maṣdarرَيْنٌmuḍāriʿيَرِينُ تَرِينُ
Core sense — it became rusty, or dirty; it covered, or overcame, his heartgenerated
1.1
. [In its primary acceptation, app. signifies It was, or became, rusty, or covered with rust. And hence,] said of a garment or piece of cloth: it was, or became, dirty, or filthy; synonym تَطَبَّعَ.
1.1.1his soul [or stomach] became heavy; it heaved, or became agitated by a tendency to vomit—رانت نَفْسَهُ
[Hence also,]; maṣdar as above. Synonyms غَثَتْ and خَبُثَتْ.
1.1.2it covered it; or it overcame him—ران عَلَيْهِ
Said of anything covering a thing, or overcoming a person; muḍāriʿ and maṣdar as above. Also ران بِهِ and رَانَهُ. [And رَانَ, with يَرُونُ for its muḍāriʿ, means the same, as will be seen from a verse cited below.]
it covered his heart; or it overcame his heart—ران عَلَى قَلْبِهِ
Said of a sin, misdeed, or transgression; muḍāriʿ as above, maṣdar رَيْنٌ and رُيُونٌ.
[What they used to do] has become like rust upon their hearts—رَانَ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ مَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبوُنَ
In the Qur'ān 83:14. Er-Rāghib: it has become like rust upon the clearness of their hearts, so as to make the knowledge of good from evil obscure to them. Or: it has covered their hearts. Or: it has overcome their hearts. [Or it has spread a blackness upon their hearts; for,] according to El-Hasan, it means that sin has followed upon sin so that the heart has become black; and according to Aboo-Moʿādh the Grammarian, and a saying of the Prophet, الرَّيْنُ means the heart's becoming black as a result of sins.
his heart became covered—رِينَ عَلى قَلْبِهِ
he was overcome—رِينَ بِهِ
Or his property was beset by debt. Or he fell into grief because of debt. Or he fell into something he could not escape and could not cope with. Or the same as اُنْقُطِعَ بِهِ [i. e. he became disabled from prosecuting his journey, his means having failed him, or his beast breaking down with him or perishing]; so says El-Kanánee El-Aarábee. And: he died.
the wine overcame him, and overwhelmed him—رَانَتْ بِهِ الخَمْرُ
Also رانت عَلَيْهِ الخَمْرُ. Or: it overcame his heart and his reason. The same is said of drowsiness, and of anxiety, by way of comparison.
drowsiness overcame the eye, or infected, or pervaded, the eye—ران النُّعَاسُ فِى العَيْنِ
Et-Tirimmáh says: [In fear that sleep might overcome them, by reason of the intoxication of their sensations of drowsiness, with every degree of overcoming]
shāhidمَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَرُونَ النَّوْمُ فِيهِمْبِسُكْرِ سِنَاتِهِمْ كُلَّ الرُّيُونِ
.
[This, together with a meaning assigned to مَرُونَ in the article رون, shows that رَانَ, meaning "he, or it, overcame", has يَرُونَ as well as يَرِينُ for its muḍāriʿ.]
death took him away—ران عَلَيْهِ المَوْتُ
Also ران بِهِ.
Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1
83:14
كَلَّا ۖ بَلْ ۜ رَانَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِم مَّا كَانُوا۟ يَكْسِبُونَBy no means! but on their hearts is the stain of the (ill) which they do!
Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.
Show Lane's original text
, [aor. يَرِينُ ,] inf. n. رَيْنٌ , [in its primary acceptation, app. signifies It was, or became, rusty, or covered with rust. And hence,] It (a garment, or piece of cloth,) was, or became, dirty, or filthy; syn. تَطَبَّعَ . (M, TA.) [Hence also,] رانت نَفْسَهُ , (S, M, K, *) aor. تَرِينُ , inf. n. as above, (S,) His soul [or stomach] became heavy; or heaved, or became agitated by a tendency to vomit; syn. غَثَتْ , (S, M, K,) and خَبُثَتْ . (S, K.) And ران عَلَيْهِ , (A'Obeyd, T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (Msb,) It (anything) covered it; namely, a thing: (M:) or it (anything) overcame him; (A'Obeyd, T, S, M, * Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ران بِهِ ; (A'Obeyd, T, S, Mgh, K;) and رَانَهُ . (A'Obeyd, S, Mgh, K.) [And رَانَ with يَرُونُ for its aor. signifies the same; as will be seen from a verse cited below.] You say of a sin, misdeed, or transgression, ( ذَنْب ,) ران عَلَى قَلْبِهِ , (Zj, T, S, Mgh, K,) aor. as above, (Zj, T, S,) inf. n. رَيْنٌ (Zj, T, S, M, K) and رُيُونٌ , (S, M, K,) It covered his heart: (Zj, T, M:) or it overcame his heart. (S, Mgh, K.) رَانَ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ مَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبوُنَ , in the Kur [lxxxiii. 14], means [What they used to do] hath become like rust upon the clearness of their hearts, so as to make the knowledge of good from evil to be obscured to them: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or hath covered their hearts: (Zj, T:) or hath overcome their hearts: [or hath spread a blackness upon their hearts; for,] accord. to El-Hasan, it means that sin has followed upon sin so that the heart has become black: (S:) and accord. to Aboo-Mo'adh the Grammarian, and a saying of the Prophet, الرَّيْنُ means the heart's becoming black in consequence of sins. (T.) You say also, رِينَ عَلى قَلْبِهِ His heart became covered [&c.]. (M.) And رِينَ بِهِ He was overcome: (T, Mgh:) or his property was beset by debt: (T:) or he fell into grief, by reason of debt: (M:) or he fell into that from which he could not escape, (AZ, T, S, Mgh, K,) and with which he had not power to cope: (AZ, T, S:) or i. q. اُنْقُطِعَ بِهِ [i. e. he became disabled from prosecuting his journey, his means having failed him, or his beast breaking down with him or perishing]; (T, S, M;) so says El-Kanánee El-Aarábee: (T, S:) and he died. (M.) And رَانَتْ بِهِ الخَمْرُ , (T,) or رانت عَلَيْهِ الخَمْرُ , (S, M, [in one copy of the S الحُمَّى ,]) The wine overcame him; (S, M;) and overwhelmed him: (M:) or overcame his heart and his reason: (T:) and in like manner one says of drowsiness, and of anxiety; by way of comparison. (M.) And ران النُّعَاسُ فِى العَيْنِ Drowsiness overcame the eye: (S, TA: *) or infected, or pervaded, the eye. (Msb.) Et-Tirimmáh says, 1 [In fear that sleep might overcome them, by reason of the intoxication of their sensations of drowsiness, with every degree of overcoming]. (TA. [This, together with a signification assigned to مَرُونَ in art. رون in the K, shows that رَانَ signifying “ he, or it, overcame, ” &c., has يَرُونَ as well as يَرِينُ for its aor.]) And you say also, ران عَلَيْهِ المَوْتُ , and ران بِهِ , Death took him away. (M.) مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَرُونَ النَّوْمُ فِيهِمْ | بِسُكْرِ سِنَاتِهِمْ كُلَّ الرُّيُونِ