Core sense — different, or widely different, are they twogenerated
1different, or widely different, are they two—شَتَّانَ بَيْنَهُمَا
In the K and TA, but omitted in the CK; with ḍamm to the ن of بين.
Different, or distinct, are they two; or how widely different are they two! Literally, the union of the two is severed; or the interval between them is far-extending, or wide; or how greatly is the union of the two severed! — as will be shown below.
AZ quotes, in his Nawādir, with بين in the nominative case, this verse:
shāhid 1شَتَّانَ بَيْنُهُمَا فِى كُلِّ مَنْزِلَةٍهٰذَا يَخَافُ وَهٰذَا يَرْتَجِى أَبَدَا
[Different, or widely different, are they two in every category: this one fears, and this one hopes, always].
The manṣūb form is also used by some of the Arabs in the phrase given above, مَا being understood, as though one said شَتَّ الَّذِى بَيْنَهُمَا: literally, separated, or severed, is what is between them two; or far-extending is the interval between them; or how greatly severed is the union between them!
Ḥassān Ibn-Thābit says:
shāhid 2وَشَتَّانَ بَيْنَكُمَا فِى النَّدَىوَفِى البَأْسِ وَالخُبْرِ وَالمَنْظَرِ
[And different, or widely different, are you two in munificence and in valour and inner state and outward appearance].
different, or widely different, are they two—شَتَّانَ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا
In like manner, [but with ما], according to Th; and this phrase, as also the same phrase without ما, is disallowed by As and IKt. IB, however, says that it occurs in the verses of chaste Arabs.
different, or distinct, are they two—شَتَّانَ مَا هُمَا
Or: remote are they two, one from the other; or how greatly are they two separated! Here ما is redundant; هما is the agent of شتّان in the first of these two phrases, and in the second the agent is the first of the two nouns to which the other is joined.
different, or distinct, are ʿAmr and his brother—شَتَّانَ مَا عَمْرٌو وَأَخُوهُ
For instance, Abu-l-Aswad Ed-Duälee says:
shāhid 3وَشَتَّانَ مَا بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَكَ إِنَّنِىعَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ أَسْتَقِيمُ وَتَظْلَعُ
[And different, or widely different, are I and you: for I, in every case, go erect, and you halt].
Similar is the saying of El-Baʿeeth:
shāhid 4وَشَتَّانَ مَا بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَ ٱبْنِ خَالِدٍأُمَيَّةَ فِى الرِّزْقِ الَّذِى يَتَقَسَّمُ
[And different, or widely different, are I and Ibn-Khālid Umeiyeh, with respect to the supplies for the wants of life that are divided among mankind].
El-Aashà says:
shāhid 5شَتَّانَ مَا يَوْمِى عَلَى كُورِهَاوَيَوْمُ حَيَّانَ أَخِىجَابِرِ
[Different, or widely different, are (or were) my day upon the camel's saddle and the day of Ḥeiyān the brother of Jābir: in which, for يَوْمِى and يَوْمُ, some read نَوْمِى and نَوْمُ].
different, or widely different, are his brother and his father—شَتَّانَ أَخُوهُ وَأَبُوهُ
In like manner, [but without ما].
[See also an example in a verse cited under دَائِمٌ in art. دوم.]
1.1
شَتَّانَ is a past-tense verbal noun, meaning اِفْتَرَقَ [as explained above], according to many authorities, [including most of the grammarians,] and they have therefore made it a condition that its agent must denote more than one.
[For اشترطوا فى فعله التردّد I read اشترطوا فى فاعلهُ التعدّد, which agrees with what is said afterwards in the TA and here; though the former phrase may be rendered so as to give essentially the same meaning. But this condition is not necessary if we render شتّان by بَعُدَ.]
Ibn-Umm-Kāsim: it signifies تَبَاعَدَ and اِفْتَرَقَ.
