ركن

Form 1 · Form 2 · Form 4 · Form 5 · 11 entries · Qur'ānic frequency 4

Form 1رَكَنَ إِلَيْهِ4 senses · 2 main

muḍāriʿـُيَفْعُلُ·ـَيَفْعَلُيَأَبَىيَفْضُلُmaṣdarرُكُونٌ رَكْنٌ رَكَانَةٌ

Core sense — he inclined to him, he relied upon himgenerated

1.1he inclined to him, or to it—نَعِمَ

of the dialect of the lower [app. in territory] of Mudar; Az says this is not chaste, though it, or the third form, seems to be the most common of the variants mentioned here.

Also رَكِنَ, mentioned by AZ.

And رَكَنَ, which combines two dialectal variants, the first and second of those above, because neither the medial nor the final radical letter is faucial. It is said to be the only instance of its kind except أَبَى, and رَكِنَ, which is likewise a mixture of two variants, like فَضِلَ and حَضِرَ.

also يَحْضُرُ and يَنْعُمُ; maṣdars رُكُونٌ, رَكَانَةٌ and رَكَانِيَةٌ; syn. مَالَ.

Also: he trusted to him, or relied upon him, so as to become easy, or quiet, in mind; syn. سَكَنَ. Or he leaned, or rested, upon him; syn. اِعْتَمَدَ عَلَيْهِ. Or he inclined to him in the least degree, رُكُونٌ meaning slight inclining.

and do not incline to those who have acted wrongfully—وَلَا تَرْكَنُوا إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا

In the Qur 11:115. Or: do not incline in the least degree. This is the general reading; also تِرْكَنُوا, accord. to the dialect of Temeem; and تُرْكَنُوا, in the passive form, from أَرْكَنَهُ.

Lane cites “Bd in xi. 115” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given

1.1.1he kept tenaciously to the place of alighting, or abode, and did not leave it—رَكِنَ فِى المَنْزِلِ

1.2it was inaccessible, or difficult of access—رَكُنَ

Maṣdars رَكَانَةٌ, رُكُونَةٌ and رَكَانِيَةٌ. Primarily, it seems, said of a mountain: having high, or strong, أَرْكَان, that is, sides or angles. See Har p. 561; and see رَكِينٌ below; and Form 5.

1.2.1figurative · مجاز

And hence, said of a man: he was, or became, firm, still, or motionless; grave, staid, steady, sedate, or calm.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1

11:113

وَلَا تَرْكَنُوٓا۟ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا۟ فَتَمَسَّكُمُ ٱلنَّارُ وَمَا لَكُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ مِنْ أَوْلِيَآءَ ثُمَّ لَا تُنصَرُونَ

And incline not to those who do wrong, or the Fire will seize you; and ye have no protectors other than Allah, nor shall ye be helped.

17:74

وَلَوْلَآ أَن ثَبَّتْنَـٰكَ لَقَدْ كِدتَّ تَرْكَنُ إِلَيْهِمْ شَيْـًٔا قَلِيلًا

And had We not given thee strength, thou wouldst nearly have inclined to them a little.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. رَكُنَ ; (S, Msb, K;) of the dial. of the lower ( سُفْلَى ) [app. in territory] of Mudar, and said by Az to be not chaste [thought it, or the third, seems to be the most common of the dial. vars. here mentioned]; (Msb;) and رَكِنَ aor. رَكَنَ ; (S, Msb, K;) mentioned by AZ; (S;) and رَكَنَ , aor. رَكَنَ ; (S, Msb, K;) which is a combination of two dial. vars., [namely, the first and second of those above mentioned,] (S, Msb,) because neither the medial nor the final radical letter is faucial; (Msb;) said to be the only instance of its kind except أَبَى aor. يَأَبَى ; (T in art. ابى ;) and رَكِنَ , aor. رَكُنَ ; which is likewise an instance of the commixture of two dial. vars., like فَضِلَ and حَضِرَ and نَعِمَ , aor. يَفْضُلُ and يَحْضُرُ and يَنْعُمُ ; (TA;) inf. n. رُكُونٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and رَكَانَةٌ and رَكَانِيَةٌ ; (TA;) He inclined to him, or it; syn. مَالَ : and he trusted to, or relied upon, him, or it, so as to be, or become, easy, or quiet, in mind; syn. سَكَنَ : (S, Mgh, K:) or he leaned, rested, or relied, upon him; syn. اِعْتَمَدَ عَلَيْهِ : (Msb:) or he inclined to him in the least degree; (Bd in xi. 115;) رُكُونٌ signifying slight inclining. (Ksh and Bd ibid.) It is said in the Kur [xi. 115], وَلَا تَرْكَنُوا إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا [And incline ye not, &c., to those who have acted wrongfully]: (S, Msb:) or, incline ye not in the least degree [&c.]: (Bd:) thus generally read; and also تِرْكَنُوا , (Ksh, Bd, TA,) accord. to the dial. of Temeem; and تُرْكَنُوا , in the pass. form, from أَرْكَنَهُ . (Ksh, Bd.) رَكِنَ فِى المَنْزِلِ , aor. رَكَنَ , inf. n. رَكْنٌ , He kept tenaciously to the place of alighting, or abode, ( ضَنَّ بِهِ ,) and did not relinquish it. (TA.) رَكُنَ , inf. n. رَكَانَةٌ (S, K) and رُكُونَةٌ (K) and رَكَانِيَةٌ , (TK,) [primarily, it seems, said of a mountain, meaning It was inaccessible, or difficult of access, having high, or strong أَرْكَان i. e. sides or angles: see Har p. 561; and see رَكِينٌ , below; and 5. And hence,] He (a man) was, or became, firm, (Har p. 561,) still, or motionless, (TA,) grave, staid, steady, sedate; or calm. (S, K, TA.)

