دنو

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Form 1دَنَا2 senses

maṣdarدُنُوٌّ مُدَانَاةٌ اِدِّنَآءٌ دَنًاmuḍāriʿيَدْنُو يَدْنَى

Core sense — he, or it, drew near, approached; he (a man) was weak, contemptiblegenerated

1.1I was, or became, near; I drew near, or approached—دَنَوْتُ

دنّى (maṣdar تَدْنِيَةٌ), دانى (, the only form mentioned for it), and اِدَّنَى () have the same meaning.

maṣdar دُنُوٌّ and دَنَاوَةٌ.

he, or it, was, or became, near; he drew near, or approached—ادنى

he, or it, and I, was, or became, near to him, or it—دَنَا مِنْهُ

El-Harállee: the nearness may be in person, or in substance, or in respect of category, or in place, or in time.

One says also دَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ, إِلَيْهِ, and لَهُ; and عَلَيْهِ occurs in a verse of Sá'ideh, meaning مِنْهُ.

[The other verbs mentioned above are used in the same way, except دانى, which is directly transitive; or دَنَا مِنْهُ, with دَنَاوَةٌ as its maṣdar, means, or also means, he was near to him in kindred, he was related to him: for] دَنَاوَةٌ has the same meaning as قَرَابَةٌ and قُرْبَى.

there is relationship between the two of them—بَيْنَهُمَا دَنَاوَةٌ

That is, قَرَابَةٌ.

you only increase in nearness and relationship to us—مَا تَزْدَادُ مِنَّا إِلَّا قُرْبًا وَدَنَاوَةٍ

A rájiz says:

shāhid

مَا لِى أَرَاهُ دَالِفًا قَدْدُنْىَ لَهُ

— meaning دُنِىَ لَهُ, that is, What is the matter with me that I see him walking with short, gentle steps, brought low by age, death having drawn near to him?

It is from دَنَوْتُ, but the و is changed into ى because of the kesreh before it, and then the ن is made sākin.

There are similar cases of contraction in verbs; but [ISd says,] I know دُنْىَ only in this instance. As used to say of the poem in which it occurs that this rejez is not ancient, and that it is apparently by Khalaf El-Ahmar or some other of the Muwelleds.

the sun was, or became, near to setting—دَنَتِ الشَّمْسُ لِلْمَغُرُوبِ

Also أَدْنَت.

1.2he (a man) was, or became, weak, contemptible, or low—دَنِىَ

ما كانَ دَنْيَا ولقد دَنا is put in error for مَا كَانَ دَنِيًا وَلَقَدْ دَنِىَ.

Of the same form as رَضِىَ; maṣdar دَنًا and دَنَايَةٌ, or دِنَايَةٌ, the ى in دَنِىَ being put in place of و because of the nearness of the kesreh — all on the authority of Lh.

Also دَنُوَ, without ء, maṣdar دَنَآءَةٌ with ء; and دُنُوٌّ, or دَنَا, maṣdar دَنَاوَةٌ.

The meaning is that of دَنَأَ and دَنُؤَ: he (a man) became such as is termed دَنِىٌّ and دَنِىْءٌ, meaning weak; contemptible; of no profit to anyone; falling short in everything he undertakes [like مُدَنٍّ].

Or low, ignoble, or mean; weak; such that, when night gives him covert, he will not leave his place, out of weakness.

Or low, ignoble, or mean in his actions or conduct; bad, evil, or foul — this being Es-Sarakustee's explanation of دَنَا.

But some distinguish between دَنِىْءٌ and دَنِىٌّ, making the first mean low, ignoble, or mean, and the second خَسِيسٌ, apparently as meaning contemptible.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1

33:59

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِىُّ قُل لِّأَزْوَٰجِكَ وَبَنَاتِكَ وَنِسَآءِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يُدْنِينَ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِن جَلَـٰبِيبِهِنَّ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ أَدْنَىٰٓ أَن يُعْرَفْنَ فَلَا يُؤْذَيْنَ ۗ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا

O Prophet! Tell thy wives and daughters, and the believing women, that they should cast their outer garments over their persons (when abroad): that is most convenient, that they should be known (as such) and not molested. And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

