زفر

Form 1 · Form 2 · Form 5 · Form 8 · 16 entries · Qur'ānic frequency 3

Form 1زَفَرَ5 senses · 2 main

muḍāriʿـِيَفْعِلُmaṣdarزَفِيرٌ زَفْرٌ

Core sense — he drew in his breath deeply, from distress; he carried a loadgenerated

1.1

maṣdar زَفِيرٌ, رَفْرٌ, and إِزْفِيرٌ [and إِرْزِيزٌ, apparently a maṣdar, or perhaps a simple noun].

He drew in his breath to the utmost, because of distress.

Er-Rāghib: it originally means he drew back his breath violently, so that his ribs became swollen out.

Lth: زَفِيرٌ is the beginning of the cry of the ass, and شَهِيقٌ is the end of it; the first is the drawing in of the breath, the second the sending of it out. Er-Rāghib says it is used of the cry of the ass and the like, and generally in this sense.

Or the verb means: he sent out his breath after prolonging it; or he sent out his breath with a long sound [that is, he sighed, or uttered a long or heavy sigh; or he groaned]; or he filled his chest out of grief and then sent out his breath; or he breathed, raising his voice, like one moaning or in grief.

1.1.1figurative · مجازthe fire made a sound to be heard from its burning—زَفَرَتِ النَّارُ

This sounding is called زَفِيرٌ.

[See also حَدْمٌ, where its is explained, on the authority of AZ, as the flaming, or blazing, of fire.]

the sea roars because of its tumult—البَحْرُ يَزْفِرُ بِتَمَوُّجِهِ

1.1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredthe land put out its plants, or herbage—زَفَرَتِ الأَرْضُ

1.2he carried a thing, or a load, as for example a filled water-skin—زَفَرَ

maṣdar زَفْرٌ and ازدفر.

they carry his burdens for him—يَزْفِرُونَ عَنْهُ الأَثْقَالَ

1.2.1

He drew, and carried, water.

Show Lane's original text

, aor. زَفِرَ , (S, K,) inf. n. زَفِيرٌ (S, A, K) and رَفْرٌ (K) and إِزْفِيرٌ , (M, [like إِرْزِيزٌ , app. an inf. n., or perhaps a simple subst.,]) He drew in his breath to the utmost, by reason of distress: (S:) it originally signifies he drew back his breath vehemently, so that his ribs became swollen out: (Er-Rághib:) زَفِيرٌ is the beginning of the cry of the ass, (Lth, S, A, Er-Rághib,) and of the like, (Lth,) and is generally used in this sense; (Er-Rághib;) and شَهِيقٌ is the ending thereof; (Lth, S, A, Er-Rághib;) for the former is the drawing in of the breath, and the latter is the sending it forth: (Lth, S:) or the verb signifies he sent forth his breath, after prolonging it: (M, K:) or he sent forth his breath with a prolonged sound: [i. e., he sighed, or uttered a long sigh, or sighed vehemently; or he groaned:] or he filled his chest, by reason of grief, and then sent forth his breath: (TA:) or he breathed, raising his voice, like one moaning, or in grief. (Har p. 20.) [Hence,] زَفَرَتِ النَّارُ The fire made a sound to be heard from its burning, or its fierce burning: (K:) and this [sounding] is termed زَفِيرٌ . (TA.) [See also حَدْمٌ ; where زَفْرٌ , its inf. n., is expl., on the authority of AZ, as signifying The flaming, or blazing, of fire.] And البَحْرُ يَزْفِرُ بِتَمَوُّجِهِ [The sea makes a roaring by its tumultuousness]. (A, TA.) زَفَرَتِ الأَرْضُ The land put forth its plants, or herbage. (TA.) زَفَرَ , aor. زَفِرَ , (S, A, K,) inf. n. زَفْرٌ ; (S, K;) and ازدفر ; (S, K;) He carried, (S, A, K,) a thing, (K,) or a load, or burden, (S, A,) as, for ex., a filled water-skin. (TA.) You say, يَزْفِرُونَ عَنْهُ الأَثْقَالَ [They bear, or carry, or take off from him, and carry, his burdens]. (A.) He drew, (K, TA,) and carried, (TA,) water. (K, TA.)

