زهق

Form 1 · Form 2 · Form 3 · Form 4 · Form 7 · 16 entries · Qur'ānic frequency 5

Form 1زَهَقَتْ نَفْسُهُ6 senses · 2 main

muḍāriʿـَيَفْعَلُmaṣdarزُهُوقٌ زَهْقٌ

Core sense — his soul departed; it passed away, or came to nought; he outstrippedgenerated

1.1his soul went forth, or departed; it perished; it died—زَهِقَتْ

IKoot and Hr prefer this second form, but A'Obeyd prefers the first.

which belongs to both verbs, or else to the first, the maṣdar of the second being زَهَقٌ. [But in the K it seems to be indicated, by its being said of the second verb that it is of the class of سَمِعَ, that the maṣdar of this verb is زَهْقٌ.]

اِنْزَهَقَتْ نَفْسُهُ and اِنْزِهَاقُ الرُّوحِ are not of the [classical] language of the Arabs.

In the Qur'ān 9:55 and 86: وَتَزْهَقَ أَنْفُسُهُمْ وَهُمْ كَافِرُونَ [And that their souls may depart while they are unbelievers].

The primary meaning of زُهُوقٌ is going forth, or departing, with difficulty.

Lane cites “Bd in ix. 55” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given

1.1.1figurative · مجازthe thing perished, or came to nought; it became null and void—زَهَقَ الشَّىْءُ

what was false, or vain, passed away, overcome by the truth—زَهَقَ البَاطِلُ

Or, according to Katádeh, الباطل here means the devil.

1.1.2figurative · مجازthe arrow passed beyond the target and fell behind it—زَهَقَ السَّهْمُ

the arrow passed beyond the target and fell behind it—زَهِقَ

Or: it went swiftly.

Some give this meaning only to the first of the two verbs, and make the other synonymous with زَلِقَ [apparently meaning it slid along the ground].

1.1.3figurative · مجازthe horse went before, or outstripped—زَهَقَ الفَرَسُ

the saddle-camel outstripped the horses, or horsemen—زَهَقَتِ الرَّاحِلَةُ

انزهقت means the same.

such a one went before, or outstripped—زَهَقَ فُلَانٌ

he went before us, and outstripped the horses, or horsemen—زَهَقَ بَيْنَ أَيْدِينَا

انزهق means the same.

1.2its marrow became compact and full—زَهَقَ

Said of a bone.. ازهق means the same.

the beast became marrowy in the highest degree—زَهَقَتِ الدَّابَّةُ

With the same muḍāriʿ and maṣdar; its marrow-bones being compacted and full.

1.2.1

Also said of marrow: it became compact and full.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1

9:55

فَلَا تُعْجِبْكَ أَمْوَٰلُهُمْ وَلَآ أَوْلَـٰدُهُمْ ۚ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ لِيُعَذِّبَهُم بِهَا فِى ٱلْحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَتَزْهَقَ أَنفُسُهُمْ وَهُمْ كَـٰفِرُونَ

Let not their wealth nor their (following in) sons dazzle thee: in reality Allah's plan is to punish them with these things in this life, and that their souls may perish in their (very) denial of Allah.

9:85

وَلَا تُعْجِبْكَ أَمْوَٰلُهُمْ وَأَوْلَـٰدُهُمْ ۚ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ أَن يُعَذِّبَهُم بِهَا فِى ٱلدُّنْيَا وَتَزْهَقَ أَنفُسُهُمْ وَهُمْ كَـٰفِرُونَ

Nor let their wealth nor their (following in) sons dazzle thee: Allah's plan is to punish them with these things in this world, and that their souls may perish in their (very) denial of Allah.

17:81

وَقُلْ جَآءَ ٱلْحَقُّ وَزَهَقَ ٱلْبَـٰطِلُ ۚ إِنَّ ٱلْبَـٰطِلَ كَانَ زَهُوقًا

And say: "Truth has (now) arrived, and Falsehood perished: for Falsehood is (by its nature) bound to perish."

