سلط

Form 1 · Form 2 · Form 5 · 11 entries · Qur'ānic frequency 39

Form 1سَلُطَ3 senses · 1 main

muḍāriʿـُيَفْعُلُ·ـَيَفْعَلُmaṣdarسَلَاطَةٌ سَلَطٌ

Core sense — he overcame, prevailed; it became strong, or hard; he became sharp-tonguedgenerated

1.1

He, or it, overcame, prevailed, or predominated; or he became firm and established in superior power or force; he possessed power of dominion, sovereignty, or rule.

1.1.1

It became strong, or hard; said of anything, for instance of a solid hoof or a camel's foot.

1.1.2he was, or became, clear in speech, or eloquent, and sharp in tongue; or long-tongued—سَلِطَ

He was, or became, sharp.

This is also the meaning of the base verb, whose maṣdar is the one mentioned above or سُلُوطَةٌ.

. Or: he was clamorous and foul-tongued.

she (a woman) was, or became, long-tongued and violently clamorous—سَلُطَتْ

Said of a man, some give the verb only the first of these three meanings.

. See سَلِيطٌ below.

Show Lane's original text

, aor. سَلُطَ , (M,) inf. n. سَلَاطَةٌ , (S, M, B,) He, or it, overcame, prevailed, or predominated: (S, TA:) or was, or became, firm, or established, in superior power or force: (B, TA:) he possessed power of dominion or sovereignty or rule. (M.) It (anything, as, for instance, a solid hoof, and a camel's foot,) was, or became, strong, or hard. (M.) He was, or became, sharp. (TA.) And the same verb, (M, Msb, K,) inf. n. as above (S, M, Msb, K) and سُلُوطَةٌ , (S, M, K,) He was, or became, chaste, or perspicuous, in speech, or eloquent, and sharp in tongue: (S:) or long-tongued;; (M, K;) as also سَلِطَ , aor. سَلَطَ , (K,) inf. n. سَلَطٌ : (TS, TA:) or clamorous and foultongued: (Msb:) [or this verb, said of a man, has the first of these three significations; but] سَلُطَتْ , inf. n. سَلَاطَةٌ , signifies she (a woman) was, or became, long-tongued, and vehemently clamorous. (Lth.) [See سَلِيطٌ , below.]

Form 2سلّطهُ عَلَيْهِ1 sense

maṣdarتَسْلِيطٌ

Core sense — he made him prevail over him, he gave him power over himgenerated

2.1he set the dogs on him—سلّط عَلَيْهِ الكِلَابَ

also written with ص (Ibn-ʿAbbād, and in the article صلط).

He (God) made him overcome him, prevail over him, or have superior power or force over him; he gave him mastery, dominion, or authority and power over him; he gave him absolute dominion, sovereignty, or rule over him, or absolute superiority of power or force; he gave him power over him.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 2 1 shown of 2

59:6

وَمَآ أَفَآءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ مِنْهُمْ فَمَآ أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ وَلَـٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُۥ عَلَىٰ مَن يَشَآءُ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ

What Allah has bestowed on His Messenger (and taken away) from them - for this ye made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry: but Allah gives power to His messengers over any He pleases: and Allah has power over all things.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

, (S, M, Msb,) inf. n. تَسْلِيطٌ , (M, K,) also written with ص , (Ibn-'Abbád, and K in art. صلط ,) He (God, S) made him to overcome him; to prevail, or predominate, over him; or to have, or exercise, superior power or force over him: (S, K:) he made him to have mastery, dominion, or authority, and power, over him: (Msb:) he made him to have, or exercise, absolute dominion or sovereignty or rule, over him; (M;) or absolute superiority of power or force: (K:) he gave him power over him, and superior power or force. (TA.) [You say also, سلّط عَلَيْهِ الكِلَابَ He set the dogs upon him.]

Form 5تسلّط عَلَيْهِمْ1 sense

Core sense — he prevailed over them, he had power over themgenerated

5.1

He overcame them, prevailed over them, or was made to do so; he had, or was made to have, superior power or force over them; he had, or was made to have, mastery, dominion, or authority and power, or absolute dominion and power, over them; he had, or received, power over them.

It is the quasi-passive of سَلَّطَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ.

Show Lane's original text

He overcame them; prevailed or predominated, over them; or was made to do so; he had, or exercised, or was made to have or exercise, superior power or force over them: (S:) he had, or was made to have, mastery, dominion, or authority, and power, or absolute dominion or authority and power, over them: (Msb:) he had, or received, power over them; and superior power or force; quasi-pass. of سَلَّطَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ . (TA.)

