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ربو

Form 1 · Form 2 · Form 3 · Form 4 · Form 5  ·  28 entries  ·  Qur'ānic frequency 20

Form 1رَبَا9 senses · 2 main
maṣdarرَبْوٌ رُبُوٌّ رَبَآءٍmuḍāriʿيَرْبُو يَرْبَى

Core sense — it increased; he grew up; he became out of breathgenerated

1.1and what you give of forbidden addition in commercial dealing, that is, of usury—وَمَا آتَيْتُمْ لِيَرْبُوَ فِى أَمْوَالِ ٱلنَّاسِ فَلَا يَرْبُو عِنْدَ ٱللّٰهِ

(so in copies of the S; in one of my copies of the S it is not mentioned), or رُبُوٌّ and رَبَآءٌ; the last of these is written wrongly in some copies of the K as رِبَآء.

It (a thing) increased. Said of property; or, said of property, it increased by usury.

In the Kur 30:38. Or: what you give of anything for the sake of receiving more in return; and most expositors do not hold this to be forbidden, though there is no recompense [from God] for one who exceeds what he has received. In order that it may increase the possessions of men, it shall not increase with God, nor will He bless it.

Some read لِتُرْبُوا, meaning: in order that you may increase [the property of men], or in order that you may have forbidden addition [or usury in it]. So the people of El-Hijáz, or Náfi' and Yaakoob.

1.1.1

Also: it became high.

1.1.2he grew up—رَبَا

Muḍāriʿ of the first as above; muḍāriʿ of the second يَرْبَى. Said of a child.

he grew up—رَبِىَ
I grew up [among the sons of such a one, or in his care and protection]—رَبَوْتُ فِى بَنِى فُلَانٍ

Maṣdars رُبُوٌّ and رُبْوٌ, with damm, the latter on the authority of Lh; the K has رَبْوٌ with fet-h, but it is correctly with damm.

I grew up there—فِى حَجْرِهِ
I grew up there—رَبِيتُ

In the copies of the K this is wrongly written رَبَيْتُ. Its maṣdars are رَبَآءٍ and رُبِىٌّ; the latter appears in the CK as رَبِىٌّ, which is a mistranscription.

1.1.3the ground became large, and swelled—رَبَتِ الأَرْضُ

Said of ground that has been rained upon.

In the Kur 22:5 and 41:39, in place of وَرَبَتْ some read وَرَبَأَتٌ. The first means: and it becomes large, and swells, or increases; the second means: and it rises. [See art. ربأ.]

Qur’ān 22:5 approximate — somewhere between 22:2 and 22:11 Lane cites “Kur xxii. 5”
Qur’ān 22:5 the verse Lane’s citation points to, and it uses this root
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ إِن كُنتُمْ فِى رَيْبٍ مِّنَ ٱلْبَعْثِ فَإِنَّا خَلَقْنَـٰكُم مِّن تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ مِن نُّطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ عَلَقَةٍ ثُمَّ مِن مُّضْغَةٍ مُّخَلَّقَةٍ وَغَيْرِ مُخَلَّقَةٍ لِّنُبَيِّنَ لَكُمْ ۚ وَنُقِرُّ فِى ٱلْأَرْحَامِ مَا نَشَآءُ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى ثُمَّ نُخْرِجُكُمْ طِفْلًا ثُمَّ لِتَبْلُغُوٓا۟ أَشُدَّكُمْ ۖ وَمِنكُم مَّن يُتَوَفَّىٰ وَمِنكُم مَّن يُرَدُّ إِلَىٰٓ أَرْذَلِ ٱلْعُمُرِ لِكَيْلَا يَعْلَمَ مِنۢ بَعْدِ عِلْمٍ شَيْـًٔا ۚ وَتَرَى ٱلْأَرْضَ هَامِدَةً فَإِذَآ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْهَا ٱلْمَآءَ ٱهْتَزَّتْ وَرَبَتْ وَأَنۢبَتَتْ مِن كُلِّ زَوْجٍۭ بَهِيجٍ

O mankind! if ye have a doubt about the Resurrection, (consider) that We created you out of dust, then out of sperm, then out of a leech-like clot, then out of a morsel of flesh, partly formed and partly unformed, in order that We may manifest (our power) to you; and We cause whom We will to rest in the wombs for an appointed term, then do We bring you out as babes, then (foster you) that ye may reach your age of full strength; and some of you are called to die, and some are sent back to the feeblest old age, so that they know nothing after having known (much), and (further), thou seest the earth barren and lifeless, but when We pour down rain on it, it is stirred (to life), it swells, and it puts forth every kind of beautiful growth (in pairs).Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

1.1.4the سويق [or meal of parched barley] had water poured on it, and so swelled—رَبَا السَّوِيقُ

.

In the copies of the K, رَبَا السَّوِيقَ is explained as meaning: he poured water on the سويق, and it consequently swelled.

1.1.5he became swollen, or inflated, from running, or from fear or fright—رَبَا

Said of a horse..

1.1.6[we pursued the chase until] we became out of breath—طَلَبْنَا الصَّيْدَ حَتَّى تَرَبَّيْنَا

He was, or became, affected with what is termed رَبْوٌ: he was out of breath; his breath became interrupted through fatigue or running and the like; or he panted, breathing shortly and without a break. Synonym اِنْبَهَرَ.

