← All rootsReader's Key

سخر

Form 1 · Form 2 · Form 5 · Form 10  ·  11 entries  ·  Qur'ānic frequency 42

Form 1سَخِرَ مِنْهُ6 senses · 2 main
muḍāriʿـَيَفْعَلُmaṣdarسَخَرٌ

Core sense — he mocked at him, derided him; the ship had a good wind and voyagegenerated

1.1he mocked at him, scoffed at him, laughed at him, derided him—بِهِ

One says also ضَحِكَ مِنْهُ, بِهِ, هَزِئَ مِنْهُ, and بِهِ. En-Nawawee: the first of these is the more chaste, and it is the form used in the Qur'ān 9:80 and 11:40 [and elsewhere]. J says the second is the worse of the two, and Fr disallows it altogether.

maṣdar سَخَرٌ, سَخْرٌ, سُخْرٌ, سُخُرٌ, سُخْرَةٌ, and مَسْخَرٌ.

he mocked at him, derided him—استسخر
they invite one another to mock, scoff, or deride—يَسْتَسْخِرُونَ

So according to Ibn-Er-Rummānee; the phrase is in the Qur'ān 37:14.

Qur’ān 9:80 approximate — somewhere between 9:55 and 9:83 Lane cites “Kur ix. 80”
Qur’ān 37:14 approximate — somewhere between 37:12 and 37:107 Lane cites “Kur xxxvii. 14”
Qur’ān 9:79 located by this root inside the range Lane’s citation allows
ٱلَّذِينَ يَلْمِزُونَ ٱلْمُطَّوِّعِينَ مِنَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِى ٱلصَّدَقَـٰتِ وَٱلَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ إِلَّا جُهْدَهُمْ فَيَسْخَرُونَ مِنْهُمْ ۙ سَخِرَ ٱللَّهُ مِنْهُمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ

Those who slander such of the believers as give themselves freely to (deeds of) charity, as well as such as can find nothing to give except the fruits of their labour,- and throw ridicule on them,- Allah will throw back their ridicule on them: and they shall have a grievous penalty.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

1.1.1figurative · مجازDo you mock at me, or deride me, when I am the king?—أَتَسْخَرُ مِنِّى وَأَنَا المَلِكُ

Said in a tradition. Or, as some say, it is figurative, and means: do you put me in a place that I do not regard as my right? So it seems to point to a kind of mockery.

1.1.2figurative · مجاز[I say so, and I do not jest]—أَنَا أُقُولُ كَذَا وَلَا أَسْخَرُ

Said in another tradition; the meaning is: I say nothing but the truth.

1.1.3If you deem us ignorant, we also deem you ignorant, just as you deem us ignorant—إِنْ تَسْخَرُوا مِنَّا فَإِنَّا نَسْخَرُ مِنْكُمْ كَمَا تَسْخَرُونَ

This is said to be the meaning of the words.

1.2

سَخَرَهُ: see form 2.

1.2.1figurative · مجازthe ship had a good wind and voyage; it obeyed and ran its course—سَخَرَتِ السَّفِينَةُ

[As though it made the wind subservient, or submissive, to it; see form 2.]

.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1 5 shown of 7
6:10
وَلَقَدِ ٱسْتُهْزِئَ بِرُسُلٍ مِّن قَبْلِكَ فَحَاقَ بِٱلَّذِينَ سَخِرُوا۟ مِنْهُم مَّا كَانُوا۟ بِهِۦ يَسْتَهْزِءُونَ

Mocked were (many) messengers before thee; but their scoffers were hemmed in by the thing that they mocked.

9:79
ٱلَّذِينَ يَلْمِزُونَ ٱلْمُطَّوِّعِينَ مِنَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِى ٱلصَّدَقَـٰتِ وَٱلَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ إِلَّا جُهْدَهُمْ فَيَسْخَرُونَ مِنْهُمْ ۙ سَخِرَ ٱللَّهُ مِنْهُمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ

Those who slander such of the believers as give themselves freely to (deeds of) charity, as well as such as can find nothing to give except the fruits of their labour,- and throw ridicule on them,- Allah will throw back their ridicule on them: and they shall have a grievous penalty.