Derived nouns 8

Nounسَلْطٌ1 sense

Core sense — strong, or hard; sharp; long-tonguedgenerated

See سَلِيطٌ: for the first of these two words in four places, and for the second in seven.

Show Lane's original text

: see سَلِيطٌ ; for the former, in four places; and for the latter, in seven.

Nounسَلِطٌ1 sense

Core sense — strong, or hard; sharp; long-tonguedgenerated

See سَلِيطٌ: for the first of these two words in four places, and for the second in seven.

Show Lane's original text

: see سَلِيطٌ ; for the former, in four places; and for the latter, in seven.

Nounسُلْطَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — power, dominion, or authoritygenerated

See سُلْطَانٌ for the second of these words, in three places.

Show Lane's original text

: see سُلْطَانٌ ; for the latter, in three places.

Nounسَلْطَنَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — sovereign power, rule, dominiongenerated

See سُلْطَانٌ for the second of these words, in three places.

Show Lane's original text

: see سُلْطَانٌ ; for the latter, in three places.

Nounسُلْطَانٌ4 senses · 1 main

Core sense — power, dominion, sovereign authority; a proof, or plea; a ruler, a kinggenerated

1the sovereign, or ruling, power decreed it—قَضَتْ بِهِ السُّلْطَانُ

Strength, might, force, or power; also سَلْطَنَةٌ.

Predominance; the possession, or exercise, of superior power or force, or of dominion, or authority and power, or of absolute dominion and power; also سُلْطَةٌ.

The first of these is synonymous with تَسَلُّطٌ [used as a substantive]; the second is the substantive from تَسَلَّطَ.

Power of dominion; sovereign, or ruling, power. In this sense, as well as in the first, it is the same as سَلْطَنَةٌ, the power of a king and of a governor, that is, delegated power, or power given to one who is not a king.

Also written سُلْطَانٌ, which is the only instance of this form.

It is masculine and feminine; generally masculine, in the opinion of the skilful, but sometimes feminine, as IAmb, Zj and others say; ISk, however, says that it is feminine.

Here السَّلْطَنَةُ is the sovereign, or ruling, power.

a tyrannical sovereign, or ruling, power came to us—أَتَتْنَا سُلْطَانٌ جَائِرَةٌ

Aboo-Zuheyr says: I heard one in whose correctness of speech I have confidence say this.

unless you ask the ruler, or governor, or the king, for your due from the public treasury—إِلَّا أَنْ تَسْأَلَ ذَا سُلْطَانٍ

It occurs in a tradition.

I have given you power, or authority, to take my due from such a one—قَدْ جَعَلْتُ لَكَ سُلْطَانًا عَلَى أَخْذِ حَقِّى مِنْ فُلَانٍ

a man shall not take precedence of a man in his authority—لَا يَؤُمُّ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ فِى سُلْطَانِهِ

That is, in his house, and where he has predominance, superior power, or authority; nor shall he sit on his cushion, for in doing so he would show him contempt.

Lane cites “Bd in iii. 144” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given

1.1

Strength, or hardness, of anything; sharpness of anything; force, or violence, of anything.

The violence of winter.

An excited and predominant state of the blood, or inflammation of it.

The flaming, or blazing, of fire.

1.2we have given to his executor, or heir, authority and power—فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِّيِهِ سُلْطَانًا

A proof; an evidence; an argument; a plea; an allegation; the same as حُجَّةٌ and بُرْهَانٌ.

A حُجَّة is so called because of the force with which truth attacks the mind; or, according to Mohammad Ibn-Yezeed, from سَلِيطٌ, meaning oil of olives, because it gives light. In these senses it has no plural, because it stands in place of a maṣdar.

According to I'Ab, it means حُجَّة wherever it occurs in the Qur'ān.

Qur'ān 17:35. The meaning may be authority and power, or absolute authority and power, or the like; or a plea, or the like.

my dominion, and my authority and power over men, has perished from me—هَلَكَ عَنِّى سُلْطَانِيَهْ

Qur'ān 69:29. Or the meaning may be: my plea.

when we sent him to Pharaoh with a clear miracle—إِذْ أَرْسَلْنَاهُ إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ بِسُلْطَان ٍ مُبِينٍ

Qur'ān 51:38; sometimes the word means a miracle.