Or it signifies بَعُدَ [as explained above], and is inflected from شَتُتَ [a verb not used; in the CK, incorrectly, شَتَتَ], the fatḥah of the ن being the fatḥah originally belonging to the [final] ت [of the verb]; and this fatḥah shows the word to be inflected from the past-tense verb, as سَرْعَانَ is from سَرُعَ and وَشْكَانَ from وَشُكَ.
Or, according to Er-Radee, it implies wonder, [like several verbs of the measure فَعُلَ, as shown in the remarks on هَيُؤَ and the like,] and means: how greatly separated, disunited, or severed, are they!
Or, according to El-Marzookee, Hr, Zj and some others, it is a maṣdar. El-Marzookee says, in his commentary on the Fs, that it is the maṣdar of a verb not used, [namely شَتُتَ,] and is indeclinable, ending in fatḥah, because it stands in place of a past-tense verb, being equivalent to شَتَّ [for شَتُتَ], that is, تَشَتَّتَ أَوْ تَفَرَّقَ جِدًّا [as explained above].
Zj says that it is a maṣdar occupying the place of a verb, of the measure فَعْلَان, and therefore indeclinable, since it differs in this from others of its class.
Aboo-ʿOthmān El-Māzinee says that شَتَّان and سُبْحَان may take tanween, whether they are nouns or stand in the place of nouns. On this AAF observes that if شتّان is in its proper place it is a verbal noun, meaning شَتَّ; with tanween it is indefinite, without tanween definite; and if taken out of its office as a verbal noun and made a noun answering to التَّشْتِيتُ, and definite, it is like سبحان in the phrase سُبْحَانَ مِنْ عَلْقَمَةَ الفَاخِرِ, which is a noun answering to التَّنْزِيهُ.
The ن in شَتَّان sometimes takes kesreh, though this is contrary to what AZ and IDrst say; its being sometimes with kesreh is mentioned by Th on the authority of Fr, and Er-Radee seems to infer that As held this. Er-Radee gives two reasons for rejecting the expression شتّان ما بين: first, because شتّان occurs with kesr to the ن; and second, because its agent cannot be anything but what denotes more than one. [But see what has been said above on this point.]
IAmb says that one must not say شَتَّانِ مَا بَيْنَ أَخِيكَ وَأَبِيكَ, because in that case شتّان [virtually] governs only one noun in the nominative; but that one may say شَتَّانِ أَخُوكَ وَأَبُوكَ and شَتَّانِ مَا أَخُوكَ وَأَبُوكَ, using شَتَّانِ as the dual of شَتٌّ, though properly شتّان is a verbal noun. MF, however, observes that the commentators on the Fs seem to say that Fr makes شَتَّانِ the dual of شَتٌّ, whereas he mentions it only as a dialectal variant of شَتَّانَ.
The following is given as an example:
shāhidلَشَتَّانَ مَا أَنْوِى وَيَنْوِى بَنُو أَبِى
[Different, or widely different, are what I intend and what the sons of my father intend]. In it شتّان is read with both fatḥah and kesreh; and it is said in the O that شَتَّانِ is a dialectal variant of شَتَّانَ.
1.2
IJ mentions شَتَّى as an accidental synonym of شتّان, and says that it is not the feminine of the latter; so the claim of some that it is used by poetic licence in the following verse of Jemeel needs consideration:
shāhidأُرِيدُ صِلَاحَهَا وَتُرِيدُ قَتْلِىوَشَتَّى بَيْنَ قَتْلِى وَالصِّلَاحِ
[I desire to make peace with her, but she desires to kill me: and different, or widely different, are killing me and making peace].