11:38
وَيَصْنَعُ ٱلْفُلْكَ وَكُلَّمَا مَرَّ عَلَيْهِ مَلَأٌ مِّن قَوْمِهِۦ سَخِرُوا۟ مِنْهُ ۚ قَالَ إِن تَسْخَرُوا۟ مِنَّا فَإِنَّا نَسْخَرُ مِنكُمْ كَمَا تَسْخَرُونَ

Forthwith he (starts) constructing the Ark: Every time that the chiefs of his people passed by him, they threw ridicule on him. He said: "If ye ridicule us now, we (in our turn) can look down on you with ridicule likewise!

21:41
وَلَقَدِ ٱسْتُهْزِئَ بِرُسُلٍ مِّن قَبْلِكَ فَحَاقَ بِٱلَّذِينَ سَخِرُوا۟ مِنْهُم مَّا كَانُوا۟ بِهِۦ يَسْتَهْزِءُونَ

Mocked were (many) messenger before thee; But their scoffers were hemmed in by the thing that they mocked.

37:12
بَلْ عَجِبْتَ وَيَسْخَرُونَ

Truly dost thou marvel, while they ridicule,

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
, (Fr, Akh, S, A, Msb, K,) and بِهِ , (AZ, Akh, S, Msb, K,) like as one says ضَحِكَ مِنْهُ and بِهِ , and هَزِئَ مِنْهُ and بِهِ , (Akh, S,) but the former is the more chaste, (En-Näwawee, TA,) and is that which occurs in the Kur ix. 80, and xi. 40, [&c.,] (TA,) and J says that the latter is the worse of the two, (S,) and Fr disallows it absolutely, (TA,) aor. سَخَرَ , (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. سَخَرٌ (S, Msb, K) and سَخْرٌ (K) and سُخْرٌ and سُخُرٌ (S, K) and سُخْرَةٌ (K) and مَسْخَرٌ , (S, K,) He mocked at, scoffed at, laughed at, derided, or ridiculed, him; (S, * A, Msb, K, &c.;) as also استسخر : (A, * K:) and يَسْتَسْخِرُونَ , in the Kur xxxvii. 14, signifies, accord. to Ibn-Er-Rummánee, they invite one another to mock, scoff, deride, or ridicule. (TA.) It is said in a trad., أَتَسْخَرُ مِنِّى وَأَنَا المَلِكُ Dost thou mock at me, or deride me, when I am the king? or, as some say, it is tropical, and means, dost thou put me in a place which I do not regard as my right? so that it seems to denote a species of mockery. (TA.) And in another trad. it is said, أَنَا أُقُولُ كَذَا وَلَا أَسْخَرُ [I say so, and I do not jest]; meaning I say not aught but the truth. (A, * TA.) The words (of the Kur [xi. 40] TA) إِنْ تَسْخَرُوا مِنَّا فَإِنَّا نَسْخَرُ مِنْكُمْ كَمَا تَسْخَرُونَ are said to signify If ye deem us ignorant, we also deem you ignorant like as ye deem us ignorant. (K.) سَخَرَهُ : see 2. سَخَرَتِ السَّفِينَةُ , aor. سَخَرَ , The ship had a good wind and voyage; (K;) [as though it made the wind subservient, or submissive, to it; (see 2;)] it obeyed, and ran its course. (TA.)
Form 2سخّرهُ2 senses · 1 main
maṣdarتَسْخِيرٌ سِخْرِىٌّ

Core sense — he compelled him to work without pay; he made it subservient, submissivegenerated

2.1he compelled him to work without recompense or pay—تسخّرهُ

. He constrained or compelled him — a servant, or a beast — to do what he did not want, or to work without recompense, pay, or price.

he constrained him to do what he did not want; he compelled him—سَخَرَهُ

maṣdar سِخْرِىٌّ and سُخْرِىٌّ.

he made use of him without compensation, فِى العَمَلِ [in work]—سخّرهُ
I rode a beast belonging to such a one without recompense—تَسَخَّرْتُ دَابَّةً لِفُلَانٍ
2.1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredGod has made the camels subservient, or submissive, and manageable—سخّر ٱللّٰهُ الإِبِلَ
And He has made the sun and the moon subservient to you [to run their appointed courses]—وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ ٱلشَّمْسَ وَٱلْقَمَرَ
it (anything) was made submissive, manageable, or practicable to him, or prepared for him as he wished—سُخِّرَ لَهُ

He brought him under subjection; he made him subservient, submissive, tractable, or manageable.