Az says that it is sometimes masculine because it has a masculine form, and so it is in this last instance.

1.3the lord of kings—سَيِّدُ السُّلْطَانِ

A ruler, or governor, or the like; a king; a sovereign; a khaleefeh. These are its most common uses in the writings of post-classical times.

It is so applied because the person so called is made to predominate, to have or exercise superior power or force, and to have dominion; or, as Aboo-Bekr says, because he is one of the evidences of God; or because he possesses proof or evidence of his right; or because by him pleas and rights are established; or because he lights up the earth and is of great usefulness, the word being derived from سَلِيطٌ, meaning olive oil.

It is of the measure فُعْلَانٌ, and when applied to a person it is masculine; or it is both masculine and feminine. According to Mohammad Ibn-Yezeed it is feminine because it is originally the plural of سَلِيطٌ applied to oil, as though the kingdom shone by him; or because it has the meaning of حُجَّةٌ; and sometimes masculine, because regarded as meaning a man, or because regarded as a singular. So Mohammad Ibn-Yezeed says, but Az remarks that no one but he says this.

Fr says that whoever makes it masculine regards it as meaning رَجُلٌ, and whoever makes it feminine regards it as meaning حُجَّةٌ. The plural is سَلَاطِينُ.

The word is itself sometimes used as a plural, as here, in a phrase used by a poet, meaning سَيِّدُ السَّلَاطِينَ, that is, the khaleefeh; but this may also be rendered the lord of sovereign power. Some say that the second word here is the plural of سَلِيطٌ, as رُغْفَانٌ is the plural of رَغِيفٌ.

Qur’ānic occurrences سُلْطَٰن 4 shown of 37

11:96

وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا مُوسَىٰ بِـَٔايَـٰتِنَا وَسُلْطَـٰنٍ مُّبِينٍ

And we sent Moses, with Our Clear (Signs) and an authority manifest,

37:156

أَمْ لَكُمْ سُلْطَـٰنٌ مُّبِينٌ

Or have ye an authority manifest?

40:23

وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا مُوسَىٰ بِـَٔايَـٰتِنَا وَسُلْطَـٰنٍ مُّبِينٍ

Of old We sent Moses, with Our Signs and an authority manifest,

69:29

هَلَكَ عَنِّى سُلْطَـٰنِيَهْ

"My power has perished from me!"...