53:8

ثُمَّ دَنَا فَتَدَلَّىٰ

Then he approached and came closer,

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

, (T, M, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) first pers. دَنَوْتُ , (T, S,) aor. يَدْنُو , (T, Msb,) inf. n. دُنُوٌّ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and دَنَاوَةٌ , (M, K,) He, or it, was, or became, near; drew near, or approached; (T, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ادنى ; (IAar, T, K;) and دنّى , inf. n. تَدْنِيَةٌ ; (IAar, T;) and دانى , inf. n. مُدَانَاةٌ ; (KL, but only the inf. n. is there mentioned;) and اِدَّنَى , inf. n. اِدِّنَآءٌ : (TA:) it is either in person, or substance, or in respect of predicament, and in place, and in time: (El-Harállee, TA:) you say, دَنَا مِنْهُ , (M, Mgh, Msb,) and دَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ , (T, S,) and إِلَيْهِ , (M, Msb,) and لَهُ , (TA,) and عَلَيْهِ occurs in a verse of Sá'ideh as meaning مِنْهُ , (M,) He, or it, and I, was, or became, near, &c., to him, or it: (T, M, Mgh, Msb:) [and in like manner you use the other verbs mentioned above, except دانى , which is immediately trans.: or دَنَا مِنْهُ with دَنَاوَةٌ for its inf. n. means, or means also, He was near to him in respect of kindred; was related to him: for] دَنَاوَةٌ is syn. with قَرَابَةٌ (S, M, K) and قُرْبَى : (M, K:) you say, بَيْنَهُمَا دَنَاوَةٌ meaning قَرَابَةٌ [i. e. Between them two is relationship]; (S;) and مَا تَزْدَادُ مِنَّا إِلَّا قُرْبًا وَدَنَاوَةٍ [Thou increasest not save in nearness and relationship to us]. (ISk, T, S.) A rájiz says, 1 meaning دُنِىَ لَهُ [i. e. What hath happened to me that I see him walking gently or with short steps, or rendered lowly by age, having been approached by death?]: it is from دَنَوْتُ , but the و is changed into ى because of the kesreh before it, and then the ن is made quiescent: and there are similar instances of contraction of verbs: but [ISd says,] I know not دُنْىَ except in this instance; and As used to say of the poem in which this occurs, This rejez is not ancient: it is app. of Khalaf ElAhmar or some other of the Muwelleds. (M.) One says also, دَنَتِ الشَّمْسُ لِلْمَغُرُوبِ and أَدْنَت [The sun was, or became, near to setting]. (M.) مَا لِى أَرَاهُ دَالِفًا قَدْدُنْىَ لَهُ دَنِىَ , (T, M, K, TA, [in the CK, ما كانَ دَنْيَا ولقد دَنا is erroneously put for مَا كَانَ دَنِيًا وَلَقَدْ دَنِىَ ,]) like رَضِىَ , (TA,) aor. يَدْنَى , (T,) inf. n. دَنًا (T, M, K) and دَنَايَةٌ , (T, K, TA,) or دِنَايَةٌ ; (M, accord. to the TT; and so in the CK; [app. a mistranscription occasioned by a misunderstanding of what here follows;]) the ى [in دَنِىَ ] being substituted for و because of the nearness of the kesreh; all on the authority of Lh; (M;) and دَنُوَ , aor. يَدْنُو , without ء , inf. n. دَنَآءَةٌ , with ء , (ISk, T,) and دُنُوٌّ ; (T;) or دَنَا , aor. يَدْنُو , inf. n. دَنَاوَةٌ ; i. q. دَنَأَ and دَنُؤَ ; (Msb;) [i. e.] He (a man, T, M) was, or became, such as is termed دَنِىٌّ ; (T, M, Msb, K;) and دَنِىْءٌ ; (Msb;) meaning weak; contemptible ( خَسِيسٌ ); not profitable to any one; who falls short in everything upon which he enters: (T: [like مُدَنٍّ :]) or low, ignoble, or mean; ( سَاقِطٌ ;) weak; (M, K;) such as, when night affords him covert, will not quit his place, by reason of weakness: (M:) or low, ignoble, or mean, ( لَئِيمٌ ,) in his actions, or conduct; bad, evil, or foul; accord. to the explanation of دَنَا by Es-Sarakustee: but some distinguish between دَنِىْءٌ and دَنِىٌّ ; making the former to signify “ low, ignoble, or mean; ” ( لَئِيمٌ ;) and the latter, خَسِيسٌ [app. as meaning contemptible]. (Msb, and so the latter is explained in the Mgh.)

Form 2دَنَّوَ5 senses · 2 main

maṣdarتَدْنِيَةٌ

Core sense — he brought things near together; he sought mean, paltry things; he was weakgenerated

2.1

See Form 1.

2.2

And see Form 4.

2.2.1keep your words close together in praising God—سَمُّوا وَ سَمِّتُواوَ دَنُّوا

From a tradition; the words before this mean: say, In the name of God, and invoke a blessing upon the one at whose home or table you eat.

when you eat, say the name of God, and eat of what is near you—إِذَا أَكَلْتُمْ فَسَمُّوا ٱللّٰهَ وَدَنُّوا

From another tradition.

when you eat, eat of what is next to you—إِذَا أَكَلْتُمْ فَدَنُّوا

2.2.2he (a man) sought after mean, paltry, or contemptible things—دَنَّى

he pursued small matters, and mean, paltry, or contemptible ones—دنّى فِى الأُمُورِ

The maṣdar is the same as above; the reading "and great" here is an error.