Form 2ركّن1 sense

Core sense — he made it to have corners, or anglesgenerated

2.1

Golius, on the authority of the KL, says this means "he made like" ("similem fecit"), and Freytag explains it in the same way; but it is زكّن that has this meaning. In my copy of the KL, تَزْكِينٌ (not تَرْكِينٌ) is explained by مانند كردن.

Show Lane's original text

is said by Golius, as on the authority of the KL, to signify He made like, “ similem fecit: ” and hence Freytag also thus explains it: but it is زكّن that has this signification. In my copy of the KL, تَزْكِينٌ (not تَرْكِينٌ ) is expl. by مانند كردن .]

Form 4اركنهُ1 sense

Core sense — he made him incline to, or rely upon, anothergenerated

4.1

He made him incline [ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ to another]; syn. أَمَالَهُ. Also: he made him trust to, or rely upon, another, so as to become easy, or quiet, in mind; or he made him lean, or rest, upon another: see Form 1.

Hence a reading in the Qur 11:115.

Qur’ān 11:113 matched to Lane’s own quotation of it Lane cites “Kur xi. 115”

Qur’ān 11:113 Lane quotes this verse

And incline not to those who do wrong, or the Fire will seize you; and ye have no protectors other than Allah, nor shall ye be helped.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

Show Lane's original text

He made him to incline [ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ to another]; syn. أَمَالَهُ : [and to trust to, or rely upon, another, so as to be, or become, easy, or quiet, in mind: or to lean, rest, or rely, upon another: see 1:] whence a reading in the Kur xi. 115. (Ksh, Bd. *) See 1.

Form 5تركّن2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — he became firm, strong and hard to reach; he tried to be grave and steadygenerated

5.1

Said of a man — or primarily and properly of a thing, like رَكُنَ: he, or it, was, or became, firm, or strong, and inaccessible, or difficult of access.

5.1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

And hence: he tried, or forced himself, to be grave, staid, steady, sedate, or calm; syn. تَوَقَّرَ and تَرَزَّنَ.

Show Lane's original text

said of a man, (TA,) [or primarily and properly, of a thing, like رَكُنَ ,] He, [or it] was, or became, firm, or strong, (K, TA,) and inaccessible, or difficult of access. (TA.) And [hence,] He endeavoured, or constrained himself, to be grave, staid, steady, sedate, or calm; syn. تَوَقَّرَ , (K,) and تَرَزَّنَ . (TA.)

Derived nouns 7

Nounرَكْنٌ1 sense

Core sense — a large field-rat; a common rat or mousegenerated

1the large field-rat—جُرَذ

the common rat, or mouse—فَأْر

رُكَيْنٌ has the same meanings.

Show Lane's original text

The جُرَذ [or large field-rat]: and the فَأْر [or common rat or mouse]; as also رُكَيْنٌ . (K.)

Nounرُكْنٌ5 senses · 1 main

Core sense — the side, or corner, of a thing; a support; a strong people or partygenerated

1the side, or outward part, of a thing—جَانِب

Or the strongest جَانِب, that is, the strongest side, or outward part, of a thing of any kind.

the corner, or angle, of a house or room or the like—زَاوِيَة

K in art. زوى. This is perhaps what is meant by the strongest جانب, since the strongest outward part of a house is certainly the corner: so the angle of the Kaabeh in which the Black Stone is set is specially called رُكْنُ البَيْتِ, that is, رُكْنُ بَيْتِ ٱللّٰهِ.

