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سب

Form 1 · Form 2 · Form 3 · Form 5 · Form 6 · Form 8 · Form 10 · Form R. Q. 1 · Form R. Q. 2  ·  31 entries  ·  Qur'ānic frequency 11

Form 1سَبَّهُ4 senses · 1 main
muḍāriʿـُيَفْعُلُmaṣdarسَبٌّ

Core sense — he cut him; he reviled him, defamed himgenerated

1.1

He cut him, or it.

.

1.1.1he wounded him; or hamstrung him—عَقَرَهُ
1.1.2figurative · مجاز

He pierced him in the سَبَّةٌ, that is, the اِسْت. The muḍāriʿ and the maṣdar are as above.

[See an example in a verse cited in the first paragraph of art. سر.]

1.1.3he reviled him, vilified him, reproached him, or defamed him—سَبَّهُ

Maṣdar سَبٌّ and سِبِّيبَى [but the latter, by analogy, has an intensive meaning]. From the same verb in the first sense explained in this article.

he reviled him, or vilified him, much—سبّبهُ

Or it means he reviled him much; the same as أَكْثَرَ سَبَّهُ, or more than سَبَّهُ.

Lane cites “Bd in vi. 108” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given
Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1
6:108
وَلَا تَسُبُّوا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ فَيَسُبُّوا۟ ٱللَّهَ عَدْوًۢا بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ زَيَّنَّا لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ عَمَلَهُمْ ثُمَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِم مَّرْجِعُهُمْ فَيُنَبِّئُهُم بِمَا كَانُوا۟ يَعْمَلُونَ

Revile not ye those whom they call upon besides Allah, lest they out of spite revile Allah in their ignorance. Thus have We made alluring to each people its own doings. In the end will they return to their Lord, and We shall then tell them the truth of all that they did.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
, (S, M, K,) [aor. سَبُبَ ,] inf. n. سَبٌّ , (M,) He cut him, or it. (S, M, K.) And i. q. عَقَرَهُ [i. e. He wounded him; or hocked, houghed, or hamstrung, him; &c.]. (S, * K.) And, (S, M, K,) aor. as above, (S, TA,) and so the inf. n., (M, TA,) He pierced him in the سَبَّةٌ , i. e. the اِسْت . (S, M, K, TA.) [See an ex. in a verse cited in the first paragraph of art. سر .] Also سَبَّهُ , (S, M, A, Msb, K,) aor. as above, (S, M,) inf. n. سَبٌّ (S, M, Msb, K) and سِبِّيبَى , (K,) [but the latter, accord. to analogy, has an intensive signification,] He reviled him, vilified him, upbraided him, reproached him, defamed him, or gave a bad name to him; (S, M, A, MA, K, Bd in vi. 108, &c.;) from the same verb in the first of the senses expl. in this art.; (M;) as also سبّبهُ ; (K;) or the latter signifies he reviled him, vilified him, &c., much; syn. أَكْثَرَ سَبَّهُ ; (M;) or is more than سَبَّهُ ( أَكْثَرُ مِنْ سَبَّهُ ). (TA.)
Form 2سَبَّبَ2 senses
maṣdarتَسْبِيبٌ

Core sense — he prepared a means, or cause; he caused, or occasionedgenerated

2.1

See the entry immediately before this one.

2.2figurative · مجازhe made, or prepared, a means, or cause, of accomplishing the thing—سبّب لِلْأَمْرِ

.

he, or it, caused, or occasioned—سبّب
may God prepare for you a means of attaining good, or prosperity—سَبَّبَ ٱللّٰهُ لَكَ سَبَبَ خَيْرٍ
he made a channel for the water—سبّب لِلْمَآءِ مَجْرًى
Show Lane's original text
see what next precedes. سبّب لِلْأَمْرِ , (MA,) inf. n. تَسْبِيبٌ , (KL, PS,) He made, or appointed, or prepared, a means, or cause, (MA, KL, PS,) of attaining, or accomplishing, the thing, or affair. (MA.) [And سبّب , alone, He, or it, caused or, occasioned.] You say, سَبَّبَ ٱللّٰهُ لَكَ سَبَبَ خَيْرٍ [May God make, or appoint, or prepare, for thee a means of attaining good, or prosperity]. (A, TA.) And سبّب لِلْمَآءِ مَجْرًى He made, or prepared, a channel for the water. (A, TA.)
Form 3سابّهُ1 sense
maṣdarسِبَابٌ

Core sense — he reviled him and was reviled by himgenerated

3.1between them two is mutual reviling—بَيْنَهُمَا سِبَابٌ

He reviled him, vilified him, reproached him, or defamed him, being reviled by him in turn. Maṣdars سِبَابٌ and مُسَابَّةٌ.

jesting is the mutual reviling of the foolish, or stupid—المِزَاحُ سِبَابُ النَّوْكَى
the mutual reviling of the Muslim is a departure from obedience to God—سبَابُ المُسْلِمِ فُسُوقٌ

Said in a tradition; so El-Munáwee in his commentary on the Jāmiʿ eṣ-Ṣagheer of Es-Suyootee.

Show Lane's original text
, inf. n. سِبَابٌ (S, * M, A, Msb, K *) and مُسَابَّةٌ , (M, Msb, KL, TA,) He reviled him, vilified him, upbraided him, reproached him, defamed him, or gave a bad name to him, (M, A, KL, TA,) being reviled, &c., by him. (M, A, TA.) You say, بَيْنَهُمَا سِبَابٌ Between them two is mutual reviling, &c. (A.) And المِزَاحُ سِبَابُ النَّوْكَى [Jesting is the mutual reviling, &c., of those that are foolish, or stupid]. (A, TA.) And it is said in a trad., سبَابُ المُسْلِمِ فُسُوقٌ (TA) The mutual reviling of the Muslim is a departure from obedience to God. (El-Munáwee in his Expos. of the Jámi' es-Sagheer of Es-Suyootee.)
Form 5تسبّب3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — he used it as a means; it was caused, or occasionedgenerated

5.1figurative · مجاز — inferredthe property of the spoil was caused to accrue—تسبّب مَالُ الفَىْءِ

As quasi-passive of form 2: it was made, or prepared, as a means, or cause, of accomplishing a thing, followed by لِأَمْرٍ; and it was caused, or occasioned.