Show Lane's original text
, (K, TA, but omitted in the CK,) with damm to the ن of بين , (TA,) [Different, or distinct, are they two: or widely different or distinct are they two: or how very, or widely, different or distinct, are they two! lit., the union of them two is severed: or the interval between them two is far-extending, or wide: or how greatly is the union of them two severed! as will be shown below.] AZ quotes, in his “ Nawádir, ” with بين in the nom. case, the following verse: 1 [Different, or widely different, &c., are they two in every predicament: this fears, and this hopes, ever]. (TA.) The mansoob form, however, is also employed (K, TA, but omitted in the CK) by some of the Arabs in the above-mentioned phrase, so that one says, شَتَّانَ بَيْنَهُمَا , مَا being understood, as though one said, شَتَّ الَّذِى بَيْنَهُمَا [meaning, as above explained, Different, or widely different, &c., are they two: lit., separated, or disunited, or severed, is that which is between them two: or far-extending, or wide, is the interval between them two: or how greatly separated, or severed, is the union between them two!]: Hassán Ibn-Thábit says, 2 [And different, or widely different, &c., are ye two in munificence and in valour and internal state and external appearance]. (TA.) In like manner also, [but with ما ,] one says, شَتَّانَ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا , (A, Msb, K,) accord. to Th. (TA.) This [as also, consequently, the same phrase without ما ] is disallowed by As and IKt: IB, however, says that this phrase occurs in the verses of chaste Arabs: for instance, Abu-l-Aswad EdDuälee says, 3 [And different, or widely different, &c., are I and thou: for I, in every case, go erect, and thou haltest]: and similar is the saying of El-Ba'eeth, 4 [And different, or widely different, &c., are I and Ibn-Khálid Umeiyeh, with respect to the supplies for the wants of life that are divided among mankind]. (TA.) One says also, شَتَّانَ مَا هُمَا ; (S, A, K;) and شَتَّانَ مَا عَمْرٌو وَأَخُوهُ ; (S, K;) Different, or distinct, or widely different, &c., are they two; and 'Amr and his brother: [lit., separate, or distinct, are they two; &c.: or remote are they two, one from the other; &c.:] or how greatly, or widely, are they two separated; &c.! (S, A, K:) here ما is redundant; and in the former phrase, هما is the agent of شتّان ; as is the former of the two nouns, to which the latter noun is conjoined, in the latter phrase. (TA.) ElAashà says, 5 [Different, or widely different, &c., are (or were) my day upon her (the camel's) saddle, and the day of Heiyán the brother of Jábir: in which, for يَوْمِى and يَوْمُ , some read نَوْمِى and نَوْمُ ]. (S, TA.) And in like manner, [but without ما ,] one says, شَتَّانَ أَخُوهُ وَأَبُوهُ [Different, or widely different, &c., are his brother and his father]. (TA.) [See also an ex. in a verse cited voce دَائِمٌ , in art. دوم .] شَتَّانَ بَيْنُهُمَا فِى كُلِّ مَنْزِلَةٍ | هٰذَا يَخَافُ وَهٰذَا يَرْتَجِى أَبَدَا وَشَتَّانَ بَيْنَكُمَا فِى النَّدَى | وَفِى البَأْسِ وَالخُبْرِ وَالمَنْظَرِ وَشَتَّانَ مَا بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَكَ إِنَّنِى | عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ أَسْتَقِيمُ وَتَظْلَعُ وَشَتَّانَ مَا بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَ ٱبْنِ خَالِدٍ | أُمَيَّةَ فِى الرِّزْقِ الَّذِى يَتَقَسَّمُ شَتَّانَ مَا يَوْمِى عَلَى كُورِهَا | وَيَوْمُ حَيَّانَ أَخِىجَابِرِ شَتَّانَ , is a preterite verbal noun, signifying اِفْتَرَقَ , [and so expl. above,] accord. to many authorities, [including most of the grammarians,] and therefore they have made it a condition that its agent must be what denotes more than one: [for اشترطوا فى فعله التردّد , I read اشترطوا