تربّى has the same meaning.

Synonym بُهِرْنَا.

1.1.7

See also form 4.

1.2I ascended, or mounted, upon the hill, or elevated ground—رَبَوْتُ الرَّابِيَةَ
Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1
22:5
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ إِن كُنتُمْ فِى رَيْبٍ مِّنَ ٱلْبَعْثِ فَإِنَّا خَلَقْنَـٰكُم مِّن تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ مِن نُّطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ عَلَقَةٍ ثُمَّ مِن مُّضْغَةٍ مُّخَلَّقَةٍ وَغَيْرِ مُخَلَّقَةٍ لِّنُبَيِّنَ لَكُمْ ۚ وَنُقِرُّ فِى ٱلْأَرْحَامِ مَا نَشَآءُ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى ثُمَّ نُخْرِجُكُمْ طِفْلًا ثُمَّ لِتَبْلُغُوٓا۟ أَشُدَّكُمْ ۖ وَمِنكُم مَّن يُتَوَفَّىٰ وَمِنكُم مَّن يُرَدُّ إِلَىٰٓ أَرْذَلِ ٱلْعُمُرِ لِكَيْلَا يَعْلَمَ مِنۢ بَعْدِ عِلْمٍ شَيْـًٔا ۚ وَتَرَى ٱلْأَرْضَ هَامِدَةً فَإِذَآ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْهَا ٱلْمَآءَ ٱهْتَزَّتْ وَرَبَتْ وَأَنۢبَتَتْ مِن كُلِّ زَوْجٍۭ بَهِيجٍ

O mankind! if ye have a doubt about the Resurrection, (consider) that We created you out of dust, then out of sperm, then out of a leech-like clot, then out of a morsel of flesh, partly formed and partly unformed, in order that We may manifest (our power) to you; and We cause whom We will to rest in the wombs for an appointed term, then do We bring you out as babes, then (foster you) that ye may reach your age of full strength; and some of you are called to die, and some are sent back to the feeblest old age, so that they know nothing after having known (much), and (further), thou seest the earth barren and lifeless, but when We pour down rain on it, it is stirred (to life), it swells, and it puts forth every kind of beautiful growth (in pairs).

30:39
وَمَآ ءَاتَيْتُم مِّن رِّبًا لِّيَرْبُوَا۟ فِىٓ أَمْوَٰلِ ٱلنَّاسِ فَلَا يَرْبُوا۟ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ ۖ وَمَآ ءَاتَيْتُم مِّن زَكَوٰةٍ تُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَ ٱللَّهِ فَأُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْمُضْعِفُونَ

That which ye lay out for increase through the property of (other) people, will have no increase with Allah: but that which ye lay out for charity, seeking the Countenance of Allah, (will increase): it is these who will get a recompense multiplied.

41:39
وَمِنْ ءَايَـٰتِهِۦٓ أَنَّكَ تَرَى ٱلْأَرْضَ خَـٰشِعَةً فَإِذَآ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْهَا ٱلْمَآءَ ٱهْتَزَّتْ وَرَبَتْ ۚ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَحْيَاهَا لَمُحْىِ ٱلْمَوْتَىٰٓ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ

And among His Signs in this: thou seest the earth barren and desolate; but when We send down rain to it, it is stirred to life and yields increase. Truly, He Who gives life to the (dead) earth can surely give life to (men) who are dead. For He has power over all things.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

