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زهد

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Form 1زَهِدَ فِيهِ4 senses · 2 main
muḍāriʿـَيَفْعَلُ·ـُيَفْعُلُmaṣdarزُهْدٌ زَهْدٌ إِزْهَادٌ

Core sense — he abstained from it, he shunned it; he computed its quantitygenerated

1.1he abstained from it, he relinquished it, he shunned it, he did not desire it—عَنْهُ

this is the most usual form of the verb. Also زَهَدَ, which is the most approved form, though MF says otherwise; and زَهُدَ. Maṣdars: زُهْدٌ, زَهَادَةٌ, زَهْدٌ.

[Meaning, from something that would gratify the passions or senses.]

The opposite of رَغِبَ [i.e. of رَغِبَ فِيهِ], and the same as رَغِبَ عَنْهُ, لَمْ يُرِدْهُ, تَرَكَهُ, and أَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ.

Or he abstained from it, meaning a thing he was sure was lawful, so far as to take the least of it that was enough, leaving the rest to God.

Or زَهَادَةٌ relates only to worldly things, and زُهْدٌ to matters of religion; or both mean exercising oneself in the service of God, or in acts of devotion, as does تَزَهُّدٌ. Whoever makes a difference between زَهِدَ فِيهِ and زَهِدَ عَنْهُ is wrong.

1.1.1eating little—زَهَادَةٌ

زُهْدٌ has the same meaning. [Particularly, being abstinent in respect of eating.]

1.1.2he straitened his household, out of niggardliness or poverty—زَهَدَ

Also ازهد, in the same sense; mentioned in the article زنق.

1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredhe computed its quantity, measure, size, extent, amount, or number—زَهَدَهُ

.

Or he computed by conjecture its quantity or measure, or the quantity of its fruit; also ازهدهُ, and زهّدهُ, maṣdar تَزْهِيدٌ, all used of palm-trees.

I computed by conjecture the quantity of the fruit on the palm-trees—زَهَدْتُ النَّخْلُ

Muḍāriʿ and maṣdar as above. (Esh-Sheybánee)

I computed by conjecture the amount of the property, or the number of the camels or cattle—زَهَدْتُ المَالَ
Show Lane's original text
, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and عَنْهُ , (S, Mgh, Msb,) aor. زَهَدَ ; (S, K;) [the most usual form of the verb;] and زَهَدَ , aor. زَهَدَ ; (S, Msb, K;) which is the most approved form, though MF says otherwise; (TA;) and زَهُدَ , aor. زَهُدَ ; (Th, K;) inf. n. زُهْدٌ and زَهَادَةٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and زَهْدٌ ; (Sb, TA;) He abstained from it; [meaning, from something that would gratify the passions or senses;] relinquished it; forsook it; shunned, or avoided, it; did not desire it; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) contr. of رَغِبَ [i. e. of رَغِبَ فِيهِ ], (S, K,) and i. q. رَغِبَ عَنْهُ , (A, Mgh,) and لَمْ يُرِدْهُ , (Mgh,) and تَرَكَهُ and أَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ : (Msb:) or he abstained from it, meaning a thing of the lawfulness of which he was sure, so far as to take the least that was sufficient thereof, leaving the rest to God: (MF:) or زَهَادَةٌ relates only to worldly things; and زُهْدٌ , to matters of religion: (Kh, Msb, K:) or both signify the exercising oneself in the service of God, or in acts of devotion; as also تَزَهُّدٌ : (KL:) he who makes a difference between زَهِدَ فِيهِ and زَهِدَ عَنْهُ errs. (Mgh.) زَهَادَةٌ and زُهْدٌ also signify [particularly The being abstinent in respect of eating;] the eating little. (A, TA.) And زَهَدَ and ازهد He straitened his household, by reason of niggardliness or poverty. (TA in art. زنق .) زَهَدَهُ , aor. زَهَدَ , (K,) inf. n. زَهْدٌ , (TA,) He computed, or determined, its quantity, measure, size, bulk, proportion, extent, amount, sum, or number; or he computed by conjecture its quantity or measure &c., or the quantity of its fruit; as also ازهدهُ , (K, TA,) inf. n. إِزْهَادٌ ; and زهّدهُ , inf. n. تَزْهِيدٌ : all used in relation to palm-trees. (TA.) You say, زَهَدْتُ النَّخْلُ , aor. and inf. n. as above, I computed by conjecture the quantity of the fruit upon the palm-trees. (Esh-Sheybánee, S, TA.) And زَهَدْتُ المَالَ I computed by conjecture the quantity, or amount, of the property; or the number of the camels or cattle. (JK.)
Form 2زهّدهُ فِيهِ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — he made him abstain from it; he imputed niggardliness to himgenerated

2.1he made him abstain from it, relinquish it, shun it, or not desire it—عَنْهُ

The same as زَغَّبَهُ عَنْهُ, transitive of زَهِدَ فِيهِ, that is, التَّزْهِيدُ فِى الشَّىْءِ; and عَنْهُ is the opposite of التَّرْغِيبُ فِيهِ.

