ربع

He took the fourth part of their property, or possessions. Muḍāriʿ رَبَعَ, رَبُعَ and رَبِعَ.

Muḍāriʿ رَبَعَ, رَبُعَ and رَبِعَ, not, as the K implies, رَبِعَ only, [or rather, not رَبَعَ only]; maṣdar as above, and also رباعة [most probably رباعَةٌ].

This was done in the Time of Ignorance, but El-Islám reduced it to a fifth part, as is declared in the Kur 8:42.

It is said in a tradition, أَلَمْ أَجْعَلْكَ تَرْبَعُ وَتَدْسَعُ, mentioned and explained in art. دسع; the meaning intended is: Did I not make you an obeyed chief?

the same as وَرَدَتِ الرِّبْعَ.

That is, the camels had been kept from the water three days [counting two portions of days as one of those days], or four days [counting two portions of days as two days, the difference being only verbal], and three whole nights, and came to the water on the fourth day [counting the day of the previous watering as the first].

See رِبْعٌ below. Another meaning of this phrase is given later in this article.

Hence أَرْبَعَ المَرِيضَ: see Form 4.

Said of a man; أَرْبَاع here means the regions of the head.

See رَبِيعٌ.

Similar to قِيظُوا and صِيفُوا.

مَرْبَعٌ may be a maṣdar of this.

.

ارتبع means the same.

maṣdar رَبْعٌ and ارتبعهُ.

It is said in a tradition, مَرَّ بِقَوْمٍ يَرْبَعُونَ حَجَرًا [He passed by a company of men raising a stone]; يَرْتَبِعُونَ means the same; and يَتَرَبَّعُونَ.

Said of a man.

He made it four. Mentioned by Esh-Sheybánee, under وَحَّدَهُ.

Also رِبَاعاً. The word is from الرَّبِيع, like مُشَاهَرَةً from الشَّهْرُ, and مُصَايَفَةً from الصَّيْفُ.

مُرَابَعَةٌ also means the taking hold of another person's hand beneath a load and so raising it upon the camel, without a staff, or small staff, such as is called مِرْبَعَة. See also Form 1.

The party of men (three in number) became four; or, became forty. In the K the second of these is given after another meaning, connected with it by أَوْ “or”.

أَرْبَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الحُمَّى, أَرْبَعَتْهُ, أُرْبِعَ and أَرْبَعَ: see رَبَعَتْ عليه الحمّى [which is from رَبَعَتِ الأِبِلُ] in three places; and رُبِعَ in two places.

. Said of a sheep or goat, a bull, a solid-hoofed beast, and a camel. It is when they do this that the camel and the horse begin to be strong.

Or — apparently a mistake for “and” — it has the first of the meanings given in this article.

Mentioned in the T in art. عذم, meaning سَأَلَهَا الوَطْءَ فِى الدُّبُرِ.

See also a proverb given in the latter part of the first article.

He crossed his legs in his sitting; that is, he sat cross-legged, because a person who does so puts himself in nearly a square space. The opposite of جَثَا and أَقْعَى.

Said of a camel, and of a horse. ارتبع means the same; or تربّعوا and ارتبعوا mean they lighted on, or found, the herbage called رَبِيع, or they lighted on it and remained among it.

That is, on the rugged ground and the hard, stony ground by the side of sand.

See also Form 1, near the end of the article.

They vied, one with another, in lifting a stone, for trial of strength: see رَبَعَ الحَجَرَ.

He (a camel) beat the ground with all his legs in going along, and went quickly.

He (a man) was of middling stature, neither tall nor short.

See also رَبَعَ بِالمَكَانِ.

See also رَبَعَ الحَجَرَ in two places, near the end of Form 1.

He had power, or ability, for it, to do it, or to bear or endure it: from رَبَعَ الحَجَرَ.

A place where people remain, or dwell, in the season called رَبِيع, as also مَرْبَعٌ and مُرْتَبَعٌ; this is the primary meaning.

And hence: a place where a people alight or abide; a settled place of abode; a place of constant residence; a dwelling; a home, whenever and wherever it may be; as also مَرْبَعٌ and مُرْتَبَعٌ; and a house, wherever it may be.

In Egypt, a range of separate lodgings over shops or storerooms, distinct from them, but generally with one common entrance and staircase.

Plural (of many) رِبَاعٌ and رُبُوعٌ, and (of few) أَرْبَاعٌ and أَرْبُعٌ; the plural of مَرْبَعٌ is مَرَابِعُ.