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, aor. يَرْبُو , (T, S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. رَبْوٌ , (so in copies of the S, [in one of my copies of the S not mentioned,]) or رُبُوٌّ and رَبَآءٌ , (M, K, TA,) the latter erroneously written in [some of] the copies of the K رِبَآء , (TA,) It (a thing, T, S, Msb) increased, or augmented. (T, S, M, Msb, K.) Said, in this sense, of property: (Mgh:) or, said of property, It increased by usury. (M, TA.) وَمَا آتَيْتُمْ لِيَرْبُوَ فِى أَمْوَالِ ٱلنَّاسِ فَلَا يَرْبُو عِنْدَ ٱللّٰهِ , in the Kur [xxx. 38], (T, Bd,) means And what ye give of forbidden addition in commercial dealing, [i. e. of usury,] (Bd,) or what ye give of anything for the sake of receiving more in return, (Zj, T, Bd,) and this is not forbidden accord. to most of the expositions, though there is no recompense [from God] for him who exceeds what he has received, (Zj, T,) in order that it may increase the possessions of men, (T, * Bd,) it shall not increase with God, (T, Bd,) nor will He bless it: (Bd:) some (namely, the people of El-Hijáz, T, or Náfi' and Yaakoob, Bd) read لِتُرْبُوا , (T, Bd,) meaning, in order that ye may increase [the property of men], or in order that ye may have forbidden addition [or usury therein]. (Bd.) Also It became high. (Msb, * TA.) رَبَا , aor. as above; and رَبِىَ , aor. يَرْبَى ; said of a child, He grew up. (Msb.) You say, رَبَوْتُ فِى بَنِى فُلَانٍ , (S,) or فِى حَجْرِهِ , inf. n. رُبُوٌّ (M, K, TA) and رُبْوٌ , (M, TA,) with damm, (TA,) this latter on the authority of Lh, (M, TA,) accord. to the K رَبْوٌ , with fet-h, but correctly with damm; (TA;) and رَبِيتُ , (S, M, TA,) in the copies of the K erroneously written رَبَيْتُ , (TA,) inf. n. رَبَآءٍ and رُبِىٌّ ; (M, K, TA; [the latter, accord. to the CK, رَبِىٌّ , which is a mistranscription;]) I grew up [among the sons of such a one, or in his care and protection]. (S, M, K.) رَبَتِ الأَرْضُ The ground [being rained upon] became large, and swelled. (M, TA.) In the Kur xxii. 5 and xli. 39, for وَرَبَتْ , some read وَرَبَأَتٌ : the former means and [becomes large, and swells; or] increases: the latter means “ and rises. ” (T. [See art. ربأ .]) رَبَا السَّوِيقُ , inf. n. رُبُوٌّ , The سويق [or meal of parched barley] had water poured upon it, and in consequence swelled: (M, TA:) in the copies of the K, رَبَا السَّوِيقَ , expl. as meaning he poured water on the سويق , and it consequently swelled. (TA.) رَبَا said of a horse, (S, K,) aor. يَرْبُو , (TA,) inf. n. رَبْوٌ , (K,) He became swollen, or inflated, from running, or from fear, or fright (S, K.) He was, or became, affected with what is termed رَبْوٌ ; (S, M, K;) i. e. he was, or became, out of breath; his breath became interrupted by reason of fatigue or running &c.; or he panted, or breathed shortly or uninterruptedly; syn. اِنْبَهَرَ : (TA:) and so تربّى ; for you say, طَلَبْنَا الصَّيْدَ حَتَّى تَرَبَّيْنَا , i. e. [We pursued the chase until] we became out of breath; &c.; syn. بُهِرْنَا . (M.) See also 4. رَبَوْتُ الرَّابِيَةَ I ascended, or mounted, upon the hill, or elevated ground. (S, K.)
Form 2رَبَّيْتُهُ3 senses · 1 main
maṣdarتَرْبِيَةٌ

Core sense — I reared him, I brought him up; I preserved fruit with sugar or honeygenerated

2.1I reared, or cultivated, plants or trees—رَبَّيْتُ

. I reared him, fostered him, or brought him up — namely, a child; I fed, or nourished, him or it — a child, or anything that grows or increases, such as a child, seed-produce, and the like. Also تَرَبَّيْتُهُ.

Er-Rāghib: the first of these is said to be originally رَبَبْتُهُ. [See 1 in art. رب, in two places.]

it fostered plants or herbage—ربّى

Said of earth, or soil. (L in art. رشح and elsewhere.)

it produces blossoms, but does not mature its produce—يُنَوِّرُ وَلَا يُرَبِّى

Said of a tree.

2.1.1figurative · مجاز[I preserved the citron with honey]—رَبَّيْتُ الأْتْرُجَّ بِعَسَلٍ
[I preserved the roses with sugar]—الوَرْدَ بِسُكَّرٍ

Like رَبَّبْتُهُ.

2.1.2figurative · مجازI removed, or eased, [his cord with which he was being strangled; apparently meaning, his straitness]—رَبَّيْتُ عَنْ خِنَاقِهِ

In the CK خُناقِه, which I think a mistranscription.

Mentioned by Z. [See a similar phrase in art. رخو, form 4.]

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 2
17:24
وَٱخْفِضْ لَهُمَا جَنَاحَ ٱلذُّلِّ مِنَ ٱلرَّحْمَةِ وَقُل رَّبِّ ٱرْحَمْهُمَا كَمَا رَبَّيَانِى صَغِيرًا

And, out of kindness, lower to them the wing of humility, and say: "My Lord! bestow on them thy Mercy even as they cherished me in childhood."

26:18
قَالَ أَلَمْ نُرَبِّكَ فِينَا وَلِيدًا وَلَبِثْتَ فِينَا مِنْ عُمُرِكَ سِنِينَ

(Pharaoh) said: "Did we not cherish thee as a child among us, and didst thou not stay in our midst many years of thy life?

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

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, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَرْبِيَةٌ , (S, K,) I reared him, fostered him, or brought him up; (M, Msb;) namely, a child: (Msb:) I fed, or nourished, him, or it; (S, Mgh, K;) namely, a child, (Mgh,) or anything of what grows, or increases, such as a child, and seedproduce, and the like; (S;) as also تَرَبَّيْتُهُ : (Mgh, K:) the former is said to be originally رَبَبْتُهُ . (Er-Rághib, TA. [See 1 in art. رب , in two places.]) [Thus رَبَّيْتُ signifies I reared, or cultivated, plants or trees.] And ربّى is said of earth, or soil, meaning It fostered plants or herbage. (L in art. رشح , &c.) And يُنَوِّرُ وَلَا يُرَبِّى is said of a tree [as meaning It produces blossoms, but does not mature its produce]. (AHn, M and L in art. مظ .) رَبَّيْتُ الأْتْرُجَّ بِعَسَلٍ [I preserved the citron with honey], and الوَرْدَ بِسُكَّرٍ [the roses with sugar: like رَبَّبْتُهُ ]. (TA.) رَبَّيْتُ عَنْ خِنَاقِهِ [in the CK خُناقِه , which I think a mistranscription,] I removed, or eased, [his cord with which he was being strangled; app. meaning, his straitness;] (K;) mentioned by Z. (TA.) [See a similar phrase in art. رخو , conj. 4.]
Form 3راباهُ2 senses · 1 main
maṣdarمُرَابَاةٌ

Core sense — he practised usury with him; he treated him gently, he coaxed himgenerated

3.1

in the K, in art. مجر, given as a synonym of مَاجَرَهُ.