The property meant is that termed فَىْء.

What causes the property to be obtained — as the leaving of their homes by unbelievers, or their making peace with Muslim invaders on condition of paying a poll-tax or the like — is made a means of the property accruing to those entitled to it among the recipients of the فَىْء.

[See also form 10.]

5.1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredhe used it as a means of accomplishing a thing—تسبّب بِهِ إِلَى شَىْءٍ
I use such a one as a means of access to you—أَتَسَبَّبُ بِفُلَانٍ إِلَيْكَ

So in art. ذرع.

5.1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredhe trafficked—تسبّب

Used in this way in the present day, because trafficking is a using of means to get a living.

Show Lane's original text
[as quasi-pass. of 2, It was, or became, made, or appointed, or prepared, as a means, or cause, of attaining, or accomplishing a thing, or an affair; followed by لِأَمْرٍ . And It was, or became, caused, or occasioned]. You say, تسبّب مَالُ الفَىْءِ [The property of the spoil, or acquisition, or tribute, termed فَىْء was caused, or occasioned, to accrue]: for that whereby the property is caused, or occasioned, [to be obtained, as the abandonment of their abodes by unbelievers, or their making peace with Muslim invaders on the condition of paying a poll-tax or the like,] is made a means, or cause, of the accruing of the property to those to whom it is due of the recipients of the فَىْء (Az, TA.) [See also 10.] تسبّب بِهِ إِلَى شَىْءٍ He made use of it as a means, or cause, of attaining, or accomplishing, a thing. (M.) And أَتَسَبَّبُ بِفُلَانٍ إِلَيْكَ [I make use of such a one as a means of access to thee]. (TA in art. ذرع .) [Hence, in the present day, تسبّب is used as meaning He trafficked; because trafficking is a using means to procure subsistence.]
Form 6تَسَابَّا2 senses · 1 main
maṣdarتَسَابٌّ

Core sense — they reviled one another; they cut one anothergenerated

6.1they two cut each other, or they cut one another—تسابّوا

.

6.1.1they reviled, vilified, reproached, or defamed one another—تسابّوا

From sense 1, last part; maṣdar as above.

they reviled one another—استبّوا
between them is a thing with which they revile one another—بَيْنَهُمْ أُسْبُوبَةٌ يَتَسَابُّونَ بِهَا

The thing meant is reviling, or vilifying, speech.

Show Lane's original text
, (K,) [or تسابّوا ,] inf. n. تَسَابٌّ , (S,) They two cut each other, (S, * K,) [or they (i. e. more than two persons) cut one another.] [Hence, (see 1, last sentence,)] تسابّوا , (S, M, A, MA, K,) inf. n. as above; (S;) and استبّوا ; (A, MA;) They reviled, vilified, upbraided, reproached, defamed, or gave bad names to, one another. (S, M, A, MA.) And بَيْنَهُمْ أُسْبُوبَةٌ يَتَسَابُّونَ بِهَا (S, M, A, * TA) Between them is a thing [meaning reviling or vilifying speech] with which they revile, or vilify, &c., one another. (M, TA.)
Form 8إِسْتَبَبَ1 sense

Core sense — they reviled one anothergenerated

8.1

See the preceding entry, form 6.

Show Lane's original text
see the next preceding paragraph.
Form 10استسبّ لِأَبَوَيْهِ2 senses

Core sense — he drew reviling on his two parentsgenerated

10.1do not walk in front of your father, nor sit down before him, nor call him by his name—لَا تَمْشِيَنَّ أَمَامَ أَبِيكَ وَلَا تَجْلِسْ قَبْلَهُ وَلَا تَدَعْهُ بِٱسْمِهِ وَلَا تَسْتَسِبَّ لَهُ

Said in a tradition of Aboo-Hureyreh.

And do not expose him to reviling, or draw reviling to him, by reviling another man's father, for then that man may revile your father in return.

He invited, or drew, reviling to his two parents.

10.2figurative · مجازthe thing, or affair, became caused, or prepared, for him—اِسْتَسْبَبَ لَهُ الأَمْرُ

So explained by IbrD. See also form 5.

Show Lane's original text
[He invited, or attracted, reviling, or vilifying, to his two parents]. (A.) It is said in a trad. of Aboo-Hureyreh, لَا تَمْشِيَنَّ أَمَامَ أَبِيكَ وَلَا تَجْلِسْ قَبْلَهُ وَلَا تَدَعْهُ بِٱسْمِهِ وَلَا تَسْتَسِبَّ لَهُ , i. e. [By no means walk thou before thy father, nor sit down before him, nor call him by his name,] nor expose him to reviling, or attract reviling to him, by reviling another's father, for in that case he may revile thy father in requital to thee. (TA.) اِسْتَسْبَبَ لَهُ الأَمْرُ (A, TA) [The thing, or affair, or event, became caused, or prepared, for him: thus expl. by IbrD: see also 5].
Form R. Q. 1سَبْسَبَ4 senses

Core sense — he went at a gentle pace; he severed his ties of kindred; he made water flowgenerated

R. Q. 1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

He severed his tie, or ties, of relationship, by unkind behaviour to his kindred.

R. Q. 1.2

He went at a gentle pace; so AA.

[Freytag, on the authority of “Hamak. Waked.,” assigns this meaning to تَسَبْسَبَ.]

R. Q. 1.3

He smelt a foul smell.

R. Q. 1.4

He discharged his urine.

He made water flow.

Show Lane's original text
He severed his tie, or ties, of relationship, by unkind behaviour to his kindred. (AA.) He went a gentle pace. (AA. [Freytag, on the authority of “ Hamak. Waked., ” assigns this meaning to تَسَبْسَبَ .]) He smelt a foul smell. (AA.) He discharged his urine. (M, K.) He made water to flow. (K.)
Form R. Q. 2تَسَبْسَبَ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — it ran, or flowed, said of watergenerated

R. Q. 2.1

It ran, or flowed; said of water.

R. Q. 2.1.1

See also form R. Q. 1.

Show Lane's original text
It (water) ran, or flowed. (K.) See also R. Q. 1.