Also the same as رَبْعَةٌ, which — like رَبَعَةٌ and مَرْبُوعٌ, or مَرْبُوعُ الخَلْقِ, and مُرْتَبِعٌ and مُرْتَبَعٌ and مِرْبَاعٌ — is applied to a man meaning: of middling stature; neither tall nor short; between tall and short.

SM says he has not seen this last in the lexicons, except that the author of the “Moheet” applies it as an adjective to a rope.

Applied to a woman: رَبْعَةٌ and رَبَعَةٌ, though these were originally applied to a man, like خَمْسَةٌ.

The plural of رَبْعٌ is رَبْعُونَ, and that of رَبْعَةٌ is رَبَعَاتٌ, applied to men and to women, and also رَبْعَاتٌ. The first of these two plurals is irregular, because a word of the measure فَعْلَةٌ does not have its middle radical vowelled when it is an adjective, but only when it is a noun and does not have و or ي for that radical; or the middle radical is vowelled here because رَبْعَةٌ is originally a feminine noun applied to a male and a female and used as an adjective; or because it resembles a noun in being applied alike to a man and a woman.

This word and رُبُعٌ, the former a contraction of the latter, which is the more chaste, though the former is the more common: a fourth part; one of four parts; as also رَبِيعٌ, like عَشِيرٌ, and مِرْبَاعٌ, like مِعْشَارٌ.

Or the last means, or also means, the fourth part of the spoil, which the chief used to take in the Time of Ignorance.

The plural of رُبْعٌ and رُبُعٌ is أَرْبَاعٌ (of few) and رُبُوعٌ (of many); and that of رَبِيعٌ is رُبُعٌ.

The ظِمْء — the interval between two waterings, or the keeping of camels from water during that interval — which is meant in the phrase رَبَعَتِ الإِبِلُ; a certain ظِمْء of camels, about which authors differ.

It is when camels are kept from the water three days [counting two portions of days as one of those days], or four days [counting two portions of days as two days, the difference being only verbal], and three whole nights, and come to the water on the fourth day [counting the day of the previous watering as the first]; or, in other words, their coming to the water one day, leaving it two days, and then coming to it on the fourth day; or a period of three whole nights and four days, of which the first and last are incomplete, as the K indicates. Some say, though this is at variance with common usage, that it is their being kept from the water four nights and then coming to it on the fifth day.

وَرَدَتِ الإِبِلُ الرِّبْعَ: see رَبَعَتِ الإِبِلُ. And وَرَدَتْ إِبِلُهُ رِبْعًا: see Form 4. And أَوْرَدَ الإِبِلَ رِبْعًا is the same as أَرْبَعَ الإِبِلَ.

See رُبَاعُ.

So called because he widens his stepping, and runs; see Form 1, near the end of the article.

Feminine with ة; plural masculine رِبَاعٌ (of many) and أَرْبَاعٌ (of few), both irregular, for by the rule Sb gives the plural should be رِبْعَانٌ [like صرْدَانٌ, plural of صَرَدٌ]; plural feminine رُبَعَاتٌ (in the CK, wrongly, رَبْعاتٌ) and رِبَاعٌ.

See another example under بُلَعٌ.

See رُبْعٌ in two places.

See رَبْعٌ, last meaning, in three places.

A small round basket, covered with leather, in which perfumes are kept by the man who sells them: the جُونَة of the عَطَّار, which is a سُلَيْلَة covered with leather.

Or a four-sided vessel, like the جُونَة; El-Isbahánee says it is so called because it originally had four طَاقَات [apparently meaning compartments, one above another, for different kinds of perfume], or because it had four legs.

The beasts' collecting of themselves together in the season called رَبِيع; hence a country, or region, is said to be so.

A quick pace of a camel, in which he goes along beating the ground with his legs; or the most violent running; or the most violent running of camels; or a kind of running of camels which is not violent.

See also رَبْعٌ, last meaning, in two places.

See its plural, رَبِعَات, under رِبْعَةٌ, in two places.

See رِبْعَةٌ.

Of, or relating to, the رَبِيع, that is, the season so called [and the rain, and the herbage, so called]; a relative noun irregularly formed.

Feminine of رِبْعِىٌّ, and also used as a noun, or as an adjective in which the quality of a noun predominates: see that word, in several places.

See an example in the phrase هُمْ عَلَى رَبَاعِهِمْ, under رِبْعَةٌ.