[He practised usury, or the like, with him: used in this sense at the present day.]

3.1.1I treated him with gentleness, or blandishment; I soothed, coaxed, or cajoled him—رَابَيْتُهُ

The maṣdar is as above.

Show Lane's original text
, (K in art. مجر , as syn. of مَاجَرَهُ ,) inf. n. مُرَابَاةٌ , (TA ibid.,) [He practised usury, or the like, with him: used in this sense in the present day.] And رَابَيْتُهُ , (K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) I treated him with gentleness, or blandishment; soothed, coaxed, wheedled, or cajoled, him. (K, * TA.)
Form 4أَرْبَيْتُهُ5 senses · 2 main

Core sense — I increased it; he practised usury; he exceededgenerated

4.1and He will increase, or augment, alms-deeds—وَيُرْبِى الصَّدَقَاتِ

In some copies of the K this is wrongly written ارتبيته.

In the Kur 2:277: He will multiply the recompense of alms-deeds, and bless them.

I increased, or augmented, it.

See also an example in form 1.

4.2I took more than I gave—أَرْبَيْتُ
4.2.1he engaged in, or entered upon, الرِّبَا [that is, the practising, or taking, of usury or the like]—اربى

Said of a man. Also رَبَا: he practised, or took, usury or the like.

إِرْبَآءٌ and رَبْوٌ, as maṣdars, both mean in Persian رِبَا خوُرْدَنْ.

[In the TA, رَبَا, said of a man, is explained by the words حصل فى ربوة; but I think the right reading must be حَصَّلَ فِى رِبًوا or مِنْ رِبًوا, and the meaning: he acquired in the practice of usury or the like, or he acquired of usury or the like.]

See again an example in form 1.

4.2.2he exceeded [the age of fifty, and the like]—اربى عَلَى الخَمْسَينَ

Also وَنَحْوِهَا.

4.2.3

[أَرْبَى, said of the عَرْفَج in a copy of the S, in art. رقط, is a mistranscription for أَدْبَى, with dál.]

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 4
2:276
يَمْحَقُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلرِّبَوٰا۟ وَيُرْبِى ٱلصَّدَقَـٰتِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ كَفَّارٍ أَثِيمٍ

Allah will deprive usury of all blessing, but will give increase for deeds of charity: For He loveth not creatures ungrateful and wicked.

16:92
وَلَا تَكُونُوا۟ كَٱلَّتِى نَقَضَتْ غَزْلَهَا مِنۢ بَعْدِ قُوَّةٍ أَنكَـٰثًا تَتَّخِذُونَ أَيْمَـٰنَكُمْ دَخَلًۢا بَيْنَكُمْ أَن تَكُونَ أُمَّةٌ هِىَ أَرْبَىٰ مِنْ أُمَّةٍ ۚ إِنَّمَا يَبْلُوكُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِهِۦ ۚ وَلَيُبَيِّنَنَّ لَكُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ مَا كُنتُمْ فِيهِ تَخْتَلِفُونَ

And be not like a woman who breaks into untwisted strands the yarn which she has spun, after it has become strong. Nor take your oaths to practise deception between yourselves, lest one party should be more numerous than another: for Allah will test you by this; and on the Day of Judgment He will certainly make clear to you (the truth of) that wherein ye disagree.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
(in [some of] the copies of the K, erroneously, ارتبيته , TA) I increased, or augmented, it. (M, K, TA.) Hence, in the Kur [ii. 277], وَيُرْبِى الصَّدَقَاتِ (M, TA) And He will increase, or augment, alms-deeds; (Jel;) will multiply the recompense thereof, (Bd, Jel,) and bless them. (Bd.) See also an ex. in the first paragraph. أَرْبَيْتُ I took more than I gave. (S.) [Hence,] اربى , said of a man, signifies [particularly] He engaged in, or entered upon, الرِّبَا [i. e. the practising, or taking, of usury or the like; he practised, or took, usury or the like; as also رَبَا , aor. رَبْوٌ ; for] إِرْبَآءٌ and رَبْوٌ , as inf. ns., both signify, in Pers., رِبَا خوُرْدَنْ . (KL. [In the TA, رَبَا , said of a man, is expl. by the words حصل فى ربوة : but I think that the right reading must be حَصَّلَ فِى رِبًوا , or مِنْ رِبًوا ; and the meaning, He acquired in the practice of usury or the like, or he acquired of usury or the like.]) See, again, an ex. in the first paragraph. اربى عَلَى الخَمْسَينَ , (M, Msb,) وَنَحْوِهَا , (M,) He exceeded [the age of fifty, and the like]. (M, Msb.) [ أَرْبَى said of the عَرْفَج , in a copy of the S, in art رقط is a mistranscription for أَدْبَى , with dál.]
Form 5تربّى3 senses

Core sense — he was reared, fostered, or brought upgenerated

5.1

Said of a child: he was, or became, fed, or nourished; or reared, fostered, or brought up.