2.2.3

He was, or became, weak; the same as ضَعُفَ.

Show Lane's original text

see 1: and 4. It is said in a trad., سَمُّوا وَ سَمِّتُواوَ دَنُّوا , i.e. [Pronounce ye the name of God, (i. e. say, In the name of God,) and invoke a blessing upon him at whose abode or table ye eat, (see art. سمت ,) and] make your words to be near together in praising God. (M.) And in another trad., إِذَا أَكَلْتُمْ فَسَمُّوا ٱللّٰهَ وَدَنُّوا , i. e. [When ye eat, pronounce the name of God, and] eat of that which is near you: (M:) or إِذَا أَكَلْتُمْ فَدَنُّوا , i. e. [When ye eat,] eat of that which is next you. (S.) دَنَّى , (T, M,) inf. n. تَدْنِيَةٌ , (T,) also signifies He (a man) sought after mean, paltry, or contemptible, things. (Lh, T, M.) And دنّى فِى الأُمُورِ , (inf. n. as above, S, K,) He pursued small matters, and mean, paltry, or contemptible: (T, S, TA:) in the K, erroneously, and great. (TA.) Also He was, or became, weak; syn. ضَعُفَ . (S and TA in art. دون .)

Form 3دانى2 senses · 1 main

maṣdarمُدَانَاةٌ

Core sense — he drew near to it; he made the shackles strait to the camelgenerated

3.1I was, or became, near to the affair, or event—دَانَيْتُ الأَمْرَ

see Form 1, in two places.

That is, near to doing, or experiencing, it.

3.1.1I made the shackles, or hobbles, tight on the camel—دَانَيْتُ القَيْدَ لِلْبَعِيرِ

the shackles, or hobbles, pressed tight on the parts where they lay—دَانَى القَيْدُ قَيْنَىِ البَعِيرِ

I made the two affairs, or events, nearly uninterrupted, or connected—دَانَيْتُ بَيْنَ الأَمْرَيْنِ

Dhu-r-Rummeh says:

shāhid

دَانَى لَهُ القَيْدُ فِى دَيْمُومَةٍ قَذَفٍقَيْنَيْهِ وَٱنْحَسَرَتْ عَنْهُ الأَنَاعِيمُ

[The shackles pressed tight on him, in a far-extending, wide desert, on the parts of him where they lay, and comforts were taken away from him].

The first meaning is that of قَارَبْتُ, the second that of جَمَعْتُ.

Show Lane's original text

, inf. n. مُدَانَاةٌ : see 1, in two places. You say also, دَانَيْتُ الأَمْرَ I was, or became, near to [doing, or experiencing,] the affair, or event. (M.) دَانَيْتُ القَيْدَ لِلْبَعِيرِ I made the shackles, or hobbles, strait, or contracted, to the camel. (M, K.) And دَانَى القَيْدُ قَيْنَىِ البَعِيرِ (M, TA) The shackles, or hobbles, straitened, or contracted, [the two parts of the camel that were the places thereof.] (TA.) Dhu-r-Rummeh says, 1 [The shackles, or hobbles, straitened to him, in a far-extending, wide desert, the two parts of him that were the places thereof, and enjoyments became removed from him]. (M.) And you say also, دَانَيْتُ بَيْنَ الأَمْرَيْنِ I made the two affairs, or events, to be nearly uninterrupted; syn. قَارَبْتُ : (T, S, Msb:) or I made the two affairs, or events, to be connected; syn. جَمَعْتُ . (M.) دَانَى لَهُ القَيْدُ فِى دَيْمُومَةٍ قَذَفٍ | قَيْنَيْهِ وَٱنْحَسَرَتْ عَنْهُ الأَنَاعِيمُ

Form 4ادناهُ5 senses · 2 main

Core sense — he brought him, or it, near; she let down her garment upon hergenerated

4.1

He brought him, or it, near; he made him draw near, or approach; and so does دنّاهُ, maṣdar تَدْنِيَةٌ.

4.1.1she (a woman) let down her garment over herself and covered herself with it—أَدْنَتْ ثَوْبَهَا عَلَيْهَا

I let down the veil, or curtain—أَدْنَيْتُ السِّتْرَ

For the purpose of concealment.

they shall let down over them a portion of their outer wrapping-garments—يُدْنِينَ عَلَيْهِنّ مِنْ جَلَابِيبِهِنَّ

In the Qur'ān 33:59. The meaning is that they shall let a portion of their outer wrapping-garments down over their faces, all but one eye, when they go out for their needs.