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

, and زَهِقَتْ , (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) the latter preferred by IKoot and Hr, but the former by A'Obeyd, (TA,) aor. زَهَقَ , (S, Msb, K, *) inf. n. زُهُوقٌ , (S, Mgh,) which is of both verbs, (S,) or this is of the former verb, and the inf. n. of the latter is زَهَقٌ , (Msb,) [but in the K it seems to be indicated, by its being said of the latter verb that it is of the class of سَمِعَ , that the inf. n. of this verb is زَهْقٌ ,] His soul went forth, passed forth, or departed: (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA:) it perished: it died: (TA:) اِنْزَهَقَتْ نَفْسُهُ and اِنْزِهَاقُ الرُّوحِ are not of the [classical] language of the Arabs. (Mgh.) It is said in the Kur [ix. 55 and 86] وَتَزْهَقَ أَنْفُسُهُمْ وَهُمْ كَافِرُونَ [And that their souls may depart while they are unbelievers]. (S.) The primary meaning of زُهُوقٌ is The going forth, passing forth, or departing, with difficulty. (Bd in ix. 55.) [Hence,] زَهَقَ الشَّىْءُ The thing perished, passed away, or came to nought; (Msb, K, TA;) became null, void, or of no effect. (K, TA.) And زَهَقَ البَاطِلُ What was false, or vain, passed away, or came to nought, (S, Msb, K, TA,) being overcome by the truth, or reality, or fact: or, accord. to Katádeh, by الباطل is here meant the devil. (TA.) And زَهَقَ السَّهْمُ (S, Msb, K, TA) and زَهِقَ (Msb) The arrow passed beyond the butt, (S, Msb, K, TA,) and fell behind it: (TA:) or went swiftly: (Ham p. 23:) or the former has this meaning: and the latter is syn. with زَلِقَ [app. meaning it slid along the ground]. (JK.) And زَهَقَ الفَرَسُ , aor. زَهَقَ , inf. n. زُهُوقٌ , The horse preceded, went before, got before, outwent, or outstripped. (S, * Msb.) And زَهَقَتِ الرَّاحِلَةُ , inf. n. زُهُوقٌ (ISk, S, K) and زَهْقٌ , (TA as from the K, [but not in the CK nor in my MS. copy of the K,]) The saddle-camel preceded, went before, got before, outwent, or outstripped, the horses, or horsemen; (ISk, JK, * S, K, TA;) and انزهقت signifies the same. (JK.) And زَهَقَ فُلَانٌ , inf. n. زَهْقٌ and زُهُوقٌ , Such a one preceded, went before, &c.; (K, TA;) or زَهَقَ بَيْنَ أَيْدِينَا preceded us, went before us, &c., and preceded, &c., the horses, or horsemen; (TA;) and انزهق signifies the same. (K.) زَهَقَ said of a bone, (S, K,) aor. زَهَقَ , (K,) inf. n. زُهُوقٌ , Its marrow became compact and full; (S, K;) as also ازهق . (L, K.) And زَهَقَتِ الدَّابَّةُ , with the same aor. and inf. n., The beast was, or became, marrowy in the utmost degree, its marrow-bones being compacted and full. (TA.) Also, said of marrow, It was, or became, compact and full. (S, K.)

Form 2زَهَّقَ1 sense

Core sense — he caused it to pass away, or come to noughtgenerated

2.1

See form 2 in the article زرق, and see form 4 below.

Show Lane's original text

see 2 in art. زرق : and see 4 below.

Form 3زاهق الحَقُّ البَاطِلَ1 sense

Core sense — the truth made what was false pass awaygenerated

3.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

Explained by زَهَقَه, a mistranscription, apparently for أزْهَقَهُ, meaning: the truth, or reality, or fact, made what was false, or vain, pass away, or come to nought.

Show Lane's original text

(TA [there expl. by زَهَقَه , a mistranscription, app. for أزْهَقَهُ , meaning The truth, or reality, or fact, made what was false, or vain, to pass away, or come to nought.])

Form 4ازهق نَفْسَهُ7 senses · 3 main

Core sense — he caused his soul to depart; he made what was false pass awaygenerated

4.1figurative · مجاز — inferredslaughter is a cause of making the soul come to nought, and depart—القَتْلُ إِزْهَاقٌ

He (God) caused his soul to go forth, or depart.

4.1.1figurative · مجازhe (God) caused what was false, or vain, to pass away, or come to nought—ازهق البَاطِلَ

Derived nouns 11

Nounزَهَقٌ1 sense

Core sense — a low part of the ground; a deep hollow in which beasts diegenerated

A low, or depressed, part of the ground.