فى فاعلهُ التعدّد , which agrees with what is afterwards said in the TA and here; though the former phrase may be so rendered as to convey essentially the same meaning: but this condition is not necessary if we render شتّان by بَعُدَ :] (TA:) or it signifies تَبَاعَدَ and اِفْتَرَقَ ; (Ibn-Umm-Kásim;) or بَعُدَ ; [and so expl. above;] (S, A, Msb, K;) and is inflected from شَتُتَ ; (S, K;) [which is a verb not used; in the CK, incorrectly, شَتَتَ ;] the fet-hah of the ن being the fet-hah originally pertaining to the [final] ت [of the verb]; and this fet-hah shows the word to be inflected from the preterite verb, like as سَرْعَانَ is from سَرُعَ , and وَشْكَانَ from وَشُكَ : (S:) or, accord. to Er-Radee, it implies wonder, [like several verbs of the measure فَعُلَ , as shown in remarks on هَيُؤَ &c.,] and means how greatly separated, disunited, or severed, &c.! (TA:) or, accord. to El-Marzookee and Hr and Zj and some others, it is an inf. n.: El-Marzookee says, in his Expos. of the Fs, that it is an inf. n. of a verb not used, [namely شَتُتَ ,] and is indecl., with fet-hah for its termination, because it is put in the place of a pret. verb, being equivalent to شَتَّ , [for شَتُتَ ,] i. e., تَشَتَّتَ أَوْ تَفَرَّقَ جِدًّا [as expl. above]: and Zj says that it is an inf. n. occupying the place of a verb, of the measure فَعْلَان , and therefore indecl., because differing thus from others of its class: Aboo-'Othmán El-Mázinee says that شَتَّان and سُبْحَان may receive tenween, whether they be substs, or occupying the place of substs.: upon which AAF observes that if شتّان be in its proper place, it is a verbal noun, meaning شَتَّ : if with tenween, it is indeterminate; if without tenween, determinate; and if translated from its office of a verbal noun, and made a subst. answering to التَّشْتِيتُ , and determinate, it is similar to سبحان in the phrase سُبْحَانَ مِنْ عَلْقَمَةَ الفَاخِرِ , which is a subst. answering to التَّنْزِيهُ . (TA.) The ن in شَتَّان (sometimes, TA) receives kesreh; (K;) though this is contr. to what is said by AZ and by IDrst: its being sometimes with kesreh is mentioned by Th, on the authority of Fr: and Er-Radee seems to infer that its being so was an opinion of As; and gives two reasons for his disallowal of the expression شتّان ما بين ; first, because شتّان occurs with kesr to the ن ; and second, because its agent cannot be otherwise than what denotes more than one: [but see what has been observed above on this point:] IAmb says that one must not say شَتَّانِ مَا بَيْنَ أَخِيكَ وَأَبِيكَ , because, in this case, شتّان [virtually] governs only one noun in the nom. case: but that one may say, شَتَّانِ أَخُوكَ وَأَبُوكَ , and شَتَّانِ مَا أَخُوكَ وَأَبُوكَ , using شَتَّانِ as the dual of شَتٌّ ; though correctly شتّان is a verbal noun: MF, however, observes that the Expositors of the Fs seem to say that Fr makes شَتَّانِ to be the dual of شَتٌّ ; but that he only mentions it as a dial. var. of شَتَّانَ : the following is adduced as an ex. 1 [Different, or widely different, &c., are that which I intend and that which the sons of my father intend]: in which شتّان is read with both fet-hah and kesreh: and it is said in the O that شَتَّانِ is a dial. var. of شَتَّانَ . (TA.) لَشَتَّانَ مَا أَنْوِى وَيَنْوِى بَنُو أَبِى IJ mentions شَتَّى as an accidental syn. of شتّان ; and says that it is not the fem. of the latter: therefore the assertion of some, that it is used by poetical license in the following verse of Jemeel requires consideration: 1 [I desire to make peace with her, but she desires to slay me: and different, or widely different, &c., are slaying me and making peace]. (TA.) أُرِيدُ صِلَاحَهَا وَتُرِيدُ قَتْلِى | وَشَتَّى بَيْنَ قَتْلِى وَالصِّلَاحِ