4.2

ادنى is also used intransitively; see Form 1, in two places.

4.2.1she was, or became, near to bringing forth—أَدْنَتْ

Said of a she-camel, and of a woman.

And أَدْنَتْ عَلَى رَأْسِ الوَلَدِ, a phrase like أَضْرَعَتْ عَلَى رَأْسِ الوَلَدِ; it occurs in a verse cited under فكه.

4.2.2he lived a hard, restricted life, after ease and plenty—ادنى

Show Lane's original text

He made him, or it, to be, or become, near; to draw near, or to approach; he drew near, or brought near, him, or it; (S, M, Mgh, K;) as also دنّاهُ , (M, K,) inf. n. تَدْنِيَةٌ . (K.) [Hence,] أَدْنَتْ ثَوْبَهَا عَلَيْهَا She (a woman) let down her garment upon her, and covered, or veiled, herself with it. (Mgh.) And أَدْنَيْتُ السِّتْرَ I let down the veil, or curtain, [for the purpose of concealment.] (Msb.) It is said in the Kur [xxxiii. 59], يُدْنِينَ عَلَيْهِنّ مِنْ جَلَابِيبِهِنَّ [They shall let down upon them a portion of their outer wrapping-garments]; (Mgh;) meaning they shall let down a portion of their outer wrapping-garments over their faces, when they go forth for their needful purposes, except one eye. (Jel.) ادنى is also intrans.: see 1, in two places. [Hence,] أَدْنَتْ , said of a she-camel, (S, TA,) and of a woman, (TA,) She was, or became, near to bringing forth. (S, TA.) And أَدْنَتْ عَلَى رَأْسِ الوَلَدِ [a phrase similar to أَضْرَعَتْ عَلَى رَأْسِ الوَلَدِ , q. v.]. (Occurring in a verse cited in the TA in art. فكه .) And ادنى He lived a strait life, (IAar, T, K,) after easiness and plenty. (IAar, T.)

Form 5تدنّى1 sense

Core sense — he drew near, or approached, by little and littlegenerated

5.1

He (a man) drew near, or approached, little by little.

Show Lane's original text

He (a man, S) drew near, or approached, by little and little. (S, K.)

Form 6تَدَانَوْا3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — they drew near to one another; it drew together, or contractedgenerated

6.1

They drew near, or approached, one another.

6.1.1it (a thing) drew together, or contracted—تدانى

Mentioned under قلص.

6.1.2the man's camels became few and weak—تَدَانَتْ إِبِلُ الرَّجُلَ

Show Lane's original text

They drew near, or approached, one to another. (S, K.) [Hence,] تدانى It (a thing) drew together, or contracted; or became drawn together or contracted. (M* and L in art. قلص .) And تَدَانَتْ إِبِلُ الرَّجُلَ The camels of the man became few and weak. (M.)

Form 8اِدَّنَى1 sense

maṣdarاِدِّنَآءٌ

Core sense — he drew near, or approachedgenerated

8.1

see Form 1.

Show Lane's original text

, inf. n. اِدِّنَآءٌ : see 1.

Form 10استدناهُ1 sense

Core sense — he desired of him nearness; he drew him neargenerated

10.1

He sought, or wanted, nearness or approach from him; he wanted to make him draw near; and he brought him near, or made him approach.

Show Lane's original text

He sought, desired, or demanded, of him, nearness, or approach; (M, K, TA;) he sought, or desired, to make him draw near, or approach: and he drew him near, or caused him to approach. (MA. [See also 4.])

Derived nouns 13

Nounدَنًا2 senses

Core sense — nearness, drawing near, approachgenerated

maṣdar of دَنِىَ.

أَدْنَى دَنًا: see ادنى.

Show Lane's original text

inf. n. of دَنِىَ , q. v. (T, M, K.) أَدْنَى دَنًا : see ادنى .

Nounهُوَ ٱبْنُ عَمّ دِنْىٍ1 sense

Core sense — he is a son of a paternal uncle closely relatedgenerated

1he is a son of a paternal uncle, closely related—دِنْيًا

Also دِنْيَا and دُنْيَا; the same as لَحًّا.

When you pronounce the د with damm, the word is not made fully declinable; when you pronounce it with kesr, you make it either fully or partly declinable. But when عَمّ is prefixed to a determinate noun, دِنْى may not stand in the genitive.

he is the son of his paternal uncle, closely related—هُوَ ٱبْنُ عَمِّهِ دِنْيًا

Also دِنْيَةٌ, because دِنْى, being indeterminate, cannot be an adjective qualifying what is determinate.

he is the son of my paternal uncle, closely related—هُوَ ٱبْنُ عَمِّى

Or ابن خَالِى, or ابن عَمَّتِى, or ابن خَالَتِى, or ابن أَخِى, or ابن أُخْتِى — all mentioned by Lh, the last two on the authority of Aboo-Safwán, though all but the first and second were unknown to Ks and to As.