Derived nouns 22

Nounسِبٌّ6 senses · 2 main

Core sense — one who reviles much; a turban; a veil; an oblong piece of clothgenerated

1

One who reviles, vilifies, reproaches, or defames much, being reviled in turn; also مِسَبٌّ.

And simply: one's fellow in mutual reviling; also سَبِيبٌ.

The poet 'Abd-Er-Raḥmán Ibn-Ḥassán, satirizing Miskeen Ed-Dárimee, says: [You shall not revile me, for you are not my fellow-reviler; the one among men who is my fellow in reviling is the generous man]

shāhid
لَا تَسُبَّنَّنِى فَلَسْتَ بِسِبِّىإِنَّ سِبِّى مِنَ الرِّجَالِ الكَرِيمُ

[See also مُسْتَبٌّ and سَبَّابٌ.]

2a veil, or the like—سِتْرٌ
2.1a woman's muffler, or head-covering—خِمَارٌ
2.2

A turban.

El-Mukhabbal Es-Saadee, using it in this sense, says: [And I see many of the people of 'Owf, halting on their journeys, going to and fro again and again to look at Ez-Zibrikán's turban dyed with saffron]

shāhid
وَأَشْهَدُ مِنْ عَوْفٍ حُلُولًا كَثِيرَةًيَحُجُّونَ سِبَّ الزِّبْرِقَانِ المُزَعْفَرَا

It was a custom of the chiefs of the Arabs to dye their turbans with saffron.

Or, as some say, the meaning is his اِسْت [but this is correctly, or more commonly, called سَبَّة].

Ktr says that he was suspect: he holds that Ez-Zibrikán used to tinge his است yellow; but this is a strange saying.

So in art. زبرق.

2.3

This word, and also سَبِيبَةٌ: an oblong piece of cloth — of thin cloth, of thin linen cloth, or of white cloth; or a thin garment, so Aboo-'Omar; or that last meaning belongs to the second word only.

Or it means a linen stuff brought from the region of the Nile, of a kind the merchants commonly call كرخ; some of it is made in Misr, and its length is eight by six [cubits: cubits are meant because the nouns of number here are feminine, and ذِرَاع is feminine].

Or this same word means an oblong piece of cloth of any kind, or, as some say, of linen.

The plural of the first is سُبُوبٌ, and of the second سَبَائِبٌ.

In a verse of 'Alkameh Ibn-'Abadeh the phrase بِسَبَا الكَتَّانِ is used for بِسَبَائِبِ الكتّان.

2.4

See also سَبَبَ, first meaning.

Show Lane's original text
One who reviles, vilifies, upbraids, reproaches, or defames, much, being reviled, &c.; (A'Obeyd, S, M, Msb, * K;) as also مِسَبٌّ . (S, K.) And [simply] One's mutual reviler or vilifier &c.; (A'Obeyd, S, M, K;) as also سَبِيبٌ (M, K.) A poet, (S,) namely, 'Abd-Er-Rahmán Ibn-Hassán, satirizing Miskeen Ed-Dárimee, (TA,) says, 1 [Thou shalt by no means revile me; for thou art not my mutual reviler: verily he, of men, who is my mutual reviler is the generous]. (S, TA.) [See also مُسْتَبٌّ : and سَبَّابٌ .] لَا تَسُبَّنَّنِى فَلَسْتَ بِسِبِّى | إِنَّ سِبِّى مِنَ الرِّجَالِ الكَرِيمُ A veil, or the like; syn. سِتْرٌ . (M.) A woman's muffler, or head-covering; syn. خِمَارٌ . (S, M, Msb, K.) A turban. (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K.) El-Mukhabbal Es-Saadee says, (S, M, Mgh,) using it in this sense, (M, Mgh,) 1 [And I witness many persons of 'Owf, alighting during their journeys, going repeatedly to and fro to see Ez-Zibrikán's turban dyed with saffron]: (S, M, Mgh:) for it was a custom of the chiefs of the Arabs to dye their turbans with saffron: or, as some say, the meaning is his اِسْت ; [but this is correctly, or more commonly, termed سَبَّة ;] and Ktr asserts that he was suspected: (M:) he says that Ez-Zibrikán used to tinge his است yellow; but this is a strange saying. (TA in art. زبرق .) وَأَشْهَدُ مِنْ عَوْفٍ حُلُولًا كَثِيرَةً | يَحُجُّونَ سِبَّ الزِّبْرِقَانِ المُزَعْفَرَا Also, and سَبِيبَةٌ , An oblong piece (S, M, K) of cloth, (M,) or of thin cloth, (K,) or of thin linen cloth, (S,) or of white cloth: (M:) or a thin garment: (Aboo-'Omar, TA:) or so the latter word: (M:) or this signifies a linen stuff that is brought from the region of the Nile, of a kind commonly known among the merchants by [the name of] كرخ , some of which are made in Misr, and their length is eight by six [cubits: cubits being meant because the ns. of number here are fem., and ذِرَاع is fem.]: (Sh, TA:) or this same word signifies an oblong piece of cloth of any kind, or, as some say, of linen: (TA:) the pl. of the former is سُبُوبٌ ; (S, K, TA;) and of the latter, سَبَائِبٌ : (S, M, K, TA:) in a verse of 'Alkameh Ibn-'Abadeh, the phrase بِسَبَا الكَتَّانِ is used for بِسَبَائِبِ الكتّان . (M.) See also سَبَبَ , first signification.
Nounسَبَّةٌ2 senses

Core sense — the buttocks, or anus; a long space of timegenerated

1figurative · مجازthe buttocks, or the anus—اِسْتٌ

So called because it is spoken of with disapproval.

[See also سِبٌّ.]

2figurative · مجاز — inferreda space, or long space, of time that has passed—مَضَتْ سَبَّةٌ مِنَ الدَّهْرِ

So termed because time is always complained of.

The same is said of سَنْبَةٌ, in which the ن is said to be a substitute for the first ب of سَبَّةٌ, as it is substituted in the case of إِجَّاصٌ and إِنْجَاصٌ, because it is asserted — though this is contradicted — that there is no word whose radical letters are سنب.