A hollow, or deep cavity, in the ground; synonymous with وَهْدَةٌ. Beasts often fall into it and die.

Show Lane's original text

A low, or depressed, part of the ground. (S, O, K.) A hollow, or cavity, or deep hollow or cavity, in the ground; syn. وَهْدَةٌ : (JK, TA:) sometimes, or often, beasts fall into it, and die. (TA. [See 7.])

Nounزَهِقٌ2 senses

Core sense — light and unsteady, light-witted; a beast of the utmost fatnessgenerated

1figurative · مجاز

Light, and unsteady, or light-witted; applied to a man.

Also a beast not exceeded in fatness.

Show Lane's original text

Light, and unsteady, or lightwitted; (S, K, TA;) applied to a man. (S.) And A beast not exceeded in fatness. (TA.)

Nounزَهَقَى1 sense

Core sense — a mare that outgoes the horses, or the horsemengenerated

1figurative · مجاز — inferred

A mare that goes before, or outgoes, the other horses, or the horsemen.

Show Lane's original text

A mare that precedes, or outgoes, the [other] horses, or the horsemen. (Sh, K.)

Nounهُمْ زُهَاقُ مِائَةٍ1 sense

Core sense — they are of the number of a hundredgenerated

1they are of the number of a hundred—زِهَاقُ مائة

The same as زُهَآءُ مِائَةٍ.

Show Lane's original text

and زِهَاقُ مائة i. q. زُهَآءُ مِائَةٍ , (K, * TA,) i. e. They are of the number of a hundred. (TA.)

Nounزَهُوقٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — passing away, coming to nought; a deep well; light, or activegenerated

1figurative · مجازa thing that passes away, or comes to nought—زَاهِقٌ

Hence, in the Qur'ān 17:83: إِنَّ البَاطِلَ كَانَ زَهُوقًا, that is, [what is false, or vain,] is a thing that passes away, or comes to nought.

1.1figurative · مجازa deep well—زَاهِقَةٌ

[In the TA زَاهِقٌ.]

Both are likewise applied to a place of destruction, and to a مَتْلَفَة [apparently meaning a desert in which people perish], meaning far-extending.

The former is also applied [apparently as an adjective] to a فَجّ [or road, or depressed road] of an overhanging mountain.

1.2figurative · مجاز

Also light, or active; synonymous with خَفِيفٌ.

Qur’ānic occurrences زَهُوق

17:81

وَقُلْ جَآءَ ٱلْحَقُّ وَزَهَقَ ٱلْبَـٰطِلُ ۚ إِنَّ ٱلْبَـٰطِلَ كَانَ زَهُوقًا

And say: "Truth has (now) arrived, and Falsehood perished: for Falsehood is (by its nature) bound to perish."

Show Lane's original text

A thing passing away, or coming to nought; or that passes away, or comes to nought; as also زَاهِقٌ . (K, TA.) Hence, in the Kur [xvii. 83], إِنَّ البَاطِلَ كَانَ زَهُوقًا , i. e. [Verily what is false, or vain,] is a thing that passes away, or comes to nought. (TA.) A deep well; (JK, S, K;) as also زَاهِقَةٌ ; [in the TA زَاهِقٌ ;] and in like manner both are applied to a place of destruction ( مَتْلَفَةٌ ); (JK;) and to a مَتْلَفَة [app. meaning a desert in which people perish] as meaning far-extending. (Ham p. 23.) And in like manner, (S,) the former is also applied [app. as an epithet] to a فَجّ [or road, or depressed road,] of an overpeering, or overhanging, mountain. (S, K.) Also Light, or active; syn. خَفِيفٌ . (JK.)

Nounزَاهِقٌ8 senses · 2 main

Core sense — perishing, or dying; an arrow passing beyond the target; outstripping; marrowygenerated

Perishing, or dying.

1.1

See also زَهُوقٌ, in two places.

1.2figurative · مجاز

An arrow passing beyond the target, and falling behind it.

Hence the saying in a tradition, إِنَّ حَابِيًا خَيْرٌ مِنْ زَاهِقٍ [explained in the article حبو].