2.1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredmen impute niggardliness, or stinginess, to him—النَّاسُ يُزَهِّدُونَهُ

التَّزْهِيدُ also means the same as التَّبْخِيلُ. [In the CK, wrongly, التَّبْخِيلُ.]

'Adee Ibn-Zeyd says: [And the first single act of niggardliness of one who is acting in a niggardly manner is most undutious to parents (apparently because generosity is what they enjoin above all things); and he who is niggardly is blamed, and] is charged with being a niggard, a low, mean, or sordid man.

shāhid
وَ لَلْبَخْلَةُ الأُولَى لِمَنْ كَانَ بَاخِلًاأَعَقُّ وَمَنْ يَبْخَلْ يُلَمْ وَ يُزْهَّدِ

Also يُبَخِّلُونَهُ, in the same sense.

2.1.2

See also form 1.

Show Lane's original text
[and عَنْهُ ] He made him, or caused him, to abstain from it; to relinquish it; to forsake it; to shun, or avoid, it; or to be not desirous of it; (L, Msb;) i. q. زَغَّبَهُ عَنْهُ ; (L;) trans. of زَهِدَ فِيهِ : (Msb:) [i. e.] التَّزْهِيدُ فِى الشَّىْءِ and عَنْهُ is the contr. of التَّرْغِيبُ فِيهِ . (S, K. *) And التَّزْهِيدُ is also syn. with التَّبْخِيلُ . (K, TA. [In the CK, erroneously, التَّبْخِيلُ .]) One says, النَّاسُ يُزَهِّدُونَهُ and يُبَخِّلُونَهُ [Men, or the people, impute to him, or accuse him of, niggardliness, or stinginess]. (A, TA.) And 'Adee. Ibn-Zeyd says, 1 i. e. [And verily the first single act of niggardliness, of him who is acting in a niggardly manner, is most undutious to parents; (app. because generosity is what they enjoin above all things;) and he who is niggardly is blamed, and] is charged with being a niggard, a low or mean or sordid man. (TA.) وَ لَلْبَخْلَةُ الأُولَى لِمَنْ كَانَ بَاخِلًا | أَعَقُّ وَمَنْ يَبْخَلْ يُلَمْ وَ يُزْهَّدِ See also 1.
Form 4ازهد3 senses · 2 main
maṣdarإِزْهَادٌ

Core sense — he possessed little property, not desired because of its littlenessgenerated

4.1

He was one whose property was not desired, because of its littleness; he possessed little property, which, because of its littleness, was not desired..

4.1.1

See also form 1.

4.2

ازهدهُ: see form 1, near the end.

Show Lane's original text
, (JK, L,) inf. n. إِزْهَادٌ , (JK, S, L,) He was, or became, one whose property was not desired, because of its littleness; (JK, L;) he possessed little property, (S * L,) which, because of its littleness, was not desired. (L.) See also 1. ازهدهُ : see 1, near the end.
Form 5تزهّد1 sense

Core sense — he made a show of abstinence; he devoted himself to God's servicegenerated

5.1

He showed, or made a display of, زُهْد [or abstinence, etc., generally meaning exercise in the service of God, or devotion].

He devoted himself to the service of God, or to religious exercises; he applied himself to acts of devotion.

See also form 1.

Show Lane's original text
He manifested, or made a show of, زُهْد [or abstinence, &c., generally meaning exercise in the service of God, or devotion]: (KL:) [and] he devoted himself to the service of God, or to religious exercises; or applied himself to acts of devotion. (S, Msb.) See also 1.
Form 6تزاهدوهُ1 sense

Core sense — they despised him, they made light of itgenerated

6.1figurative · مجاز — inferredthey made light of the prescribed castigation—تزاهدوا الحَدَّ

They despised him, or held him, or it, in contempt.