I have not seen him for a long space of time—مَا رَأَيْتُهُ مُنْذُ سَبَّةٍ

Like the phrase مُنْذُ سَنْبَةٍ.

we lived in it a long space of time—عِشْنَا بِهَا سَبَّةً

Also said as سَنْبَةً.

a spell of some days of heat came upon us—أَصَابَتْنَا سَبَّةٌ مِنَ الحَرِّ
a spell of some days of cold came upon us—البَرْدِ
a spell of some days of serene weather came upon us—الصَّحْوِ
a spell of some days of gentle wind came upon us—الرَّوْحِ

[The plural is سِبَابٌ.]

time consists of turns: one turn is like this, and one is like that—الدَّهْرُ سِبَابٌ
Show Lane's original text
i. q. اِسْتٌ [The podex, or the anus]: (S, M, A, K:) because it is discommended. (A.) [See also سِبٌّ .] مَضَتْ سَبَّةٌ مِنَ الدَّهْرِ A space, or long space, of time passed; (S, M, A;) [thus termed] because time is always complained of; (A;) and so سَنْبَةٌ , in which the ن is [said to be] a substitute for the [former] ب of سَبَّةٌ , in like manner as it is substituted in the case of إِجَّاصٌ and إِنْجَاصٌ ; because [it is asserted, though this is contradicted, that] there is no word of which the radical letters are سنب . (M.) And مَا رَأَيْتُهُ مُنْذُ سَبَّةٍ I have not seen him for, or during, a space, or long space, of time; (S, K; *) like as you say مُنْذُ سَنْبَةٍ . (S.) And عِشْنَا بِهَا سَبَّةً and سَنْبَةً We lived in it a space, or long space, of time. (Ks, TA.) And أَصَابَتْنَا سَبَّةٌ مِنَ الحَرِّ , and البَرْدِ , and الصَّحْوِ , (K, * TA,) and الرَّوْحِ , (TA,) A period of some days' continuance [of heat, and of cold and of serene weather, and of gentle wind, betided us]. (K, TA.) [The pl. is سِبَابٌ .] One says, الدَّهْرُ سِبَابٌ Time consists of vicissitudes; one turn is thus, and one is thus. (ISh, TA.)
Nounسُبَّةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a disgrace, a shame; a cause of being reviledgenerated

1this thing became a disgrace to him, bringing reviling on him—صَارَ هٰذَا الأَمْرُ سُبَّةً عَلَيْهِ
you are a disgrace to your people—أَنْتَ سُبَّةٌ عَلَى قَوْمِكَ
a cause of reviling, or of being reviled—مَسَبَّةٌ

A disgrace; a shame; a thing that brings reviling on one.

A word of the class of مَبْخَلَةٌ and مَجْبَنَةٌ, being originally مَسْبَبَةٌ.

This is shown by the saying of Tufeyl El-Ghanawee, cited in art. عقب: [And the people did not find in us a cause of reviling, or of being reviled]

shāhid
فَلَمْ يَجِدِ الأَقْوَامُ فِينَا مَسَبَّةً

Plural مَسَابُّ.

avoid the cause of reviling, or of being reviled—إِيَّاكَ وَالمَسَبَّةَ
avoid the causes of reviling, or of being reviled—المَسَابَّ
1.1

Also: one whom people revile much.

See also سُبَبَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
A disgrace; a shame; a thing that occasions one's being reviled. (S, M, A, K.) One says, صَارَ هٰذَا الأَمْرُ سُبَّةً عَلَيْهِ This thing became a disgrace to him, occasioning his being reviled. (S.) And أَنْتَ سُبَّةٌ عَلَى قَوْمِكَ [Thou art a disgrace to thy people]. (A.) [And مَسَبَّةٌ , in like manner, (a word of the class of مَبْخَلَةٌ and مَجْبَنَةٌ , being originally مَسْبَبَةٌ ,) signifies A cause of reviling, or of being reviled; as is shown by the saying of Tufeyl El-Ghanawee, cited in the TA in art. عقب , 1 And the people did not find in us a cause of reviling, or of being reviled: pl. مَسَابُّ .] One says, إِيَّاكَ وَالمَسَبَّةَ and المَسَابَّ [Beware thou of, or avoid thou, the cause of reviling or of being reviled, and the causes thereof]. (A.) فَلَمْ يَجِدِ الأَقْوَامُ فِينَا مَسَبَّةً Also One whom people revile (S, K) much. (K.) See also سُبَبَةٌ .
Nounالسِّبَّةُ1 sense

Core sense — reviling, abusegenerated

1

See السَّبَّابَةُ.

Show Lane's original text
: see السَّبَّابَةُ .
Nounسَبَبٌ6 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a rope; a means, or cause; a road, or way; a tie of affinitygenerated

1let him stretch a rope to the roof of his dwelling, then let him die strangled—فَلْيَمْدُدْ بِسَبَبٍ إِلَى ٱلسَّمَآءِ ثُمَّ لِيَقْطَعْ

A rope, or cord; also سِبٌّ, the latter of the dialect of Hudheyl.

The latter occurs in this sense in a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb cited under خَيْطَةٌ, where some take it to mean a wooden peg, [a meaning assigned to it in the K,] but the first meaning is the correct one.

The plural of both words is أَسْبَابٌ, and the second word has also the plural سُبُوبٌ.

Or سَبَبٌ means any rope let down from above; or a strong and long rope, but no rope is so called except one by which one goes up and comes down. Khálid Ibn-Jembeh.

Or the name is given only to a rope one end of which is fastened to a roof or ceiling or the like; or to one by which one climbs palm-trees. Er-Rāghib.

And a rope by which one reaches, or gains access to, water.

In the Qur'ān 22:15. That is, let him die of rage.

Or, as some say: let him stretch a rope to the lowest heaven, then let him cross the space between until he reaches the highest part of it.

The saying

shāhid
جَبَّتْ نِسَآءَ العَالَمِينَ بِالسَّبَبْ

has been explained in art. جب; there a rope or cord may be meant, or a string, or thread.