5.2

See also form 1, near the end of the paragraph.

5.3

تَرَبَّيْتُهُ: see form 2.

Show Lane's original text
, said of a child, (Mgh, Msb,) He was, or became, fed, or nourished; (Mgh;) or reared, fostered, or brought up. (Msb.) See also 1, near the end of the paragraph. تَرَبَّيْتُهُ : see 2.

Derived nouns 23

Nounرَبْوٌ3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — shortness of breath, panting; a company of mengenerated

1

See رُبْوَةٌ.

1.1a company; or, as some say, ten thousand—رِبْوَةٌ

Also: a company of men; plural أَرْبَآءُ.

Also رُبَّةٌ in this sense. According to the A, the first of these two words means a great company of men, such as ten thousand.

It is said in the K that رِبْوَةٌ means ten thousand dirhems, and likewise رُبَةٌ; but this assertion contains errors, for the first of these two words means what has just been explained, and the second has teshdeed, belongs to art. رب, and means a company [or great company] of men.

2

Also, and رَبْوَةٌ: the state of being out of breath; interruption of the breath through fatigue or running and the like; or a panting, or breathing shortly and without a break; synonyms بُهْرٌ and اِنْبِهَارٌ. Or a loud (literally, high) breathing; and a state of inflation of the جَوْف [or chest].

[The first of these words is now often used for asthma.]

Show Lane's original text
: see رُبْوَةٌ . Also A company (IAar, T, K, TA) of men: (IAar, T, TA:) pl. أَرْبَآءُ : (IAar, T, K, TA:) and رِبْوَةٌ likewise signifies a company; or, as some say, ten thousand; as also رُبَّةٌ ; (M, TA;) or the former of these two words, (i. e. ربوة ,) accord. to the A, signifies a great company of men, such as ten thousand. (TA.) It is said in the K that رِبْوَةٌ signifies Ten thousand dirhems; as also رُبَةٌ : but in this assertion are errors; for the former of these two words signifies as explained in the foregoing sentence; and the latter of them is with teshdeed, belonging to art. رب , and signifies a company [or great company] of men. (TA.) Also, (T, S, M, K, TA,) and رَبْوَةٌ , (M, TA,) The state of being out of breath; interruption of the breath by reason of fatigue or running &c.: or a panting, or breathing shortly or uninterruptedly: syn. بُهْرٌ , (T, M, TA,) and اِنْبِهَارٌ : (TA:) or a loud (lit. high) breathing: (S:) and a state of inflation of the جَوْف [or chest]. (M, TA.) [The former word is now often used as signifying Asthma.]
Nounرِبًا1 sense

Core sense — usury; an excess, an addition over and above the principal sumgenerated

1a dialectal variant of رِبًوا [or رِبًا]—رُبْيَةٌ

Also written رِبًوا [for it is often thus written, and generally so in the copies of the Kur-án], with the short ا according to the best-known pronunciation, [which implies that it is also pronounced رِبَآءٌ].

Er-Rāghib: an excess, and an addition; an addition over and above the principal sum [that is lent or expended]; but in the law it means an addition obtained in a particular way.

[That is, usury and the like, meaning both unlawful and lawful interest or profit, and the practice of taking such interest or profit.] It occurs in lending, in buying and selling, and in giving, and is of two kinds, unlawful and lawful. The unlawful is any loan for which one receives more than the loan, or by which one draws a profit, [and the gain made in this way;] the lawful is a gift by which a man invites more than it to be given to him, or a gift that he gives in order that more than it may be given to him, [and the addition that he so obtains].

It generally means an addition obtained by selling food [and the like] for food [and the like], or ready money for ready money to be paid at an appointed time, or by exchanging either of such things for more of the same kind; or the taking of an addition in lending and in selling.

[It is said to be] the same as عِينَةٌ, [but although رِبًا and عِينَةٌ are both sometimes applicable in the same case, neither can properly be said to be generally explanatory of the other, or synonymous with it: رِبَا النَّسِيْئَةِ is a term used specially for profit obtained where payment is delayed, and رِبَا الفَضْلِ for profit obtained by the superior value of a thing received over that of a thing given.]

The dual of رِبًا or رِبًوا is رِبَوَانِ and رِبَيَانِ; the first agrees with the original form, while the ى in the second is due to the imáleh caused by the preceding kesreh. See an example near the beginning of form 1 in this article.

So pronounced by the Arabs, but the relaters of a tradition in which it occurs say رُبِّيَّةٌ, or, as some say, رُبَيَّةٌ, as though this were the diminutive of رُبْيَةٌ. By rule it should be رُبْوَةٌ; or, according to Z, رُبّيَّةٌ may be of the measure فُعُّولَةٌ, from الرِّبَا. [See also رَمَآءٌ in art. رمى.]