These are followed by دِنْيَةٌ, دِنْيًا, دِنْيَا, and دُنْيَا, the last two without tanween, meaning he is the son of my paternal uncle, and the son of my maternal uncle, and the like, closely related; in place of these two, دُنْيًا is put, which J disallows.

he is his paternal uncle, closely related—هُوَ عَمُّهُ دُنٌيَا

Also دِنْيَةً, دِنْيًا, and دِنْيَا.

Lh says that the و is changed into ى in دِنْيَةً and دِنٌيًا because of the nearness of the kesreh and the weakness of the letter between, as happens in فِتْيَةٌ and عِلْيَةٌ; but it seems that these words are originally دُنْيَا, that is, nearer to me than others by relationship, or by relationship on the mother's side, and that the letter is changed only to show that the ى is that of the feminine of أَدْنَى.

they are his people, and his tribe, closely related—هُمْ رَهْطُهُ دِنْيَةً

Mentioned under رهط.

Show Lane's original text

and دِنْيًا and دِنْيَا and دُنْيَا mean [He is a son of a paternal uncle] closely related; syn. لَحًّا [q. v.]: when you pronounce the د with damm, you do not make the word perfectly decl.: when you pronounce it with kesr, you make it either perfectly or imperfectly decl.: but when you prefix عَمّ to a determinate noun, دِنْى may not be in the gen. case: for instance, you say, هُوَ ٱبْنُ عَمِّهِ دِنْيًا , i. e. [He is the son of his paternal uncle] closely related; as also دِنْيَةٌ ; because دِنْى , being indeterminate, cannot be an epithet applied to that which is determinate: (S:) and [in like manner] you say, هُوَ ٱبْنُ عَمِّى , or ابن خَالِى , or ابن عَمَّتِى , or ابن خَالَتِى , or ابن أَخِى , or ابن أُخْتِى , (M, K,) all mentioned by Lh, the last two as on the authority of Aboo- Safwán, but all except the first and second as unknown to Ks and to As, (M,) followed by دِنْيَةٌ and دِنْيًا and دِنْيَا and دُنْيَا , (M, K, TA,) the last two without tenween, (TA; [and so written in the M; but in the CK and my MS. copy of the K, in the place of these two is put دُنْيًا , which is disallowed by J;]) meaning [He is the son of my paternal uncle, and the son of my maternal uncle, &c.,] closely related: (M, K:) and هُوَ عَمُّهُ دُنٌيَا and دِنْيَةً and دِنْيًا and دِنْيَا [He is his paternal uncle closely related]: (Ks, T:) Lh says that the و is changed into ى in دِنْيَةً and دِنٌيًا because of the nearness of the kesreh and the weakness of the intervening letter, as is the case in فِتْيَةٌ and عِلْيَةٌ : but it seems that these words are originally دُنْيَا , i. e., by a relationship, or uterine relationship, nearer to me than others; and that the change of the letter is made only to show that the ى is that of the fem. of أَدْنَى . (M.) You say also, هُمْ رَهْطُهُ دِنْيَةً They are his people, and his tribe, closely related. (S and TA in art. رهط .)

Nounدِنْيَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — closely related, said of a kinsmangenerated

See the preceding paragraph, in five places.

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: see the next preceding paragraph, in five places.

Nounدُنْيَا1 sense

Core sense — the present world, the present lifegenerated

Feminine of أَدْنَى.

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fem. of أَدْنَى [q. v.].

Nounدُنْيِىٌّ1 sense

Core sense — of, or relating to, the present world; worldlygenerated

See the following entry.

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: see what next follows.

Nounدُنْيَوِىٌّ1 sense

Core sense — of, or relating to, the present world; worldlygenerated

See the following entry.

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: see what next follows.

Nounدُنْيَاوِىٌّ1 sense

Core sense — of, or relating to, the present world, or state of existence; worldlygenerated

[Of, or relating to, the present world, or state of existence; worldly:] a relative noun from الدُّنْيَا, as also دُنٌيَوِىٌّ and دُنْيِىٌّ.

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[Of, or relating to, the present world, or state of existence; worldly:] a rel. n. from الدُّنْيَا ; (T, S;) as also دُنٌيَوِىٌّ and دُنْيِىٌّ . (S.)

Nounدَنِىٌّ3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — near; a relation, or a friend; weak, contemptiblegenerated

1there is a relation, or friend, nearer than every other relation, or friend—كُلُّ دَنِىٍّ دُوَنهُ دَنِىٌّ

The same as قَرِيبٌ [meaning near — in person, or substance, or in respect of category, and in place, and in time (see Form 1, first sentence; and see also دَانٍ) — and a relation]: and a friend; or a sincere, secret, or particular friend, the same as خُلْصَانٌ.