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredI made such a one a means of access in the matter of my need—جَعَلْتُ فُلَانًا لِى سَبَبًا إِلَى فُلَانٌ فِى حَاجَتِى
the places of ascent of the sky; or its tracts; or its gates—أَسْبَابُ السَّمَآءِ

Hence: anything of any kind by means of which one attains, reaches, or gains access to something else; plural as above.

Ibn-Es-Seed. [See an example in a verse cited under ثَمَانُونَ.]

he attained to excellence in religion—اِرْتَقَى فِى الأَسْبَابِ
1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredthen he followed a road, or way—ثُمَّ ٱتَّبَعَ سَبَبًا
there is no road, or way, for me to him, or to it—مَا لِى إِلَيْهِ سَبَبٌ
a road, or way—سَبِيبَةٌ

A road, or way. Mentioned in the A among the proper, not figurative, meanings.

In the Qur'ān 18:88 and 91.

Plural سَبَائِبُ.

Qur’ān 18:89 approximate — somewhere between 18:80 and 18:110 Lane cites “Kur xviii. 88”
Qur’ān 18:89 the verse Lane’s citation points to, and it uses this root
ثُمَّ أَتْبَعَ سَبَبًا

Then followed he (another) way,Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

1.3figurative · مجازthis is the cause, or occasion, of this—هٰذَا سَبَبُ هٰذَا
because of him, or it, it was so, or such a thing happened—بِسَبَبِهِ كَانَ كَذَا

A means used towards some end; a means by which a thing is brought about; a cause, but more properly only a second cause; an occasion, or accidental cause; and a reason, or motive.

So in art. اجل.

may God prepare for you a means, or cause, of good, or prosperity—سَبَّبَ ٱللّٰهُ لَكَ سَبَبَ خَيْرٍ
1.4figurative · مجاز — inferredthe tie of affinity between them was severed—اِنْقَطَعَ بَيْنَهُمُ السَّبَبُ

A connexion, or tie, of relationship by marriage, as distinguished from نَسَبٌ, which is by birth; from the same word as meaning a rope by which one reaches water.

the connexions, or ties, of affinity—الأَسْبَابُ
and their ties and affections shall be cut apart—وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ الأَسْبَابُ

In the Qur'ān 2:161; so I'Ab. Or, according to AZ: and their places of abode shall be divided apart.

God cut short his life—قَطَعَ ٱللّٰهُ بِهِ السَّبَبَ
Qur’ān 2:166 matched to Lane’s own quotation of it Lane cites “Kur ii. 161”
Qur’ān 2:166 Lane quotes this verse
إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتُّبِعُوا۟ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّبَعُوا۟ وَرَأَوُا۟ ٱلْعَذَابَ وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ ٱلْأَسْبَابُ

Then would those who are followed clear themselves of those who follow (them): They would see the penalty, and all relations between them would be cut off.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

1.5figurative · مجاز — inferreda light cord—سَبَبٌ خَفِيفٌ

Also, from the same word as meaning the cord, or rope, of a بَيْت — properly a tent, and figuratively a verse — a portion, or division, of a foot of a verse, consisting of a vowelled letter and a sākin letter; and also one consisting of two vowelled letters. Plural أَسْبَابٌ. [In some copies of the K the latter kind is not mentioned.]

A vowelled letter followed by a sākin letter; as قُمْ and مِنْ.

a heavy cord—سَبَبٌ ثَقِيلٌ

Two vowelled letters; as لَكَ and لِمَ.

two conjoined cords—سَبَبَانِ مَقْرُونَانِ

Two portions in which there are three successive short vowels followed by a sākin letter; as مُتَفَا in مُتَفَاعِلُنْ and عَلَتُنْ in مُفَاعَلَتُنْ.

two disjoined cords—سَبَبَانِ مَفْرُوقَانِ

Two portions, each consisting of a vowelled letter and a sākin letter, followed by a vowelled letter; as مُسْتَفْ in مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ and عِيلُنْ in مَفَاعِيلُنْ.

Qur’ānic occurrences سَبَب 5 shown of 9
18:84
إِنَّا مَكَّنَّا لَهُۥ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ وَءَاتَيْنَـٰهُ مِن كُلِّ شَىْءٍ سَبَبًا

Verily We established his power on earth, and We gave him the ways and the means to all ends.

18:85
فَأَتْبَعَ سَبَبًا

One (such) way he followed,

18:89
ثُمَّ أَتْبَعَ سَبَبًا

Then followed he (another) way,

18:92
ثُمَّ أَتْبَعَ سَبَبًا

Then followed he (another) way,

40:36
وَقَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ يَـٰهَـٰمَـٰنُ ٱبْنِ لِى صَرْحًا لَّعَلِّىٓ أَبْلُغُ ٱلْأَسْبَـٰبَ

Pharaoh said: "O Haman! Build me a lofty palace, that I may attain the ways and means-