Lane cites “Bd in ii. 276” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given
Show Lane's original text
, (T, M, Msb, K,) or رِبًوا , (S, Mgh,) [for it is often thus written, and generally thus in the copies of the Kur-án,] with the short ا accord. to the pronunciation best known, (Msb,) [which implies that it is also pronounced رِبَآءٌ ,] An excess, and an addition: (Msb:) an addition over and above the principal sum [that is lent or expended]: but in the law it signifies an addition obtained in a particular manner: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [i. e. usury, and the like; meaning both unlawful, and lawful, interest or profit; and the practice of taking such interest or profit:] it is in lending, (Zj, T,) or in buying and selling, (S,) and in giving: and is of two kinds; unlawful, and lawful: the unlawful is any loan for which one receives more than the loan, or by means of which one draws a profit; [and the gain made by such means:] and the lawful is a gift by which a man invites more than it to be given to him, or a gift that he gives in order that more than it may be given to him; [and the addition that he so obtains:] (Zj, T:) [it generally means] an addition that is obtained by selling food [&c.] for food [&c.], or ready money for ready money, to be paid at an appointed period; or by exchanging either of such things for more of the same kind: (Bd in ii. 276:) or the taking of an addition in lending and in selling: (PS:) [it is said to be] i. q. عِينَةٌ : (M, K:) [but although رِبًا and عِينَةٌ are both applicable sometimes in the same case, neither of them can be properly said to be generally explanatory of the other, or syn. therewith: رِبَا النَّسِيْئَةِ is a term specially employed to signify profit obtained in the case of a delay of payment: and رِبَا الفَضْلِ to signify profit obtained by the superior value of a thing received over that of a thing given:] the dual of رِبًا (M, Msb, K) or رِبًوا (S) is رِبَوَانِ and رِبَيَانِ ; (S, M, Msb, K;) the former being agreeable with the original; (M, Msb;) the ى in the latter being because of the imáleh occasioned by the preceding kesreh. (M.) See an ex. near the beginning of the first paragraph of this art. رُبْيَةٌ , thus pronounced by the Arabs, but by the relaters of a trad., in which it occurs, رُبِّيَّةٌ , (Fr, T, S, Mgh,) or, as some say, رُبَيَّةٌ , as though this were the dim. of رُبْيَةٌ , (Mgh,) is a dial. var. of رِبًوا [or رِبًا ]; and by rule should be رُبْوَةٌ : (Fr, T, S, Mgh:) or, accord. to Z, رُبّيَّةٌ may be of the measure فُعُّولَةٌ from الرِّبَا . (TA.) [See also رَمَآءٌ , in art. رمى .]
Nounرُبَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a hill, elevated groundgenerated

1

See رَبْوٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see رَبْوٌ .
Nounرَبْوَةٌ2 senses

Core sense — a hill, elevated groundgenerated

1

See the next paragraph.

2

And see also رَبْوٌ.

Qur’ānic occurrences رَبْوَة
2:265
وَمَثَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمْوَٰلَهُمُ ٱبْتِغَآءَ مَرْضَاتِ ٱللَّهِ وَتَثْبِيتًا مِّنْ أَنفُسِهِمْ كَمَثَلِ جَنَّةٍۭ بِرَبْوَةٍ أَصَابَهَا وَابِلٌ فَـَٔاتَتْ أُكُلَهَا ضِعْفَيْنِ فَإِن لَّمْ يُصِبْهَا وَابِلٌ فَطَلٌّ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ

And the likeness of those who spend their substance, seeking to please Allah and to strengthen their souls, is as a garden, high and fertile: heavy rain falls on it but makes it yield a double increase of harvest, and if it receives not Heavy rain, light moisture sufficeth it. Allah seeth well whatever ye do.

23:50
وَجَعَلْنَا ٱبْنَ مَرْيَمَ وَأُمَّهُۥٓ ءَايَةً وَءَاوَيْنَـٰهُمَآ إِلَىٰ رَبْوَةٍ ذَاتِ قَرَارٍ وَمَعِينٍ

And We made the son of Mary and his mother as a Sign: We gave them both shelter on high ground, affording rest and security and furnished with springs.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
: see the next paragraph: and see also رَبْوٌ .
Nounرُبْوَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a hill, an elevation of ground, an elevated placegenerated

1

Also رَبْوَةٌ and رِبْوَةٌ — of these three forms the first is preferred, or most common, and the second is of the dialect of Temeem — and also رَبْوٌ, رَبَاوَةٌ, رِبَاوَةٌ, رُبَاوَةٌ, رَابِيَةٌ and رَبَآءَةٌ.

A hill; that is, an elevation of ground, or elevated ground; or an elevated place: so called because it is high.

The plural of رُبْوَةٌ is رُبًى and رُبِىٌّ; the plural of رَابِيَةٌ is رَوَابٍ.

ISh explains this last as meaning elevated sands, like the دَكْدَاكَة, but higher and softer, the latter being more compact and rugged. The رابية, he says, has depression and elevation in it; it produces the best and the most numerous of the herbs, or leguminous plants, that are found in the sands, and men alight upon it.