Like ثَمَانٍ and يَمَانٍ [in the CK ثَمَانٌ and ثَمَانٍ], and شَنَاحٍ, and, as plurals like جَوَارٍ, which are the only words of this form; and رَبَاعٌ, accusative of the first, رَبَاعِيًا; feminine رَبَاعِيَةٌ.

Applied to the sheep or goat in the fourth year, to the bull and cow and the solid-hoofed animal in the fifth year, and to the camel in the seventh year; see Form 4.

Plural (of few) أَرْبَاعٌ, and (of many) رُبُعٌ and رُبْعٌ, of which the first is the more common, and رُبَعٌ, رِبْعَانٌ, رِبَاعٌ and رَبَاعِيَاتٌ.

Four and four; four and four together; or four at a time and four at a time. It is a deviation from the original form, أَرْبَعَةٌ أَرْبَعَةٌ, and for that reason — and, by general opinion, because it is at the same time an adjective — it is imperfectly declinable; but the diminutive رُبَيِّعٌ is perfectly declinable. See examples under ثُلَاثُ.

In the Kur 4:3, El-Aamash read وَرُبَعَ instead of وَرُبَاعَ.

A she-camel that yields four أَقْدَاح [plural of قَدَحٌ] of milk.

See also الأَرْبِعَآءُ.

See رُبْعٌ in two places.

It has a twofold application, to months and to seasons.

Applied to months, it denotes two months, next after صَفَرٌ. They say one should say of them, in speaking of them, only شَهْرُ رَبِيعٍ الأَوَّلُ and شَهْرُ رَبِيعٍ الآخِرٌ, with the addition of شهر, but it is allowable to say شَهْرُ رَبِيعِ الأَوَّلِ and شَهْرُ رَبِيعِ الآخِرِ also.

In the margin of the copy of the S followed here it is stated that in the author's handwriting the first is شهر ربيعِ الاول (with a single kesreh, and no vowel-sign on الاول); in another copy of the S are found شهرُ ربيع الاولِ and شَهرُ رَبيع الآخِر.

The word شهر must be added in order to distinguish the months so called from the season called ربيع.

Az says the Arabs mention all the months without the word شهر except the two months of ربيع and the month of رَمَضَان; and they say also شَهْرَا رَبِيعٍ, أَشْهُرُ رَبِيعٍ and شُهُورُ رَبِيعٍ. These months were so called because, when they received this name, they fell in the season when the earth produced herbage.

Applied to seasons: الرَّبِيعُ الأَوَّلُ is the season in which the truffles and the blossoms come, and this is also called رَبِيعُ الكَلَأِ [the rabeea of the herbage, properly called the spring of Arabia]; and الرَّبِيعُ الثَّانِى is the season in which fruits ripen, also called رَبِيعُ الثِّمَارِ. Some people, however, call this last الرَّبِيعُ الأَوَّلُ, and the season which follows the winter, in which the truffles and the blossoms come, they call الرَّبِيعُ الثَّانِى; but all agree that the خَرِيف [or autumn] is called الرَّبِيعُ.

AHn says the two divisions of the winter [by which he means the half-year beginning at the autumnal equinox] are called رَبِيعَانِ: the first is رَبِيعُ المَآءِ وَالأَمْطَار ِ [the rabeea of the water and the rains, in which the rain called الوَسْمِىّ, which is termed the first of the rains, begins], and the second is رَبِيعُ النَّبَاتِ [or رَبِيعُ الكَلَأِ, the rabeea of the herbage], because in it the herbage reaches its last stage. He adds that the Arabs apply رَبِيعٌ to the whole winter — again, the half-year beginning at the autumnal equinox — because of the moisture, or rain.

Or the year consists of six seasons; Abu-l-Ghowth is quoted as saying that the Arabs make the year to be six seasons: two months of it are called الرَّبِيعُ الأَوَّلُ, two صَيْفٌ, two قَيْظٌ, two ربيع الثانى or رَبِيعٌ الثّانى (in the margin of one copy of the S it is stated that in the author's handwriting it is ربيعُ الثانى, without tenween) or الرَّبِيعُ الثَّانِى, two خَرِيفٌ, and two شِتَآءٌ.

Az relates, on the authority of Aboo-Yahyà Ibn-Kibáseh, who knew the seasons and divisions of the year very well, that the year consists of four seasons: الرَّبِيعُ الأَوَّلُ, which the common people call الخَرِيفُ [the autumn]; then الشِّتَآءُ [the winter]; then الصَّيْفُ, which is الرَّبِيعُ الآخِرُ [or الثَّانِى, that is, the spring]; then القَيْظُ [the summer, or hot season]. All this is what the Arabs of the desert say.