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
A rope, or cord; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) as also سِبٌّ ; (S, M, K;) the latter of the dial. of Hudheyl, (S,) and occurring in this sense in a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb cited voce خَيْطَةٌ ; (S, M;) accord. to some, as there meaning a wooden peg, [a meaning assigned to it in the K,] but the former is the correct meaning: (M:) the pl. of both words is أَسْبَابٌ , (M, TA, *) [and] the pl. of the latter word is سُبُوبٌ (S, TA) also: (TA:) or سَبَبٌ signifies any rope let down, or made to descend, from above: (AO, TA:) or a strong and long rope, but no rope is so called except one by means of which one ascends and descends: (Khálid Ibn-Jembeh, TA:) or this appellation is only given to a rope of which one end is attached to a roof or ceiling or the like: (TA:) or one by means of which one ascends palm-trees: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [and] a rope by means of which one reaches, or gains access to, water. (TA.) فَلْيَمْدُدْ بِسَبَبٍ إِلَى ٱلسَّمَآءِ ثُمَّ لِيَقْطَعْ , in the Kur [xxii. 15], means Let him stretch a rope to the roof, or ceiling, of his dwelling; then let him die strangled: i. e. let him die of rage: (M, TA:) or, as some say, let him stretch a rope to the lowest heaven; then let him traverse the intervening space until he reach the highest part thereof. (Bd.) The saying 1 has been expl. in art. جب : in this instance, a rope or cord, may be meant; or a string, or thread. (M, TA.) جَبَّتْ نِسَآءَ العَالَمِينَ بِالسَّبَبْ Hence, (Msb,) A thing (S, M, Msb, K) of any kind (S, Msb, K) by means of which one attains, reaches, or gains access to another thing: (S, M, Msb, K:) pl. as above. (M.) One says, جَعَلْتُ فُلَانًا لِى سَبَبًا إِلَى فُلَانٌ فِى حَاجَتِى , i. e. [I made such a one] a means of access [to such a one in the case of my want]. (TA.) Hence, (M,) أَسْبَابُ السَّمَآءِ The places of ascent of the heaven, or sky: (M, K:) or the tracts, or regions, thereof: (S, K:) or the gates thereof. (Ibn-Es-Seed, K. [See an ex. in a verse cited voce ثَمَانُونَ .]) And the saying, اِرْتَقَى فِى الأَسْبَابِ , meaning He excelled [or attained to excellence] in religion. (M.) A road, or way. (A. [There mentioned among proper, not tropical, significations.]) So in the saying, in the Kur xviii. 88 and 91, ثُمَّ ٱتَّبَعَ سَبَبًا [Then he followed a road, or way]. (Bd.) [And] so in the saying, مَا لِى إِلَيْهِ سَبَبٌ [There is not for me any road, or way, to him, or it]. (A.) So too سَبِيبَةٌ : pl. سَبَائِبُ . (Ham p. 347.) [ A mean, or means, used in order to any end: a means by which a thing is brought about: a cause; but more properly only a second cause: an occasion, or accidental cause: and a reason, or motive.] One says, هٰذَا سَبَبُ هٰذَا [This is the cause, or occasion, of this]. (Msb.) And بِسَبَبِهِ كَانَ كَذَا [Because of him, or it, it was thus, or such a thing was]. (Msb in art اجل .) And سَبَّبَ ٱللّٰهُ لَكَ سَبَبَ خَيْرٍ [May God appoint, or prepare, for thee a means, or cause, of good, or prosperity]. (A.) A connexion, or tie, (S, A, K, TA,) of relationship (S, K, TA) by marriage; distinguished from نَسَبٌ , which is by birth: from the same word as signifying “ a rope by means of which one reaches, or gains access to, water. ” (TA.) One says, اِنْقَطَعَ بَيْنَهُمُ السَّبَبُ i. e. The connexion, or tie, [of affinity between them was severed,] and الأَسْبَابُ the connexions, or ties. (A) وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ الأَسْبَابُ [in the Kur ii. 161] means, accord. to I'Ab, And their ties and affections [shall be dissundered]: or, accord. to AZ, and their places of abode [shall be divided asunder]. (TA.) [But] قَطَعَ ٱللّٰهُ بِهِ السَّبَبَ means [God cut short, or may God cut short,] his life. (M, K.) Also, [from the same word as signifying the “ cord, or rope, of a بَيْت , ” properly meaning “ tent, ” and tropically “ verse, ”] A portion, or division, of a foot of a verse, consisting of a movent letter and a quiescent letter; and also one consisting of two movent letters: pl. أَسْبَابٌ . (M, K. [In some of the copies of the K, the latter kind is not mentioned.]) سَبَبٌ خَفِيفٌ [A light cord] means a movent letter followed by a quiescent letter; as قُمْ and مِنْ : and سَبَبٌ ثَقِيلٌ [A heavy cord], two movent letters; as لَكَ and لِمَ . (KT.) سَبَبَانِ مَقْرُونَانِ [Two conjoined cords] means two portions in which are three successive short vowels followed by a quiescent letter; as مُتَفَا in مُتَفَاعِلُنْ , and عَلَتُنْ in مُفَاعَلَتُنْ : and سَبَبَانِ مَفْرُوقَانِ [Two disjoined cords], two portions of which each consists of a movent letter and a quiescent letter, and which is followed by a movent letter; as مُسْتَفْ in مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ , and عِيلُنْ in مَفَاعِيلُنْ . (M, TA.)
Nounسُبَبَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — one who reviles peoplegenerated

1do not be a reviler of others, nor one whom others revile—لَا تَكُنْ سُبَبَةً وَلَا سُبَّةً

One who reviles people; also مَسَبَّةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
One who reviles people; (S, K;) as also مَسَبَّةٌ . (K.) One says, لَا تَكُنْ سُبَبَةً وَلَا سُبَّةً [Be not thou a reviler of others, nor one whom others revile]. (A.)
Nounسَبَبِىٌّ1 sense

Core sense — causative, relating to a causegenerated

1

[Causative.]

Show Lane's original text
[ Causative.]
Nounسَبَبِيَّةٌ1 sense

Core sense — causalitygenerated

1

[Causality.]

Show Lane's original text
[ Causality.]
Nounسَبِيبٌ3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — the hair of a horse's forelock, tail, or mane; a lock of hairgenerated

1

See سِبٌّ, second sentence.

2

Also: the hair of the forelock, of the tail, and of the mane, of a horse; the tail is the only one of these meanings given to it by Er-Riyáshee.

Plural أَسَابِيبُ and سَبَائِبُ.

2.1figurative · مجازa woman having long ذوائب—اِمْرَأَةٌ طَوِيلَةُ السَّبَائِبِ

And a lock of hair; also سَبِيبَةٌ, plural سَبَائِبُ, which is also explained as meaning the same as ذَوَائِبُ [apparently hanging locks, or hanging plaits, of hair].

Show Lane's original text
: see سِبٌّ , second sentence. Also The hair of the forelock, (AO, S, M, A, K,) and of the tail, (S, M, A, K,) the latter meaning [only] assigned to it by Er-Riyáshee, (TA,) and of the mane, (S, M, K,) of a horse: (M, A, K:) pl. أَسَابِيبُ and سَبَائِبُ . (A, TA.) And A lock ( خُصْلَة ) of hair; as also سَبِيبَةٌ : (M, K:) pl. سَبَائِبُ : which is also expl. as syn. with ذَوَائِبُ [app. as meaning pendent locks, or pendent plaits, of hair]: (TA:) thus in the phrase اِمْرَأَةٌ طَوِيلَةُ السَّبَائِبِ A woman having the ذوائب long. (A, TA.)
Nounسَبِيبَةٌ5 senses · 2 main

Core sense — an oblong piece of cloth; a lock of hair; a streak of bloodgenerated

1

See سِبٌّ.