Show Lane's original text
and رَبْوَةٌ and رِبْوَةٌ ; (T, S, M, Msb, K;) the first of which is preferred, (T,) or most common; (Msb;) and the second, of the dial. of Temeem; (T, Msb;) and رَبْوٌ (M, K) and رَبَاوَةٌ (T, S, M, K) and رِبَاوَةٌ (M, K) and رُبَاوَةٌ (IJ, K) and رَابِيَةٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and رَبَآءَةٌ ; (M, K;) A hill; i. e. an elevation of ground, or elevated ground: (T, S, M, K:) or an elevated place: so called because it is high: (Msb, TA:) the pl. of رُبْوَةٌ is رُبًى (T, Msb) and رُبِىٌّ : (T:) and the pl. of رَابِيَةٌ is رَوَابٍ ; (T, Msb;) which ISh explains as meaning elevated sands, like the دَكْدَاكَة [q. v.], but higher and softer than the latter; the latter being more compact and rugged; the رابية , he says, has in it depression and elevation; it produces the best and the most numerous of the herbs, or leguminous plants, that are found in the sands; and men alight upon it. (T.)
Nounرِبْوَةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a hill, elevated groundgenerated

1

See the paragraph just before this.

1.1

And see رَبْوٌ, in two places.

Show Lane's original text
: see the next preceding paragraph: and see رَبْوٌ , in two places.
Nounرُبْيَةٌ2 senses

Core sense — usury, an addition over and above the principal sumgenerated

1

This, and رُبَيَّةٌ and رُبِّيَّةٌ: see رِبًا, last sentence.

2

And see also art. ربى.

Show Lane's original text
and رُبَيَّةٌ and رُبِّيَّةٌ : see رِبًا , last sentence: and see also art. ربى .
Nounرِبًوا1 sense

Core sense — usury, an addition over and above the principal sumgenerated

1

See رِبًا. [The و is silent, like the ا.]

Show Lane's original text
: see رِبًا . [The و is silent, like the ا .]
Nounرَبْوَآءُ1 sense

Core sense — out of breath, panting, said of a womangenerated

1

See رَابٍ.

Show Lane's original text
: see رَابٍ .
Nounرِبَوِىٌّ1 sense

Core sense — of, or relating to, usury and the likegenerated

1

Of, or relating to, what is termed رِبًا or رِبًوا [that is, usury and the like].

Mtr says that رَبَوِىٌّ is wrong.

Show Lane's original text
Of, or relating to, what is termed رِبًا or رِبًوا [i. e. usury and the like]: (Mgh, Msb:) رَبَوِىٌّ is said by Mtr to be wrong. (Msb.)
Nounرَبَآءٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — excess, excellence, or superiority; a favour, a benefitgenerated

1[such a one possesses excess, or excellence, or superiority, over such a one]—لِفُلَانٍ عَلَى فُلَانٍ رَبَآءٌ

Excess, excellence, or superiority; synonym طَوْلٌ.

1.1

And: an obligation, a favour, or a benefit; synonym مِنَّةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
Excess, excellence, or superiority; syn. طَوْلٌ : (IDrd, S, K:) so in the saying, لِفُلَانٍ عَلَى فُلَانٍ رَبَآءٌ [Such a one possesses excess, or excellence, or superiority, over such a one]. (IDrd, S.) And An obligation, a favour, or a benefit; syn. مِنَّةٌ . (K.)
Nounرِبَآءٌ1 sense

Core sense — excess, excellence, or superioritygenerated

1

See رِبًا.

Show Lane's original text
: see رِبًا .
Nounرَبَآءَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — excess, excellence, or superioritygenerated

1

See رُبْوَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see رُبْوَةٌ .
Nounرَبَاوَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a hill, elevated groundgenerated

1

This, and رُبَاوَةٌ and رِبَاوَةٌ: see رُبْوَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
and رُبَاوَةٌ and رِبَاوَةٌ : see رُبْوَةٌ .
Nounرَابٍ3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — increasing, augmenting; exceeding; out of breathgenerated

1

Increasing, or augmenting, and the like.

1.1and He punished them with a punishment exceeding other punishments—فَأَخَذَهُمْ أَخْذَةً رَابِيَةً

In the Kur 69:10; a violent punishment.

2a woman out of breath, panting—اِمْرَأَةٌ رَابِيَةٌ

Affected with what is termed رَبْوٌ: see form 1, near the end of the paragraph. Also رَبْوَآءُ in this sense.

Show Lane's original text
[ Increasing, or augmenting: &c. Hence,] فَأَخَذَهُمْ أَخْذَةً رَابِيَةً , in the Kur [lxix. 10], And He punished them with a punishment exceeding other punishments; (Fr, * S, * M, * K, * Jel;) a vehement punishment. (K.) اِمْرَأَةٌ رَابِيَةٌ A woman affected with what is termed رَبْوٌ ; [i. e., out of breath; &c.; (see 1, near the end of the paragraph;)] (T, TA;) as also رَبْوَآءُ . (TA.)
Nounرَابِيَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a hill, elevated groundgenerated

1

As a substantive: see رُبْوَةٌ, in two places.

Show Lane's original text
[as a subst.]: see رُبْوَةٌ , in two places.
Nounأَرْبَى1 sense

Core sense — more numerous, and more abundant in wealthgenerated

1

In the Kur 16:94 it means: more numerous, and more abundant in wealth.