Said in a tradition, of wine-drinkers; حَدّ [is the prescribed castigation]. They held it in little estimation, regarding it as a small thing. [See also what next follows.]

Show Lane's original text
They contemned, or despised, him, or it. (K.) It is said in a trad., of wine-drinkers, تزاهدوا الحَدَّ , i. e. they contemned the حَدّ [or prescribed castigation]; held it in little, or mean, estimation; regarded it as a small thing. (TA.) [See also what next follows.]
Form 8اِزْدَهَدَهُ1 sense

Core sense — he reckoned it littlegenerated

8.1figurative · مجاز — inferredsuch a one reckons little the gift of such a one—فُلَانٌ يَزْدَهِدُ عَطَآءَ فُلَانٍ

He reckoned it little.

[See also what next precedes.]

Show Lane's original text
He reckoned it little. (K.) You say, فُلَانٌ يَزْدَهِدُ عَطَآءَ فُلَانٍ Such a one reckons little the gift of such a one. (ISk, S.) [See also what next precedes.]

Derived nouns 7

Nounزَهْدٌ1 sense

Core sense — a small quantitygenerated

1figurative · مجازtake the small quantity that is enough for you—خُذْ زَهْدَ مَا يَكْفِيكَ

Or: as much as is enough for you.

A small quantity.

Show Lane's original text
A small quantity. (A.) You say, خُذْ زَهْدَ مَا يَكْفِيكَ (JK, S, K) Take thou the small quantity that is sufficient for thee: (A:) or as much as is sufficient for thee. (JK, S.)
Nounزَهَدٌ1 sense

Core sense — the poor-rategenerated

1figurative · مجاز[What is the matter with you that you refuse the poor-rate?]—مَا لَكَ تَمْنَعُ الزَّهَدَ

The poor-rate; the same as زَكَاةٌ. Mentioned by Aboo-Sa'eed, on the authority of Mubtekir El-Bedawee.

Aboo-Sa'eed: it is so called because of its littleness, the زكاة of property being the least portion of it; or, according to the A, because the fortieth part [which is its general proportion] is little.

Show Lane's original text
The poor-rate; syn. زَكَاةٌ : (A, K:) mentioned by Aboo-Sa'eed, on the authority of Mubtekir El-Bedawee: so called, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed, because of its littleness; the زكاة of property being the least portion of it; or, accord. to the A, because the fortieth part [which is its general proportion] is little. (TA.) So in the saying, مَا لَكَ تَمْنَعُ الزَّهَدَ [What aileth thee that thou refusest the poor-rate?]. (A, TA.)
Nounأَرْضٌ زَهَادٌ1 sense

Core sense — land that flows with water only after much rain; small water-coursesgenerated

1figurative · مجاز — inferredthe small water-courses—زَهَادُ التِّلَاعِ

Land that does not flow with water except after much rain; or land that flows with water after the least rain.

Also حَشَادٌ.

[The opposite of أَرْضٌ رَغَابٌ; see also زَهِيدٌ.]

Show Lane's original text
Land that does not flow with water except in consequence of much rain: (S:) or land that flows with water in consequence of the least rain; (ISk, JK, and TA in art. حشد ;) as also حَشَادٌ ; (ISk, TA in art. حشد ;) [contr. of أَرْضٌ رَغَابٌ : see also زَهِيدٌ .] And زَهَادُ التِّلَاعِ The small water-courses. (L.)
Nounزَهِيدٌ7 senses · 1 main

Core sense — who eats little; small in quantity; paltry, contemptible; niggardlygenerated

1[Such a one is abstinent, etc., and] a small eater—فُلَانٌ زَاهِدٌ زَهِيدٌ

Who eats little; said of a man. Also زَهِيدُ الأَكْلِ, or زَهِيدُ الطَّعْمِ; and, said of a woman, زَهِيدٌ, or زَهِيدَةٌ (as given in different places in the T).

The opposite of [رَغِيبٌ and] رَغِيبَةٌ.

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

Small in quantity or number; so applied to a gift.

1.2figurative · مجاز — inferred

Contemptible, despicable, mean, or paltry.

1.3figurative · مجاز

A man who possesses, or does, little or no good.

1.4figurative · مجاز — inferred

A man narrow, or niggardly, in disposition; also زَاهِدٌ. The feminine of the former is formed with ة.

A low, ignoble, ungenerous, mean, or sordid man; such that one does not desire what he possesses; also زَاهِدٌ.