The رُكْن of a قَصْر [or palace, or pavilion, etc.] is its جَانِب, or its strongest جانب, and so of a mountain. See رَكُنَ and رَكِينٌ.

The plural is أَرْكَانٌ and أَرْكُنٌ, each properly a plural of paucity, but the former is used as a plural of multitude.

The أَرْكَان of anything are its جَوَانِب, the sides, or outward parts, or the corners, on which it rests and by which it is supported.

The أَرْكَان of a land are its far parts, its sides or corners.

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredI looked for a blessing by means of him, or it—تَمَسَّحْتُ بِأَرْكَانِهِ

Hence, a stay, or support, of any kind: see an example under مِرْجَمٌ.

Its meaning is تَبَرَّكْتُ بِهِ.

Also a thing by which one is strengthened, such as dominion, an army or military force, and the like.

and he turned away from belief with his forces—فَتَوَلَّى بِرُكْنِهِ

So it has been explained in the Qur 51:39, his forces being to him like the رُكْن properly so termed.

Also a man's kinsfolk, or his nearer or nearest relations, his clan or tribe; syn. عَشِيرَةٌ; his people or party, and the higher among them, and those by whom he is aided and strengthened. ISd thought it so called by way of comparison to a رُكْن properly so termed.

or that I might have recourse to a strong people, or party—أَوْ آوِىَ رُكْنٍ شَدِيدٍ

So it has been explained in the Qur 11:82; or it there means عَشِيرَة.

he is a noble, one of the nobles of his people—هُوَ رُكْنٌ مِنْ أَرْكَانِ قَوْمِهِ

the limbs of a man, with which he gains or works, such as the arms and the legs—أَرْكَانُ الإِنْسَانِ

1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredhe has recourse to strong might and resistance—هُوَ يَأْوِى إِلَى رُكْنٍ شَدِيدٍ

So it has also been explained in the words of the Qur last cited above.

Also might, and resistance.

1.3figurative · مجاز — inferred

Also a thing, an affair, a case, an event, or an action of great magnitude or moment: momentous, formidable, or terrible.

AHeyth explains it in this way in the saying of En-Nábighah [Edh-Dhubyánee]:

shāhid

لَا تَقْذِفَنِّى بِرُكْنٍ لَا كِفَآءَ لَهُ

[By no means reproach me with a momentous, or a formidable, thing or action, an enormity that has no equal; though, he goes on to say, the enemies incite you, with companies of men aiding one another].

1.4figurative · مجاز — inferredthe essence of a thing; that by which a thing subsists—رُكْنُ الشَّىْءِ

In the conventional language of the schools. It is from التَّقَوُّمُ, because the قِوَام, or subsistence, of the thing is by its رُكْن, not from القِيَام; otherwise the agent would have to be a رُكْن to the action, and the substance to the accident, and the thing to which a quality is attributed to the quality. It is that without which the thing has no subsistence.

It is also applied to an essential part of the thing, that is, a part of the مَاهِيَّة, or essence, of the thing (Kull; and أَرْكَانُ الشَّىْءِ is likewise explained in the Msb as the parts of the ماهيّة of the thing), as when we say that القِيَام is a رُكْن of الصَّلَاْة; and it is applied as well to the whole مَاهيّة of the thing.

أَرْكَانُ العِبَادَاتِ means the fundamentals of the services of religion, by the neglect, or non-observance, of which they are ineffectual or void.

Or, as some say, رُكْنُ الشَّىْءِ means that by which the thing is complete, and this is intrinsic to it, unlike its شَرْط, or condition, which is outside it.

Qur’ānic occurrences رُكْن

11:80

قَالَ لَوْ أَنَّ لِى بِكُمْ قُوَّةً أَوْ ءَاوِىٓ إِلَىٰ رُكْنٍ شَدِيدٍ

He said: "Would that I had power to suppress you or that I could betake myself to some powerful support."

51:39

فَتَوَلَّىٰ بِرُكْنِهِۦ وَقَالَ سَـٰحِرٌ أَوْ مَجْنُونٌ

But (Pharaoh) turned back with his Chiefs, and said, "A sorcerer, or one possessed!"