Show Lane's original text

Strength, might, force, or power; (TA;) as also سَلْطَنَةٌ : (Bd in iii. 144:) predominance; the possession, or exercise, of superior power or force, or of dominion, or authority, and power, or of absolute dominion or authority and power; (Mgh;) as also سُلْطَةٌ ; (S;) the former being syn. with تَسَلُّطٌ [used as a subst.]; (Mgh;) and the latter being the subst. from تَسَلَّطَ : (S:) power of dominion; sovereign, or ruling, power; (M;) [in this sense, as well as in the first,] i. q. سَلْطَنَةٌ ; (Msb;) power of a king; (Lth, Mgh, K;) and of a governor; (Mgh, Msb;) [i. e.] delegated power, or power given to one who is not a king; (TA;) also written سُلْطَانٌ ; (M, Msb, K;) which is the only instance of this form: (Msb:) it is masc. and fem.; (M, TA;) generally masc., in the opinion of the skilful; but sometimes fem.; so say IAmb and Zj and others: (Msb:) but ISk says that it is fem. (TA.) One says, (ISk,) or some say, (Msb,) قَضَتْ بِهِ السُّلْطَانُ (ISk, Msb) The sovereign, or ruling, power ( السَّلْطَنَةُ ) decreed it. (Msb.) And Aboo-Zuheyr says, I heard one, in whose chasteness of speech I have confidence, say, أَتَتْنَا سُلْطَانٌ جَائِرَةٌ [A tyrannical sovereign, or ruling, power, came to us]. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., إِلَّا أَنْ تَسْأَلَ ذَا سُلْطَانٍ , meaning Unless thou ask the ruler, or governor, or the king, for thy due from the public treasury. (Mgh.) And you say, قَدْ جَعَلْتُ لَكَ سُلْطَانًا عَلَى أَخْذِ حَقِّى مِنْ فُلَانٍ I have given thee power, or authority, to take, or receive, my due from such a one. (TA.) And لَا يَؤُمُّ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ فِى سُلْطَانِهِ [A man shall not take precedence of a man in his authority]; meaning, in his house, and where he has predominance, or superior power, or authority; nor shall he sit upon his cushion; for in doing so he would show him contempt. (Mgh.) Strength, or hardness, of anything: (M, K:) sharpness of anything: force, or violence, of anything. (TA.) The vehemence of winter. (TK.) An excited and predominant state of the blood; or inflammation thereof. (IDrd, M, K.) The flaming, or blazing, of fire. (IDrd.) A proof; an evidence; an argument; a plea; an allegation; syn. حُجَّةٌ , (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and بُرْهَانٌ : (S, Msb:) a حُجَّة being thus called because of the force with which truth attacks the mind: (B:) or, accord. to Mohammad Ibn-Yezeed, from سَلِيطٌ , (M, TA,) signifying “ oil of olives, ” because it enlightens: (TA:) and in these senses it has no pl., because it is used in the place of an inf. n. (S, TA.) Accord. to I'Ab, it signifies حُجَّة wherever it occurs in the Kur. (TA.) But in the words of the Kur [xvii. 35], فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِّيِهِ سُلْطَانًا , the meaning may be either [We have given to his executor, or heir,] authority, and power, or absolute authority and power, or the like; or a plea, or the like. (Mgh.) And again, in the Kur [lxix. 29], هَلَكَ عَنِّى سُلْطَانِيَهْ , the meaning may be My dominion, and my authority and power over men, has perished from me; or my plea. (Bd, B.) And sometimes it means A miracle; as in the words of the Kur [li. 38], إِذْ أَرْسَلْنَاهُ إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ بِسُلْطَان ٍ مُبِينٍ [When we sent him to Pharaoh with a manifest miracle]. (TA.) Az says that it is sometimes masc. because it has a masc. form; and thus it is in the last of the instances above. (TA.) Also A ruler, or governor, or the like; a king; a sovereign; (S, K, TA;) a khaleefeh: (TA:) these are its most common applications [in the writings of post-classical times]: (TA:) thus applied because the person so called is made to predominate; to have, or exercise, superior power or force; to have dominion, or the like: or because he is one of the evidences of God: (Aboo-Bekr, TA:) or because he possesses proof or evidence [of his right]: or because by him pleas and rights are established: (TA:) or because he enlightens the earth, (Msb, * B,) and is of great usefulness; (B;) the word being derived from سَلِيطٌ [signifying “ olive-oil ”]: (Msb:) it is of the measure فُعْلَانٌ : (S:) and when [thus] applied to a person, it is masc.: (Msb:) or it is masc. and fem.: (S, TA:) accord. to Mohammad Ibn-Yezeed, (TA,) fem. because it is [originally] pl. of سَلِيطٌ applied to “ oil; ” as though the kingdom shone by him; or because it has the signification of حُجَّةٌ : and sometimes masc., because regarded as meaning a man; (K, TA;) or because regarded as a sing.: so says Mohammad Ibn-Yezeed; but Az observes that none beside him says this: Fr says that he who makes it masc. regards it as meaning رَجُلٌ ; and he who makes it fem. regards it as meaning حُجَّةٌ : (TA:) the pl. is سَلَاطِينُ . (S, Msb.) It is also, itself, sometimes used as a pl.; as in the phrase سَيِّدُ السُّلْطَانِ , used by a poet, meaning سَيِّدُ السَّلَاطِينَ [The lord of kings]; i. e. the khaleefeh: [but this may be rendered the lord of sovereign power, &c.:] or, as some say, the latter word is here pl. of سَلِيطٌ , like as رُغْفَانٌ is pl. of رَغِيفٌ . (Msb.)

Nounسَلَطَانَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — long-tongued, or clamorous; said of a womangenerated

And سِلِطَانَةٌ, or سِلِطَّانَةٌ: see سَلِيطٌ.

Show Lane's original text

, and سِلِطَانَةٌ , or سِلِطَّانَةٌ : see سَلِيطٌ .

Nounسَلِيطٌ4 senses · 2 main

Core sense — strong, or hard; sharp; eloquent and sharp in tongue; olive oilgenerated

1a strong, or hard, solid hoof—حَافِرٌ سَلِطٌ

Strong, or hard; also سَلِطٌ, or سَلْطٌ.