Qur’ān 16:92 approximate — somewhere between 16:84 and 16:106 Lane cites “Kur xvi. 94”
Qur’ān 16:92 the verse Lane’s citation points to, and it uses this root
وَلَا تَكُونُوا۟ كَٱلَّتِى نَقَضَتْ غَزْلَهَا مِنۢ بَعْدِ قُوَّةٍ أَنكَـٰثًا تَتَّخِذُونَ أَيْمَـٰنَكُمْ دَخَلًۢا بَيْنَكُمْ أَن تَكُونَ أُمَّةٌ هِىَ أَرْبَىٰ مِنْ أُمَّةٍ ۚ إِنَّمَا يَبْلُوكُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِهِۦ ۚ وَلَيُبَيِّنَنَّ لَكُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ مَا كُنتُمْ فِيهِ تَخْتَلِفُونَ

And be not like a woman who breaks into untwisted strands the yarn which she has spun, after it has become strong. Nor take your oaths to practise deception between yourselves, lest one party should be more numerous than another: for Allah will test you by this; and on the Day of Judgment He will certainly make clear to you (the truth of) that wherein ye disagree.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

Show Lane's original text
in the Kur xvi. 94 means More numerous, (Bd, Jel,) and more abundant in wealth. (Bd.)
Nounأُرْبِيَّةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — the root of the thigh; a man's household and paternal cousinsgenerated

1

Originally أُرْبُوَّةٌ, or of the measure فُعْلِيَّةٌ.

The root of the thigh; or the part between the upper portion of the thigh and the lower portion of the بَطْن [or belly]; or the part between the upper portion of the thigh and the lower portion of the بَظْر; or, according to Lh, the root of the thigh, next the بَظْر; or, as in the A, a portion of flesh, in the root of the thigh, that becomes knotted in consequence of pain.

There are two such parts, together called أُرْبِيَّتَانِ.

1.1figurative · مجازsuch a one came among his household, and the sons of his paternal uncle—جَآءَ فُلَانٌ فِى أُرْبِيَّتِهِ

Also: a man's household, and the sons of the paternal uncle of a man, not including any others; or the nearer members of the household of a man.

Also فِى أُرْبِيَّةٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ, or فِى أُرْبِيَّةِ قَوْمِهِ: or, among the people of his house consisting of the sons of his paternal uncles, and of no others.

Show Lane's original text
, originally أُرْبُوَّةٌ , (S,) or of the measure فُعْلِيَّةٌ , (M,) The root of the thigh: (Ks, T, S, K:) or the part between the upper portion of the thigh and the lower portion of the بَطْن [or belly]: (ISh, T, K:) or the part between the upper portion of the thigh and the lower portion of the بَظْر [q. v.]: or, accord. to Lh, the root of the thigh, next the بَظْر : (M:) or, as in the A, a portion of flesh, in the root of the thigh, that becomes knotted in consequence of pain: (TA:) there are two parts, together called أُرْبِيَّتَانِ . (S, TA.) Also A man's household, and the sons of the paternal uncle of a man; (T, M, K, TA;) not including any others: (T, M:) or the nearer members of the household of a man. (A, TA.) One says, جَآءَ فُلَانٌ فِى أُرْبِيَّتِهِ , and فِى أُرْبِيَّةٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ , (T,) or فِى أُرْبِيَّةِ قَوْمِهِ , (S,) Such a one came among his household, and the sons of his paternal uncle: (T, TA:) or among the people of his house consisting of the sons of his paternal uncles; not of any others. (S.)
Nounإِرْبِيَانٌ1 sense

Core sense — shrimps, or prawnsgenerated

1

See art. ربى.

Show Lane's original text
: see art. ربى .
Nounمُرْبٍ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — one who practises usury or the likegenerated

1

One who practises رِبًا [that is, usury or the like].

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredgood land—أَر ْضٌ مُرْبِيَةٌ
Show Lane's original text
One who practises رِبًا [i. e. usury or the like]. (M, K.) أَر ْضٌ مُرْبِيَةٌ Good land. (M.)
Nounمَرْبَاةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a means of rearing, or of bringing upgenerated

1

For مَرْبَأَةٌ: see that word, in art. ربأ.

Show Lane's original text
for مَرْبَأَةٌ : see the latter, in art. ربأ .
Nounمُرَبًّى2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — reared, brought up, nourished; preserved with inspissated juicegenerated

1

Reared, fostered, brought up, fed, or nourished: see form 2.

1.1[ginger so preserved]—زَنْجَبِيلٌ مُرَبًّى

And: made [or preserved] with رُبّ [or inspissated juice, and the like (see form 2, last sentence but one)].

Also مُرَبَّبٌ.

مُرَبَّيَاتٌ means preserves, or confections, made with رُبّ, like مُرَبَّبَاتٌ.

Show Lane's original text
[Reared, fostered, brought up, fed, or nourished: see 2. And] Made [or preserved] with رُبّ [or inspissated juice, &c. (see 2, last sentence but one)]: you say زَنْجَبِيلٌ مُرَبًّى [Ginger so preserved]; as also مُرَبَّبٌ : (S, K:) and مُرَبَّيَاتٌ signifies Preserves, or confections, made with رُبّ ; like مُرَبَّبَاتٌ . (S in art. رب .)
Nounمُرَبَّيَاتٌ1 sense

Core sense — preserves, or confections, made with inspissated juicegenerated

1

See what precedes.

Show Lane's original text
: see what next precedes.