In the Qur'ān 14:37.

تُسُخِّرَ له is used in the same way.

God made the ship obey and run its course, with a good wind and voyage—سخّر ٱللّٰهُ السَّفِينَةَ

.

He sent it upon them by force—سَخَّرَهَا عَلَيْهِمْ

Said of the wind, in the Qur'ān 69:7; or the meaning is: He made it prevail against them by His power.

Qur’ān 69:7 matched to Lane’s own quotation of it Lane cites “Kur lxix. 7”
Qur’ān 69:7 Lane quotes this verse
سَخَّرَهَا عَلَيْهِمْ سَبْعَ لَيَالٍ وَثَمَـٰنِيَةَ أَيَّامٍ حُسُومًا فَتَرَى ٱلْقَوْمَ فِيهَا صَرْعَىٰ كَأَنَّهُمْ أَعْجَازُ نَخْلٍ خَاوِيَةٍ

He made it rage against them seven nights and eight days in succession: so that thou couldst see the (whole) people lying prostrate in its (path), as they had been roots of hollow palm-trees tumbled down!Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 2 2 shown of 20
38:18
إِنَّا سَخَّرْنَا ٱلْجِبَالَ مَعَهُۥ يُسَبِّحْنَ بِٱلْعَشِىِّ وَٱلْإِشْرَاقِ

It was We that made the hills declare, in unison with him, Our Praises, at eventide and at break of day,

38:36
فَسَخَّرْنَا لَهُ ٱلرِّيحَ تَجْرِى بِأَمْرِهِۦ رُخَآءً حَيْثُ أَصَابَ

Then We subjected the wind to his power, to flow gently to his order, Whithersoever he willed,-

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
, inf. n. تَسْخِيرٌ , He constrained him, or compelled him, (JK, S, K,) namely, a servant, or a beast, to do what he [the latter] did not desire, (JK, TA,) or to work, without recompense, or hire, or wages, (S, K,) and without price; (TA;) as also تسخّرهُ : (S, Mgh, * K:) and [in like manner,] سَخَرَهُ , aor. سَخَرَ , inf. n. سِخْرِىٌّ and سُخْرِىٌّ , he constrained him to do what he did not desire; compelled him: (K:) or سخّرهُ , he made use of him without compensation, (A, Msb,) فِى العَمَلِ [in work]. (Msb.) You say, تَسَخَّرْتُ دَابَّةً لِفُلَانٍ I rode a beast belonging to such a one without recompense. (TA.) He brought him under, or into subjection; rendered him subservient, submissive, tractable, or manageable. (S, K.) You say, سخّر ٱللّٰهُ الإِبِلَ God hath made the camels subservient, or submissive, and manageable. (Msb.) And in the Kur [xiv. 37], it is said, وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ ٱلشَّمْسَ وَٱلْقَمَرَ And He hath made subservient to you, or submissive for you, the sun and the moon [to run their appointed courses]. (TA.) سُخِّرَ لَهُ [as also تُسُخِّرَ له ] signifies It (anything) was rendered submissive or manageable or practicable, to him, or prepared or disposed for him agreeably with his desire. (TA.) You say also, سخّر ٱللّٰهُ السَّفِينَةَ , inf. n. تَسْخِيرٌ , God made the ship to obey and to run its course; to have a good wind and voyage. (TA.) سَخَّرَهَا عَلَيْهِمْ , in the Kur lxix. 7, means He sent it upon them by force; namely, the wind: (Jel:) or made it to prevail against them by his power. (Bd.)
Form 5تَسَخَّرَ1 sense

Core sense — he compelled him to work without pay; he made him subservientgenerated

5.1

See form 2, in three places.

Show Lane's original text
see 2, in three places.
Form 10إِسْتَسْخَرَ1 sense

Core sense — he mocked at him, scoffed at him, derided himgenerated

10.1

See form 1, in two places.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 10
37:14
وَإِذَا رَأَوْا۟ ءَايَةً يَسْتَسْخِرُونَ

And, when they see a Sign, turn it to mockery,

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
see 1, in two places.

