوْمُ نُعْمٍ.

Or its singular is شَدٌّ, as كَلْبٌ is of أَكْلُبٌ; or شِدٌّ, as ذِئْبٌ is of أَذْؤُبٌ, according to some; but neither شَدٌّ nor شِدٌّ has been heard from the Arabs [as a singular of أَشُدٌّ], and they are only worked out from analogy; or it is a plural of أَشَدُّ, the أ not being taken into account in forming this plural. (IJ, from A 'Obeyd.)

Qur’ān 46:15 approximate — somewhere between 46:4 and 46:22 Lane cites “Kur xlvi. 14”
Qur’ān 46:15 the verse Lane’s citation points to, and it uses this root
وَوَصَّيْنَا ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ بِوَٰلِدَيْهِ إِحْسَـٰنًا ۖ حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُۥ كُرْهًا وَوَضَعَتْهُ كُرْهًا ۖ وَحَمْلُهُۥ وَفِصَـٰلُهُۥ ثَلَـٰثُونَ شَهْرًا ۚ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُۥ وَبَلَغَ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً قَالَ رَبِّ أَوْزِعْنِىٓ أَنْ أَشْكُرَ نِعْمَتَكَ ٱلَّتِىٓ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَىَّ وَعَلَىٰ وَٰلِدَىَّ وَأَنْ أَعْمَلَ صَـٰلِحًا تَرْضَىٰهُ وَأَصْلِحْ لِى فِى ذُرِّيَّتِىٓ ۖ إِنِّى تُبْتُ إِلَيْكَ وَإِنِّى مِنَ ٱلْمُسْلِمِينَ

We have enjoined on man kindness to his parents: In pain did his mother bear him, and in pain did she give him birth. The carrying of the (child) to his weaning is (a period of) thirty months. At length, when he reaches the age of full strength and attains forty years, he says, "O my Lord! Grant me that I may be grateful for Thy favour which Thou has bestowed upon me, and upon both my parents, and that I may work righteousness such as Thou mayest approve; and be gracious to me in my issue. Truly have I turned to Thee and truly do I bow (to Thee) in Islam."Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

Qur’ānic occurrences أَشُدّ 1 shown of 8
12:22
وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُۥٓ ءَاتَيْنَـٰهُ حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا ۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِى ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ

When Joseph attained His full manhood, We gave him power and knowledge: thus do We reward those who do right.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
, (S, A, Mgh, L, K, &c.,) also pronounced أُشُدٌّ , (Seer, K,) but the latter form is rare, (TA,) is both masc. and fem., (Zj, TA,) and as used in the Kur it has somewhat different meanings: (Az, TA:) in the phrase حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ أَشُدَّهُ , (S, K,) and other phrases in the Kur, (TA,) أَشُدّ is expl. as meaning The state of strength; (S, Mgh, L, K;) which is from eighteen to thirty years: (S, L, K:) or from about seventeen to forty: (Zj:) or from thirty to forty: (Zj in another place:) or puberty: (Az, Mgh, L:) or firmness, or soundness, of judgment, produced by experience: (L:) or puberty together with such maturity as gives evidence of rectitude of conduct or course of life; (Zj, Az, Mgh, L;) which may be at, or before, the age of eighteen years; accord. to most of the men of science, and among them Esh-Sháfi'ee; (Zj, Az, L;) and the extreme term of which is three and thirty years: (Mgh:) or the age of forty years; as in the Kur xlvi. 14: (L:) أَشُدٌّ [originally أَشْدُدٌ ] is a sing. having a pl. form, like آنُكٌ ; and these two words are [said to be] the only instances of the kind: (S, K: [but see آنُكٌ :]) or a pl. having no proper sing., (S, Mgh, K,) like آسَالٌ and أَبَابِيلُ and عَبَادِيدُ and مَذَاكِيرُ : (S:) or its sing. is شِدَّةٌ , (AHeyth, S, Mgh, K,) accord. to Sb; and this is good with respect to the meaning, because one says, بَلَغَ الغُلَامُ شِدَّتَهُ ; (S;) but فِعْلَةٌ does not form a pl. of the measure أَفْعُلٌ ; (S, K;) for as to أَنْعُمٌ , (S,) which is said by AHeyth to be pl. of نِعْمَةٌ , (TA,) [and respecting which Mtr says that] أَشُدٌّ is said to be pl. of شِدَّةٌ like as أَنْعُمٌ is of نِعْمَةٌ , formed by regarding the ة as elided, (Mgh, [and AHeyth says the like,]) it is only pl. of نُعْمٌ in the phrase يَوْمُ نُعْمٍ : (S:) or its sing. is شَدٌّ , like as كَلْبٌ is of أَكْلُبٌ ; or شِدٌّ , like as ذِئْبٌ is of أَذْؤُبٌ ; (S, K;) accord. to some; (S;) but neither شَدٌّ nor شِدٌّ has been heard from the Arabs [as sing. of أَشُدٌّ ]; and they are only deduced from analogy: (S, K:) or it is pl. of أَشَدُّ ; and the أ is not regarded in the formation of this pl. (IJ, from A 'Obeyd.)
Nounمَشَدُّ العِصَابَةِ1 sense

Core sense — the place where the fillet, or the like, is tiedgenerated

1

The place, or part, where the fillet, or the like, is bound, or tied.

Show Lane's original text
[The place, or part, where the fillet, or the like, is bound, or tied]. (A.)
Nounمُشِدٌّ1 sense

Core sense — one who has a strong beast, or strong beastsgenerated

1he among them who has a strong beast shall give back a share of the spoil to him who has a weak one—يَرُدُّ مُشِدُّهُمْ عَلَى مُضْعِفِهِمْ

A man having, or having with him, a strong beast, or strong beasts; the opposite of مُضْعِفٌ.

Said in a tradition; meaning that the strong warrior and plunderer shall share with the weak in the plunder that he gains.

Show Lane's original text
A man having, (A, Mgh, L,) or having with him, (L,) a strong beast, (A, Mgh, L,) or strong beasts; (L;) contr. of مُضْعِفٌ . (Mgh, L.) It is said in a trad., يَرُدُّ مُشِدُّهُمْ عَلَى مُضْعِفِهِمْ [He among them who has a strong beast, or strong beasts, shall give back a portion of the spoil to him of them who has a weak beast, or weak beasts]; meaning that the strong warrior and plunderer shall share with ( يُسَاهِمُ ) the weak in the plunder that he gains. (L.)
Nounمُتَشَدِّدٌ1 sense

Core sense — niggardly, tenacious, or avariciousgenerated

1

See شَدِيدٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see شَدِيدٌ .