Form 2زَفَّرَ1 sense

Core sense — he rendered a thing greasygenerated

2.1

See the next entry.

Show Lane's original text

see the next paragraph.

Form 5تزفّر2 senses

Core sense — he ate fat food, breaking the fastgenerated

5.1

It occurs in the Ṣaḥeeḥ of El-Bukhāree as meaning تَخَبَّطَ [q. v.]; but El-Jelāl says, in the Towsheeḥ, that this is not known in the language of the Arabs.

5.2

[Freytag explains it as meaning he ate fat food, breaking the fast; like زفّر (which generally means, at the present day, he rendered greasy); but I believe this to be post-classical. See De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., 2nd ed., vol. 1, p. 270.]

Show Lane's original text

occurs in the Saheeh of El-Bukháree as meaning تَخَبَّطَ [q. v.]: but El-Jelál says, in the Towsheeh, that this is not known in the language of the Arabs. (MF.) [Freytag explains it as meaning He ate fat food, breaking the fast; like زفّر ; (which latter generally means, in the present day, he rendered greasy;) but this I believe to be post-classical. See De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., i. 270.]

Form 8إِزْتَفَرَ1 sense

Core sense — he carried a load; he drew and carried watergenerated

8.1

See form 1, near the end of that entry.

Show Lane's original text

see 1, near the end of the paragraph.

Derived nouns 12

Nounزِفْرٌ4 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a heavy load on the back or head; a water-skin; a lambgenerated

1a heavy load, or burden, on the back or on the head—حِمْلٌ

So called because the bearer breathes heavily, or groans, under it.

Plural: أَزْفَارٌ.

1.1a water-skin, in which a pastor carries his water—قِرْبَة

Plural as above.

1.2

The equipment of a traveller, including the water-skin and the like.

1.3a lamb—حَمَلٌ

So in the Bāriʾ.

This meaning and that of حِمْلٌ are both correct.

Show Lane's original text

A load, or burden, syn. حِمْلٌ , (S, A, K,) on the back, (K,) or on the head, that is heavy, and in consequence of which the bearer breathes vehemently, or groans ( يَزْفِرُ ): (A:) pl. أَزْفَارٌ . (S, A.) A [water-skin of the kind called] قِرْبَة : (S, K:) a skin in which a pastor carries his water: pl. as above. (TA.) The apparatus of a traveller, (K,) comprising the water-skin &c. (TA.) A lamb; syn. حَمَلٌ : so in the Bári'. (K.) This signification and that of حِمْلٌ are both correct. (TA.)

Nounزَفَرٌ2 senses

Core sense — a prop of a tree; grease, or greasy foodgenerated

A prop of a tree.

[In modern Arabic it means grease, greasy food, or flesh-meat: apparently from the Persian زَفَرْ or زَفْر, meaning “filth”; and hence, obscenity. Hence also the vulgar adjective زِفِر (apparently for زَفِرٌ), meaning greasy; and foul, or filthy; and obscene. See form 5.]

Show Lane's original text

A prop of a tree. (K, TA.) [In modern Arabic, it means Grease, greasy food, or flesh-meat: app. from the Pers. زَفَرْ or زَفْر , signifying “ filth: ” and hence, obscenity. Hence also the vulgar epithet زِفِر (app. for زَفِرٌ ), meaning Greasy: and foul, or filthy: and obscene. See 5.]

Nounزُفَرٌ11 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a roaring sea; a liberal man; one who carries loads; a chiefgenerated

1figurative · مجاز

A sea that roars because of its tumult.

1.1figurative · مجاز

A river holding much water, so that it resembles a sea.

1.2figurative · مجاز

A large gift, likened to a sea.

1.3figurative · مجاز

A liberal man, likened to a sea that roars because of its tumult.

زَافِرَةٌ is used in the same sense.

1.4

One who carries loads, or burdens; that is, one who has the strength to carry water-skins.

[See also زَافِرَةٌ.]