1.3figurative · مجاز — inferredhe came before, or in advance of, the horses, or horsemen—جَآءَ زَاهِقًا

a saddle-camel going before, or outstripping, the horses, or horsemen—رَاحِلَةٌ زَاهِقَةٌ

on this sense [Preceding, or outgoing.]

1.4figurative · مجاز — inferred

A man put to flight.

Plural زُهَقٌ, or زُهَّقٌ, or زُهْقٌ and زُهُقٌ, with ḍamm and with two ḍammahs.

1.5figurative · مجاز — inferred

Water running violently; and a canal running swiftly.

Applied to a beast: fat and marrowy; or marrowy, but not fat in the highest degree.

Or having thin, or little, marrow; and dry, or tough, from leanness; so says As.

Or, as some say, very lean, such that a foul smell is perceived from the meagreness of its flesh; so it bears two opposite meanings.

2.1

Applied to marrow: compact and full; or, so applied, good in respect of fatness.

Some say it is the same as رَارٌ [that is, in a melting state, or corrupt, from emaciation; or thin; etc.], so that in this application also it bears two opposite meanings.

'Omárah Ibn-Tárik, a rájiz, says:

shāhid 1

وَمَسَدٍ أُمِرَّ مِنْ أَيَانِقِلَسْنَ بِأَنْيَابٍ وَلَا حَقَائِقِوَلَا ضِعَافٍ مُخُّهُنَّ زَاهِقُ

According to Fr it is in the nominative case, the poetry being what is termed مُكْفَأ [by which is here meant having one rhyme made to end with kesreh (substituted for fet-hah by poetic licence) and another with dammeh]; the poet meaning [And a rope, or many a rope, tightly twisted, of the fur of she-camels that were not aged ones, nor such as had their teeth fallen out from extreme age, nor weak,] but whose marrow was compact and full.

[Or, following the explanation given above from the JK, زاهق may mean in a melting state, etc.]

Another explanation is that زاهق here means ذَاهِب [going away].

But, as Sgh says, the [right] reading is

shāhid 2

عِيسٍ عِتَاقٍ ذَاتِ مُخٍّ زَاهِقِ

[meaning but of a reddish, or yellowish, or dingy, white hue, of generous race, having compact and full marrow].

Qur’ānic occurrences زَاهِق

21:18

بَلْ نَقْذِفُ بِٱلْحَقِّ عَلَى ٱلْبَـٰطِلِ فَيَدْمَغُهُۥ فَإِذَا هُوَ زَاهِقٌ ۚ وَلَكُمُ ٱلْوَيْلُ مِمَّا تَصِفُونَ

Nay, We hurl the Truth against falsehood, and it knocks out its brain, and behold, falsehood doth perish! Ah! woe be to you for the (false) things ye ascribe (to Us).

Show Lane's original text

Perishing, or dying. (Az, TA.) See also زَهُوقٌ , in two places. An arrow passing beyond the butt, and falling behind it: (Mgh, TA:) whence the saying, in a trad., إِنَّ حَابِيًا خَيْرٌ مِنْ زَاهِقٍ [expl. in art. حبو ]. (TA.) [ Preceding, or outgoing.] You say, جَآءَ زَاهِقًا He came before, or in advance of, the horses, or horsemen. (JK.) And رَاحِلَةٌ زَاهِقَةٌ A saddlecamel preceding, going before, getting before, outgoing, or outstripping, the horses, or horsemen. (S.) A man put to flight: (S, O, K:) pl. زُهَقٌ , (so in my copies of the S,) or زُهَّقٌ , (so in the O,) or زُهْقٌ and زُهُقٌ , with damm and with two dammehs. (K.) Water running vehemently: (JK, K, TA:) and a canal ( خَلِيجٌ ) running swiftly. (TA.) Applied to a beast ( دَابَّة ), Fat, (JK, Az, S, K,) and marrowy: (S, K:) or marrowy, but not fat in the utmost degree: or having thin, or little, marrow: (TA:) and dry, or tough, (K, TA,) by reason of leanness; so says As: (TA:) and, (K,) or as some say, (JK,) very lean; (JK, K, TA;) Such that a foul odour is perceived arising from the meagreness of its flesh: (TA:) thus it bears two contr. meanings. (K.) And, applied to marrow, Compact and full: (S, TA:) or, so applied, good in respect of fatness: and some say, i. q. رَارٌ [i. e. in a melting state, or corrupt, by reason of emaciation; or thin; &c.]: so that [thus applied also] it bears two contr. meanings. (JK.) In the saying of a rájiz, (S, TA,) namely, 'Omárah Ibn-Tárik, (TA,) 1 accord. to Fr, it is in the nom. case, the poetry being what is termed مُكْفَأ , [by which is here meant having one rhyme made to end with kesreh (which is substituted for fet-hah by poetic license) and another with dammeh,] the poet meaning [And a rope, or many a rope, tightly twisted, of the fur of she-camels, that were not aged ones, nor such as had their teeth fallen out by reason of extreme age, nor weak,] but whose marrow was compact and full: [or, agreeably with an explanation given above from the JK, زاهق may mean in a melting state, &c.:] another explanation is, that زاهق here means ذَاهِب [going away]: (S, TA:) but, as Sgh says, the [right] reading is 2 [meaning but of a reddish, or yellowish, or dingy, white hue, of generous race, having compact and full marrow]. (TA.) وَمَسَدٍ أُمِرَّ مِنْ أَيَانِقِ | لَسْنَ بِأَنْيَابٍ وَلَا حَقَائِقِ | وَلَا ضِعَافٍ مُخُّهُنَّ زَاهِقُ عِيسٍ عِتَاقٍ ذَاتِ مُخٍّ زَاهِقِ

Nounأُزْهُوقَةٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — an admirable quality of a mare in runninggenerated

1figurative · مجازa mare having admirable qualities in running—فَرَسٌ ذَاتُ أًزَاهِيقَ

It is the singular of أَزَاهِيق.

Or the phrase means a mare that has a swift running.

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred[the horses, or horsemen, came] in troops in a state of dispersion—جَآءَ تِ الخَيْلُ أَزَاهِقَ

[the horses, or horsemen, came] in troops in a state of dispersion—أَزَاهِيقَ

1.2

أَزَاهِيقُ is also the name of a horse of Ziyád Ibn-Hindábeh.

Show Lane's original text

sing. of أَزَاهِيق in the phrase فَرَسٌ ذَاتُ أًزَاهِيقَ A mare having wonderful, or admirable, qualities in running: (A, TA:) or this means a mare having a swift running. (S, K.) One says also, جَآءَ تِ الخَيْلُ أَزَاهِقَ and أَزَاهِيقَ , meaning [The horses, or horsemen, came] in troops in a state of dispersion. (A'Obeyd, TA.) أَزَاهِيقُ is also the name of A horse of Ziyád Ibn-Hindábeh. (K.)

Nounمُزْهَقٌ1 sense

Core sense — slaingenerated

El-Muärrij: slain.

Show Lane's original text

Slain. (El-Muärrij, S.)

Nounمُزْهِقٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — slaying, or a slayer; a man quick in pace; talkativegenerated

El-Muärrij: slaying, or a slayer.

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

Also a man quick [as though urging himself forward] in his pace, or journeying.

1.2figurative · مجاز — inferred

Also talkative.

Show Lane's original text

Slaying, or a slayer. (El-Muärrij, S.) And A man quick [as though urging himself forward] in his pace, or journeying. (S, TA.) And Loquacious. (JK.)

Nounمَزْهَقَةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a cause of the departure of the soulgenerated

[A cause of the departure of the soul: a word of the same class as مَبْخَلَةٌ and مَجْبَنَةٌ.]

1.1figurative · مجاز[this camel is one that takes away the breath of the other beasts, or saddle-camels]—هٰذَا الجَمَلُ مَزْهَقَةٌ لِأَرْوَاحِ المَطِىِّ

Said of a camel which others strive in vain to overtake.

Show Lane's original text

[A cause of the departure of the soul: a word of the same class as مَبْخَلَةٌ and مَجْبَنَةٌ ]. [Hence,] one says of a camel which others strive in vain to overtake, هٰذَا الجَمَلُ مَزْهَقَةٌ لِأَرْوَاحِ المَطِىِّ [This camel is one that takes away the breath of the other beasts, or saddle-camels]. (A, TA.)

Nounرَجُلٌ مَزْهُوقٌ1 sense

Core sense — a man who is straitenedgenerated

1figurative · مجاز — inferred

A man who is straitened, or hard pressed.

Show Lane's original text

A man who is straitened. (TA.)