1.5figurative · مجازhe is content with little—هُوَ زَهِيدُ العَيْنِ

Also لَهُ عَيْنٌ زَهِيدَةٌ. The opposite of هُوَ رَغِيبُ العَيْنِ and لَهُ عَيْنٌ رَغِيبَةٌ.

1.6figurative · مجاز — inferreda narrow valley—وَادٍ زَهِيدٌ

Or a valley that receives little water; that is made to flow by a slight quantity of water, even as much as a she-goat voids into it, because it is even and hard. The opposite of وَادٍ رَغِيبٌ. [See also زَهَادٌ.]

what is narrow, of land; that from which much water does not come out—زَهِيدُ الأَرْضِ

Plural زُهْدَانٌ.

Show Lane's original text
Who eats little; (T, K;) applied to a man; (T;) [and] so زَهِيدُ الأَكْلِ ; (S;) or زَهِيدُ الطَّعْمِ : (A:) and so زَهِيدٌ or زَهِيدَةٌ , (as in different places in the T,) applied to a woman: contr. of [ رَغِيبٌ and] رَغِيبَةٌ . (T.) You say, فُلَانٌ زَاهِدٌ زَهِيدٌ , i. e. [Such a one is abstinent, &c., and] a small eater. (A.) Small in quantity or number: (S, Msb, K:) so applied to a gift. (S.) Contemptible, despicable, mean, or paltry. (TA.) A man who possesses, or does, little, or no, good. (A, TA.) A man (Lh, TA) narrow, or niggardly, in disposition; (Lh, K, TA;) as also زَاهِدٌ ; (K;) fem. of the former with ة : (Lh, TA:) a low, ignoble, ungenerous, mean, or sordid, man; such that one does not desire what he possesses; as also زَاهِدٌ . (L.) هُوَ زَهِيدُ العَيْنِ , and لَهُ عَيْنٌ زَهِيدَةٌ , He is content with little; contr. of هُوَ رَغِيبُ العَيْنِ and لَهُ عَيْنٌ رَغِيبَةٌ . (A, TA.) وَادٍ زَهِيدٌ A narrow valley: (JK, K:) or a valley that takes, or receives, little water; (ISh, S, TA;) that is made to flow by a slight quantity of water, even as much as a she-goat voids into it, because it is even and hard: (ISh, TA:) contr. of وَادٍ رَغِيبٌ . (TA in art. رغب .) [See also زَهَادٌ .] And زَهِيدُ الأَرْضِ What is narrow, of land; and that from which much water does not come forth: pl. زُهْدَانٌ . (L.)
Nounزِهِّيدٌ1 sense

Core sense — abstaining much, very abstinentgenerated

1

See the next entry.

Show Lane's original text
: see the next paragraph.
Nounزَاهِدٌ1 sense

Core sense — abstinent, shunning worldly pleasures; a devoteegenerated

1

Ism fāʿil of زَهِدَ [i.e. abstaining, or abstinent; relinquishing; forsaking; shunning, or avoiding; not desiring: and particularly abstaining from, or retiring from, worldly pleasures; exercising himself in the service of God, or in acts of devotion; a devotee].

زِهِّيدٌ has a similar, but intensive, meaning [i.e. abstaining much, or very abstinent].

Plural of the former: زُهَّادٌ.

See also زَهِيدٌ, in three places.

Show Lane's original text
act. part. n. of زَهِدَ [i. e. Abstaining, or abstinent; relinquishing; forsaking; shunning, or avoiding; not desiring or desirous: and particularly abstaining from, or shunning, or retiring from, worldly pleasures; exercising himself in the service of God, or in acts of devotion; a devotee]: and زِهِّيدٌ has a similar, but intensive, meaning [i. e. abstaining much, or very abstinent; &c.]: pl. of the former زُهَّادٌ . (Msb, TA.) See also زَهِيدٌ , in three places.
Nounمُزْهِدٌ1 sense

Core sense — a man possessing little property, which one does not desiregenerated

1[The most excellent of men is a believer] possessing little property—أَفْضَلُ النَّاسِ مُؤْمِنٌ مُزْهِدٌ

Said in a tradition.

A man possessing little property, so that one does not desire it.

Show Lane's original text
A man possessing little property, (JK, S, A,) so that one does not desire it. (JK.) It is said in a trad., أَفْضَلُ النَّاسِ مُؤْمِنٌ مُزْهِدٌ , meaning [The most excellent of men is a believer] possessing little property. (S, A.)