It has these two meanings in this proverb; so says AZ.

Freytag takes the sense of the proverb to be that no near relation or friend is the only one: besides him there is another.

Like another proverb, دُونَ كُلِّ قُرَيْبَى قُرْبَى, for the meaning and use of which see قرب.

1.1

See also أَدْنَى.

As an adjective applied to a man: weak; contemptible; and the like — see Form 1, near the end of the paragraph.

[But J says that] in the sense of دُونٌ it is [دَنِىْءٌ] with ء; the plural is أَدْنِيَآءُ.

[Through the mistranscription noted above under دَنِىَ, دَنْىٌ is made to have the same meaning.]

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i. q. قَرِيبٌ [as meaning Near, in person, or substance, or in respect of predicament, and in place, and in time: (see 1, first sentence: and see also دَانٍ :) and a relation]: (T, S:) and a friend; or a sincere, or secret, or particular, friend; syn. خُلْصَانٌ . (T.) It has these significations (of قريب and خلصان ) in the prov. كُلُّ دَنِىٍّ دُوَنهُ دَنِىٌّ [app. meaning There is a relation, or a friend, nearer than every other relation, or friend; like another prov., namely, دُونَ كُلِّ قُرَيْبَى قُرْبَى , for the meaning and application of which see art. قرب : Freytag renders it, “ Quod attinet ad quemlibet propinquum (amicum), præter eum est propinquus:” (Arab. Prov. ii. 357:) and he adds, “ Proverbii sensus esse videtur: Quilibet propinquus seu amicus unicus non est; sed præter eum est alius ”]: (T, Meyd:) so says AZ. (Meyd.) See also أَدْنَى . As an epithet applied to a man, signifying Weak; contemptible; &c.: see 1, near the end of the paragraph: [but J says that] as meaning دُونٌ , it is [ دَنِىْءٌ ,] with ء : (S:) the pl. is أَدْنِيَآءُ . (T, M.) [In the CK, by a mistranscription mentioned above (voce دَنِىَ ), دَنْىٌ is made to signify the same.]

Nounدَنِيَّهٌ1 sense

Core sense — a low, or base, quality, disposition, habit, or actiongenerated

1I choose death rather than disgrace—المَنِيَّةَ لَا الدَّنِيَّةَ

A low, or base, quality, property, natural disposition, habit, practice, or action; the same as نَقِيصَةٌ, or one that is blamed. It is originally دَنِيْئَةٌ; plural دَنَايَا.

A saying of Ibn-Háritheh.

Show Lane's original text

A low, or base, quality, property, natural disposition, habit, practice, or action; syn. نَقِيصَةٌ ; (Mgh;) or such as is blamed; originally دَنِيْئَةٌ : (TA:) pl. دَنَايَا . (Har p. 327.) Hence the saying of Ibn-Háritheh, المَنِيَّةَ لَا الدَّنِيَّةَ , meaning I choose death rather than, or not, disgrace. (Har ubi suprà.)

Nounدَانٍ1 sense

Core sense — drawing near, approaching; neargenerated

[Being, or becoming, near; drawing near, or approaching: and hence, near; like دَنِىٌّ] ism fāʿil of دَنَا مِنْهُ.

Qur’ānic occurrences دَان

55:54

مُتَّكِـِٔينَ عَلَىٰ فُرُشٍۭ بَطَآئِنُهَا مِنْ إِسْتَبْرَقٍ ۚ وَجَنَى ٱلْجَنَّتَيْنِ دَانٍ

They will recline on Carpets, whose inner linings will be of rich brocade: the Fruit of the Gardens will be near (and easy of reach).

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[Being, or becoming, near; drawing near, or approaching: and hence, near; like دَنِىٌّ :] act. part. n. of دَنَا مِنْهُ . (Msb.)

Nounأَدْنَى5 senses · 1 main

Core sense — nearer, or nearest; former, or first; worse, or more ignoblegenerated

1the Greeks have been overcome in the nearer, or nearest, part of the land—غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ فِى أَدْنَى الأَرْضِ

Nearer, and nearest; the opposite of أَقْصَى.

Feminine دُنْيَا, in which the radical و is changed into ى, as in عُلْيَا and قُصْيَا — so ISd, under بُقْوَى.

[The plural of the masculine is أَدَانٍ and أَدْنَوْنَ, the latter in the accusative and genitive أَدْنَيْنِ; and] the plural of the feminine is دُنًى, like كُبَرٌ, plural of كُبْرَى, and صُغَرٌ, plural of صُغْرَى.