Derived nouns 7

Nounسُخْرَةٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a laughingstock; one compelled to work without paygenerated

1they made him a laughingstock—اِتَّخَذُوهُ سُِحْرِيًّا

One who is mocked at, scoffed at, laughed at, or derided; a laughingstock. سِخْرِىٌّ and سُخْرِىٌّ are used in the same sense.

Here the word is used as a singular.

they are laughingstocks to you—هُمْ لَكَ سُِخْرِىٌّ

Here it is used as a plural, in the masculine form.

they are laughingstocks to you—سُِخْرِيَّةٌ

Here it is used as a plural, in the feminine form.

on this sense The word occurs in the Qur'ān — see 23:112, 38:63, and 43:31 — with damm and with kesr according to different readings.

1.1these are persons made use of without payment for the Sultan—هٰؤُلَآءِ سُخْرَةٌ لِلسُّلْطَانِ

Also one who is constrained, or compelled, to do what he does not want, or to work without recompense or pay; said of a servant and of a beast. سُخْرِىٌّ and سِخْرِىٌّ are used in the same sense.

Or only the first of those two words has this meaning, while the second — and sometimes the first as well — has the meaning given just before it.

سُخْرَةٌ is also used as a plural.

It also means one who employs a person, or a beast, that he has subjected or compelled to obey him, without recompense or pay; [or this is a mistake, and the correct meaning is] one who is so employed by the man who has subjected him.

1.2

It is also synonymous with تَسْخِيرٌ [maṣdar of form 2], as stated under سمع.

Show Lane's original text
One who is mocked at, scoffed at, laughed at, derided, or ridiculed; a laughingstock; (S, A, K;) as also سِخْرِىٌّ and سُخْرِىٌّ ; (Az, A;) which are used as sing., as in the phrase اِتَّخَذُوهُ سُِحْرِيًّا they made him a laughingstock; (A;) and as pl., as in هُمْ لَكَ سُِخْرِىٌّ , and also سُِخْرِيَّةٌ , the former being masc. and the latter fem., they are to thee laughingstocks; the former occurring in the Kur [see xxiii. 112, and xxxviii. 63, and xliii. 31,] with damm and with kesr accord. to different readings. (Az, TA.) Also One who is constrained, or compelled, to do what he does not desire, or to work, without recompense, or hire, or wages; (JK, S, * Mgh, * Msb, * K, * TA;) applied to a servant, (JK, S, Msb,) and to a beast; (JK, Msb;) as also سُخْرِىٌّ (Msb, K) and سِخْرِىٌّ ; (K) or the former of these, only, is used in this sense; and the latter, and sometimes the former also, in the sense immediately preceding: (TA:) and سُخْرَةٌ is also used as a pl., (JK, A,) as in the phrase هٰؤُلَآءِ سُخْرَةٌ لِلسُّلْطَانِ these are persons made use of without compensation for the Sultán: (JK, * A:) it also signifies one who employs any person, (K, TA,) or beast, (TA,) that he has subjected, or compelled to obey him, without recompense, or hire, or wages: (K, TA:) [or this is a mistake, and the correct signification is] one who is so employed by him who has subjected him. (L.) It is also syn. with تَسْخِيرٌ [inf. n. of 2]. (TA in art. سمع .)
Nounسُخَرَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — one who mocks at, or derides, others muchgenerated

1

One who mocks at, scoffs at, laughs at, or derides others much. [See also مَسْخَرَةٌ.]

Show Lane's original text
One who mocks at, scoffs at, laughs at, derides, or ridicules, others, (S, K,) much. (S.) [See also مَسْخَرَةٌ .]
Nounسُخْرِىٌّ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — mockery, scoffing, derision, ridiculegenerated

1

Mockery, scoffing, derision, or ridicule; سِخْرِىٌّ and سُِخْرِيَّةٌ have the same meaning.

1.1

See also سُخْرَةٌ, in three places.

Show Lane's original text
and سِخْرِىٌّ (T, S, Msb, K) and سُِخْرِيَّةٌ (T, S, K) Mockery; scoff; derision; ridicule. (T, S, Msb, K.) See also سُخْرَةٌ , in three places.
Nounسُخَّرٌ1 sense

Core sense — a certain herb, or leguminous plant, of Khurāsāngenerated

1

A certain herb, or leguminous plant, in Khurāsān. AHn: it is the same as سَيْكُرَانٌ [q. v.].