1.1

And see سَبِيبٌ.

1.2

And see سَبَبٌ.

1.3figurative · مجازon him are, or were, streaks of blood—عَلَيْهِ سَبَائِبُ الدَّمِ

The singular of سبائب in this sense is سَبِيبَةٌ.

2

Also [trees of the kind called] عضَاه abounding in a place.

Show Lane's original text
see سِبٌّ : and سَبِيبٌ : and سَبَبٌ . عَلَيْهِ سَبَائِبُ الدَّمِ means Upon him are, or were, streaks of blood: (A, TA:) the sing. of سبائب in this sense is سَبِيبَةٌ . (Ham p. 347.) Also [Trees of the kind called] عضَاه abounding in a place. (M, K.)
Nounسَبَّابٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — cutting much, or sharply; one who reviles muchgenerated

1the sword—سَبَّابُ العَرَاقِيبِ

That cuts much, or sharply.

Or it is an adjective applied to the sword, because it cuts the عراقيب [or hock-tendons].

But Z holds it to be figurative, from the meaning that follows; for it is added in the A that it is as though it were hostile to the عراقيب and reviled them.

1.1

[One who reviles much or often; a great reviler: a meaning indicated in the Msb, and of frequent occurrence.]

Show Lane's original text
[That cuts much, or sharply]. سَبَّابُ العَرَاقِيبِ means The sword: (K, TA:) or is an epithet applied to the sword: (A:) because it cuts the عراقيب [or hock-tendons]: (TA:) [but Z holds it to be tropical, from the signification following; for] it is added in the A, as though it were hostile to the عراقيب , and reviled them. (TA.) [One who reviles much or frequently; or a great reviler: a meaning indicated in the Msb, and of frequent occurrence.]
Nounالسَّبَّابَةُ1 sense

Core sense — the index, or fore fingergenerated

1figurative · مجاز

An adjective in which the quality of a noun is predominant: the index, or fore finger; the finger next to the thumb and the middle finger, between these two; also السِّبَّةُ.

So called because one often points with it in reviling.

People praying call it المُسَبِّحَةُ and السَّبَّاحَةُ [because it is raised in asserting the unity of God].

So in the present article and in art. سبح.

Show Lane's original text
, an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant, (M,) [The index, or fore finger;] the finger that is next to the thumb (S, M, A, * Msb, K, TA) and middle-finger; (M, TA;) between these two; (TA;) as also السِّبَّةُ : (K:) so called because one [often] points with it in reviling: (Msb:) called by persons praying المُسَبِّحَةُ and السَّبَّاحَةُ [because it is raised in asserting the unity of God]. (TA in the present art. and in art. سبح .)
Nounسَبْسَبٌ3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — a desert without water or herbage; a tree from which arrows are madegenerated

1

A desert; or a desert in which there is no water, or in which there is neither water nor herbage; the same as مَفَازَةٌ and قَفْرٌ.

Or a tract of land that is level and far-extending.

Or a [desert such as is termed] قَفْر that is far-extending, whether level or not level, rugged or not rugged, without water and without anyone to cheer one by his presence.

Or a land affected with drought, barrenness, or dearth; so Aboo-Kheyreh. And بَسْبَسٌ means the same. Plural سَبَاسِبُ.

A 'Obeyd explains سَبَاسِبُ and بَسَابِسُ as meaning the same as قِفَارٌ [plural of قَفْرٌ].

One also says بَلَدٌ سَبْسَبٌ, the second word being used as an adjective, and بَلَدٌ سَبَاسِبُ, using the plural as though every part of the بَلَد were called a سَبْسَب; or the plural is added to give intensity to the meaning. IAth, under بَلْقَعٌ. But some say سُبَاسِبٌ, with damm, and this is more common, because it is a singular adjective.

2a kind of tree from which arrows are made—سَاسَبٌ

Or سَيْسَبٌ, if the first is not a mistranscription of it.

Or, as in the book of AHn, a tree from which camels' saddles are made.

Ru-beh says, according to one reading — another being given in art. سسب — [She went, and he went, like the rod of the sebsáb, meaning the arrow]

shāhid
رَاحَتْ وَرَاحَ كَعَصَا السَّبْسَابِ

The last word there is a dialectal variant of السَّبْسَب, or the ا is inserted by poetic licence.

2.1a certain festival of the Christians—السَّبَاسِبُ

Perhaps from the meaning above.

Also يَوْمُ السَّبَاسِبِ.

The same as أَيَّامُ السَّعَانِينِ; so Abu-l-'Alà. Or يَوْمُ السَّعَانِينِ [Palm Sunday; now commonly called أَحَدٌ الشَّعَانِين or عِيدُ الشَّعَانِين, with ش].

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A desert; or a desert in which is no water, or in which is neither water nor herbage; syn. مَفَازَةٌ (S, K) and قَفْرٌ : (TA:) or a tract of land level and far-extending: (M, K:) or a [desert such as is termed] قَفْر that is far-extending, whether level or not level, rugged or not rugged, without water and without any one to cheer by his presence: (ISh, TA:) or a land affected with drought, barrenness, or dearth: (Aboo-Kheyreh, TA:) and بَسْبَسٌ signifies the same: (TA:) pl. سَبَاسِبُ : (M, TA:) A 'Obeyd explains سَبَاسِبُ and بَسَابِسُ as syn. with قِفَارٌ , [pl. of قَفْرٌ ]. (TA.) One says also بَلَدٌ سَبْسَبٌ , (S, (K,) [using the latter word as an epithet;] and بَلَدٌ سَبَاسِبُ , (Lh, S, M, K,) thus using the pl. as though he termed every part of the بَلَد a سَبْسَب ; (Lh, M;) or the pl. is added to give intensiveness to the meaning: (IAth, TA voce بَلْقَعٌ , q. v.:) but some say سُبَاسِبٌ , with damm; and this is more common, because it is a sing. epithet. (MF, TA.) Also i. q. سَاسَبٌ [or سَيْسَبٌ (q. v. in art. سسب ), if not a mistranscription for this last], i. e. A kind of tree, from which arrows, or, as in the book of AHn, camels' saddles ( رِحَال ), are made: Ru-beh says, [accord. to one reading, another being given in art. سسب , q. v.,] 1 [She went, and he went, like the rod of the sebsáb, meaning, the arrow]; in which the last word is a dial. var. of السَّبْسَب , or the ا is inserted by poetic license. (TA.) رَاحَتْ وَرَاحَ كَعَصَا السَّبْسَابِ [Hence, perhaps,] السَّبَاسِبُ , (M, K,) or يَوْمُ السَّبَاسِبِ , (S, TA,) A certain festival of the Christians; (S, * TA;) i. q. أَيَّامُ , السَّعَانِينِ , (Abu-l-'Alà, M, K,) or يَوْمُ السَّعَانِينِ [Palm-Sunday; now commonly called أَحَدٌ الشَّعَانِين or عِيدُ الشَّعَانِين , with ش ]. (TA.)
Nounسَبْسَابٌ1 sense