Some call this last irregular and strange in use, and El-Mutanebbee has been blamed for using it; but in the passage meant he used الدُّنَى for الدُّنْيَا [not as a plural], dropping the ى by poetic license.

the heap of pebbles nearest to Minè—الجَمْرَةُ الدُّنْيَا

In the Qur'ān 30:1 and 2.

See جمر.

the nearest heaven, that is, the lowest; the heaven nearest to us—السَّمَآءُ الدُّنْيَا

Also called سَمَآءُ الدُّنْيَا, which means the heaven of the present world.

See also examples of the feminine in the paragraph beginning هُوَ ٱبْنُ عَمٍّ دِنْىٍ, in four places.

Lane cites “Kur xxx. 1” — Flügel numbering, not yet mapped

1.1I met him the first thing—لَقِيتُهُ أَدْنَى دَنِىٍّ

Also former, and first; and fore, and foremost; the opposite of آخِرٌ.

Also أَدْنَى دَنًا; ادنى دَنّىٰ and ادنى دَنِىٍّ are given for these in error.

the fore, or foremost, part of the mouth—أَدْنَى الفَمِ

the present world, and the present life—الدُّنْيَا

For الدَّارُ الدُّنْيَا and الحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا, the former dwelling, or abode, and life; the opposite of الآخِرَةُ. It is so called because of its nearness, and may be rendered the sublunary abode, or the inferior abode. It also means the enjoyments, blessings, or good of the present world; worldly prosperity.

he has no enjoyment of the present world, nor any in prospect in the world to come—مَا لَهُ دُنْيًا وَ لَا آخِرَةٌ

he purchased his enjoyments of the present world at the cost of those of the world to come—بَاعَ دُنْيَاهُ بِآخِرَتِهِ

IAar mentions this saying with tanween; the word sometimes takes tanween when used indeterminately.

Mentioned under بيع.

the rich man—اَبْنُ الدُّنْيَا

Mentioned under بنى.

1.2that will be more, or most, apt, fit, or proper, that they may be known—ذٰلِكَ أَدْنَى أَنْ يُعَرَفْنَ

That is, that they may be known to be free women, as distinct from female slaves, who did not cover their faces.

Also more, and most, apt, fit, or proper; so in the Qur'ān 33:59.

1.3nor less in number than that, nor more in number—وَلَا أَدْنَى مِنْ ذٰلِكَ وَلَاأَكْثَرَ

Also less in number or quantity, and least; the opposite of أَكْثَرُ.

In the Qur'ān 58:8.

and we will assuredly make them taste the smaller punishment besides the greater punishment—وَلَنُذِيقَنَّهُمْ مِنَ ٱلْعَذَابِ ٱلْأَدْنَى دُونَ ٱلْعَذَابِ ٱلْأَكْبَرِ

In the Qur'ān 32:21. Zj: this means whatever punishment is inflicted in the present world, together with the punishment of the world to come.

1.4will you take in exchange that which is worse for that which is better?—أَتَسْتَبْدِلُونَ ٱلَّذِى هُوَ أَدْنَى بِٱلَّذِى هُوَ خَيْرٌ

Also worse, or inferior in quality, and worst; or more, and most, low, ignoble, base, vile, mean, or weak; the opposite of خَيْرٌ.

In the Qur'ān 2:58; or, according to Zj, the meaning is: that which is less in value for that which is better? ادنى is written thus, without ء.

Fr says that it is here from الدَّنَآءَةٌ; and Zuheyr El-Kurkubee, or El-Furkubee, read أَدْنَأُ.