1.5figurative · مجاز — inferred

One who has the power to bear responsibilities.

1.6figurative · مجاز — inferred

Hence, a lord, master, or chief; or, for the same reason, a great lord; and زَافِرَةٌ likewise.

1.7figurative · مجاز — inferred

A courageous man.

1.8figurative · مجاز — inferred

A lion.

1.9

See also زَافِرَةٌ, in three places.

1.10

And see زَفِيرٌ.

Show Lane's original text

A sea, (K,) that makes a roaring, ( يَزْفِرُ ,) by reason of its tumultuousness. (TA.) A river containing much water, (K,) so that it resembles a sea. (TA.) A large gift, (K,) as likened to a sea. (TA.) A liberal man; likened to a sea that makes a roaring, ( يَزْفِرُ ,) by reason of its tumultuousness; (A;) as also زَافِرَةٌ . (TA.) One who carries loads, or burdens; meaning, who has strength to carry water-skins. (K.) [See also زَافِرَةٌ .] One who has power to bear responsibilities. (Sh, S. *) Hence, A lord, master, chief, or the like: (S:) or, for the same reason, a great lord, or the like; (TA;) as also زَافِرَةٌ . (K, TA.) A courageous man. (K, * TA.) A lion. (K.) See also زَافِرَةٌ , in three places: and زَفِيرٌ .

Nounزَفْرَةٌ4 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a deep drawing in of the breath from distress; a sigh; the middle, or chestgenerated

A drawing in of the breath to the utmost, because of distress. [Or a drawing back of the breath violently, so that the ribs become swollen out: see form 1.] Or an emission of the breath after prolonging it.

زُفْرَةٌ, مُزْدَفَرٌ, and مُزَفَّرٌ, or مُزْفَرٌ and مُزَفَّرَةٌ, are used in the same sense (CK, but omitted in the TA and in my manuscript copy of the K).

[Or an emission of the breath with a long sound; that is, a sigh, a long or heavy sigh, or a groan; or an emission of the breath after filling the chest with it out of grief: see form 1 again.]

Plural زَفَرَاتٌ, because it is a noun, not an adjective; but sometimes, by poetic licence, زَفْرَاتٌ.

El-Jaadee says:

shāhid 1

يَرْجِعْ عَلَى دِقَّةٍ وَلَاهَضَمِخِيطَ عَلَىزَفْرَةٍ فَتَمَّ وَلَمْ

meaning: as though he were sewed up after a drawing in of the breath to the utmost, because of distress, so that he seemed to be constantly drawing in his breath, because of the largeness of his belly, [and did not become restored to slenderness nor lankness of the belly.]

And another says:

shāhid 2

فَتَسْتَرِيحُ النَّفْسُ مِنْ زَفْرَاتِهَا

[And the soul finds rest from its drawing in of the breath to the utmost, because of distress; or from its sighs, and the like.]

1.1

Also, all the words mentioned above: [a man] breathing [in the way described above]; synonym مُتَنَفِّسٌ.

[Unless this is a miscopying for مُتَنَفِّسٌ, meaning the place of such breathing; as seems likely from the forms of more than one of these words, from what follows, and from an explanation of مُزْدَفَرٌ below.]

1.2the middle of a thing, or of a horse; or the chest, or belly—زَفْرَةٌ

زُفْرَةٌ is used in the same sense, but not the other words mentioned above, as is implied in the CK.

Plural of the first, زَفَرَاتٌ.

he is indeed great in the middle, or in the chest, or belly—إِنَّهُ لَعَظِيمُ الزُّفْرَةِ

1.3how strong is the knitting together of his joints!—مَا أَشَدَّ زَفْرَتَهُ

Said of a camel, or other beast.