Show Lane's original text
A certain herb, or leguminous plant, (Sgh, K,) in Khurásán; (K;) accord. to AHn, i. q. سَيْكُرَانٌ [q. v.]. (TA.)
Nounسُفُنٌ سَوَاخِرُ1 sense

Core sense — ships obeying, and having a good windgenerated

1figurative · مجاز

Ships obeying, and having a good wind; [plural of سَفِينَةٌ سَاخِرَةٌ].

Show Lane's original text
[pl. of سَفِينَةٌ سَاخِرَةٌ ] Ships obeying, and having a good wind. (S.)
Nounمَسْخَرَةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a cause of mockery, or derision; one who mocks at othersgenerated

1[Many occasions of mockery men reckon occasions of boasting, or glorying]—رُبَّ مَسَاخِرَ يَعُدُّهَا النَّاسُ مَفَاخِرَ

[An occasion, or a cause, of mockery, scoffing, derision, or ridicule]; plural مَسَاخِرُ.

[He is a cause of mockery]—هُوَ مَسْخَرَةٌ

[See also مَخْسَرَةٌ.]

1.1

Also one who mocks at, scoffs at, laughs at, or derides others. [See also سُخَرَةٌ.]

Show Lane's original text
[An occasion, or a cause, of mockery, scoffing, derision, or ridicule]: pl. مَسَاخِرُ . (A.) You say رُبَّ مَسَاخِرَ يَعُدُّهَا النَّاسُ مَفَاخِرَ [Many occasions of mockery, &c., men reckon occasions of boasting, or glorying]. (A.) And هُوَ مَسْخَرَةٌ [He is a cause of mockery, &c.]. (A.) [See also مَخْسَرَةٌ .] Also One who mocks at, scoffs at, laughs at, derides, or ridicules, others. (A.) [See also سُخَرَةٌ .]
Nounمُسَخَّرٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — constrained, compelled, made subservient and managedgenerated

1

Any one that is constrained, or compelled, [brought into subjection, or made subservient or submissive,] and managed, unable to free himself from constraint.

1.1[And the stars are made subservient, or submissive,] running their courses—وَٱلنُّجُومُ مُسَخَّرَاتٌ بِأَمْرِهِ

In the Qur'ān 16:12.

Qur’ān 16:12 approximate — somewhere between 16:9 and 16:34 Lane cites “Kur xvi. 12”
Qur’ān 16:12 the verse Lane’s citation points to, and it uses this root
وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ ٱلَّيْلَ وَٱلنَّهَارَ وَٱلشَّمْسَ وَٱلْقَمَرَ ۖ وَٱلنُّجُومُ مُسَخَّرَٰتٌۢ بِأَمْرِهِۦٓ ۗ إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَـَٔايَـٰتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ

He has made subject to you the Night and the Day; the sun and the moon; and the stars are in subjection by His Command: verily in this are Signs for men who are wise.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

Qur’ānic occurrences مُسَخَّر
2:164
إِنَّ فِى خَلْقِ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَٱخْتِلَـٰفِ ٱلَّيْلِ وَٱلنَّهَارِ وَٱلْفُلْكِ ٱلَّتِى تَجْرِى فِى ٱلْبَحْرِ بِمَا يَنفَعُ ٱلنَّاسَ وَمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مِن مَّآءٍ فَأَحْيَا بِهِ ٱلْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا وَبَثَّ فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ دَآبَّةٍ وَتَصْرِيفِ ٱلرِّيَـٰحِ وَٱلسَّحَابِ ٱلْمُسَخَّرِ بَيْنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ لَـَٔايَـٰتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ

Behold! in the creation of the heavens and the earth; in the alternation of the night and the day; in the sailing of the ships through the ocean for the profit of mankind; in the rain which Allah Sends down from the skies, and the life which He gives therewith to an earth that is dead; in the beasts of all kinds that He scatters through the earth; in the change of the winds, and the clouds which they Trail like their slaves between the sky and the earth;- (Here) indeed are Signs for a people that are wise.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
Any one that is constrained, or compelled, [brought into subjection, or made subservient or submissive,] and managed, unable to free himself from constraint. (TA.) وَٱلنُّجُومُ مُسَخَّرَاتٌ بِأَمْرِهِ [in the Kur xvi. 12 means And the stars are made subservient, or submissive,] running their courses. (Az, TA.)