Core sense — an awning over a courtyard; an enclosure round a tent; rising dust or smokegenerated
1figurative · مجاز — inferred
El-Jawáleekee says it is an arabicized word from the Persian سَرَادَرْ or سَرَاطَاقْ.
An awning extended over the interior court of a house; [and the cover of a tent;] and any tent of cotton.
Or, according to AO, a tent of the kind called فُسْطَاط.
Also an enclosure around a خَيْمَة [or tent], made of pieces of cloth, without a roof; or an enclosure around a فُسْطَاط.
Or what surrounds the tent called خَيْمَة and the tent called قُبَّة; or any wall or enclosure, or tent such as is called مِضْرَب or خِبَآء, that surrounds a thing.
Plural سُرَادِقَاتٌ. It has this plural, though it is masculine, because it has no broken plural.
El-Kedhdháb El-Hirmázee — not Ru-beh, as in the “Book” of Sb — says, addressing Hakam Ibn-El-Mundhir Ibn-El-Járood: [The canopy of glory is extended over you]
shāhidسُرَادِقُ المَجْدِ عَلَيْكَ مَمْدُودْ
.
Lane cites “Bd in xviii. 28” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given
1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred
[Hence,] dust rising, or spreading itself.
1.2figurative · مجاز — inferred
And smoke rising high and surrounding a thing.
1.3
In the Kur 18:28 it is applied to what will surround the unbelievers, of the fire of Hell, as being likened to a فُسْطَاط, or to an enclosure around a فسطاط; or as meaning the smoke of the fire, or a wall of it.
Qur’ān 18:30 approximate — somewhere between 18:1 and 18:42 Lane cites “Kur xviii. 28”
Qur’ān 18:29 located by this root inside the range Lane’s citation allows
وَقُلِ ٱلْحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّكُمْ ۖ فَمَن شَآءَ فَلْيُؤْمِن وَمَن شَآءَ فَلْيَكْفُرْ ۚ إِنَّآ أَعْتَدْنَا لِلظَّـٰلِمِينَ نَارًا أَحَاطَ بِهِمْ سُرَادِقُهَا ۚ وَإِن يَسْتَغِيثُوا۟ يُغَاثُوا۟ بِمَآءٍ كَٱلْمُهْلِ يَشْوِى ٱلْوُجُوهَ ۚ بِئْسَ ٱلشَّرَابُ وَسَآءَتْ مُرْتَفَقًاSay, "The truth is from your Lord": Let him who will believe, and let him who will, reject (it): for the wrong-doers We have prepared a Fire whose (smoke and flames), like the walls and roof of a tent, will hem them in: if they implore relief they will be granted water like melted brass, that will scald their faces, how dreadful the drink! How uncomfortable a couch to recline on!Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)
Qur’ānic occurrences سُرَادِق
18:29
وَقُلِ ٱلْحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّكُمْ ۖ فَمَن شَآءَ فَلْيُؤْمِن وَمَن شَآءَ فَلْيَكْفُرْ ۚ إِنَّآ أَعْتَدْنَا لِلظَّـٰلِمِينَ نَارًا أَحَاطَ بِهِمْ سُرَادِقُهَا ۚ وَإِن يَسْتَغِيثُوا۟ يُغَاثُوا۟ بِمَآءٍ كَٱلْمُهْلِ يَشْوِى ٱلْوُجُوهَ ۚ بِئْسَ ٱلشَّرَابُ وَسَآءَتْ مُرْتَفَقًاSay, "The truth is from your Lord": Let him who will believe, and let him who will, reject (it): for the wrong-doers We have prepared a Fire whose (smoke and flames), like the walls and roof of a tent, will hem them in: if they implore relief they will be granted water like melted brass, that will scald their faces, how dreadful the drink! How uncomfortable a couch to recline on!
Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.
Show Lane's original text
, said by El-Jawáleekee to be an arabicized word from [the Pers.] سَرَادَرْ or سَرَاطَاقْ , (MF,) An awning extended over the interior court of a house: (S, O, Msb, K:) [and the cover of a tent:] and any tent of cotton: (S, O, K, and mentioned in the Msb as on the authority of J:) or a [ tent of the kind called] فُسْطَاط ; (Bd in xviii. 28;) so says AO: (Msb:) also (Msb) an enclosure around a خَيْمَة [or tent], consisting of pieces of cloth, without a roof: (Mgh, Msb:) or an enclosure ( حُجْرَة ) around a فُسْطَاط : (Ksh and Bd ubi suprá:) or what surrounds the [tent called] خَيْمَة and the [tent called] قُبَّة : (Ham p. 772:) or any wall or enclosure, or [tent such as is called] مِضْرَب or [such as is called] خِبَآء that surrounds a thing: (IAth, TA:) pl. سُرَادِقَاتٌ : (S O, K:) it has this pl., though it is masc., because. it has no broken pl. (Sb, TA.) ElKedhdháb El-Hirmázee says, not Ru-beh as in the “ Book ” of Sb [and in the S], addressing Hakam Ibn-El-Mundhir Ibn-El-Járood, 1 [The canopy of glory is extended over thee]. (O, TA.) سُرَادِقُ المَجْدِ عَلَيْكَ مَمْدُودْ [Hence,] Dust rising; or spreading, or diffusing itself. (Az, O, K.) And Smoke rising high, and surrounding a thing. (Az, O, K.) In the Kur xviii. 28, it is applied to what will surround the unbelievers, of the fire of Hell, (Ksh, Bd,) as being likened to a فُسْطَاط , (Bd,) or to an enclosure around a فسطاط ; or as meaning the smoke of the fire; or a wall thereof. (Ksh, Bd.)