Show Lane's original text

A drawing-in of the breath to the utmost, by reason of distress: (S:) [or a drawing-back of the breath vehemently, so that the ribs become swollen out: (see 1:)] or an emission of the breath after prolonging it; as also زُفْرَةٌ and مُزْدَفَرٌ and مُزَفَّرٌ , (K, TA,) or مُزْفَرٌ , (as in a copy of the K,) and مُزَفَّرَةٌ : (CK, but omitted in the TA and in my MS. copy of the K:) [or an emission of the breath with a prolonged sound; i. e., a sigh, or a long or vehement sigh; or a groan: or an emission of the breath after filling the chest with it by reason of grief: (see, again, 1:)] pl. زَفَرَاتٌ , because it is a subst., not an epithet; but sometimes, by poetic license, زَفْرَاتٌ . (S.) El-Jaadee says, 1 meaning As though he were sewed up after a drawing-in of the breath to the utmost, by reason of distress, so that he seemed to be constantly so drawing in his breath, on account of the largeness of his belly, [and did not become restored to slenderness nor lankness of the belly.] (S.) And another says, 2 [And the soul finds rest from its drawing-in of the breath to the utmost, by reason of distress; or from its sighs, &c.]. (S.) يَرْجِعْ عَلَى دِقَّةٍ وَلَاهَضَمِ | خِيطَ عَلَىزَفْرَةٍ فَتَمَّ وَلَمْ فَتَسْتَرِيحُ النَّفْسُ مِنْ زَفْرَاتِهَا Also, ↓ all the words above mentioned, [A man] breathing [in the manner above described]; syn. مُتَنَفِّسٌ ; [unless this be a mistranscription for مُتَنَفِّسٌ meaning the place of (such) breathing; as seems probable from the forms of more than one of these words, and from what follows, and also from an explanation of مُزْدَفَرٌ , below.] (K, TA.) Also زَفْرَةٌ (K, TA) and زُفْرَةٌ (S, K, * TA [but not the other words mentioned above, as is implied in the CK,]) The middle (S, K) of a thing, (K,) or of a horse: (S:) or the chest, or belly: pl. of the former, زَفَرَاتٌ . (TA.) One says, إِنَّهُ لَعَظِيمُ الزُّفْرَةِ Verily he is great in the middle: (S, TA:) or in the chest, or belly. (TA.) One says also, of a camel, or other beast, مَا أَشَدَّ زَفْرَتَهُ , meaning How strong is the knitting together of his joints! (TA.)

Nounزُفْرَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a drawing in of the breath; the middle, chest, or bellygenerated

See زَفْرَةٌ, in four places.

Show Lane's original text

: see زَفْرَةٌ , in four places.

Nounزَفِيرٌ1 sense

Core sense — a calamity, a misfortunegenerated

A calamity, a misfortune; and زُفَرٌ likewise.

Qur’ānic occurrences زَفِير 1 shown of 3

21:100

لَهُمْ فِيهَا زَفِيرٌ وَهُمْ فِيهَا لَا يَسْمَعُونَ

There, sobbing will be their lot, nor will they there hear (aught else).

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

A calamity; a misfortune; (S, K;) as also زُفَرٌ . (TA.)

Nounزَافِرٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — one who helps to carry loads, or burdensgenerated

1female slaves who carry water-skins or [other] loads, or burdens—زَوَافِرُ

One who [carries or] helps to carry loads, or burdens.

[Plural of زَافِرَةٌ.]

1.1

See also زُفَرٌ, in two places.

1.5figurative · مجاز — inferred

A company, or assembled body, of men; and زُفَرٌ likewise.

1.6figurative · مجاز — inferred

An army; or a gathered portion of one; or a troop of horse; and زُفَرٌ likewise.

1.7figurative · مجازa horse having strong ribs—فَرَسٌ شَدِيدُ الزَّوَافِرُ

[A rib: plural زَوَافِرُ.]

1.8figurative · مجاز

A bow; plural زَوَافِرُ. So called as being likened to a rib: [or perhaps from its sound.]

1.9figurative · مجاز — inferred

The part of an arrow apart from the feathers; or the part apart from two thirds of it, next the head (ʿEesà Ibn-ʿOmar); or the part from a little below the head up to the head; or about a third part of an arrow, and of a spear. [Perhaps so called from its sound.]

أُمُّ زَافِرَةٍَ: the بَبْرَة [or female of the بَبْر].