Show Lane's original text

Nearer, and nearest; opposed to أَقْصَى : (TA:) fem. دُنْيَا ; (M, TA;) in which the [radical] و is changed into ى , as in عُلْيَا and قُصْيَا : (ISd, TA voce بُقْوَى :) [the pl. of the masc. is أَدَانٍ and أَدْنَوْنَ ; the latter in the accus. and gen. أَدْنَيْنِ : and] the pl. of the fem., دُنًى , (S, K, TA,) like كُبَرٌ pl. of كُبْرَى , and صُغَرٌ pl. of صُغْرَى ; (S, TA;) said by some to be extr. and strange [in respect of usage]; and El-Mutanebbee has been blamed for using it; (MF, TA;) but in the case referred to he has used الدُّنَى for الدُّنْيَا , [not as a pl.,] suppressing the ى by poetic license. (TA.) [Hence,] غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ فِى أَدْنَى الأَرْضِ , in the Kur xxx. 1 and 2, The Greeks have been overcome in the nearer, or nearest, part of the land. (Bd, Jel.) And الجَمْرَةُ الدُّنْيَا [The nearest heap of pebbles;] the heap of pebbles nearest to Minè. (TA. [See art. جمر .]) And السَّمَآءُ الدُّنْيَا [The nearest heaven; i. e. the lowest;] the heaven that is the nearest to us: (T, TA:) also called سَمَآءُ الدُّنْيَا [which means the heaven of the present world; as will be seen from what follows]. (TA.) See also exs. of the fem. in the paragraph commencing with the words هُوَ ٱبْنُ عَمٍّ دِنْىٍ , in four places. Also Former, and first; and fore, and foremost; opposed to آخِرٌ . (TA.) [Hence,] لَقِيتُهُ أَدْنَى دَنِىٍّ (S, K, TA) and أَدْنَى دَنًا , (K, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, ادنى دَنّىٰ and ادنى دَنِىٍّ ,]) i. e. I met him the first thing. (S, K.) [And أَدْنَى الفَمِ The fore, or foremost, part of the mouth.] And الدُّنْيَا [for الدَّارُ الدُّنْيَا , and الحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا , The former dwelling, or abode, and life; i. e. the present world, and life, or state of existence]; contr. of الآخِرَةُ : (M, K:) [or] it is so called because of its nearness: (T, S:) [and may be rendered the sublunary abode, &c.: and the inferior abode, &c. It also signifies The enjoyments, blessings, or good, of the present world, or life; worldly blessings or prosperity, &c.] And sometimes it is with tenween, (K, TA,) when used indeterminately: (TA:) [thus,] IAar mentions the saying مَا لَهُ دُنْيًا وَ لَا آخِرَةٌ [as meaning He has none of the enjoyments, or blessings, of the present world, nor in prospect any enjoyments, or blessings, of the world to come]; with tenween. (M, TA.) And you say, بَاعَ دُنْيَاهُ بِآخِرَتِهِ [He purchased his enjoyments of the present world at the expense of his enjoyments of the world to come]. (Z, TA in art. بيع .) And اَبْنُ الدُّنْيَا means The rich man. (Msb in art. بنى .) Also More, and most, apt, fit, or proper: thus in the Kur [xxxiii. 59], in the phrase ذٰلِكَ أَدْنَى أَنْ يُعَرَفْنَ [That will be more, or most, apt, fit, or proper, that they may be known]; (Ksh, Mgh;) i. e., that they may be known to be free women, as distinguished from female slaves, who did not cover their faces. (Jel.) Also Less [in number or quantity &c.], and least [therein]; opposed to أَكْثَرُ . (TA.) وَلَا أَدْنَى مِنْ ذٰلِكَ وَلَاأَكْثَرَ , in the Kur [lviii. 8], means Nor less in number than that, nor more in number. (Bd.) And وَلَنُذِيقَنَّهُمْ مِنَ ٱلْعَذَابِ ٱلْأَدْنَى دُونَ ٱلْعَذَابِ ٱلْأَكْبَرِ , in the Kur [xxxii. 21, lit. And we will assuredly make them to taste of the smaller punishment besides the greater punishment], means, accord. to Zj, whatever punishment is inflicted in the present world and the punishment of the world to come. (M.) Also Worse, [or inferior in quality,] and worst; or more, and most, low, ignoble, base, vile, mean, or weak; opposed to خَيْرٌ . (TA.) It is said in the Kur [ii. 58], أَتَسْتَبْدِلُونَ ٱلَّذِى هُوَ أَدْنَى بِٱلَّذِى هُوَ خَيْرٌ [Will ye take in exchange that which is worse, or inferior, for that which is better? or], accord. to Zj, meaning that which is less in value [for that which is better]? ادنى being thus, without ء : Fr says that it is here from الدَّنَآءَةٌ : and Zuheyr El-Kurkubee [or (accord. to some) El-Furkubee] read أَدْنَأُ . (T.)

Nounمُدْنٍ1 sense

Core sense — near to bringing forth, said of a she-camel or a womangenerated

Applied to a she-camel, and to a woman: near to bringing forth; and so is مُدْنِيَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text

and مُدْنِيَةٌ , applied to a she-camel, (M, K,) and to a woman, (M,) Near to bringing forth. (M, K.)

Nounمُدَنٍّ1 sense

Core sense — weak, contemptible, falling short in everything he enters upongenerated

Applied to a man: weak; contemptible; of no profit to anyone; falling short in everything he undertakes [like دَنِىٌّ]; or falling short of accomplishing what he ought to do.

For the sake of rhyme, by poetic license, it is also written مُدَنْ.

Show Lane's original text

, applied to a man, Weak; (S, TA;) contemptible ( خَسِيسٌ ); not profitable to any one; who falls short in everything upon which he enters; [like دَنِىٌّ ;] (TA;) or falling short of accomplishing that which it behooves him to do: (AHeyth, T:) also, for the sake of rhyme, [by poetic license,] written مُدَنْ . (T.)