Core sense — a desert without water or herbagegenerated

1

See the preceding entry.

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: see the next preceding paragraph.
Nounسُبَاسِبٌ1 sense

Core sense — a desert without water or herbagegenerated

1

See the preceding entry.

Show Lane's original text
: see the next preceding paragraph.
Nounأُسْبُوبَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — reviling speech with which people revile one anothergenerated

1between them is reviling speech with which they revile one another—بَيْنَهُمْ أُسْبُوبَةٌ يَتَسَابُّونَ بِهَا

A thing, meaning reviling speech, with which people revile one another; like أُهْجُوَّةٌ, the opposite of أُمْدُوحَةٌ. Plural أَسَابِيبُ.

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[like أُهْجُوَّةٌ , contr. of أُمْدُوحَةٌ ,] A thing [meaning reviling speech] with which persons revile one another: (M, TA:) pl. أَسَابِيبُ . (A, TA.) Using it in this sense, (M, TA,) one says, بَيْنَهُمْ أُسْبُوبَةٌ يَتَسَابُّونَ بِهَا [Between them is reviling speech] (S, M, A, * K) with which they revile one another. (M, TA.)
Nounأَسَابِيبُ3 senses

Core sense — locks of hair; the beauties of the facegenerated

1

Plural of سَبِيبٌ.

2

And also plural of أُسْبُوبَةٌ.

3the beauties of the face—أَسَابِيبُ الوَجْهِ

So in art. سر.

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pl. of سَبِيبٌ : and also of أُسْبُوبَةٌ . أَسَابِيبُ الوَجْهِ The beauties of the face. (TA in art. سر .)
Nounمِسَبٌّ1 sense

Core sense — one who reviles much, being reviled in turngenerated

1

See سِبٌّ, first meaning.

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: see سِبٌّ , first signification.
Nounمَسَبَّةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a cause of reviling; a disgracegenerated

1

See سُبَّةٌ, in two places.

1.1

And see سُبَبَةٌ.

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: see سُبَّةٌ , in two places: and سُبَبَةٌ .
Nounمُسَبَّبٌ3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — much reviled; goodly, or excellent, said of camels; caused, occasionedgenerated

1

Much reviled; see its verb.

1.1figurative · مجازgoodly, or excellent—مُسَبَّبَةٌ

Said of camels, or of horses, and of wild asses.

So called because, when admiring them or deeming them excellent, one says of them: may God curse them, قَاتَلَهَا ٱللّٰهُ, and abase them, أَخْزَاهَا — how goodly they are!

2this is caused by that; this is an effect arising from that—هٰذَا مُسَبَّبٌ عَنْ هٰذَا

Also: made, appointed, or prepared, as a means, or cause, of attainment or accomplishment, with لِأَمْرٍ before the thing or affair. And: caused, or occasioned; a thing caused; an effect.

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[Much reviled: see its verb]. مُسَبَّبَةٌ as an epithet applied to camels, (S, K, TA,) or to horses, (A,) and to wild asses, (TA,) means Goodly, or excellent: (S, A, * K, TA:) because (S, TA) they are such that one says of them, (S, A, TA,) when admiring them, (S, TA,) or when deeming them goodly, or excellent, (A,) May God curse them, ( قَاتَلَهَا ٱللّٰهُ , S, A, TA,) and abase them: ( أَخْزَاهَا : A, TA:) how goodly, or excellent, are they! (TA.) [Also Made, appointed, or prepared, as a means, or cause, of attainment or accomplishment, لِأَمْرٍ for a thing, or an affair. And Caused, or occasioned: and a thing caused or occasioned; an effect.] One says, هٰذَا مُسَبَّبٌ عَنْ هٰذَا [This is caused, or occasioned, by that: this is an effect of, or arising from, that]. (Msb.)
Nounمُسَبِّبٌ2 senses

Core sense — one who prepares a means, or cause; a causer; one who reviles muchgenerated

1

Reviling much; see its verb.

2the Appointer, or Preparer, of means or causes; the Causer of causes—مُسَبِّبُ الأَسْبَابِ

An adjective applied to God.

And: making, appointing, or preparing, a means, or cause; causing, or occasioning; a causer.

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[Reviling much: see its verb. And Making, appointing, or preparing, a means, or cause: and causing, or occasioning: and a causer]. مُسَبِّبُ الأَسْبَابِ [The Appointer, or Preparer, of means or causes; or the Causer of causes;] is an epithet applied to God. (S.)
Nounمُسْتَبٌّ1 sense

Core sense — one who reviles and is reviledgenerated

1the two who revile each other are two devils—المُسْتَبَّانِ شَيْطَانَانِ

Said in a tradition; so El-Munáwee in his commentary on the Jāmiʿ eṣ-Ṣagheer of Es-Suyootee.

Ism fāʿil and ism mafʿūl of form 8.

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[act. and pass. part. n. of 8]. It is said in a trad., المُسْتَبَّانِ شَيْطَانَانِ (A, TA) The two mutual revilers are two devils. (El-Munáwee in his Expos. of the Jámi' es-Sagheer of EsSuyootee.)