Also said as سَلْطٌ and سَلِيطٌ.

a beast having a strong, or hard, hoof—دَابَّةٌ سَلِطَةُ الحَافِرِ

a camel having a strong, or hard, foot—بَعِيرٌ سَلِطُ الخُفِّ

1.1sharp edges of the fore parts of hoofs—سَنَابِكُ سَلِطَاتٌ

Sharp; applied to anything.

1.2a long tongue—لِسَانٌ سَلِيطٌ

Clear in speech, or eloquent, and sharp in tongue: an adjective of praise when applied to the male, and of blame when [with ة] applied to the female.

Also long-tongued; and so سَلِطٌ, or سَلْطٌ, feminine سَلِيطَةٌ and سَلَطَانَةٌ and سِلِطَانَةٌ, or سِلِطَّانَةٌ, the last written with teshdeed to the ط in the Jm and explained there as long-tongued and clamorous.

Or سَلِيطٌ means clamorous and foul-tongued, and so does سَلِيطَةٌ applied to a woman; or the latter, applied to a woman, means clamorous, or long-tongued and violently clamorous; or سَلِيطَةُ اللِّسَانِ is applied to a woman in two senses, sharp-tongued and long-tongued.

Also سَلِطٌ, or سَلْطٌ.

Oil of olives, as the generality of the Arabs apply it; but the people of El-Yemen apply it to oil of sesame. IDrd, in the Jm, says the reverse, and IF has followed him; but what J says is right, as Sgh has observed in the O.

Or, as some say, any oil pressed from grains or berries. Plural سُلْطَانٌ.

Show Lane's original text

Strong, or hard; (M, K;) as also سَلِطٌ , (M,) or سَلْطٌ . (K.) You say, حَافِرٌ سَلِطٌ , (M,) or سَلْطٌ , (TA,) and سَلِيطٌ , (M, TA,) A strong, or hard, solid hoof. (M, TA.) And دَابَّةٌ سَلِطَةُ الحَافِرِ A beast having a strong, or hard, hoof. (M.) And بَعِيرٌ سَلِطُ الخُفِّ A camel having a strong, or hard, foot. (M.) Sharp; applied to anything. (K.) You say also سَنَابِكُ سَلِطَاتٌ Sharp edges of the fore parts of hoofs. (S, TA.) Chaste in speech, or eloquent, (S, K,) and sharp in tongue: (S:) an epithet of praise when applied to the male, and of dispraise when [with ة ] applied to the female: (IDrd, K:) also, (K,) long-tongued; (M, K;) and so سَلِطٌ , (M,) or سَلْطٌ ; (K;) fem. سَلِيطَةٌ , and سَلَطَانَةٌ , (M, K,) and سِلِطَانَةٌ , (K,) or سِلِطَّانَةٌ ; (M;) the last written [thus] with tesh-deed to the ط in the Jm., and there explained as signifying long-tongued and clamorous: (TA:) or سَلِيطٌ signifies clamorous and foul-tongued; and so سَلِيطَةٌ applied to a woman: (Msb:) or the latter, applied to a woman, clamorous: (S:) or long-tongued and vehemently clamorous: (Lth:) or سَلِيطَةُ اللِّسَانِ is applied to a woman in two senses; signifying sharp-tongued; and long-tongued. (Az, TA.) You say also, لِسَانٌ سَلِيطٌ , (M, K,) and سَلِطٌ , (M,) or سَلْطٌ , (K,) A long tongue. (M, K.) Oil of olives; (S, M, Msb, K;) so applied by the generality of the Arabs: but by the people of El-Yemen applied to oil of sesame, or sesamum: (S, M:) IDrd, in the Jm, says the reverse; and IF has followed him; but what J says is right, as Sgh, has observed in the O: (TA:) also, (K,) or as some say, (M,) any oil expressed from grains or berries: (M, K:) pl. سُلْطَانٌ . (Msb, K.)

Nounأَسْلَطُ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — more, or most, prevailing; sharpest in tonguegenerated

More, or most, overcoming, prevailing, predominating, or superior in power or force.

1.1he is the most clear-spoken, or eloquent, and the sharpest of them in tongue—هُوَ أَسْلَطُهُمْ لِسَانًا

For an example, see سِلْقٌ.

Show Lane's original text

More, and most, overcoming, prevailing, predominating, or superior in power or force. (Har p. 661.) هُوَ أَسْلَطُهُمْ لِسَانًا He is the most chaste, or eloquent, and the sharpest, [&c., (see an ex. voce سِلْقٌ ,)] of them in tongue. (S.)