Show Lane's original text

The جَانِب [meaning side, or outward part,] of a thing: (Msb:) or the strongest جَانِب [i. e. side, or outward part,] (S, K, TA) of a thing (S, TA) of any kind: (TA:) the corner, or angle, ( زَاوِيَة ,) of a house or room or the like: (K in art. زوى :) [and this is perhaps what is meant by the “ strongest جانب ; ” for the strongest outward part of the house is unquestionably the corner, or angle: thus the angle in which is the Black Stone, of the Kaabeh, is specially called رُكْنُ البَيْتِ , i. e. رُكْنُ بَيْتِ ٱللّٰهِ :] the رُكْن of a قَصْر [or palace, or pavilion, &c.,] is its جَانِب [or its strongest جانب ], and so of a mountain: (TA: [see رَكُنَ , and رَكِينٌ :]) the pl. is أَرْكَانٌ and أَرْكُنٌ [each properly a pl. of pauc., but the former is used as a pl. of mult.]: (Msb, TA:) the أَرْكَان of anything are is جَوَانِب [or sides, or outward parts, or its corners, or angles,] upon which it rests, and by which it is supported: (TA:) and the أَرْكَان of a land are its extremities [or sides or corners]. (Ham p. 478.) [Hence, A stay, or support, of any kind: see an ex. voce مِرْجَمٌ : whence, perhaps,] one says, تَمَسَّحْتُ بِأَرْكَانِهِ , meaning تَبَرَّكْتُ بِهِ [i. e. I looked for a blessing by means of him, or it]. (TA.) A thing whereby one is strengthened ( مَا يُقَوَّى بِهِ [in the CK ما تَقَوَّىبه ]), such as dominion ( مُلْك [in the CK مَلِك ]), and an army, or a military force, &c.: (K:) and thus it has been explained as occurring in the Kur [li. 39], where it is said, فَتَوَلَّى بِرُكْنِهِ , (TA,) i. e. And he turned away from belief with his forces; because they were to him like the رُكْن [properly so termed]. (Jel.) A man's kinsfolk; or nearer, or nearest, relations; or clan; or tribe; syn. عَشِيرَةٌ : (AHeyth, TA:) a man's people, or party; and the higher among them; and the persons by whom he is aided and strengthened: thought by ISd to be thus called by way of comparison [to a رُكْن properly so termed]: and thus it has been explained as used in the Kur [xi. 82], where it is said, أَوْ آوِىَ رُكْنٍ شَدِيدٍ [Or that I might have recourse to a strong people, or party, &c.]: (TA:) or it here means عَشِيرَة [explained above]. (Jel.) And A noble, or high, person; as in the saying, هُوَ رُكْنٌ مِنْ أَرْكَانِ قَوْمِهِ [He is a noble, of the nobles of his people]. (TA.) And أَرْكَانُ الإِنْسَانِ means The members, or limbs, of the man, with which things are gained or earned, or with which he works; as the hands or arms, and the feet or legs. (TA.) Also Might, and resistance: (S, K:) so in the saying, هُوَ يَأْوِى إِلَى رُكْنٍ شَدِيدٍ [He has recourse to strong, or vehement, might and resistance]: (S:) and so it has been explained as used in the words of the Kur last cited above. (TA.) And A thing, an affair, a case, an event, or an action, of great magnitude or moment, momentous, formidable, or terrible. (AHeyth, K.) Thus AHeyth explains it as used in the saying of En-Nábighah [Edh-Dhubyánee], 1 [By no means reproach thou me with a momentous, or a formidable, thing or action, or an enormity, that has not its equal; though (he proceeds to say) the enemies incite thee, with companies of men aiding one another]. (TA.) لَا تَقْذِفَنِّى بِرُكْنٍ لَا كِفَآءَ لَهُ In the conventional language [of the schools], رُكْنُ الشَّىْءِ means [The essence of the thing; or] that whereby the thing subsists: from التَّقَوُّمُ ; because the قِوَام [or subsistence] of the thing is by its رُكْن : not from القِيَام : else it would necessarily be the case that the agent would be a رُكْن to the action; and the substance, to the accident; and the thing to which a quality is attributed, to the quality: (KT:) it is that without which the thing has no subsistence: (Kull:) and is [also] applied to [an essential, or essential part, of the thing; i. e.,] a part of the مَاهِيَّة [or essence] of the thing, (Kull, [and in like manner أَرْكَانُ الشَّىْءِ is explained in the Msb as meaning the parts of the ماهيّة of the thing,]) as when we say that القِيَام is a رُكْن of الصَّلَاْة ; as well as to the whole مَاهيّة [of the thing]: (Kull:) [thus] أَرْكَانُ العِبَادَاتِ means the fundamentals [or essentials] of the services of religion, by the neglect, or non-observance, of which they are ineffectual, or null, or void: (TA:) or, as some say, رُكْنُ الشَّىْءِ means that whereby the thing is complete; and this is intrinsic therein; differing from the شَرْط [or condition] thereof, which is extrinsic thereto. (KT.)

Nounرَكِينٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a mountain with high, strong sides; a grave, steady mangenerated

A mountain having high أَرْكَان [i. e. sides, or angles]; or having strong اركان; or inaccessible, difficult of access, having اركان.

1.1figurative · مجاز

And hence, a man who is firm, still, or motionless; grave, staid, steady, sedate, or calm.

Show Lane's original text

A mountain having high أَرْكَان [i. e. sides, or angles]: (S, K:) or having strong اركان : (TA:) or inaccessible, or difficult of access, having اركان . (Har p. 561.) And hence, (Har ibid.,) A man (S, K, &c.) firm, (Har,) still, or motionless, (TA,) grave, staid, steady, sedate, or calm. (S, K, Har, TA.)

Nounرُكَيْنٌ1 sense

Core sense — a large field-rat; a common rat or mousegenerated

See رَكْنٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see رَكْنٌ .

Nounأَرْكُونٌ1 sense

Core sense — a great headman, or chief, of a village or towngenerated

1a great headman, or chief, of a village or town—دِهْقَان

Apparently from the Greek, though it is said that he is so called because the people of the village or town trust to him and incline to him.

Show Lane's original text

A great دِهْقَان , (K, TA,) i. e. headman, or chief, of a village or town: [app. from the Greek ; though it is said that] he is thus called because the people of the village or town trust to him and incline to him. (TA.)

Nounمِرْكَنٌ1 sense

Core sense — a large leather vessel for water; a tub in which clothes are washedgenerated

1they sowed the sweet-smelling plants in the مراكين—زَرَعُوا الرَّيَا حِينَ فِى المَرَاكِينِ

A well-known kind of vessel, like a تَوْر [q. v.], made of leather and used for water; or the same as إِجَّانَةٌ [q. v.], in which clothes and the like are washed; called in Persian تَغَارْ.

Plural مَرَاكِنُ and مَرَاكِينُ.

Show Lane's original text

A kind of vessel, well known, (K, TA,) like a تَوْر [q. v.], of leather, used for water: (TA:) or i. q. إِجَّانَةٌ [q.v.], (S, Mgh, Msb, TA,) in which clothes and the like are washed; (TA;) called in Pers. تَغَارْ : (Mgh:) pl. مَرَاكِنُ and مَرَاكِينُ . (TA.) One says, زَرَعُوا الرَّيَا حِينَ فِى المَرَاكِينِ [They sowed the sweet-smelling plants in the مراكين ]. (TA.)

Nounمُرَكَّنٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — having corners, or angles; great in the uddergenerated

A thing having أَرْكَان, here meaning corners, or angles.

1.1a great udder—ضَرْعٌ مُرَكَّنٌ

Hence: as though it had اركان; an udder that has opened, or expanded, in its place so as to fill the أَرْفَاغ, or groins, and is not very long.

Tarafeh says:

shāhid

وَضَرَّتُهَا مُرَكَّنَةٌ دَرُورُ

[And her udder is great, having much milk.] Accord. to AA, مركّنة here signifies مجمّعة, apparently meaning collecting much.

a she-camel great in the udder—نَاقَةٌ مُرَكَّنَةُ الضَّرْعِ

Or one whose udder has أَرْكَان because of its greatness.

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A thing having أَرْكَان [here meaning corners, or angles]. (TA.) [Hence,] ضَرْعٌ مُرَكَّنٌ A great udder; as though having اركان : (S, TA:) and an udder that has opened [or expanded] in its place so as to fill the أَرْفَاغ [or groins], and is not very long. (TA.) Tarafeh says, 1 [And her udder is great, having much milk: or,] accord. to AA, مركّنة [here] signifies مجمّعة [app. meaning collecting much]. (TA.) And you say also نَاقَةٌ مُرَكَّنَةُ الضَّرْعِ (S, TA) [A she-camel great in the udder; or] whose udder has أَرْكَان by reason of its greatness. (TA.) وَضَرَّتُهَا مُرَكَّنَةٌ دَرُورُ