He says the ربيع, which with the Persians is the خريف, begins on the third of أَيْلُول [September, Old Style]; the شِتَآء on the third of كَانُون الأَوَّل [December, Old Style]; the صيف, which with the Persians is the ربيع, on the fifth of آذَار [March, Old Style]; and the قيظ, which with the Persians is the صيف, on the fourth of حَزِيرَان [June, Old Style].

Aboo-Yahyà adds that the ربيع of the people of El-'Irák agrees with the ربيع of the Persians, which comes after the شتاء [or winter], is the season of the flowers, or roses, and is the most temperate of the seasons. The people of El-'Irák, he says, have rain all through the winter, and abundance of herbage in the خريف, which the Arabs call الربيع الاوّل.

Az says the quarter of the خريف is called خريف because the fruits are gathered in it, and the Arabs call it ربيع because the first rain [which is called الوَسْمِىّ] falls in it.

The plural of ربيع is أَرْبِعَةٌ (of few), أَرْبِعَآءُ (of many) and رِبَاعٌ; or the first of these is the plural of ربيع الكلأ (Fr, Yaakoob) and of the ربيع of the months, while the second is the plural of ربيع in the sense of جَدْوَلٌ, to be explained below. (Fr, Yaakoob.)

From a supplication mentioned in a tradition; so said because the heart of man becomes lively, or at ease, in the season called رَبِيع.

So called because it appears with the season called ربيع. See also, on the seasons and the like, the word زَمَنٌ.

See رُبَاعٌ.

And see also رَبِيعٌ, last sentence.

See رِبْعَةٌ in two places.

See رِبْعَةٌ in four places.

A stone that is raised, or lifted, for trial of strength; applied only to a stone.

A helmet of iron.

A meadow, or a garden; the same as رَوْضَةٌ.

A leathern water-bag, such as is called مَزَادَة.

A boy four spans in height. It is also applied to a camel, like سُبَاعِىٌّ [apparently meaning four cubits in height]; feminine with ة.

The tooth that is between the ثَنِيَّة [or central incisor] and the نَاب; that is, each of the four teeth which are next to the ثَنَايَا, in man and in others. Plural رَبَاعِيَاتٌ.

A man has, above, two teeth called ثَنِيَّتَانِ, two called رَبَاعِيَتَانِ after them, two called نَابَانِ, two called ضَاحِكَانِ, six أَرْحَآء on each side, and two called نَاجِذَانِ; and the like below.

The solid-hoofed animal has, after the ثَنَايَا, four رَبَاعِيَات, four قَوَارِح, four أَنْيَاب and eight أَضْرَاس.

Also the feminine of رَبَاعٍ.

One who often buys, or sells, رِبَاع, meaning houses, or places of abode.

Ism fāʿil of رَبَعَ.

See أَرْبَعَةٌ.

Four; a masculine noun of number; feminine أَرْبَعٌ. On a peculiar pronunciation of the people of El-Hijáz, and a case in which اربعة is imperfectly declinable, see ثَلَاثَةٌ. See also سِتَّةٌ.

Also written without tenween when not made determinate by the article or otherwise, according to most authorities, who make it feminine; but with tenween when indeterminate, according to those who make it masculine.

And الأَرْبَعَآءُ, on the authority of some of the Benoo-Asad, and الأَرْبُعَآءُ, which is a form of the word seldom used, and الإِرْبِعَآءُ and الإِرْبَعَآءُ, the last two mentioned by IHsh; the first of all is the most chaste, but it is the only singular word of its measure (El-Kutabee), except أَرْمِدَآءُ.

The name of a certain day, namely Wednesday, the fourth day of the week; also الرَّبُوعُ, but this is post-classical.

The dual of أَرْبِعَآء is أَرْبِعَاوَانِ and the plural is أَرْبِعَاوَاتٌ, according to those who make the singular feminine; or the dual is أَرْبِعَآءَانِ and the plural أَرْبِعَآءَاتٌ, so says Aboo-Jukhádib, treating the noun as masculine.

Aboo-Ziyád used to say مَضَى الأَرْبِعَآءُ بِمَا فِيهِ [Wednesday passed with what occurred in it], making it singular and masculine, because he meant by it يَوْمُ الأَرْبِعَآءُ; but Abu-l-Jarráh used to say مَضَتِ الأَرْبِعَآءُ بِمَا فِيهِنَّ, making it feminine and plural, and using it like a noun of number.