Show Lane's original text

: see what next precedes. Also A bulky camel; (K;) and so زُفَرٌ : (Sgh, K:) because he carries loads, or burdens. (TA.) The كَاهِل [or withers, or upper portion of the back, next the neck,] with what is next to it. (TA.) [Because loads are borne upon it.] The side, or angle, ( رُكْن ,) of a building, (K,) upon which it [mainly] rests, or is supported: pl. زَوَافِرُ . (TA.) [Hence the expression] لِمَجْدِهِمْ زَوَافِرُ Their glory has props that strengthen it. (A, K. *) A man's aiders, or assistants, (S, TA,) and his kinsfolk, or tribe, syn. عَشِيرَة , (S, A, K,) as also زَوَافِرُ ; because they bear his burdens: (A:) his aiders, or assistants, and particular friends. (TA.) You say, هُمْ زَافِرَتُهُمْ عِنْدَ السُّلْطَانِ They are the persons who undertake and perform their business with the Sultán. (S.) And هُوَ زَافِرُ قَوْمِهِ , and زَافِرَتُهُمْ , also, عِنْدَ السُّلْطَانِ , He is the chief of his people, and the bearer of their burdens, with the Sultán. (A.) See also زُفَرٌ , in two places. A company, or congregated body, (K,) of men; (TA;) as also زُفَرٌ . (K, * TA.) An army; or a collected portion thereof; or a troop of horse; syn. كَتِيبَةٌ , as also زُفَرٌ . (K.) [A rib: pl. زَوَافِرُ .] You say فَرَسٌ شَدِيدُ الزَّوَافِرُ A horse having strong ribs. (A.) A bow: (K:) pl. زَوَافِرُ : (A:) so called as being likened to a rib: (TA:) [or perhaps from its sound.] The part of an arrow exclusive of the feathers: (S, K:) or the part exclusive of two thirds, next the head: ('Eesà Ibn-'Omar, S, K:) or the part from a little below the head to the head: (ISh:) or about a third part of an arrow, and of a spear. (TA.) [Perhaps so called from its sound.] أُمُّ زَافِرَةٍَ The بَبْرَة [or female of the بَبْر ]. (T in art. ام .)

Nounأَزْفَرُ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a horse large in the sides, chest, or middle; the private partsgenerated

A horse large in the sides; or in the ribs of the sides; or in the chest, or belly; or in the middle.

Plural زُفْرٌ.

1.1the private parts—الزَّفْرَآءُ

Used as a noun, like المَعْطَآءُ; synonym السَّوْءَةُ.

Show Lane's original text

A horse large in the sides: (K:) or in the ribs of the sides: or in the chest, or belly: or in the middle: (TA:) pl. زُفْرٌ . (K.) الزَّفْرَآءُ , used as a subst., The pudendum; like المَعْطَآءُ ; syn. السَّوْءَةُ . (IAar, TA in art. معط .)

Nounمُزَفَّرٌ1 sense

Core sense — a man breathing hard; the middle, or the chestgenerated

Or مُزْفَرٌ, and مُزَفَّرَةٌ: see زَفْرَةٌ, in two places.

Show Lane's original text

, or مُزْفَرٌ , and مُزَفَّرَةٌ : see زَفْرَةٌ , in two places.

Nounمَزْفُورٌ1 sense

Core sense — having the joints strongly knit together, said of a camelgenerated

1[he is strongly compacted in make]—هُوَ مَزْفُورُ الخَلْقِ

A beast, or camel, whose joints are strongly knit together.

Show Lane's original text

A beast, (K,) or camel, (TA,) having his joints strongly knit together. (K, TA.) You say also, هُوَ مَزْفُورُ الخَلْقِ [He is strongly compacted in make]. (TA.)

Nounمُزْدَفَرٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — the part of a horse's breast from which its breathing comesgenerated

The part of the breast of a horse from which the breathing called زَفِير comes [see form 1].

1.1

See also زَفْرَةٌ, in two places.

Show Lane's original text

The part of the breast ( جُؤْجُؤ ) of a horse from which the breathing termed زَفِير [see 1] proceeds. (AO, O, K.) See also زَفْرَةٌ , in two places.