Th is related to have mentioned أَرَابِيعُ as a plural of الأَرْبِعَآءُ, but ISd says he is not sure of this. The word has no diminutive.

Forty; a certain number, after ثَلَاثُونَ.

One who fasts alone on the أَرْبِعَآء [or Wednesday].

See رَبْعٌ in three places.

Applied to a camel: that is watered on the fourth day, counting the day of the previous watering as the first (see Form 4); and that is brought to the water at any time.

Applied to rain: that comes in the season called رَبِيع [in the Ham p. 425 written مَرْبَع]; or that makes the people remain in their abodes and not seek after herbage; or that keeps the people in their رِبَاع [or dwellings] by its abundance; or that makes the herbage called رَبِيع grow; or that causes the growth of that on which the camels may pasture at pleasure.

Also the sail of a full ship; that of an empty ship is called رُومِىٌّ.

See مِرْبَعَةٌ.

Having four portions [or sides or faces or angles &c.; generally meaning either square or quadrilateral]; or of the form of a thing having four legs, or of a quadruped. See also مُثَلَّثٌ.

A land containing, or having, يَرَابِيع [or jerboas]; as also أَرْضٌ مُرْتَبِعٌ.

A staff, or small staff, of which two men take hold of the two ends in order to raise a load and put it upon the back of the camel, or upon the beast; as also مِرْبَعٌ, which is also explained as a piece of wood with which a thing is taken. See Form 1.

See رُبْعٌ.

And مَرْبُوعٌ.

And رَبْعٌ.

Rain that comes in the beginning of the season called رَبِيع; an adjective used in this sense as a noun. Plural مَرَابِيعُ.

Hence مَرَابِيعُ النُّجُومِ, as used in a verse of Lebeed cited in the first paragraph of art. رزق, the نُجُوم meaning the أَنْوَآء, that is, the Mansions of the Moon, which by their rising or setting at dawn were supposed to bring rain, or wind, or heat, or cold.

Twisted of four twists, or strands; applied to a rope, as also مِرْبَاعٌ (Ibn-'Abbád), and to a bow-string, and a bridle.

Also, applied to a man: having a fever which seizes him on one day, leaves him two days, and then comes again on the fourth day, counting the day of the previous fit as the first; that is, having, or seized by, a quartan fever; as also مُرْبَعٌ. مُرْبِعٌ is said to be used in the same sense, but the Arabs say مُرْبَعٌ.

أَرْضٌ مَرْبُوعَةً and شَجَرٌ مَرْبُوعٌ: land, and trees, watered by the rain in the season called رَبِيع.

Plural of مَرْبُوعٌ.

And plural of مِرْبَاعٌ.

See رَبْعٌ in three places.

Applied to a beast: that has pastured upon the herbage called رَبِيع and become fat, and brisk, or lively.

See also رَبْعٌ.

And see أَرْضٌ مَرْبَعَةٌ.

He sat cross-legged; the same as تَرَبَّعَ فِى جُلُوسِهِ.

Having the power, or strength, to do it, and very patient.

Having power, or ability, for a thing, or to do it — as, for instance, war, or battle — or to bear, or endure, a thing; as when it relates to an envier, meaning his envy.

The ى in it is augmentative, because there is not in the language of the Arabs any word of the measure فَعْلُولٌ except what is exceptional, such as صَعْفُوقٌ, which is a foreign word introduced into their language.

The jerboa; a certain well-known beast; a small beast like the فَأْرَة [or rat], but longer in the tail and ears, and with hind legs longer than the fore-legs, the reverse of what is the case in the زَرَافَة [or giraffe]; called by the common people جَرْبُوع; a rat whose burrow has four entrances.

Az says it is a small beast larger than the جُرَذ [but in the L, in art. جرذ, the reverse of this is said]; and the name is applied alike to the male and the female. Forskål (“Descr. Animalium”, p. 4) terms it mus jaculus: see the questions appended to Niebuhr's “Descr. de l'Arabie”, p. 177. Plural يَرَابِيعُ.

See ذُو الرُّمَيْحِ under رُمْحٌ.

The neighbour who is variable in his actions, like the jerboa, which is noted for using various devices in making its burrow and the like to avoid capture; like الجَارُ البَرَاقِشِىُّ.